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FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

PUBLICATION  242 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  XIII 


CATALOGUE  OF  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 
AND  THE  ADJACENT  ISLANDS 

IN 

FIELD  MUSEUM  C     NATURAL  HISTORY 

INCLUDING  ALL   SPECIES  AND  SUBSPECIES    KNOWN   TO   OCCUR    IN    NORTH 
AMERICA,  MEXICO,  CENTRAL  AMERICA.    SOUTH    AMERICA,    THE    WEST 
INDIES,  AND  ISLANDS  OF  THE  CARIBBEAN  SEA,  THE  GALAPAGOS 
ARCHIPELAGO.  AND  OTHER  ISLANDS  WHICH  MAY   BE  IN- 
CLUDED ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR  FAUNAL  AFFINITIES 

Initiated  by 

CHARLES   B.   CORY 
Late  Curator  of  Zoology 

Continued  by 

CHARLES  E.  HELLMAYR 
Associate  Curator  of  Birds 


PART  V 
TYRANNIDAE 


WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD 

Curator,  Department  of  Zoology 


EDITOR 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

April  n,   1927. 
THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

FE81>: 

Of,,. 


»t* 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

PUBLICATION  242 
ZOOLOGICAL  SERIES  VOL.  XIII 


CATALOGUE  OF  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 
AND  THE  ADJACENT  ISLANDS 

IN 

FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

INCLUDING  ALL  SPECIES  AND  SUBSPECIES    KNOWN   TO   OCCUR   IN   NORTH 

AMERICA,  MEXICO,  CENTRAL  AMERICA,    SOUTH    AMERICA,    THE   WEST 

INDIES,  AND  ISLANDS  OF  THE  CARIBBEAN  SEA.  THE  GALAPAGOS 

ARCHIPELAGO.  AND  OTHER  ISLANDS  WHICH  MAY  BE  IN- 

CLUDED  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR  FAUNAL  AFFINITIES 

Initiated  by 

CHARLES  B.   CORY 
Late  Curator  of  Zoology 

Continued  by 

CHARLES  E.  HELLMAYR 
Associate  Curator  of  Birds 


PART  V 
TYRANNIDAE 


WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD 

Curator,  Department  of  Zoology 
EDITOR 


CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 

April  n,   1927. 
THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

FES  17  1938 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


PRINTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA 
BY  FIELD  MUSEUM  PRESS 


5 
V.  \35 

Co  p.  2* 

PREFACE  TO  PART  FIVE 

Probably  no  other  group  of  birds  presents  more  difficulties  to  the 

systematist  than  the  Tyrant-flycatchers,  forming  the  subject  of  the 

,o  present  instalment  of  the  "Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  the  Americas." 

<•  The  family  of  Tyrannidae  is  very  nearly  related  to  the  Chatterers 

(Cotingidae)  and  Manakins  (Pipridae),  and  its  exact  limits  can  hardly 

v-  be  defined  in  the  present  state  of  our  knowledge.    As  far  as  external 

••'-•  structure  is  concerned,  the  character  of  the  tarsal  covering,  upon  which 

^Mr.  Ridgway,  the  latest  monographer,  mainly  relies  as  criterion  for 

&o  their  discrimination,  varies  much  in  different  individuals  of  the  same 

species,  and  I  cannot  help  thinking  that  its  taxonomic  value  has  been 

unduly  overestimated. 

An  arrangement  resulting  in  the  relegation  to  different  families  of 
so  closely  allied  genera  as  Xanthomyias  and  Acrochordopus,  or  Camp- 
tostoma  and  Microtriccus,  which  apart  from  the  divergency  in  the 
tarsal  envelope  are  practically  identical  in  structural  features,  does  not 
seem  to  correctly  express  their  natural  relationship.  Anatomical  char- 
acters, known  to  exist  between  the  various  families  of  Mesomyodian 
Passeres,  would  help  to  decide  the  proper  allocation  of  certain  genera; 
but  our  knowledge  of  internal  structure  is  limited  to  a  few  of  the 
numerous  forms  and,  until  we  acquire  more  information  about  the 
insertion  of  the  vocal  muscles  and  other  anatomical  details  of  the 
disputed  genera,  I  am  rather  unwilling  to  modify  the  limitation  of  the 
family  of  Tyrannidae  as  understood  by  Sclater  and  Berlepsch. 

Classification  within  the  family  offers,  likewise,  a  good  many  prob- 
lems, and  it  is  not  at  all  improbable  that  certain  changes  in  the  com- 
position of  the  subfamily  groups  admitted  in  the  present  volume  may 
ultimately  be  found  necessary  when  the  anatomy  of  additional  genera 
has  been  studied.  In  the  meantime,  I  am  closely  following  the  classi- 
fication proposed  in  "Ornis,"  14,  p.  463-493,  1907,  by  the  late  Count 
Berlepsch,  who  had  made  a  lifelong  study  of  these  difficult  birds  and 
whose  arrangement,  in  my  opinion,  expresses  natural  affinities  in  a 
more  satisfactory  way  than  any  other  previous  attempt.  Segregation 
of  genera  has  gone  a  little  too  far,  I  believe,  and  certain  generic  groups 
pass  so  gradually  into  each  other  that  no  hard  line  can  be  drawn. 

The  Tyrant-flycatchers  have  been  a  favorite  study  of  mine  for 
the  last  twenty-five  years.  Most  of  the  material  in  European  Museums 
has  passed  through  my  hands,  and  hundreds  of  types  have  been  critically 
examined.  It  is,  therefore,  hoped  that  the  present  monograph  may  be 

iii 


of  some  service  to  the  student  of  this  intricate  family,  although  I  am 
only  too  well  aware  of  its  many  shortcomings  due  to  the  incomplete- 
ness of  our  knowledge  and  insufficiency  of  material  in  many  instances. 

The  manuscript  of  this  part  was  practically  completed  on  May  i, 
1926,  and  literature  issued  after  that  date  has  not  been  considered 
beyond  the  inclusion  of  new  forms  described  therein. 

In  addition  to  the  gentlemen  mentioned  in  the  Preface  to  Part 
III,  acknowledgments  are  due  for  the  loan  of  specimens,  information 
concerning  material  in  the  collections  under  their  care,  and  other  acts 
of  courtesy  to  Mons.  Jacques  Berlioz  of  the  Museum  National  d'His- 
toire  Naturelle,  Paris;  Mr.  Forske  Cooper  and  Dr.  Hans  Gadow  of 
the  University  Museum,  Cambridge,  England;  Mr.  August  Hemprich 
of  the  Municipal  Museum,  Halberstadt;  Mag.  R.  Hoerring  and  Mag. 
J.  Lieberkind  of  the  Zoological  Museum,  Copenhagen;  Mr.  N.  B. 
Kinnear  of  the  British  Museum;  Prof.  Einar  Lonnberg  of  the  Royal 
Zoological  Museum,  Stockholm;  Dr.  R.  Mertens  of  the  Senckenbergian 
Natural  History  Museum,  Frankfort;  Mr.  C.  H.  Rogers  of  Princeton 
University;  Dr.  Moriz  Sassi  of  the  Natural  History  Museum,  Vienna; 
Dr.  Witmer  Stone  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia; 
and  Dr.  E.  Stresemann  of  the  Zoological  Museum,  Berlin. 

January  i,  1927.  C.  E.  HELLMAYR. 


IV 


CONTENTS 
Orders,  Families  and  Genera  included  in  Part  V 

ORDER  PASSERIFORMES 


SUBORDER  MESOMYODI 

FAMILY  TYRANNIDAE 

(Tyrant-flycatchers) 

Subfamily  FLUVICOLINAE 

Agriornis  Gould . i 

Xolmis  Boie 10 

Muscisaxicola  Lafresnaye  and 

D'Orbigny 20 

Lessonia  Swainson 33 

Myiotheretes  Reichenbach 37 

Cnemarchus  Ridgway 38 

Neoxolmis  Hellmayr 39 

Ochthodiaeta  Cabanis  and  Heine. ...  40 

Ochthoeca  Cabanis 42 

Sayornis  Bonaparte 54 

Colonia  Gray 60 

Gubernetes  Such 63 

Alectrurus  Vieillot 65 

Yetapa  Lesson 66 

Knipolegus  Boie 67 

Phaeotriccus  Ridgway 75 

Entotriccus  Wetmore  and  Peters 76 

Lichenops  Sundevall 77 

Muscipipra  Lesson 80 

Fluvicola  Swainson 81 

Arundinicola  D'Orbigny 85 

Pyrocephalus  Gould 86 

Ochthornis  Sclater 94 

Muscigralla  Lafresnaye  and 

D'Orbigny 94 

Tumbezia  Chapman 95 

Satrapa  Strickland 96 

Machetornis  Gray 97 

Subfamily  TYRANNINAE 

Muscivora  Lacepede 100 

Tyrannus  Lacepede 102 

Empidonomus  Cabanis  and  Heine. . .  112 

Legatus  Sclater 117 


Sirystes  Cabanis  and  Heine ...119 

Myiodynastes  Bonaparte 121 

Megarynchus  Thunberg 130 

Conopias  Cabanis  and  Heine 134 

Coryphotriccus  Ridgway 136 

Myiozetetes  Sclater 137 

Tyrannopsis  Ridgway 147 

Pitangus  Swainson 148 

Tolmarchus  Ridgway 156 

Subfamily  MYIARCHINAE 

Myiarchus  Cabanis 158 

Hylonax  Ridgway 187 

Eribates  Ridgway 187 

Nesotriccus  Townsend 187 

Deltarhynchus  Ridgway 188 

Nuttallornis  Ridgway 188 

Myiochanes  Cabanis  and  Heine 190 

Blacicus  Cabanis 204 

Empidonax  Cabanis 206 

Cnemotriccus  Hellmayr 221 

Mitrephanes  Coues. 227 

Terenotriccus  Ridgway 230 

Aphanotriccus  Ridgway 233 

Praedo  Nelson 233 

Myiobius  Ridgway 234 

Myiotriccus  Ridgway 241 

Pyrrhomyias  Cabanis  and  Heine ....  243 

Myiophobus  Reichenbach 246 

Hirundinea  Lafresnaye  and 

D'Orbigny 255 

Onychorhynchus  Fischer 258 

Subfamily  PLATYRINCHINAE 

Platyrinchus  Desmarest 261 

Cnipodectes  Sclater  and  Salvin 271 

Tolmomyias  Hellmayr 273 

Rhynchocyclus  Cabanis  and  Heine.  .287 
Ramphotrigon  Gray 292 

Subfamily  EUSCARTHMINAE 

Todirostrum  Lesson 293 


Spizitornis  Oberholser ' 370 

Uromyias  Hettmayr 378 

Stigmatura  Sclater  and  Salvin 379 

Serpophaga  Gould 381 

Inezia  Cherri* 389 

Xenopsaris  Ridgway 391 

Mecocerculus  Sclater 392 

Colorhamphus  Sundevatt 400 

Subfamily  ELAENIINAE 


Ceratotriccus  Cabanis 309 

Oncostoma  Sclater 310 

Euscarthmornis  Oberholser 311 

Microcochlearius  Chubb 322 

Snethlagea  Berlepsch 323 

Poecilotriccus  Berlepsch 325 

Taeniotriccus  Berlepsch  and  Hartert.^l 

Idioptilon  Berlepsch 328 

Lophotriccus  Berlepsch 328 

Colopteryx  Ridgway 333 

Atalotriccus  Ridgway 335 

Myiornis  Bertoni 337      Elaenia  Sundevatt 400 

Perissotriccus  Oberholser 338      Suiriri  D'Orbigny 442 

Pseudotriccus  Taczanowski  and  Sublegatus  Sclater  and  Salvin 445 

Berlepsch 340      Phaeomyias  Berlepsch 449 

Caenotriccus  Sclater 342      Camptostoma  Sclater 453 

Hemitriccus  Cabanis  and  Heine 343      Xanthomyias  Berlepsch 461 

Pogonotriccus  Cabanis  and  Heine.  .  .345      Phyllomyias  Cabanis  and  Heine 463 

Leptotriccus  Cabanis  and  Heine.  .  .  .349      Tyranniscus  Cabanis  and  Heine 467 

Phylloscartes  Cabanis  and  Heine 350      Oreotriccus  Richmond 477 

Capsiempis  Cabanis  and  Heine      .      354      Tyrannulus  Vieillot 477 

Euscarthmus  Wied 357      Acrochordopus  Berlepsch  and 

Pseudocolopteryx  Lillo 360          Hettmayr 480 

Habrura  Cabanis  and  Heine 364      Microtriccus  Ridgway 482 

Culicivora  Swainson 367      Qmithion  Hartlaub 483 

Leptopogon  Cabanis 484 

Subfamily  SERPOPHAGINAE  Mionectes  Cabanis 49 1 

Tachuris  Lafresnaye 367      Pipromorpha  Cray 497 

LIST  OF  NEW  NAMES  PROPOSED  IN  PART  V 

Agriornis  montana  intermedia  subsp.  nov 5 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  pallidiceps  subsp.  nov 21 

Neoxolmis  genus  nov 39 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  centralis  subsp.  nov 49 

Knipolegus  lophotes  nom.  nov 67 

Empidonomus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  minor  subsp.  nov 116 

Myiarchus  ferox  australis  subsp.  nov *77 

Myiochanes  cinereus  pallescens  subsp.  nov J94 

Cnemotriccus  nom.  nov 221 

Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  venezuelanus  subsp.  nov 226 

Terenotriccus  erythrurus  brunneifrons  subsp.  nov 231 

Myiobius  atricaudus  snethlagei  subsp.  nov 240 

Tolmomyias  genus  nov 273 

Todirostrum  viridanum  sp.  nov 3°i 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  melanomystax  subsp.  nov 325 

Uromyias  genus  nov 3?8 

Elaenia  albiceps  chilensis  subsp.  nov 4*3 

Phyllomyias  brevirostris  cearae  subsp.  nov 4^5 


VI 


CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS 

Continuation  by  Charles  E.  Hellmayr 

PART  V 


ORDER  PASSERIFORMES— Continued. 
Suborder  MESOMYODI— Continued. 

FAMILY  TYRANNIDAE. 

TYRANT-FLYCATCHERS. 
Subfamily  FLUVICOLINAE. 

Genus  AGRIORNIS  Gould. 

Agriornis  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  6,  pi.  12,  13,  Jan.  1839 — type 
(present  designation*)  Agriornis  micropterus  GOULD. 

Tamnolanius  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  2,  p.  138,  May  1839 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Tamnophilus  lividus  KITTLITZ. 

*  Agriornis  livida  livida  (Kittlitz).    KITTLITZ'S  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Tamnophilus  lividus  KITTLITZ,  MeYn.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pdtersb.,  (sav.  ^tr.),  2,  p.  465, 
pi.  i,  1835 — "auf  den  flachen  Hohen  um  Valparaiso";  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann. 
Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  18,  1921 — type  in  Leningrad  Museum. 

Tyrannus  gutturalis  EYDOUX  and  GERVAIS,  Mag.  Zool.,  6,  cl.  2,  pi.  63,  1836 — 
Chile;  idem,  Voyage  Favorite,  5  (2),  p.  32,  pi.  n,  1829 — part,  descr.  of  type, 
Chile. 

Pitangus  chilensis  LESSON  in  Bougainville,  Journ.  navig.  Thetis,  2,  p.  323,  1837 — 
Valparaiso. 

Agriornis  marginalis  (REICHENBACH  MS.)  BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853 — coast  range  near  Valparaiso. 

Agriornis  gutturalis  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  56,  1839 — Valparaiso 
and  as  far  north  as  Copiap6;  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  nt  p.  in,  1843 — central 
provinces  of  Chile. 

•Gray's  action  (Cat.  Gen.  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  41,  1855)  in  selecting " Tyrannus" 
lividus  KITTLITZ  as  genotype  is  invalid,  since  the  genus,  as  originally  proposed  in 
January  1839,  contained  only  A.  micropterus  and  A.  leucurus.  The  corresponding 
section  of  the  letter  press  of  the  Zoology  of  the  Beagle  (pp.  33-56)  was  not  published 
until  July  1839. 


2      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pepoaza  livida  D'ORBiGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  351,  1839 — Valparaiso 
(spec,  examined). 

Agriornis  lividus  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  183,  1855 — Chile ; 
GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  N.  H.,  7,  p.  311,  1861 — Santiago  (breeding  hab- 
its); PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  78,  1865 — Chile. 

Dasyeephala  livida  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  29,  (i),  p.  136,  1863 — 
Valdivia  (in  the  Pampas),  in  the  northern  and  central  parts  of  Chile  (on  the 
mountain  slopes);  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  159,  1888 — Atacama. 

Agriornis  livida  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325 — Chile;  SALVTN,  I.e.,  1883; 
p.  423 — Talcahuano;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.f  14,  p.  4,  1888 — Talca- 
huano,  Valparaiso;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  28 — below  the  town  of  Arauco  (spec, 
examined);  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  .Suppl.,  4,  p.  720,  1898 — part,  Quiri- 
quina,  near  Concepcion;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  466,  1907 — Chile;  BARROS, 
Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  145,  1920 — Nilahue,  Curic<5;  idem,  I.e.  25,  p.  182, 
1923 — Cordillera  de  Aconcagua. 

Agriornis  livida  livida  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  328,  1925 — Valparaiso 
(range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  295,  1926 — Concon,  Chile. 

Range:    Chile,  from  Atacama  south  to  Valdivias. 

10:  Chile  (Ramadilla,  Copiapd  Valley,  Atacama  i;  Romero,  Co- 
quimbo  2;  Quillota,  Valparaiso  i;  Zeno,  Santiago  i;  Villa  Portales, 
Cautin  3;  Rio  Lolen,  Lonquimai  Valley,  Cautin  i;  Temuco,  Cautin  i). 

*Agriornis  livida  fortis  Berlepschb.    CHUBUT  VALLEY  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Agriornis  livida  fortis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  352,  466,  1907 — Valle  del  Lago 
Blanco,  Chubut  (type  examined);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  189,  1909 — same  locality;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  319, 
1923 — Bariloche,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  328, 
1925 — char.,  range. 

Agriornis  livida  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  720,  1898 — 
part,  Punta  Anegada,  Tierra  del  Fuego  (spec,  examined);  CRAWSHAY,  Birds 
Tierra  del  Fuego  p.  59,  pi.,  1907 — Useless  Bay  and  San  Sebastian;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  363,  1902 — Tierra  del  Fuego;  idem,  I.e.,  18, 
p.  313,  1910 — Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Range:  Western  Patagonia,  from  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi  down  to 
Tierra  del  Fuego. 

3 :  Argentina  (Puesto  Burro,  Chubut  i) ;  Chile  (Rio  Nireguao,  Llan- 
quihue"  2). 

B  There  is  apparently  no  difference  in  coloration  between  specimens  from  various 
parts  of  Chile,  though  those  from  the  north  (Coquimbo  to  Atacama)  are  smaller, 
while  two  from  Valdivia  approach  A .  I.  fortis  in  size.  The  attenuation  of  the  outer 
primaries  is  evidently  a  rare  exception  in  this  species,  for  I  found  it  only  in  four  out 
of  thirty-three  examples  examined. 

b  Agriornis  livida  fortis  BERLEPSCH:  Differs  from  A.  I.  livida  merely  by  consider- 
ably larger  size.  Wing  138-149,  once  only  135;  tail  116-126;  bill  28-31. 

Material  examined. — Punta  Anegada,  Tierra  del  Fuego  i ;  Valle  del  Lago  Blanco, 
Chubut  ii,  Puesto  Burro,  Chubut  i;  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi  4;  Rio  Nireguao,  Chile  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY-HELLMAYR.  3 

*Agriornis  micropteraa  microptera  Gould.   ARGENTINE  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Agriornis  microptera  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  6,  pi.  12,  Jan.  1839; 
idem,  I.e.,  Part  n,  p.  57,  Nov.  1839  —  Port  Desire  (type)  and  San  Julian, 
Patagonia  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Agriornis  striatus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  56,  July  1839  — 
Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  BURMEISTER, 
Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  459,  1861  —  Rio  Cuarto;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  356  — 
Tucumdn;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  i,  p.  141,  1881  —  Rio  Col- 
orado and  Rio  Negro;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba, 
i  o,  p.  401,  1890  —  Cordoba;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918  —  Mendoza. 

Agriornis  gutturalis  (not  of  EYDOUX  and  GERVAIS)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn., 
8,  p.  247,  1860  —  Rio  Quinto. 

Agriornis  striata  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  in,  1888  —  Argentina; 
WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1  888,  p.  464  —  Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  in 
British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  5,  1888  — 
Pilciao  (Catamarca),  Pampas,  Tucuma'n,  Santa  Cruz,  San  Julian,  Port  Desire 
(spec,  examined);  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Sci.  Cap  Horn,  6,  Zool.,  p.  650,  1891  — 
Santa  Cruz;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  p.  182,  1902  —  Tucumdn, 
Tafi;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  46,  1905  —  same  localities;  BRUCH,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  11,  p.  255,  1904  —  Valle  del  Lerma,  Salta;  BAER,  Ornis,  12, 
p.  219,  1904  —  Tapia;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  466,  1907  —  Argentina;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  314,  1910  —  range  in  Argentina;  AMBROSETTI, 
El  Hornero,  i,  p.  36,  1917  —  Timote,  Buenos  Aires;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.  2,  p.  268, 
1922  —  Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.  3,  p.  70,  1923  —  La 
Rioja;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  643,  1924  —  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires. 

Agriornis  andicola  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  450  —  Moreno, 


Agriornis  striatus  striatus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  189,  1909  — 
Tucumdn  (spec,  examined). 

Agriornis  striata  striata  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  319,  1923  — 
Huanuluan,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  296,  1926  —  General  Roca  (Rio  Negro),  Zapala  (Neuquen), 
and  Tunuyan  (Mendoza);  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  446,  1926  — 
Cabeza  de  Vaca,  Rio  Negro. 

•  A  .  microptera  is  specifically  distinct  from  A  .  livida,  representatives  of  both 
groups  being  found  in  parts  of  western  Patagonia.  It  is  much  smaller  in  all  propor- 
tions, of  much  paler  coloration  and  lacks  the  strong  cinnamomeous  tinge  on  the 
abdomen,  only  the  under  tail-coverts  being  tinged  with  buff.  Besides,  the  tip  of 
the  inner  web  of  the  two  outer  primaries  is  always  incised  in  the  adult  males. 

The  type  of  A  .  striatus  (Santa  Cruz)  is  an  adult  male  in  freshly  molted  plumage, 
while  A  .  micropterus  was  based  on  a  female  in  worn  breeding  garb  and  a  full-grown 
fledgling.  Birds  from  northwestern  Argentina  (Tucumdn,  Santiago  del  Estero, 
Salta)  agree  with  others  from  more  southern  localities. 

Material  examined.  —  Argentina:  Santa  Cruz  2,  Port  Desire  i,  San  Julian  i; 
Lpmas  de  Zamora,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  2  ;  Noetinger,  Cordoba  4;  Galvez,  Santa  F6  i  ; 
Pilciao,  Catamarca  i  ;  Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro  7;  Limay,  Neuquen,  i  ;  Icano,  Rio  Sal- 
ado,  Santiago  del  Estero  i;  Tucumdn  6,  Tapia  i;  Rosario-Frontera,  Salta  i,  Cachi, 
Salta  i.  Uruguay:  Piedra  del  Toro,  Pando,  Canelones  i. 


4      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Agriornis  strita  (sic)  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  34,  1916 — La  Hullera,  Men- 
doza. 

Range:  Argentina,  from  Jujuy,  Salta,  Tucuman,  Santiago  del  Es- 
tero,  Cordoba,  and  Santa  Fe"  south  to  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia8;  Uruguay. 

4:  Argentina,  (Noetinger,  F.  C.  C.  A.,  Cordoba  3);  Uruguay 
(Piedra  del  Toro,  Pando,  Canelones  i). 

Agriornis  microptera  andecola  (D'0rbigny)b.    ANDEAN  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Pepoaza  andecola  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  351,  1839 — "sur  les 
parties  les  plus  elevens  du  plateau  des  Andes"  =  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

Agriornis  andecola  paznae  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  14,  "1908," 
P-  34°»  Jan-  I9°9 — road  from  Pazfia  to  Urmiri,  near  Lake  Poopo,  Oruro, 
Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  idem,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris, 
(10)  i,  p.  214,  1909 — same  locality. 

Pepoaza  gutturalis  (not  of  EYDOUX  and  GERVAIS)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  64,  1837 — ''in  Andibus,  rep.  Boliviana." 

Agriornis  andecola  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  6,  1888  (ex  D'ORBIGNY); 

BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  464,  1907 — La  Paz  and  Sajama  (crit.). 
Agriornis  striata  andecola  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  464,  466,  1907 — Bolivia. 

Agriornis  microptera  andecola  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  329,  1925 — Bolivia 
(crit.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  La 
Paz  and  Oruro  (Sajama,  Pazna). 

Agriornis  montana  solitaria  Sclater0.    SOLITARY  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Agriornis  solitaria  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  553,  1858 — Titiacun,  Ecuador 
(type  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  78,  1860 — Quito  (nest 
and  eggs  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  92,  1860 — Puellaro;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  7,  pi.  3,  1888 — Titiacun,  Puellaro,  Quito,  Sical,  and  Pasto;  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 — Cayambe  (spec,  examined);  SALVADORI  and 

*  Its  breeding  range  is  probably  restricted  to  Patagonia,  north  to  Rio  Negro 
(Huanuluan)  and  Neuquen,  whereas  in  the  northern  parts  of  Argentina  it  occurs 
only  during  winter  time. 

b  Agriornis  microptera  andecola  (D'ORBIGNY):  Similar  to  A.  m.  microptera,  but 
throat  with  much  fewer,  narrower,  dusky  brown  (instead  of  blackish)  streaks,  and 
bill  as  a  rule  slenderer.  Wing  116-123;  tail  loo-no;  bill  25-26^. 

The  type  of  A.  a.  paznae,  a  bird  in  fresh  plumage,  agrees  with  others  from  La  Paz 
in  similar  condition,  while  D'Orbigny's  original  is  rather  worn  and  soiled. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia  (unspecified)  the  type  i,  La  Paz  2,  Sajama  i,  road 
Pazna-Urmiri  i. 

c  Agriornis  montana  solitaria  SCLATER:  Closely  allied  to  A.  m.  insolens,  but  upper 
parts  somewhat  darker;  breast  much  darker  smoky  or  sooty  brown.  Wing  (male) 
132-138;  tail  99-107;  bill  24^-26.  Seventeen  specimens,  including  the  type,  from 
Ecuador  and  one  from  Colombia  (Pasto)  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  5 

FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  2,  1899 — Laguna  de  Kingora 
(Sigsig),  Quito,  Nanegal,  Lloa;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  700 — Quito  (spec, 
examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  466,  467,  1907  (crit.);  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 
Serv.  ge"og.  Mes.  Arc  Me'rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  845,  1911 — Aloag,  near  Quito; 
LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  71,  1922 — Quito  and 
Zambiza. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Ecuador  and  adjacent  section  of  Col- 
ombia (Pasto). 

*Agriornis  montana  insolens  Sclater  and  Salvin.    WHITELY'S  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Agriornis  insolens  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  153 — Tinta, 
Dept.  Cuzco,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1873, 
p.  780 — Paucartambo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  186,  1884 — Tinta; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  7,  pi.  2,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Tinta, 
Paucartambo;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  10,  1895 — part,  Huamachuco,  Caja- 
bamba,  and  Cajamarca  (male  only)  (spec,  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  354 — Ingapirca,  Tarma,  Maraynioc  (spec, 
examined). 

Agriornis  maritima  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1874,  p.  531 — Huanta  and  Junin  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Agriornis  solitaria  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  183,  1884 — 
Junin,  Huanta,  Cutervo,  Puno. 

Agriornis  solitaria  insolens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  466,  467,  1907 — part,  Peru; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  86,  1921 — above  Ollantaytambo, 
Tica-tica,  and  La  Raya,  southern  Peru. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Peru,  from depts.  Piura  (Huancabamba), 
Cajamarca,  and  Amazonas  south  to  Cuzco  (Raya  Pass ;  head  of  Mar- 
capata  Valley) ». 

1 1 :  Peru  (Chachapoyas  i ;  Cajamarca  3 ;  Macate,  Dept.  Ancachs  2 ; 
Huanuco  Viejo  3;  Hudnuco  Mts.  i;  Junin  i). 

*Agriornis  montana  intermedia  subsp.  nov.b  INTERMEDIATE  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

a  In  A .  m.  insolens,  the  four  outer  pairs  of  rectrices  are  white,  mostly  wholly  so, 
though  there  is  sometimes  on  the  fourth,  and  very  rarely  on  the  third,  a  narrow  dusky 
margin  along  the  inner  web. 

Material  examined. — Head  of  Marcapata  Valley  2,  Paucartambo  2,  Tinta  4, 
Lauramarca,  Cuzco  3,  Junin  2,  Huanuco  4,  Macate  2,  Cajamarca  6,  Huamachuco  i, 
Cajabamba  i,  Chachapoyas  i. 

b  Agriornis  montana  intermedia  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Putre,  alt.  11,600  ft.  Prov.  Tacna,  Chile  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  No.  57427.  Adult  male.  July  7,  1924.  C.  C.  Sanborn. 

Adult. — Similar  to  A.  montana  maritima,  but  lateral  rectrices  with  much  less 
black  at  the  base,  the  two  outermost  pairs  sometimes  even  wholly  white;  similar 
also  to  A.  montana  insolens,  but  black  tail  markings  more  extensive  and,  with  few 


6      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Agriornis  insolens  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1869)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  610 — Sorata,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  7,  1888 — part,  spec.  £,  Sorata. 

Agriornis  maritima  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  3,  p.  354,  1876 — Titicaca  Id.,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 

Agriornis  solitaria  insolens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  466,  467,  1907 — part,  La  Paz 
and  Sajama,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Andes  of  western  Bolivia,  in  depts.  La  Paz  (Sorata,  La  Paz, 
Mauri,  Chicani,  Chililaya)  and  Oruro  (Sajama,  Esperanza),  and  extreme 
north  of  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna). 

4:    Chile  (Putre,  Tacna  4). 

*  Agriornis  montana  maritima   (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny)*.     D'OR- 
BIGNY'S  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Pepoaza  maritima  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  65,  1837 — Cobija,  "  Bolivia"  =  Prov.  Antofagasta,  Chile  (type  in 
Paris  Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  353, 
1839 — Cobija. 

Tyrannus  gutturalis  EYDOUX  and  GERVAIS  (not  of  1836),  Voyage  Favorite,  5, 

(2),  p.  33,  1839 — part,  spec,  from  Coquimbo. 
Agriornis  maritimus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  57,   1839 — part, 

Copiap6. 
Agriornis  maritima  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  609 — Cobija 

and  desert  of  Atacama;  SHARPE,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  8 — Coquimbo  (spec,  examined) ; 

exceptions,  also  more  or  less  pronounced  or  at  least  suggested  on  the  two  outer  pairs 
of  rectrices. 

Wing  (male)  133-136,  (female)  124-130;  tail  98-105,  (female)  96-103;  bill  23-27. 

Remarks. — This  is  a  connecting  link  between  A.  m.  maritima  and  A.  m.  montana, 
with  bicolored  lateral  rectrices,  and  the  Peruvian  A .  m.  insolens,  white  outer  half  of 
tail.  The  range  of  variation  completely  bridges  the  apparent  wide  gap  separating 
the  two  groups.  While  most  of  the  specimens  from  western  Bolivia  and  Tacna 
have  much  less  black  in  the  tail  than  the  southern  races,  the  markings  being 
narrower  as  well  as  less  regular,  examples  with  the  largest  amount  of  black  are  hardly 
distinguishable  from  maritima,  and  those  with  the  least  amount  are  very  nearly  as 
white-tailed  as  insolens.  Birds  from  Tacna  are  decidedly  grayish  above,  resem- 
bling maritima,  whereas  those  from  Bolivia,  by  the  more  brownish  tinge  of  the  upper 
parts,  closely  approach  montana. 

Material  examined. — Chile:  Putre,  Tacna  4.  Bolivia,  Oruro:  Sajama  i,  Esper- 
anza i;  Lake  Titicaca  i;  Chililaya  i,  La  Paz  3,  Mauri,  Cordillera  of  La  Paz  3,  Chi- 
cani i,  Sorata  i. 

'•Agriornis  montana  maritima  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY),  although  nearly 
allied  to,  and  not  separated  from,  A.  m.  montana  in  my  review  of  D'Orbigny's  types, 
seems,  after  all,  distinguishable  by  much  less  brownish  upper  parts,  more  grayish 
(less  brownish  buff)  breast,  and  more  conspicuous,  blackish  rather  than  brownish 
streaking  on  the  throat.  Tail  markings  exactly  as  in  A .  m.  montana. 

Specimens  from  Atacama  are  precisely  similar  to  the  type  with  which  they  were 
directly  compared.  A  single  example  from  Sacaya  (Tarapaca)  belongs  likewise  to 
this  form. 

Material  examined. — Sacaya,  Tarapaca  i,  Cobija,  Antofagasta  2,  Atacama  4, 
Coquimbo  i,  Banos  del  Toro  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  7 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  6,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  Coquimbo;  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1891,  p.  134 — Sacaya,  Tarapaca  (spec,  examined);  LANE, 
Ibis,  1897,  p.  29 — about  Sacaya;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  464,  467,  1907 — 
part,  Chile. 

Dasycephala  maritima  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  159,  1888 — Antofagasta. 

Agriornis  montana  montana  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  330,  1925 — part,  Cobija. 

Range :  Northern  Chile,  from  Tarapaca  (Sacaya)  south  to  the  Prov- 
ince of  Coquimbo  (Coquimbo,  Banos  del  Toro). 

7:  Chile  (San  Pedro,  Antofagasta  i;  Caldera,  Atacama  i,  Dom- 
eyko,  Atacama  3;  Banos  del  Toro,  Coquimbo  2). 

*  Agriornis  montana  montana  (Lafresnaye  and  UOrbigny).  MOUNTAIN 
GROUND-TYRANT. 

Pepoaza  montana  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  r,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  64,  1837 — Chuquisaca,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined; 
=juv.);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  352,  1839 — part,  Palca 
(Chuquisaca)8. 

Agriornis  montana  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  6,  1888  (ex  D'ORBIGNY). 

Agriornis  maritima  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nat.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  182,  1902 — Cerro  de  Malamala,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev. 
letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  46,  1905 — same  locality;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  219,  1904 — 
Lara  (spec,  examined);  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Santa 
Catalina,  Jujuy;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  464,  467,  1907 — part,  Chuquisaca 
and  Argentina;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  314,  1910 — part, 
Tucuman  and  Jujuy. 

Agriornis  maritima  maritima  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  189, 
1909 — Tilcara  (Jujuy),  Lara  and  Las  Cienagas,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined). 

Agriornis  montana  montana  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  330,  1925 — part,  Chu- 
quisaca, Vacas,  Jujuy,  Tucuman. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (in  depts.  Cochabamba,  Santa  Cruz,  and 
Chuquisaca)  and  northwestern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Jujuy  and  Tucuman)b. 

2:    Argentina  (Cerro  Mufioz,  Tucuman  2). 

*Agriornis  montana  leucura  Gould0.     PATAGONIAN  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Agriornis  leucurus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  6,  pi.  13,  Jan.  1839 
(type  from  Port  Desire,  Patagonia  in  British  Museum  examined) ;  BRIDGES, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  p.  94,  1841 — Chile,  near  the  summit  of  the  Andes,  between 
34°  and  35°  s.  lat.;  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Challao,  Sierra 

•  The  localities  La  Paz  and  Sicasica,  not  represented  by  specimens  in  D'Orbigny's 
collection  refer,  of  course,  to  A .  m.  intermedia. 

b  Birds  from  Argentina  are  identical  with  the  Bolivian  ones. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Vacas  (Cochabamba)  i,  Santa  Cruz  i,  Chuqui- 
saca 4.  Argentina:  Maimara,  Jujuy  2,  Tilcara,  Jujuy  i,  Lara,  Tucuman  3,  Las 
Cienagas  i,  Cerro  Munoz  4. 

0  Agriornis  montana  leucura  GOULD:  Easily  distinguished  from  A.  m.  montana 
by  its  very  much  darker,  browner  (between  "drab"  and  "hair  brown")  under  parts, 


8      FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

de  Mendoza  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2, 
p.  459,  1861 — Sierra  de  Uspallata,  Mendoza;  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  CL,  10, 
p.  LXIV,  1900 — Port  Desire  (diag.). 

Agriornis  poliosoma  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  LV,  1900 — Arroyo  Gio 
= Arroyo  Else,  Patagonia  (type  in  Princeton  University  Museum  examined). 

Agriornis  fulvicrissalis  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  63,  p.  303,  1915 — "Paraguay" 
=  Prov.  Buenos  Aires"  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Agriornis  maritimus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  GOULD  in  Darwin, 
Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  57,  Nov.  1839 — part,  coa:=t  of  Patagonia  and  eastern  side 
of  the  Cordillera  of  central  Chile;  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  u,  p.  in,  1843 — 
elevated  valleys  of  the  Andes  of  Chile  on  the  east  and  west  side;  PELZELN, 
Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  78,  1865 — Chile;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1878, 
P-  394 — Tombo  Point,  Chubut  (spec,  examined). 

Dasycephala  maritime.  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  29,  (i),  p.  137, 
1863 — Cordillera  of  Santiago. 

Agriornis  maritima  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  325 — Andes  of  Chile;  BAR- 
ROWS, Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  137,  1883 — Sierra  de  la  Ventana,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  112, 
1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  6,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d, 
f-k,  Chile,  Argentine  Pampas,  Tombo  Point,  Port  Desire  (spec,  examined); 
BURMEISTER,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  3,  p.  316,  1890 — Rio  Chico  del  Chu- 
but; GOSSE  in  Fitzgerald,  The  Highest  Andes,  p.  347,  1899 — Aconcagua 
Valley,  Lujan,  Puente  del  Inca,  Mendoza  (spec,  examined) ;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  315,  1910 — part,  Patagonia,  Sierra  de  Uspallata, 
Cord,  de  Mendoza,  Sierra  dela  Ventana;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  I,  p.  150,  1918 — 
Mendoza;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  183,  1924 — Cordillera  of 
Aconcagua;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  643,  1924 — 
Sierra  de  la  Ventana. 

Agriornis  maritima  leucurus  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cor- 
doba, 10,  p.  401,  1890 — Sierra  of  Cordoba. 

Agriornis  leucura  SALVADORI,  Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva,  40,  p.  616, 
1900 — Santa  Cruz  (crit.,  diag.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  315,  1910 — Patagonia. 

Agriornis  montana  leucura  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  319,  1923 — 
Huanuluan  and  Escorial,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined). 

sometimes  with  a  slaty  cast;  deeper  buff  anal  region,  under  tail-  and  under  wing- 
coverts;  darker  sides  of  head  and  neck;  more  sooty,  less  brownish  upper  parts* 
Wing  (adult  male)  130-135;  tail  101-108;  bill  25^-28. 

Birds  from  Patagonia  (types  of  A.  leucurus  and  A.  poliosoma),  Rio  Negro  (Huanu- 
luan), Mendoza  (Puente  del  Inca),  and  Buenos  Aires  (Sierra  Ventana)  agree  very 
well  together.  A  small  ^series  from  central  Chile  does  not  appear  to  be  separable 
either,  although  some  specimens  are  not  quite  so  dark  below  as  the  average  from 
Argentina. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Port  Desire  2,  Santa  Cruz  i,  Arroyo  Else  i, 
Tombo  Point  i,  Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro  2,  Pampas  Argentines  i,  Puente  del  Inca, 
Mendoza  4,  Challao,  Mendoza  i,  Sierra  Ventana,  Buenos  Aires  i,  "Paraguay"  i. 
Chile:  Sewell,  O'Higgins  2,  central  Chile  2,  unspecified  3. 

•  The  locality  "  Paraguay"  is  most  certainly  erroneous.  The  type,  purchased  from 
a  dealer,  shows  the  same  preparation  as  a  number  of  skins  labeled  Prov.  Buenos 
Aires"  which  the  late  Count  Berlepsch  obtained  from  the  same  source. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  9 

Agriornis  maritima  maritima  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  34,  1916 — Precor- 

dillera  of  Mendoza. 
Agriornis  montana  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  297,  1926 — above  Potrerillos  and  El  Salto,  Mendoza; 

idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  446,  1926 — Cerro  Aspero  (Rio  Negro) 

and  Lago  del  Condor,  Cholila  (Chubut). 

Range:  Southern  Argentina,  from  Santa  Cruz  north  to  Mendoza, 
Cordoba,  and  Buenos  Aires  (Sierra  de  la  Ventana),  and  Andes  of  central 
Chile,  from  Colchagua  to  Aconcagua. 

2:    Chile  (Sewell,  O'Higgins  2). 

*Agriornis  albicauda  (Philippi  and  Landbeck)*.  WHITE-TAILED  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Dasycephala  albicauda  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK",  Arch.  Naturg.,  29  (i),  p.  132, 
1 863 — one  of  the  valleys  of  the  Cordilleras  of  Peru  =  Prov.  Tacna,  Chile. 

Agriornis  andicola  (not  Pepoaza  andecola  D'ORBIGNY  1839)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  28,  p.  78,  1860 — Panza,  Chimborazo,  Ecuador  (type  in  British  Museum 
examined);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  92,  1860 — Calacali,  north  of  Quito. 

Agriornis  pollens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  153 — new  name  for  A.  andi- 
cola preoccupied;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  677 — Ccachupata  (spec, 
in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  185,  1884 — 
Ccachupata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  7,  pi.  i,  1888 — Chim- 
borazo, Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  p.  465,  466,  1907 — Ccachu- 
pata, Lucre  (near  Cuzco),  Huamachuco,  Cajamarca,  Tulpo,  Peru,  and  Iquico, 
Bolivia;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  I,  p.  24,  1909 — Cerro  Muiioz,  Tucumdn; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  314,  1910 — Cerro  Munoz; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  86,  1921 — La  Raya,  Peru;  LONN- 
BERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  71,  1922 — liana,  near  Taguar- 
cocha,  Ecuador. 

Agriornis  insolens  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  10,  1895 — part,  female  from  Caja- 
marca (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Ecuador,  Peru,  western  Bolivia  (Iquico, 
Illimani),  northern  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna),  and  (?)  northwestern  Argentina 
(Cerro  Munoz,  Prov.  Tucumdn). 

4:  Peru  (Cajamarca  i;  Mountains  near  Otuzco  i;  La  Quinua  i); 
Chile  (Putre,  Tacna  i). 

»  Agriornis  albicauda  (PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK),  while  superficially  resembling  A . 
montana  insolens  in  general  aspect  and  white  lateral  rectrices,  differs,  nevertheless, 
very  conspicuously  by  larger  size,  particularly  longer  tail,  heavier  bill  with  pale 
lower  mandible,  and  much  wider,  blackish  instead  of  brown  streaks  on  throat. 
Wing  (male)  140-150,  (female)  125-135;  tail  120-128,  (female)  105-118;  bill  26-29. 

The  type  of  A.  pollens  agrees  with  Peruvian  specimens,  but  is  slightly  larger, 
while  a  single  male  from  Putre  (Tacna)  is  smaller  (wing  135;  tail  no)  and  more 
grayish  both  above  and  below. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador,  Panza  i.  Peru:  Tulpo  2,  Huamachuco  i, 
Cajamarca  2,  mountains  near  Otuzco  i,  La  Quinua  i,  Ccachupata  i,  Lucre  (Cuzco) 
i.  Bolivia:  Iquico  (Illimani)  i.  Chile:  Putre,  Tacna  i. 

b  Mr.  K.  P.  Schmidt  who  on  his  recent  visit  very  kindly  compared  the  type  in 
the  National  Museum  at  Santiago  found  it  to  agree  with  our  specimen  from  Putre. 


io    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  XOLMIS  Boie. 

Xolmis  BOIE,  Isis,  1826,  i,  p.  973 — proposed  for  Azara's  "Pepoazas,"  type  by 
tautonomy  "Pepoaza"  Azara,  No.  201  =*  Tyrannus  cincreus  VIEILLOT". 

Nengetus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  166,  1827 — type  by  orig.  desig.  "Tyran~ 
nus  Nengeta  Sw.  Monog."b  =  Tyrannus  cinereus  VIEILLOT. 

Taenioptera  BONAPARTE",  Ann.  Stor.  Nat.  Bologna,  4,  p.  194,  Nov.  1830 — type 
by  orig.  desig.  Muscicapa  taenioptera  BONAPARTE  =  Tyrannus  cinereus  VIEIL- 
LOT. 

Pepoaza  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  61, 
1837 — type  by  tautonomy  "Le  Pepoaza  proprement  dit"  of  Azara  = 
Muscicapa  polyglotta  LICHTENSTEIN  =  Tyrannus  cinereus  VIEILLOT. 

Hemipenthica  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  43,  1859 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Tyrannus  irupero  VIEILLOT. 

Pyrope  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  45,  1859 — type  Muscicapa  pyrope 
KITTLITZ. 

*Xolmis  cinerea  (  Vieillot}.    GRAY  PEPOAZA. 

Tyrannus  cinereus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  ele"m.,  p.  68,  1816 — 'TAme'- 

rique  me"ridionale." 
Tyrannus  pepoaza  ViEiLLOTd,  Tabl.  enc.  m6th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  93,  p.  855,  1823 — 

based  on  Azara,  No.  201,  Paraguay. 
Muscicapa  polyglotta  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  54,  1823 — 

Sao  Paulo;  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  18,  pi.  24,  1825 — Sao  Paulo;  WIED,  Beitr. 

Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  p.  862,  1831 — Ressaque,  near  Vareda,  Minas  Geraes. 
Muscicapa  taenioptera  BONAPARTE,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  4,  p.  380,  1825 — 

South  America. 
Tyrannus  albicottis   (not   Tyrannus  albicollis  VIEILLOT   1819)   LESSON,   Traite1 

d'Orn.,  p.  383,  1831 — no  locality  given  (type  from  Minas  Geraes  in  Paris 

Museum  examined);  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  370,  1855 — Brazil 

(crit.). 
Taenioptera  cinerea  obscura  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I, 

p.  341,  1916 — Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia. 
Tyrannus  nengeta  (not  Lanius  nengeta  LINNAEUS")  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci., 

Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst.,  20,  No.  40,  p.  279,  1826 — Brazil  (descr.). 

•The  same  species,  M.  polyglotta  "Spix"  was  designated  as  genotype  by  Gray 
(1840,  p.  29). 

b  =  Tyrannus  nengeta  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst., 
20,  p.  279,  1826. 

c  Although  universally  quoted  from  1825,  this  name  does  not  occur  in  Bonaparte's 
paper  in  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  4,  p.  370-387,  and  was  obviously  not  proposed 
in  a  generic  sense  until  1830.  I  am  under  great  obligations  to  Dr.  C.  W.  Richmond 
for  his  assistance  in  tracing  Taenioptera  to  its  earliest  source. 

d  In  Nouv.  Diet.  Nat.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  &i.,  35,  p.  91,  1819,  Vieillot  used  only 
the  French  vernacular  name. 

8  Lanius  nengeta  LINNAEUS  (Syst.  Nat.,  i2th  ed.,  I,  p.  135,  1766)  appears  to  me 
unidentifiable.  It  was  based  on  Marcgrave's  "Guiraru  Nheengeta"  and  Edwards's 
pi.  318.  The  former  is  described  as  having  white  upper  tail-coverts,  which  is  cer- 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  n 

Pepoaza  polyglotta  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  62,  1837 — Corrientes,  and  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am^r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  346,  1839 — same  localities. 

Xolmis  nengeta  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  54,  1839 — Maldonado, 
Uruguay. 

Taenioptera  nengeta  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  516,  1856 — 
Brazil  (habits);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Parand;  idem,  Reise  La 
Plata  St.,  2,  p.  459,  1861 — Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires,  Parana;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  97,  1868 — Taubate",  Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  and  Postinho, 
Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  359 — Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Lagoa  Santa,  Barbacena,  and  Paracatti, 
Minas  Geraes;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Ri°  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  8,  p.  79,  1876 — near  Anjos,  Maraj6; 
DALGLEISH,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edinb.,  6,  p.  243,  pi.  7,  fig.  i  (egg),  1881 — 
Est.  de  la  Tala,  Uruguay;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  603 — San  Javier, 
Misiones;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  137,  1883 — Concepcion, 
Entrerios;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  127,  1885 — 
Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12,  1887 — 
Lambare1,  Paraguay;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  114,  1888 
(habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  n,  1888 — Rio,  Maldonado, 
Bolivia;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  464 — Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires; 
RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  269,  1890 — Santarem;  STEMPELMANN  and 
SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  BOUCARD  and 
BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  331,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  KERR, 
Ibis,  1892,  p.  129 — near  Fortin  Donovan,  Rio  Pilcomayo;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894, 
p.  175,  pi.  5,  fig.  3,  4  (eggs) — Arroyo  Grande,  Santa  Elena,  Santa  Ana,  Rio 
Negro,  Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  9, 
1895 — Villa  Rica  and  Paraguari,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  n, 
1897 — Caiza,  Bolivia;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  177,  1899 — Sao  Paulo; 
idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  124,  1899 — Mundo  Novo, 
Pedras  Brancas;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Villa  Concepcion,  near  Caraya 
Vuelta,  and  Paraguayan  Chaco;  LELLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  182, 
1902 — Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  46,  1905 — Rio 
Sali;  MIRANDA,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  184,  1906 — Retiro  do 
Ramos,  Itatiaya;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  256,  1907 — Ypiranga, 
Batataes,  Sao  Jos6  do  Rio  Pardo,  Caconde,  Iguap£,  and  Itarar6,  Sao  Paulo; 
REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  70,  1910 — Chapada 
da  Varzea  Grande,  Sao  Antonio  de  Gilboez,  and  littoral  of  Piauhy  (spec, 
examined);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  571 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911, 
p.  no — Los  Ynglases  (Aj6)  and  Riacho  Ancho  (Chaco);  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  479,  497,  1912 — Vera  Guarany, 
Parana;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  398 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires. 

Taenioptera  cinerea  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  467,  1907  (crit.);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  40,  1908 — Goyaz,  Fazenda  Esperanca,  and  Rio  Thesouras, 
Goyaz;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  189,  1909 — La  Soledad  (Entrerios), 

tainly  not  the  case  in  X.  cinerea,  while  the  plate  in  the  "Gleanings  of  Natural  His- 
tory," from  which  Linnaeus's  diagnosis  seems  to  have  been  taken,  looks  more  like 
one  of  the  Brazilian  Mockingbirds. 


12     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mocovi  and  San  Lorenzo  (Santa  F6);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  p.  315,  1910 — Tucuman,  Chaco,  Entrerios;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  324,  1912 — 
Villa  Rica  and  Itape-mini,  Paraguay;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523, 
1913 — Iriri  and  Maraj6;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  377,  1914 — Rio  Iriri 
(Bocca  do  Curua)  and  Cachoeira,  Maraj6;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55, 
1914 — Alto  Parand;  AMBROSETTI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  37,  1917 — Mor6n, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  I.e.,  p.  78,  1918 — Curuzii  Cuatid,  Corrientes; 
TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Canelones,  Minas,  Florida,  Treinta  y  Tres, 
Cerro  Largo,  Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires; 
MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  644,  1924 — Buenos  Aires; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  324,  1925 — Corrientes  and  Chiquitos  (crit., 
range). 

Taenioptera  cinerea  cinerea  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  298,  1926 — 
Las  Palmas  (Chaco),  Riacho  Pilaga  (Formosa),  and  San  Vicente,  Uruguay. 

Range:  Campos  of  Brazil,  from  Maraj6  and  the  Iriri  (an  affuent 
of  the  Xingti)  south  to  Mattogrosso  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Uruguay; 
Paraguay ;  eastern  Bolivia ;  Argentina,  from  Tucuman  down  to  Santa  F6, 
Corrientes,  Entrerios,  and  Buenos  Airesa. 

16:  Brazil  (Codo,  Maranhao  2;  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  4; 
Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  3);  Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  F6  i; 
Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  i);  Uruguay  (near  San  Vicente  2,  Arroyo 
Garzon  i,  Quebrada  de  los  Cuervos  2). 

*Xolmis  velata  (Lichtenstein] .    VEILED  PEPOAZA. 

Muscicapa  velata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  54,  1823 — Sao 
Paulo;  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  17,  pi.  22,  1825 — Sao  Paulo;  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg. 
Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  859,  1831 — boundary  line  of  Minas  Geraes  and  Bahia. 

Pepoaza  velata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  62,  1837 — Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Am&r.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  347,  1839 — Santa  Cruz. 

Taenioptera  velata  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  516,  1856 — Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  577 — 
Mexiana;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  97,  1868 — ''Rio  Janeiro,"  Irisanga, 

B  Birds  from  the  interior  of  Bahia  and  adjacent  states  (obscura  CORY)  are  identical, 
in  size  and  coloration,  with  others  from  Sao  Paulo  and  Rio  (which  we  may  regard  as 
representing  typical  cinerea),  and  five  skins  from  Argentina  (Corrientes,  Entrerios, 
Santa  F<§).  Three  from  Paraguay  dp  not  appear  to  be  different  either.  A  small 
series  from  Matto  Grosso  and  Bolivia  (Chiquitos)  average  slightly  paler,  but  the 
variation  is  insignificant.  Two  adult  females  (in  worn  plumage)  from  Espirito 
Santo,  Maraj6  are  somewhat  smaller  (wing  125-126  against  130-137),  though  two 
from  Maranhao  are  hardly  larger  (wing  127,  129). 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Espirito  Santo,  Maraj6  2;  Cod6,  Maranhao  2, 
Miritiba,  Maranhao  i ;  Piauhy  4;  Porto  Real,  Rio  i ;  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  4,  Matto- 
dentro  i,  Postinho  i,  Taubat6  3;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Sao 
Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  4;  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  3;  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  5. 
Paraguay:  Concepcion  i,  Bernalcu£,  near  Asunci6n  2.  Bolivia:  Chiquitos  2. 
Argentina:  Corrientes  i,  Entrerios  2,  Ocampo,  Santa  F6  2,  Misiones  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  13 

Cubatao,  Rio  das  Pedras,  Nas  Lages,  and  Rio  Parana  (Sao  Paulo),  Cuyabd 
and  Cidade  de  Matto  Grosso,  Matto  Grosso;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd. 
naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  360 — Minas  Geraes;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  8, 
p.  79,  1876 — Anjos,  Maraj6;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  12,  1888 — 
Brazil  and  Bolivia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — 
"Lake  Titicaca"  (error);  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Cachoeira  and  Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  178,  1899 — Sao  Paulo; 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  648,  1906 — • 
Brazil;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  257,  1907 — Capivari,  Bauru,  Campos 
do  Jordao,  Batataes,  Victoria  do  Botucatii,  Franca,  and  Barretos  (Sao 
Paulo),  Porto  da  Faya  (Matto  Grosso);  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.), 
26,  p.  29,  1909 — Mexiana;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  71,  1910 — Fazenda  do  S5o  Antonio,  Lagoa  Bocca  da  Catinga  de 
Cima  and  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia),  Chapada  da  Varzea  Grande, 
Piauhy;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2, 
p.  129,  1912 — Cachoeira,  Maraj6;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523,  1913 — 
north  bank  of  lower  Amazon;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  377,  1914 — 
Maraj6  (Rio  Arary,  S.  Natal,  Pindobal),  Mexiana,  Erere",  and  Rio  Maecurti; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  325,  1925 — Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  and  the  north  bank  of  the 
lower  Amazon  (Erere*,  Rio  Maecuru)  south  to  Minas  Geraes,  Sao  Paulo, 
and  Matto  Grosso,  and  eastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Santa  Cruz)a. 

13:  Brazil  (Cod6,  Cocos,  Maranhao  2;  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto, 
Bahia  2;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes  2;  Piraputanga, 
Matto  Grosso  2);  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  5). 

*Xolmis  dominicana  (  Vieillof).     DOMINICAN  PEPOAZA. 

Tyrannus  dominicanus  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  me'th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  93,  p.  856,  1823 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  203,  Paraguay,  north  of  27°  latitude. 

Tyrannus  albogriseus  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  p.  383,  1831 — the  type  examined  in 
the  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by  A.  de  Saint-Hilaire  at  Boavista,  State  of 
Parana,  Brazil  ;  =  9  ;  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  370,  1855 — Brazil 
(crit.). 

Fluvicola  azarae  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  53,  p.  10,  July  1839 
— banks  of  the  Plata  (descr.  of). 

Muscicapa  picata  (CuviER  MS.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  333,  1855 — 
Montevideo  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined ;  =  a"). 

Pepoaza  dominicana  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn,  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  62,  1837 — Buenos  Aires,  Montevideo,  Maldonado;  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Ame'r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  347,  1839 — same  localities,  Corrientes  (spec, 
examined). 

Taenioptera  dominicana  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Parana; 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  460,  1861 — Banda  Oriental  and  Corrientes, 

"Material  examined. — Brazil:  Maraj6  5,  Maranhao  2,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  5, 
Minas  Geraes  6,  Sao  Paulo  5,  Matto  Grosso  2.  Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  3,  Buena- 
vista 5. 


14    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

less  common  near  Parana;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  97,  1868 — Porto  do 
Rio  Jaguaraiba,  Faz.  do  Joaquim  Carneiro  [  =  Boa  vista),  Murungaba,  and 
Curytiba,  Parana  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1869,  p.  632 — Conchitas  (note  on  sexual  difference);  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870, 
p.  546 — La  Plata;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  176 — Buenos  Aires;  DOERING 
in  Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  i,  p.  42,  1881 — Sierras  de  Azul  and 
Currumalan,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  38 — 
La  Plata,  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  139,  1883 — 
Sierras  of  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  279 — Paysandu, 
Uruguay;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  128,  1885 — Ta- 
quara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  117,  1888 
(habits);  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  464 — Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires; 
HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1891,  p.  16;  1892,  p.  199 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires; 
KERR,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  129 — Fortin  Page,  Rio  Pilcomayo;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  P-  17& 
— Uruguay;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  124,  1899 — 
Mundo  Novo;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Paraguayan  Chaco;  HARTERT  and 
VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  190,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  p.  316,  1910  (range  in  Argen- 
tina); GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  no — Luiconia,  Aj6;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55, 
1914 — Asuncion ;HussEY,  Auk, 33,  p. 392,  1916 — La  Plata;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918, 
P-  398 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero, 
2,  p.  20,  1920 — Canelones,  Minas,  Cerro  Largo,  Uruguay;  MARELLI,  Mem. 
Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  644,  1924 — Lomas  de  Zamora  and  Curruma- 
lan, Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  325,  1925 — Buenos 
Aires  and  Corrientes. 

Range:  Extreme  southern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Parana  and  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul) ;  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  eastern  Argentina,  from  the  Chaco 
through  Santa  Fe  and  Corrientes  to  southern  Buenos  Airesa. 

i:  Uruguay  (north  of  San  Vicente  de  Castillos  i). 

*Xolmis  coronata  (  Vieillot}.    BLACK-CROWNED  PEPOAZA. 

Tyrannus  coronatus  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  me"th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  93,  p.  855,  1823 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  202,  Paraguay  and  La  Plata  River. 

Muscicapa  vittigera  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  54,  Sept.  1823 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  202,  Paraguay. 

Pepoaza  coronata  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  350,  1839 — Buenos 
Aires. 

Xolmis  coronata  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  54,  1839 — near  Santa  Fe",  on  the 
Parand. 

Taenioptera  coronata  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Montevideo  and 
Parana;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  459,  1861 — same  localities;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141 — Conchitas;  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870, 
p.  546 — two  hundred  miles  west  of  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  548 — 
Rio  Negro;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  176 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires;  DOERING 

•Material  examined. — Brazil:  Parana  7,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  i.  Argentina: 
Buenos  Aires  i.  Uruguay:  Montevideo  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  15 

in  Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  i,  p.  42,  1881 — north  of  the  Rio 
Colorado;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  603 — Floras,  Buenos  Aires;  BAR- 
ROWS, Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  138,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  SCLATER 
and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  115,  1888  (habits);  BURMEISTER,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  3,  p.  68,  1888 — Bahia  Blanca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  12,  1888 — Parana,  Cosquin,  Conchitas,  Mendoza;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis, 
1888,  p.  464 — Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ, 
Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1890, 
p.  425;  1891,  p.  16,  17;  1892,  p.  199 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  Kos- 
LOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  279,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  290 — Catamarca;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  183,  1902 — 
Tucuman;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  219,  1904 — Tapia,  Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc., 
3,  p.  46,  1905 — Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  189, 
1909 — San  Vicente  (Santa  F£)  and  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  316,  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55, 
1914 — Paraguay;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  34,  1916 — La  Paz,  Men- 
doza; AMBROSETTI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  37,  1917 — Mor6n,  Buenos  Aires; 
MARELLI,  I.e.,  p.  78,  1918 — Curuzii  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  SANZIN,  I.e.,  p.  150, 
1918 — Alto  Verde,  Mendoza;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Canelones, 
Florida,  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1922 — Santa 
Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  70,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e., 
p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya  and  Conhello,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min. 
Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  644,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  328,  1925 — Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
I33>  P-  299,  1926 — Victorica,  Pampa. 

Range :  Eastern  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz  de  fa  Sierra) ;  northern  Argen- 
tina, from  Salta  and  Tucuman  south  to  Mendoza  and  the  Rio  Negro, 
east  to  Entrerios  and  Corrientes;  Paraguay;  Uruguay8. 

8:  Argentina  (Yacuiba,  Salta  i;  Noetinger,  F.  C.  C.  A.,  Cordoba 
4;  Concepcion,  Tucuman  3). 

*Xolmis  irupero  irupero  (  V-ieillot).    WIDOW  PEPOAZA. 

Tyrannus  irupero  VIELLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  m£th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  93,  p.  856,  1823 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  204,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  moesta  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  54,  1823 — 
Montevideo. 

Pepoaza  irupero  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  62,  1837 — Chiquitos  and  Corrientes  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Ame"r.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  p.  348,  1839 — La  Plata,  Chiquitos. 

Fluvicola  irupero  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  53,  1839 — Banda  Oriental  and 
Santa  F6. 

•  Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  i  (  9  ad.,  July  20,  1909. 
J.  Steinbach,  Coll.  Carnegie  Museum).  Argentina:  Buenos  Aires  i;  Noetinger, 
Prov.  Cordoba  4;  Corral,  Prov.  Santiago  del  Estero  i;  Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman  2; 
Concepcion,  Tucuman  3;  Yacuiba,  Salta  i. 


1 6    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Taenioptera  moesta  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  517,  1856 — "in  St. 
Paulo  and  St.  Catharina  bis  nach  Montevideo";  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247, 
1860 — Argentina;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  460 — Argentina  (egg  descr.); 
DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,*  Corrientes. 

Taenioptera  irupero  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond,.i868,  p.  141 — Conchitas; 
HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  546 — Buenos  Aires;  DOERING  in  Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp. 
Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  i,  p.  42,  1881 — north  of  the  Rio  Colorado;  DALGLEISH, 
Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  6,  p.  244,  pi.  7,  fig.  2  (egg),  1881 — Est.  de  la 
Tala,  Uruguay;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  603 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala 
(Catamarca),  Concepcion  (Misiones);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8, 
p.  139,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12, 
1887 — Lambare1,  Paraguay;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  118,  1888 
— Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  13,  1888 — La  Plata, 
Cosquin  (Cordoba),  Catamarca,  Paysandti,  Bolivia;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis, 
1888,  p.  465 — Lomas  de  Zamora,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — "Valparaiso"  (!);  STEMPELMANN  and 
SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  KERR,  Ibis, 
1892,  p.  129 — Lower  Pilcomayo;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  *?6 — Santa  Elena, 
Uruguay;  HOLLAND,  I.e.,  1895,  p.  215 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  KOSLOWSKY, 
Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  279,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  9,  1895 — Puerto  Pagani,  Paraguay;  idem, 
I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  ii,  1897 — San  Francisco,  Bolivia;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  225 — north  bank  of  Paraguay  River  opposite  Villa  Concepcion;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  183,  1902 — Tucuman;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903, 
p.  469 — Tatarenda  and  Pilcomayo,  Bolivian  Chaco;  BAER,  Ornis,  12  p.  219, 
1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — 
Lerma,  Salta;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  46,  1905 — Tucuman;  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  257,  1907 — Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  HARTERT  and 
VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  190,  1909 — Paraguay,  Entrerios  (La  Soledad), 
Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  316, 
1910  (range  in  Argentina);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  572 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  in — Tayni  and  Villa  Franca  (Paraguay),  Colonia 
Mihanovitch  (Terr.  Formosa) ;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55, 1914 — Paraguay; 
REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  34,  1916 — Lavalle,  Mendoza;  MARELLI,  El 
Hornero,  i,  p.  78,  1918 — Curuzii  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  236, 
1919 — Isla  Martin  Garcia;  TREMOLERAS,  l.c.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Canelones, 
Florida,  Flores,  Minas,  Cerro  Largo,  Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3, 
p.  49,  1922 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja; 
MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  644,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos 
Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  325,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Corrientes  (range 
part,  excl.  Brazil);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  299,  1926 — 
Argentina  (range,  habits). 

Range :  Eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos ;  Trinidad,  Rio  Mamore") ;  Argen- 
tina, from  the  northern  boundary  line  south  to  Mendoza,  Cordoba,  and 
Buenos  Aires;  Paraguay;  Uruguay,  and  extreme  southern  Brazil  (Pelo- 
tas, Rio  Grande  do  Sul)». 

•Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Chiquitos  i,  Trinidad  i.  Paraguay:  Puerto 
Pagani  i,  Concepcion  5.  Argentina:  Corrientes  i,  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  2,  Cosquin, 
Cordoba  2,  Noetinger,  Cordoba  4,  Tucuman  15,  Oran,  Salta  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  17 

21 :  Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucuman  12;  El  Carrizal,  Sierra  de 
Cordoba  i;  Noetinger,  F.C.C.A.,  Cordoba  3);  Bolivia  (Trinidad,  Rio 
Mamore*  i);  Uruguay  (Polanco  i,  near  San  Vicente  i,  north  of  San 
Carlos  i,  los  Cuervos  i). 

*Xolmis  irupero  nivea  (Spix)*.    Rio  SAN  FRANCISCO  PEPOAZA. 

Muscicapa  nivea  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  20,  pi.  29,  fig.  i,  1825 — near  Joazeiro,  Rio 

Sao  Francisco,  Bahia. 
Taenioptera  irupero  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist. 

Foren.,   1870,  p.  358 — Chique-Chique;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr. 

Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  653,  1906  (crit.);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  438, 

477,  1914 — Cidade  da  Barra,  Bahia  (egg  descr.). 
Taenioptera  irupuero  REISER,  Denks.   math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 

p.  71,  1910 — Joazeiro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  (Joazeiro,  Chique  Chique, 
Barra,  Rio  Sao  Francisco;  Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas)  and  Cearab. 
4:    Brazil  (Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas,  Bahia  4). 

*Xolmis  murina  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny),     MOUSE-BROWN  PEPOAZA. 

Pepoaza  murina  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
p.  63,  1837 — Patagonia  =Rio  Negro  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  348,  1839 — Rio  Negro. 

Taenioptera  murina  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  A.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  541 — Rio  Negro;  SCLATER, 
I.e.,  p.  548 — Rio  Negro;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  460 — Cordoba;  WHITE,  I.e.,  1883, 
p.  38 — Cosquin,  Cordoba;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  119,  1888 — 
Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  15,  1888 — Cosquin,  Cordoba, 
Rio  Negro;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401, 
1890 — Cordoba;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito, 
La  Rioja;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  290,  1895 — Catamarca;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  n,  1897 — San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy),  Tala  (Salta);  HOL- 
LAND, Ibis,  1897,  p.  167 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios  (spec,  examined);  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  p.  183, 1902 — environs  of  Tucuman  City ;  idem, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  190,  1909 — Tucuman,  and  Valle  de  Lerma,  Salta  (spec, 
examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  316,  1910  (range); 

*  Xolmis  irupero  nivea  (Spix) :  Very  similar  to  X .  i.  irupero,  but  black  terminal 
portion  of  the  rectrices  slightly  more  extensive,  especially  on  the  central  pair  where 
it  measures  from  15  to  18  mm.  (against  10  to  14  mm.  in  irupero).  Besides,  the  tail 
appears  to  be  less  deeply  forked,  and  the  bill  is  generally  smaller,  although  typical 
irupero  is  exceedingly  variable  in  this  respect.  Wing  (two  adult  males)  109,  no; 
tail  76;  bill  14,  15. 

This  form  is  perhaps  not  properly  separable,  but  pending  more  satisfactory  mate- 
rial (the  majority  of  the  available  specimens  being  immature)  it  is  provisionally 
admitted  in  view  of  its  widely  separated  range. 

Material  examined. — Joazeiro  (including  the  type)  4,  Rio  do  Peixe  4. 

b  A  young  bird  of  the  unmistakable  Ceara  preparation  in  the  Berlepsch  Collec- 
tion examined. 


i8    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  34,  1916 — plains  of  Prov.  Mendoza;  AMBRO- 
SETTI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  37,  1917 — Mor6n,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SANZIN, 
I.e.,  2,  p.  150,  1918 — Las  Catitas  and  Alto  Verde,  Mendoza;  GIACOMELLI, 
I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  320, 
1923 — San  Antonio,  Rio  Negro;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  644,  1924 — Timote  and  Mor6n,  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32, 
P-  327,  1925 — Rio  Negro  (range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p. 
301,  1926 — General  Roca,  Rio  Negro,  and  near  Ingeniero  White,  Buenos 
Aires;  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  447,  1926 — Cabeza  de  Vaca  and 
San  Antonio  Oeste,  Rio  Negro. 

Pyrope  murina  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  196,  1878 — Cordoba. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (Valle  Grande,  Buenavista)  and  Argen- 
tina, from  Jujuy  and  Salta  south  the  Rio  Negro8. 

5 :  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  2) ;  Argentina  (Noetinger, 
F.C.C.A.,  Cordoba  3). 

Xolmis  rubetra  (Burmeister).    CHAT-LIKE  PEPOAZA. 

Taenioptera  rubetra  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — "Sierra  de  Men- 
doza", lapsu  (type  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2, 
p.  461,  1 86 1 — in  the  pampa  south  of  Mendoza,  around  San  Carlos  and  Totoral; 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  59  (crit.);  HUDSON  and  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872, 
p.  541,  548 — Rio  Negro;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  34;  1878,  p.  394 — Chubut; 
HOLMBERG,  Act.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  5,  p.  79,  1884 — between  Ayacucho 
and  Tandil,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  120, 
pi.  7,  1888 — Argentina  (habits) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  16,  1888 — 
Rio  Negro,  Chubut;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — Lomas  de  Zamora, 
Buenos  Aires;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 
p.  401,  1890 — Pampas  of  Cordoba;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1896,  p.  316 — Est.  Santa 
Elena,  Entrerios;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  190,  1909 — 
Bahia  Blanca,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
P-  317,  1910  (range);  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  150,  1918 — La  Paz,  Mendoza; 
SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1922 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  HINCHLIFF, 
I.e.,  p.  190,  1923 — Santi  Spiritu,  Santa  F£;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  320,  1923 — Huanuluan  and  Maquinchao,  Gob.  Rio  Negro;  MARELLI, 
Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  645,  1924 — Bahia  Blanca;  WETMORE, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  301,  1926 — Rio  Negro,  Neuquen,  and  Bahia 
Blanca,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  448,  1926 — San 
Antonio  Oeste  and  Arroyo  Seco,  Rio  Negro. 

*  The  species  appears  to  nest  in  the  southern  provinces  (Mendoza,  Neuquen,  Rio 
Negro),  migrating  northwards  after  the  breeding  season.  The  only  birds  in  worn 
breeding  plumage  I  have  seen  were  taken  on  the  Rio  Limay,  Neuquen  in  December. 
The  numerous  examples  from  Entrerios,  Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Salta  and  Bolivia, 
without  exception  in  fresh  plumage,  were  all  obtained  between  March  and  October. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Valle  Grande  (June)  i,  Buenavista  (June)  2. 
Argentina:  Tucuman  (May,  June,  July)  7,  Rio  Sali,  Tucumdn  (July)  i,  Los  Vasques, 
Tucuman  (August)  i;  Valle  de  Lerma,  Salta  (June)  2;  Noetinger,  Cordoba  (August) 
3;  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios  (May)  i;  Rio  Limay,  Neuquen  (December)  3;  Rio  Negro 
(no  date)  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  19 

Range:    Argentina,  from  Mendoza,  Cordoba,  Santa  Fe",  and  Entre- 
rios  south  to  the  Chubut'. 

*Xolmis  pyrope  (Kittlitz).    FIRE-EYED  PEPOAZA. 

Muscicapa  pyrope  KITTLITZ,  Me"m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pe"tersb.,  (sav.  e"tr.),  i,  livr.  2, 
p.  191,  pi.  10,  1830 — near  Tome1,  Bay  of  Concepcion,  Chile;  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  17,  1921 — type  in  Leningrad  Museum. 

Pyrope  kittlitzi  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  45,  1859 — new  name  for 
Muscicapa  pyrope  KITTLITZ. 

Taenioptera  pyrope  ignea  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  21,  No.  12,  p.  334 
June  1923 — Laredo  Bay,  Straits  of  Magellan;  idem,  I.e.,  24,  p.  447,  1926 — 
Bariloche  (Rio  Negro)  and  Rio  Fetaleufu  (Chubut). 

Pepoaza  pyrope  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  63,  1837 — Valparaiso;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am^r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  348, 
1 839 — Valparaiso. 

Xolmis  pyrope  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  55,  1839 — Port  Famine,  Tierra  del 
Fuego,  and  along  the  western  coast  as  far  north  as  Copiapo  (egg  descr.); 
FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  in,  1843 — Chile. 

Taenioptera  pyrope  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  1853,  p.  212 — Valdivia;  CASSIN  in 
Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  185,  1855 — Chile;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  311,  1860 — Santiago  (nesting  habits);  PELZELN,  Reise 
Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  76,  1865 — Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  326 — Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  187 — Port  Famine;  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  433 — Sandy  Point;  SHARPE,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  8 — Skyring 
Water,  Straits  of  Magellan;  CABANIS  and  REICHENOW,  Journ.  Orn.,  24,  p.  323, 
1876 — Straits  of  Magellan;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  15,  1888 — 
Chile,  Skyring  Water,  Sandy  Point,  Port  Famine;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  132,  1890 — Laredo  Bay  (Str.  Magellan)  and  Port  Otway, 
Chile;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Scient.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6.  652,  1891 — Punta 
Arenas,  Orange  Bay,  and  Ushuwaia;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  30 — Corral,  Calle- 
Calle,  Valdivia,  Maquegua;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  719,  1898 — 
Villa  Rica,  Lake  Llanquihue",  Punta  Arenas,  Senel  Bay;  SALVADORI,  Ann. 
Mus.  Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva,  (2)  20,  p.  616,  1900 — Punta  Arenas;  ARRIBAL- 
ZAGA,  Ann.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  p.  164, 1 902 — Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut ; 
CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  62,  1907 — Rio  McClelland  Settlement; 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  190,  1909 — Lago  Nahuel  Huapi 
(Neuquen),  Valle  del  Lago  Blanco  (Chubut);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  316,  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat., 
24,  p.  145,  1920 — Nilahue,  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  183,  1923 — Cordillera  of 
Aconcagua;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  326,  1925 — Valparaiso  (range). 

Pyrope  pyrope  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  320,  1923 — Lake  Nahuel 
Huapi  (crit.). 

Taenioptera  pyrope  pyrope  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  301,  1926 — 
Concon,  Chile  (habits). 

'Material  examined. — Mendoza  i  (the  type).    Neuquen:    Mangrullo  i,  Casa 
Lata  i,  Arroytos  i,  La  Picaza  i,  Nogueira  i,  Sierra  de  la  Angostura  2. 


2o     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Tierra  del  Fuego;  Chile,  from  the  Straits  of  Magellan  as 
far  north  as  Copiap6  (Atacama)  and  on  the  Argentine  slope  of  the  Andes 
north  to  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi*. 

29:  Chile  (Melinka,  Ascension  Isl.,  Guaitecas  Islands  3;  Rio  Inio, 
Chiloe  i,  Quellon,  Chiloe  5;  Rifiihue,  Valdivia  i,  Mafil,  Valdivia  9; 
Rio  Colorado,  Malleco  i,  Curacautin,  Malleco  2;  Concepcion  3;  Pilen 
Alto,  Maule  i ;  Romero,  Coquimbo  i) ;  Argentina  (Puesto  Burro,  Chu- 
but  2). 

Genus  MUSCISAXICOLA  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny. 

Muscisaxicola  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  65,  1837 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (Gray,  1840,  p.  24)  Muscisaxicola  rufivertex 
LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

Ptyonura  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  276,  1844 — new  name  for  Muscisaxi- 
cola LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

^Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  rufivertex  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny.    RUF- 

FOUS-CROWNED   GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  66,  1837 — part,  Cobijab,  Prov.  Antofagasta  (types  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  354,  pi.  40,  fig.  2, 
1839 — part,  Cobija;  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  p.  94,  1841 — Andes  of  Chile, 
lat.  34° — 35°,  on  the  east  and  west  sides;  FRASER,  I.e.,  n,  p.  112,  1843 — ele- 
vated Andes  [of  Chile]  near  the  snow;  BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853 — Santiago;  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i, 
Vogel,  p.  68,  1865 — Chile;  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i), 
p.  95,  1865 — Cordilleras  of  Santiago  and  Colchagua  (descr.  adult  and  juv.); 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  58 — part,  Chile;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  326 — 
Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  612 — part,  Cobija;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  134,  1888 — part,  Mendoza  (ex  BURMEISTER); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  58,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Cordillera  of 
Santiago  and  Coquimbo,  Chile;  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4,  p.  159,  1888 — Atacama; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — "Valparaiso";  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  321,  1910 — part,  Cordillera  of  Mendoza; 
REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  35,  1916 — Cordillera  of  Mendoza;  BARROS, 
Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  183,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  337,  1925 — Cobija  (range,  part). 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  sanborni  HELLMAYR °,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 
Zool.  Ser.,  12,  p.  73,  1924 — Romero,  Prov.  Coquimbo,  Chile. 

a  A  series  of  fifteen  specimens  from  Tierra  del  Fuego  ( T.  p.  ignea),  which  I  have 
lately  had  an  opportunity  of  comparing  in  the  Paris  Museum  with  an  equal  number 
out  of  our  Chilean  material  appears  to  be  indistinguishable,  and  two  skins  from 
Puesto  Burro,  Chubut  are  also  perfectly  alike. 

b  See  Hellmayr,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  47,  footnote  i,  1920. 

e  M.  r.  sanborni  was  separated  on  the  assumption  that  a  series  from  the  inner 
districts  of  Antofagasta  (Rio  Loa,  San  Pedro)  represented  typical  rufivertex.  The 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  21 

Ptyonura  rufivertex  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  186,  1855 — Chile; 
BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — foot  of  Sierra  de  Mendoza  (spec, 
in  Halle  Museum  examined) ;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  461,  1861 — same 
locality. 

Range :  Andes  of  Chile,  in  provinces  of  Colchagua,  Santiago,  Acon- 
cagua, Coquimbo,  Atacama,  and  extending  in  the  coast  range  as  far 
north  as  Cojiba  and  Gatico,  Province  of  Antofagasta;  and  Sierra  of 
Mendoza,  western  Argentina. 

20:  Chile  (Bafios  del  Toro,  Coquimbo  3;  Romero,  Coquimbo  6; 
Domeyko,  Atacama  i;  Caldera,  Atacama  4;  Gatico,  Antofagasta  6). 

^Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  pallidiceps  subsp.   nov.a     PALE-CROWNED 
GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY),  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1891,  p.  134 — San  Pablo,  Tarapaca,  part  (spec,  in  British  Museum 
examined);  LSNNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  450 — Moreno,  Jujuy;  BRUCH,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  u,  p.  255,  1904 — Santa  Catalina,  Jujuy;  HARTERT  and  VEN- 
TURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  1 6,  p.  194,  1909 — Cerro  Munoz  (Tucuman),  Cachi  (Salta) 
(spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  321,  1910 — 
part,  Jujuy;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  332,  1925 — part,  Sajama  and  Cerro 
Mufioz. 

Range:  Northern  Chile,  from  the  inner  Cordilleras  of  Antofagasta 
(Rio  Loa,  San  Pedro)  north  to  Tacna;  southwestern  Bolivia,  in  depts. 
Oruro  (Sajama)  and  Potosi  (Potosi);  northwestern  Argentina  (prov. 
Jujuy,  Salta,  and  Tucumanb). 

later  acquisition  of  six  topotypes  from  Gatico,  together  with  a  reexamination  of 
D'Orbigny's  originals  in  the  Paris  Museum,  however,  revealed  the  identity  of  the 
birds  from  the  coast  range  of  Antofagasta  with  those  from  central  Chile,  the  latter 
differing  only  by  slightly  larger  size  and  heavier  bill.  Sanborni,  thus,  becomes  a 
synonym  of  rufivertex,  while  the  form  found  in  the  interior  of  northern  Chile  and 
adjacent  districts  of  Bolivia  and  Argentina  requires  a  new  name. 

Recent  comparison  of  the  adult  male  from  Mendoza  (coll.  Burmeister)  in  the 
Halle  Museum  shows  it  to  be  precisely  similar  to  the  series  from  Coquimbo. 

"  Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  pallidiceps  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro,  alt.  12,600  ft.,  Prov.  Antofagasta, 
Chile,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History  No.  56652.  Adult  male.  May  i,  1924, 
C.  C.  Sanborn.  Similar  to  M.  r.  rufivertex,  but  crown  patch  much  paler,  cinnamon 
instead  of  hazel;  upper  parts  as  a  rule  lighter,  more  purely  gray,  and  size  somewhat 
larger.  Wing  (male)  107-113,  (female)  100-106;  tail  (male)  70-79,  (female)  64-75; 
bill  1 6- 1 8. 

Besides  our  own  series  I  have  examined  an  adult  male  from  San  Pablo,  Tarapaca, 
secured  by  Ambrose  Lane  on  Feb.  20,  1890,  in  the  British  Museum;  four  specimens 
collected  by  Gustav  Garlepp  in  May  and  June  1897  at  Sajama,  Orurp,  Bolivia, 
belonging  to  the  Berlepsch  Collection;  two  (immature)  males  from  Potosi,  obtained 
by  Prof.  Behn  in  March  1847,  in  the  Berlin  Museum;  one  adult  male  from  Cerro 
Munoz,  Tucuman,  alt.  4,000  metr.,  June  3,  1906,  L.  Dinelli,  and  another  from  Cachi, 
Salta,  3,000  metr.,  April  22,  J.  Steinbach,  both  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

b  In  the  absence  of  specimens  I  am  unable  to  allocate  the  references  Ptyonura 
rufivertex  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  1890,  p.  401 
(Sierra  de  Cordoba)  and  Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  1923, 
p.  71  (La  Rioja). 


22     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

14:  Chile  (Rio  Loa,  Antofagasta  4;  San  Pedro  i,  twenty  miles  east 
of  San  Pedro,  Antofagasta  7;  Canchones,  Tarapaca  i;  Alcerraca, 
Tacna  i). 

^Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  occipitalis  Ridgway*.     TITICACA  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  occipitalis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  430,  Nov.  1887 — 
LakeTiticaca  (type)  and  Ocros,  Dept.  Ayacucho,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p. 
468,  1907  (crit.);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  20,  p.  322,  1910 — 
Tulpo,  s.e.  of  Huamachuco  (spec,  examined) ;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85, 
A,  Heft  10,  p.  46,  1920 — Urcos  and  Lucre,  Dept.  Cuzco,  Peru;  La  Paz  and 
Chicani,  Bolivia  (crit.,  characters);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  331,  1925 — La 
Paz,  Chicani  (Bolivia),  Tarma,  Cuzco,  Libertad  (Peru). 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  66,  1837 — part,  La  Paz,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  354,  1839 — part,  "sur  les  plateaux 

les  plus  elev^s  des  Andes  a  4600  metr ";  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1869,  p.  154 — Tinta,  Peru  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem, 
I.e.,  1879,  p.  612 — part,  La  Paz;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  533 — Junin; 
idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  216,  1884 — between  Cacas  and  Palcamayo,  Cutervo,  and 
Arequipa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  58,  1888 — part,  spec,  h-1, 
Bolivia  and  Tinta  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  358 — Chicha  and  Queta,  near  Tarma  (spec,  examined);  idem, 
Ornis,  13,  p.  127,  1906 — Puno,  Lake  Titicaca;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  117,  p.  90,  1921 — La  Raya,  Calca,  Tica-tica,  and  above  Ollantaytambo, 
Urubamba,  Peru. 

Muscisaxicola  rubricapilla  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16 — Tinta  (spec,  examined). 

Muscisaxicola  juninensis  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  n, 
1895 — Huamachuco  and  near  Cajamarca  (spec,  in  British  and  Tring  Museums 
examined). 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  ruficrissa  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  p.  342,  1916 — Macate,  Ancachs  (type)  and  Cajamarca,  Peru. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Cajamarca  south  to 
Puno  and  Arequipa)  and  northwestern  Bolivia  (depts.  La  Paz  and  ( ?) 
Cochabamba). 

3:    Peru  (Cajamarca  i;  Macate,  Ancachs  i;  La  Quinua,  Junin  i). 

B  Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  occipitaUs  RIDGWAY:  This  very  distinct  form  differs 
from  the  other  races  by  very  much  darker  (chestnut)  crown  patch,  mouse  gray  in- 
stead of  light  ashy  gray  back,  dusky  instead  of  black  upper  tail-coverts  and  rectrices, 
much  more  grayish  throat  and  breast,  and  more  or  less  buffy  instead  of  pure  white 
under  tail  coverts;  size  somewhat  larger.  Wing  (male)  110-120,  (female)  103-109. 

Specimens  from  Junin  and  northwards  are  generally  slightly  paler  and  less  brown- 
ish above  than  a  series  from  southern  Peru  and  Bolivia,  but  the  divergency  is  too 
insignificant  to  warrant  the  recognition  of  an  additional  race  (ruficrissa). 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Cajamarca  4,  Cajabamba  i,  Santiago,  Libertad  4, 
Huamachuco  5,  Tulpo,  southeast  of  Huamachuco  2,  Macate,  Ancachs  i,  Tarma, 
Junin  2,  La  Quinua,  Junin  i,  Lucre,  Cuzco  3,  Lauramarca,  Cuzco  i,  Urcos,  Cuzco  2, 
Tinta  4.  Bolivia:  La  Paz  5,  Chicani  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  23 

Muscisaxicola  albilora  Lafresnaye.    WHITE-LORED  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  albilora  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  7,  p.  60,  1855 — no 
locality  indicated  (type  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  examined ;=juv.);  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63,  p.  27,  1919 — crit.,  Santiago,  Chile 
suggested  as  type  locality;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  45, 
1920 — Anta  and  Lauramarca  (near  Cuzco),  Maraynioc  (Junin),  and  La  Paz, 
Bolivia  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  90,  1921 — above 
Matchu  Picchu  (Peru),  Cuchacancha  (Bolivia);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  N.  H..,  55,  p.  481,  1926 — Taraguacocha,  Ecuador. 

Muscisaxicola  rubricapitta  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  p.  429, 
1864 — Cordillera  of  Hacienda  de  la  Puerta,  Prov.  Colchagua,  Chile;  idem, 
Arch.,  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  90,  1865 — same  locality  (German  translation); 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  58 — Cordilleras  of  Colchagua  and  Santiago;  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  326 — Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  986, 
pi.  46 — part,  Chile;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  533 — Junin  and  Maraynioc; 
idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  215,  1884 — Maraynioc  (excl.  Tinta);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  57,  1888 — Santiago,  Chile;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  358 — Maraynioc,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  PHILIPPI, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  44,  pi.  24,  fig.  2,  1902 — Chile;  BARROS, 
Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  184,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua. 

Range:  Breeding  in  the  Andes  of  central  Chile  (prov.  Colchagua 
Santiago,  and  Aconcagua),  migrating  northwards  in  winter  to  Bolivia 
(La  Paz;  Cuchacancha,  Dept.  Cochabamba),  Peru  (Cajamarca)a, 
and  Ecuador  (Taraguacocha). 

^Muscisaxicola  juninensis  Taczanowski*.    JUNIN  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  juninensis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  214,  1884 — Junin,  Peru 
(one  of  the  original  specimens  in  the  British  Museum  examined) ;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  58,  1888 — Junin  and  Salinas,  Peru  (spec,  examined); 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  358 — Icapirca,  Pariayacu, 
and  Tarma,  Junin  (spec,  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  468,  1907  (crit.) ; 

•  Specimens  taken  in  Peru  and  Bolivia  are  indistinguishable  from  the  Chilean 
ones. 

Material  examined. — Chile:  Vicinity  of  Santiago  5,  Valle  del  Yeso  i,  unspeci- 
fied 10.  Bolivia:  La  Paz  i.  Peru:  Anta,  Cuzco  3,  Lauramarca,  Cuzco  i,  Maray- 
nioc 2,  Hacienda  de  Queta,  Tarma  i,  Cajamarca  1(0"  ad.,  June  27,  1895,  O.  T. 
Baron,  in  coll.  British  Museum). 

b  Muscisaxicola  juninensis  TACZANOWSKI:  Nearest  to  M.  albilora,  but  upper 
parts  much  less  brownish,  nearest  to  "light  drab"  (somewhat  paler  and  more  gray- 
ish); whitish  loral  streak  less  conspicuous;  superciliaries  much  less  distinct,  pale 
grayish  instead  of  pure  white;  occipital  patch  less  extensive,  not  sharply  circum- 
scribed and  much  less  rufous,  only  some  of  the  median  crest  feathers  being  chestnut 
at  their  bases;  bill  generally,  though  not  always,  weaker  and  slenderer.  Wing  (male) 
112-121,  (female)  110-114;  tail  71-80;  bill  14-16. 

This  is  possibly  a  northern  representative  of  M.  albilora,  but  it  would  be  unsafe 
to  employ  trinomials  until  we  know  more  about  the  breeding  ranges  of  these  birds. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Junin  i,  Icapirca,  Junin  i,  Lauramarca,  Cuzco  i, 
Salinas,  Arequipa  2,  Lake  Titicaca  i,  Vincocaya,  Titicaca  i.  Chile:  Prov.  Tacna  6; 
Prov.  Tarapaca,  near  San  Pablo  3,  Huasco  2,  Sacaya  i. 


24    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  25,  1909 — Maimara,  Laguna  Colorada, 
Jujuy;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  321,  1910  (ex  LILLO); 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  46,  1920 — Lauramarca,  Cuzco 
(crit.,  char.). 

Muscisaxicola  rubricapilla  (not  of  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  986 — part,  Salinas,  above  Arequipa  (spec,  examined); 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  3,  p.  354,  1876 — Mono  and  Vincocaya,  Lake 
Titicaca  (spec,  examined). 

Muscisaxicola  rufivertex  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1886,  p.  398 — Huasco,  Tarapaca  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1891, 
p.  134 — part,  Sacaya  and  San  Pablo  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Andes  of  southern  Peru  (depts.  Junin,  Cuzco,  Puno,  and 
Arequipa)  and  northern  Chile  (prov.  Tacna  and  Tarapaca);  accord- 
ing to  Lillo,  also  in  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Jujuy). 

6:    Chile,  Prov.  Tacna  (Chungara  i,  Choquelimpie  5). 

*Muscisaxicola    flavinucha    Lafresnaye.      YELLOW-NAPED    GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  flavinucha  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  7,  p.  59,  pi.  3,  1855 — 
Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  326 — Chile;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874, 
P-  533 — Junin;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  211,  1884 — Junin;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  57,  1888 — Prov.  Santiago  (Chile),  Junin  (Peru);  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  358 — Ingapirca,  Junin  (spec,  exam- 
ined); BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Lara,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined); 
BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Santa  Catalina,  Jujuy;  LILLO, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Cumbre  de  Calchaquies,  Tucuman; 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  193,  1909 — Valle  del  Lago  Blanco 
(Chubut),  Lara  (Tucuman);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  321, 
1910 — Cumbre  de  Calchaquies  and  Santa  Catalina;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil. 
Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  183,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua;  WETMORE,  Univ. 
Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  450,  1926 — Anecon  Grande,  Rio  Negro  (crit.). 

Muscisaxicola  flavivertex  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  p.  434, 
1864 — Cordilleras  of  Prov.  Santiago;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  98,  1865 
(German  translation);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  58  (crit.);  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4, 
p.  159,  1888 — Pastes  Largos;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  47, 
pi.  17,  fig.  2,  1902 — Chile. 

Muscisaxicola  hatcheri  SCOTT",  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  LV,  1900 — Cordillera, 
Upper  Rio  Chico,  Patagonia  (type  in  Mus.  Princeton  University  examined  ;  = 
juv.);  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  448,  1926 — Lago  Fetalauf- 
quen,  Chubut. 

a  The  type  is  a  bird  in  fluffy  juvenile  plumage,  with  distinct  buffy  edges  to  the 
wing-coverts  and  quills,  and  without  trace  of  the  ochraceous  occipital  patch.  Adult 
birds  from  the  same  general  region  (Valle  del  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut)  differ  from  the 
Chilean  series  by  somewhat  browner  upper,  and  slightly  more  grayish  under  parts, 
but  the  variation  is  too  insignificant  to  justify  the  recognition  of  a  separate  race 
(M.  f.  hatcheri).  Specimens  from  Antofagasta,  Bolivia,  and  Peru  are  indistinguish- 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  25 

Range:  Breeding  in  the  Andes  from  western  Patagonia  (upper  Rio 
Chico,  Gob.  Santa  Cruz;  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut)  to  central  Chile  (prov. 
Santiago,  Aconcagua,  Coquimbo,  and  ( ?)  Antofagasta)  and  northwestern 
Argentina  (prov.  Tucumdn  and  Jujuy),  migrating  northward  in  winter 
to  Bolivia  (Huachacachi)  and  Peru  (depts.  Cuzco  and  Junin). 

15:  Argentina  (Valle  del  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut  2);  Chile  (Bafios 
del  Toro,  Coquimbo  9;  Rio  Loa  i,  twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro,  Anto- 
fagasta 3). 

^Muscisaxicola    capistrata    (Burmeisier).        BURMEISTER'S    GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Ptyonura  capistrata  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — foot  of  Sierra  of 
Mendoza  (type  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2, 
p.  461,  1861 — rsame  locality;  idem,  Ann.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  3,  p.  243,  1888 — 
Chubut. 

Muscisaxicola  capistrata  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  717,  1898 — Punta 
Anegada  and  Cape  Espiritu  Santo,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  Gregory  Bay,  Straits 
of  Magellan  (crit.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  364,  1902 — 
Tierra  del  Fuego  (ex  SCHALOW)  -.BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  127, 
1906 — Pichacani,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  468,  1907 — 
Sajama  (Bolivia),  Puno  (Peru);  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  26,  1909 — 
Cerro  Mufioz,  Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  194, 
1909 — Cumbre  de  Malamala,  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  1 8,  p.  322,  1910 — Tierra  del  Fuego  and  Cerro  Mufioz;  REED,  Av.  Prov. 
Mendoza,  p.  35,  1906 — Cerros  de  Chacras  Coria,  Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El  Hor- 
nero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Mendoza;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  323, 
1923 — Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro  (breeding);  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool., 
24,  p.  450,  1926 — Corral  Chico,  Rio  Negro. 

Muscisaxicola  garretti  SCOTT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  10,  p.  LIV,  1900 — Coy  Inlet, 
Patagonia;  SCHALOW,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  8,  p.  97,  1900  (crit.  =  M.  capistrata). 

Range:  Tierra  del  Fuego;  Patagonia  (Coy  Inlet;  Chubut;  Rio 
Negro);  western  Argentina  (Mendoza;  Cerro  Munoz  and  Cumbre  de 
Malamala,  Tucumdn);  Chile  (Gregory  Bay,  Straits  of  Magellan;  prov. 
Atacama  and  Antofagasta);  western  Bolivia  (Sajama  and  Esperanza, 
Dept.  Oruro);  southern  Peru  (Dept.  Puno)8. 

able  from  those  of  central  Chile.  An  adult  male  secured  by  G.  A.  Baer  on  Feb.  26, 
1903,  at  Lara,  Tucumdn,  alt.  4,000  metr.,  is  in  exceedingly  worn  breeding  plumage. 
Material  examined. — Patagonia:  Cordillera,  Rio  Chico  i,  Valle  del  Lago  Blanco, 
Chubut  5.  Chile:  Santiago  3,  Banos  del  Toro,  Coquimbo  9,  Rio  Loa,  Antofagasta  i, 
twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro  3,  unspecified  4.  Argentina:  Lara,  Tucuman  i, 
Bolivia:  Huachacachi  i.  Peru:  Lauramarca,  Cuzco  5,  Ingapirca  2,  Junin  2. 

•  This  species  apparently  breeds  in  Patagonia  and  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  spends 
the  winter  in  the  north,  though  the  data  so  far  available  are  very  incomplete. 

Material  examined. — Chile  (as  specified  above)  n.  Tierra  del  Fuego:  Punta 
Anegada  2,  Cape  Espiritu  Santo  i.  Argentina:  Mendoza  (the  type)  i,  Cumbre  de 
Malamala,  Tucumdn  2.  Bolivia:  Esperanza  i,  Sajama  i.  Peru:  Pichacani  i. 


26     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

13:  Chile  (Ramadilla,  Copiap6  Valley,  Atacama  i;  Prov.  Anto- 
fagasta,  Rio  Loa  2,  Rio  Inacaliri  4,  Ojo  de  San  Pedro  2,  twenty  miles 
east  of  San  Pedro  2);  Argentina  (Aconquija,  Tucuman  i;  La  Laguna 
Blanca,  Catamarca  i). 

*Muscisaxicola    frontalis     (Burmeister) .    BLACK-FRONTED    GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Ptyonura  frontalis  BURMEISTER,  Journ.,  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — near  Mendoza,  at 
the  base  of  the  Sierra  of  Uspallata*  (types  in  Halle  Museum  examined) ;  idem, 
Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  462,  1861 — same  locality. 

Muscisaxicola  nigrifrons  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  p.  436, 
1864 — vicinity  of  Lago  de  los  Piuquenes,  near  Las  Aranas,  Prov.  Santiago; 
idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  101,  1865 — same  locality  (German  translation) ; 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  58 — Chile  (crit.);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  326 — 
Chile;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  55,  1888 — Cordillera  of  Santiago; 
PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  43,  pi.  14,  fig.  i,  1902 — Chile; 
LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  25,  1909 — Cerro  de  Mufioz,  Tucuman;  HAR- 
TERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  194,  1909 — Cerro  Mufioz  (spec,  ex- 
amined). 

Muscisaxicola  frontalis  nigrifrons  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  468,  1907 — Chile 
(crit.)b. 

Muscisaxicola  frontalis  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  322,  1910 — 
Cerro  Mufioz,  Cord,  of  Mendoza;  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  449,  1926 — Anecon  Grande,  Rio  Negro. 

Muscisaxicola  frotalis  (sic)  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  36,  1916 — Cordillera 
of  Mendoza. 

Range :  Andes  of  Chile  (in  prov.  Santiago,  Coquimbo,  and  Anto- 
fagasta)  and  western  Argentina  (in  prov.  .Jujuy,  Tucuman,  Mendoza, 
and  Rio  Negro). 

10:  Chile  (Bafios  del  Toro,  Prov.  Coquimbo  7;  twenty  miles  east 
of  San  Pedro,  Prov.  Antofagasta  2);  Argentina  (Cerro  Laguna  Color- 
ada,  Jujuy  i). 

8  The  original  locality  is  perhaps  questionable.  The  species  has  never  been  met 
with  again  at  Mendoza,  though  various  specimens  were  obtained  in  the  extreme 
northwest  of  Argentina  at  altitudes  of  4,000  metr.  and  above. 

b  I  cannot  discover  any  difference,  either  in  size  or  coloration,  between  twelve 
skins  from  Chile  and  five  from  Argentina.  The  chestnut  brown  patch  on  the  occiput 
is  characteristic  of  the  adult  male. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Five  adult  males  from  Prov.  Coquimbo  115,118,119,119,120     72-76  18-19 

Two  adult  males  from  Prov.  Santiago  120,121  72,78  19,19 

Two  adult  males  from  Prov.  Antofagasta  121,124  77,79  19,19 

One  adult  male  from "  Mendoza"  (type)  121  78  19 

Two  adult  males  from  Cerro  Mufioz,  Tucuman    114,118  73,75  18,19 

One  adult  male  from  Jujuy  116  71  19 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  27 

*Muscisaxicola  albif rons  ( Tschudi) .    WHITE-FRONTED  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Ptyonura  albifrons  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  276,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  167,  pi.  12,  fig.  2,  1846 — Peru*. 

Muscisaxicola  albifrons  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  78, 
1865 — Parinacota  Mediana,  above  Tacna,  Prov.  Tacna,  Chile;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  986 — Salinas,  Dept.  Arequipa;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1874,  P-  533 — Ninarupa;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  209,  1884 — Ninarupa; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  397 — Sacaya,  Tarapaca;  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  54,  1888 — Salinas  and  Ninarupa,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.358 — central  Peru;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  103, 
1906 — Vilcabamba,  Dept.  Cuzco;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  468,  1907 — Peru  to 
Bolivia  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  89,  1921 — La  Raya, 
Peru. 

Taenioptera  holospodia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  47 — Bolivia  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  14,  pi.  4, 
1888 — Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  467,  1907  (crit.). 

Range:  Andes  of  southern  Peru  (depts.  Junin  and  Cuzco),  western 
Bolivia  (Cosapilla),  and  northern  Chile  (prov.  Tacna  and  Tarapaca) b. 

4:    Chile,  Prov.  Tacna  (Las  Cuevas  2,  Chungara  2). 

Muscisaxicola  alpina  columbiana   Chapman0.    COLOMBIAN    GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  alpina  columbiana  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31, 
p.  152,  1912 — Paramo  de  Santa  Isabel,  Central  Andes,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e., 
36,  p.  432,  1917 — Santa  Isabel. 

Range:  Central  Andean  chain  of  Colombia  (Paramo  de  Santa 
Isabel). 

*Muscisaxicola  alpina  alpina  (Jardine).    ALPINE  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Taenioptera  alpina  JARDINE,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1849,  p.  47-9,  pi.  21 — ''highest 
ridge  of  the  Andes"  [near  Quito,  Ecuador]. 

Muscisaxicola  albifrons  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  78,  1860 
— Panza,  Chimborazo;  idem,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  57 — Panza  and  Chimborazo. 

•  I  have  little  doubt  that  Tschudi  (p.  168),  when  recording  P.  albifrons  from  the 
Rio  de  Huaura  (coast  north  of  Lima)  and  P.  mentalis  from  the  Rio  de  Yanayacu 
(interior),  has  inadvertently  transposed  the  localities  of  the  two  species.  M.  albi- 
frons, an  inhabitant  of  the  Paramo  Zone,  is  not  likely  to  occur  on  the  littoral  near 
Lima,  where  P.  mentalis,  on  the  other  hand,  is  not  infrequently  met  with  during  the 
hard  season. 

b  Material  examined. — Peru:  Ninarupa  i,  Vilcabamba  i.  Bolivia:  Cosapilla  i, 
unspecified  (type  of  T.  holospodia)  i.  Chile:  Prov.  Tacna  4. 

0  Muscisaxicola  alpina  columbiana  CHAPMAN:  Exceedingly  close  to  M.  a.  alpina, 
but  coloration  above  slightly  deeper  and  breast  darker  grayish;  wing  perhaps  a  trifle 
shorter  (120-122,  against  122-125). 

This  very  unsatisfactory  race  may  prove  to  be  inseparable  when  sufficient  mate- 
rial comes  to  hand.  Two  topotypes  examined. 


28    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscisaxicola  alpina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  28,  p.  92,  1860  —  above  Puellaro; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  986  —  Ecuador  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI  and 
BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  87  —  Chimborazo  and  San  Rafael;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  54,  1888  —  Andes  of  Quito,  Panza,  Pichincha,  Chimborazo, 
Sical;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  4, 
1899  —  Chaupi  (Illiniza);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  702  —  Pichincha  and 
Guamani  Pass;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£og.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9, 
p.  B.  50,  1911  —  Mozo,  Pichincha;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14, 
No.  25,  p.  72,  1922  —  Pichincha. 

Range:    Paramo  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador*. 
i:    Ecuador  (Pichincha  i). 

*Muscisaxicola  alpina  grisea  Taczanowski*.    ASH-COLORED  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  grisea  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  213,  1884  —  Maraynioc,  Junin, 
Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  55,  1888  —  Ninabamba;  SALVIN, 
Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  ii,  1895  —  Cajamarca  and  Huamachuco  (spec,  examined); 
BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  468,  1907  —  western  Bolivia;  HELLMAYR,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  44,  1920  —  Ollachea,  Dept.  Puno;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  90,  1921  —  above  Ollantaytambo,  Urubamba. 

Range  :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru  (north  to  Cajamarca) 
and  western  Bolivia  (Chaco,  Dept.  La  Paz). 

4:    Peru  (Junin  i  ;  Huanuco  Mountains  3). 

*Muscisaxicola  cinerea  Philippi  and  Landbeck.    CINEREOUS  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  cinerea  PHILIPPI  and  LANBBECK,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  25,  p.  422, 
1864  —  Las  Araucas,  Valle  Largo,  Las  Chacarillas,  Cordilleras  of  Santiago; 
idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  80,  1865  —  same  localities  (German  transla- 
tion); SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  57  —  Cordilleras  of  Santiago;  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  326  —  Chile;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  533  —  Maraynioc, 

*  Seven  specimens  from  Pichincha  examined. 

b  Muscisaxicola  alpina  grisea  TACZANOWSKI:  Very  nearly  allied  to  M.  a.  alpina 
and  similarly  colored  underneath;  but  upper  parts  much  more  grayish  (mouse  gray 
rather  than  hair  brown);  pileum  mouse  gray  like  the  back  instead  of  being  bister 
brown  and  forming  a  distinct  dusky  cap;  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  conspicu- 
ously, though  narrowly  edged  with  hoary;  auriculars  pale  gray,  not  dusky  brown. 
Wing  (male)  122-124,  (female)  110-117;  tail  (male)  84-86,  (female)  73-78;  bill 


While  clearly  but  a  geographical  race  of  M.  alpina,  this  bird  is  perfectly  distinct 
from  M.  cinerea  by  larger  size,  considerably  darker  (mouse  gray  rather  than  light 
ashy  gray)  upper  parts  with  conspicuous,  more  whitish  edges  to  wing-coverts  and 
secondaries;  the  much  wider  white  supraloral  streak  being  continued  far  beyond  the 
eye;  and  by  having  the  anterior  under  parts  obsoletely  flammulated  or  shaded  with 
pale  grayish  brown. 

Material  examined.  —  Peru:  Cajamarca  i,  Huamachuco  i,  Junin  i,  Huanuco  Mts., 
Huanuco  3,  Ollachea,  Puno  i.  Bolivia:  Chaco,  La  Paz  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  29 

Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Pdr.,  2,  p.  212,  1884 — Ninarupa,  Junin;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  55,  1888 — Cordillera  of  Santiago,  "Valdivia"  (!),  Chile; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  358 — Ingapirca,  Junin; 
PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  49,  pi.  19,  fig.  2,  1902 — Chile; 
BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  184,  1923 — Portillo,  Cordillera  of  Acon- 
cagua. 

Muscisaxicola  grisea  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — 
Cerro  Pelado,  Tucuman  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  BRUCH,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Santa  Catalina,  Jujuy;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  184,  1902 — Cuesta  de  Malamala,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev. 
letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — same  locality. 

Range:  Andes  of  central  Chile  (in  prov.  Santiago,  Aconcagua, 
and  Coquimbo)  and  northwestern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Tucuman  and 
Jujuy),  migrating  north  to  Peru  (Dept.  Junin) ft. 

17:  Chile  (Bafios  del  Toro,  Coquimbo  9);  Argentina  (Aconquija, 
Tucuman  i ;  Las  Pavas,  Tucuman  7). 

^Muscisaxicola  macloviana  macloviana  (Garnot)b.    GARNOT'S  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 
Sylvia  macloviana  GARNOT,  Voyage  Coquille,  Zool.,  i  (2),  p.  540,  July  1829 — • 

"lies  Malouines,  dans  les  environs  de  la  baie  de  1'Huile,  du  port  Duperrey  et 

les  valises  qui  avoisinent  1'Aiguade." 
Curruca  macloviana  LESSON,  Voyage  Coquille,  Zool.,  i  (2),  p.  663,  1830 — lies 

Malouines. 
Muscisaxicola  macloviana  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  83,  1839 — East 

Falkland  Island;  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  95,  1859 — East  Falkland 

Island;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  28,  p.  385,  1860 — Falkland  Islands;  ABBOTT,  Ibis,  1861, 

p.  154 — East  Falkland;    SCLATER,  I.e.,  1866,  p.  58 — Falkland  Islands;  idem, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  56,  1888 — part,  spec,  o-u,  y,  Falkland  Islands; 

BROOKS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  61,  p.  158,  1917 — Falkland  Islands. 
Muscisaxicola  macloviana  macloviana  WAGE,   El  Hornero,   2,  p.   204,   1921 — 

Falkland  Islands. 
Taenioptera  pyrope  (errore)  VALLENTIN,  Mem.  and  Proc.  Manchester  Lit.  and 

Phil.  Soc.,  48,  No.  23,  p.  43,  1904 — Wickham  Range,  East  Falkland  Island. 

Range:    Falkland  Islands. 

2:    West  Falkland  (Port  Stephens  2). 

•An  adult  male  from  Laguna  de  Pelado,  Tucuman,  erroneously  recorded  by 
G.  A.  Baer  as  M.  grisea,  is  perfectly  identical  with  the  Bafios  del  Toro  specimens 
in  Field  Museum,  while  two  males  from  Peru  (Ingapirca,  Junin)  differ  only  by  slightly 
longer  wings. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL  BILL 

Eight  adult  males  from  Prov.  Coquimbo  103-108  71-76  15-16 

Four  adult  males  from  Tucuman  105-110  74-76  15 

Two  adult  males  from  Peru  (Ingapirca)  111,112  76,77  14^3,15 

b  Muscisaxicola  macloviana  macloviana  is  so  much  larger  (wing  of  male  115-118, 
against  97-105,  of  female  112,  against  95-103)  than  the  mainland  form  that  its  sep- 
aration appears  perfectly  justified.  Seven  specimens  examined. 


30    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

^Muscisaxicola    macloviana    mentalis    Lafresnaye    and    D'Orbigny*. 
SMOKE-FRONTED  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  mentalis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  66,  1837 — Cobija,  "in  Boli via" [  =  Chile],  Arica,  and  Patagoniab 
(spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am£r.  m£rid.,  Ois., 
P-  355,  pl-  4°»  fig-  J»  1847 — Rio  Negro,  Cobija,  Arica;  GOULD  in  Darwin, 
Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  83,  1839 — Bahia  Blanca,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  Chiloe,  and 
Chile;  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  u,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile;  PHILIPPI  and  LAND- 
BECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i),  p.  85,  1865 — Valdivia,  Santiago,  Arica  (crit.); 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  58 — Chile;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  99 — Lima; 
idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  326,  338 — Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  p.  986 — Islay, 
Peru;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  541,  549 — Rio  Negro;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  187 — Sandy  Point;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  612 — 
Cobija;  SHARPE,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  8 — Coquimbo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  218,  1884 — Peru;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  132,  1890 — 
Sandy  Point,  Latitude  Cove,  Mayne  Harbor,  Straits  of  Magellan. 

Saxicola  fumifrons  PEALE,  U.  S.  Expl.  Exped.,  8,  p.  90,  1848 — near  Callao,  Peru. 

Ochthoeca  chilensis  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  3,  p.  212,  1853 — Valdivia  (=juv.); 
PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  76,  1865 — Chile. 

Muscisaxicola  albimentum  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  7,  p.  61,  1855 — 
no  locality  indicated  (the  label  of  the  type,  now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  gives 
"Bolivia  et  Patagonia" ;=juv.). 

Ptyonura  mentalis  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  277,  1844 — Peru;  idem. 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves  p.  167,  1846 — "Rio  de  Yanayacu"  (errore,  see  footnote  a 
on  p.  27);  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  185,  1855 — Chile. 

Muscisaxicola  macloviana  (not  of  GARNOT)  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn., 
i»  P-  133,  1888 — part  (excl.  Falkland  Islands) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  56,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-n,  x,  Islay  (Peru),  Santiago,  Coquimbo  (Chile), 
Rio  Negro,  St.  Martin's  Cove,  Hermit  Isl.;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — 
Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  55, 
1891 — Orange  Bay,  Cook  Bay  (Staten  Isl.),  Bourchier  Bay  (False  Cape  Horn), 
Punta  Arenas;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1895,  P-  2I5 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  SCHA- 
LOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  715,  1898 — Seno  Almirantazgo,  Ushuwaia, 
Lapataja  (Tierra  del  Fuego),  Cavancha  (Iquique),  Isla  de  Pajaros  (Totora- 
lillo),  Tumbes,  and  Villa  Rica,  Chile  (spec,  examined);  SALVADORI,  Ann. 

*  As  correctly  pointed  out  by  Philippi  and  Landbeck  long  ago,  adult  birds  are 
characterized  by  dark  brown  pileum  and  rufous  brown  chin  spot,  the  female  differ- 
ing only  in  smaller  size  and  generally  less  extensive  rufous  on  chin.  Young  birds 
lack  the  chin  spot,  the  throat  and  foreneck  being  streaked  with  white  and  pale  gray 
ish;  the  upper  wing-coverts  are  edged  with  buff,  and  the  pileum  is  almost  the  same 
color  as  the  back. 

There  is  apparently  no  difference  between  specimens  from  various  localities. 
A  male  from  Usnuaia  approaches  typical  macloviana  in  size  (wing  109  mm). 

Besides  our  own  series  I  have  examined  the  following  examples. 

Peru:  Islay  2.  Chile:  Cobija  2,  Arica  3,  Tumbes  2,  Villa  Rica  i,  Totoralillo  i. 
Tierra  del  Fuego:  Ushuaia  2,  Seno  Almirantazgo  i.  Argentina:  Rio  Negro  2. 

b  Carmen  de  Patagones,  Rio  Negro  designated  as  type  locality  by  Peters  (Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  322,  1923). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  31 

Mus.  Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva,  (2)  20,  p.  616, 1900 — Penguin  Rookery,  Staten 
Isl;  ARRIBALZAGA,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  165,  1902 — Lago  General 
Paz,  Chubut;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  364,  1902 — Tierra  del  Fuego;  idem,  I.e.,  18, 
p.  321,  1910 — range  (excl.  Isl.  Malvinas);  idem,  Physis  2,  p.  291,  1916 — 
Quilmes,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  64,  1907 
— San  Sebastian  Settlement;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  146, 
1921 — Nilahue,  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  183,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua. 

Muscisaxicola  macloviana  mentalis  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  194, 
1909 — Valle  del  Lago  Blanco  (Chubut),  Ushuaia  (Tierra  del  Fuego);  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63,  p.  26,  1919  (crit.);  DAGUERRE, 
El  Hornero,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  322,  1923 — Huanuluan,  Puerto  Blest,  and  San  Antonio, 
Rio  Negro  (breeding  range);  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  646,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  333,  1925 — 
Cobija,  Arica,  Patagonia  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p. 
449,  1926 — Nahuel  Niyeu  and  Arroyo  Seco  (Rio  Negro),  and  Lago  Fetalauf- 
quen  (Chubut). 

Range:  Breeding  in  the  Andes  of  Chile  and  Argentina,  from  the 
Province  of  Aconcagua  and  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi  south  to  Tierra  del 
Fuego,  wintering  in  eastern  Patagonia  and  Argentina  as  far  north  as 
Buenos  Aires  and  Entrerios,  and  on  the  Chilean  and  Peruvian  littoral 
as  far  north  as  Lima. 

30:  Chile  (Chacalluta,  six  miles  north  of  Arica,  Prov.  Tacna  4; 
Gatico,  Antofagasta  5;  Ramadilla,  Copiap6  Valley  i,  Caldera,  Atacama 
5;  Romero,  Coquimbo  4;  Quirihue,  Maule  4;  Santiago  2;  near  Sewell, 
O'Higgins  i ;  Rio  Colorado,  Malleco  i ;  Lake  Gualletue*,  Cautin  i ;  Con- 
cepcion  i ;  Rio  Nireguao,  Llanquihue"  i). 

^Muscisaxicola  maculirostris  maculirostris  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny. 
SPOT-BILLED  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  maculirostris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.(  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  66,  1837 — La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  356,  pi.  41,  fig.  2,  1847 — La  Paz; 
BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129,  1853 — Cordillera 
[of  Santiago],  Chile  (habits);  PHILIPPI  and  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  31  (i), 
p.  82,  1865 — Cerro  de  San  Cristobal  and  Las  Arafias  (Cordillera  of  Santiago), 
Hacienda  La  Puerta  (Prov.  Colchagua)  (descr.  adult  and  juv.);  SCLATER, 
Ibis,  1866,  p.  57 — part,  Chile,  La  Paz,  Mendoza;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
P-  326,  338 — Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  568 — Arequipa;  idem, 
I.e.,  1869,  p.  154 — Tinta;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  534 — Lima;  DURNFORD, 
Ibis,  1878,  p.  395 — near  the  River  Sengelen,  Chubut;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  612 — La  Paz  and  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  219,  1884 — part,  Chile  and  Peru;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  134,  1888 — part  (excl.  Ecuador);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
I4>  P-  59,  !888 — part,  spec,  a-p,  Santiago  (Chile),  Rio  Negro,  Tilotilo  (Bolivia), 
Tinta  and  Arequipa  (Peru);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 


32    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1896,  p.  358 — Ingapirca,  Queta,  and  Maraynioc,  Peru;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  127, 
1906 — Puno;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Lara,  Tucuman;  LILLO,  Rev. 
letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — near  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  322,  1910 — range;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  36,  1916 — 
Cordillera  of  Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Chacras  Coria, 
Mendoza;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  90,  1921 — Huaracondo  Canyon,  Pisac,  Cuzco,  Tica-tica, 
Peru; PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  323, 1923 — Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro 
(breeding);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  25,  p.  184,  1923 — Rio  Blanco, 
Cord,  of  Aconcagua;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  35,  1924 — San  Bernardo,  Chile;  WET- 
MORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  306,  1926 — General  Roca  (Rio  Negro), 
Zapala  (Neuquen),  and  Mendoza;  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  450, 
1926 — Corral  Chico  and  Cerro  Anecon  Grande,  Rio  Negro. 

Muscisaxicola  maculirostris  maculirostris  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  194,  1909 — Lara  (Tucuman),  Angosta  Perchela  (Jujuy),  Cachi  (Salta); 
HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  32,  p.  334,  1925 — La  Paz  (crit.). 

Ptyonura  maculirostris  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — near  Mendoza; 

idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  462,  1861 — Mendoza. 
Muscisaxicola  brunnea  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  84,  1839 — Port  San 

Julian,  Patagonia  (=juv.). 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Cajamarca  southward),  Bolivia,  Chile 
(south  to  Cautin),  and  western  Argentina  (prov.  Jujuy,  Salta,  Tucu- 
mdn,  La  Rioja,  Mendoza,  and  Rio  Negro,  occasionally  even  in  Chubut 
and  Santa  Cruzj a. 

22:  Peru  (Matucana  3,  Chosica  i,  Santa  Eulalia  i,  La  Quinua  i); 
Chile  (Putre,  Tacna  2;  Rio  Loa,  Antofagasta  4;  Ramadilla,  Copiap6 
Valley  i,  Caldera,  Atacama  5;  Romero,  Coquimbo  2;  Villa  Portales, 
Cautin  2). 

Muscisaxicola    maculirostris    rufescens    Berlepsch    and    Stolzmannb. 

RUFESCENT  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  maculirostris  rufescens  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  359 — Yoc6n,  Ecuador  (type  in  Berlepsch  collection  examined); 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 — Mount  Cayambe;  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 
Serv.  g6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  M£rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  651,  1911 — Tumbaco;  LONNBERG 
and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72,  1922 — Quito,  Chaupicruz, 
Pomasqui. 

•  I  am  unable  to  make  out  any  geographical  variation  of  this  widespread  bird, 
excepting  the  inhabitants  of  the  Ecuadorian  highlands  which  constitute  a  well- 
marked  race. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Cajamarca  21,  Junin  2,  Maraynioc  i,  coast  range 
above  Lima  5,  Lucre,  Cuzco  6,  Anta,  Cuzco  i.  Bolivia:  La  Paz  i,  Chicani,  Dept. 
La  Paz  8.  Chile:  (various  localities  from  Tacna  to  Cautin)  20.  Argentina:  Lara, 
Tucuman  3,  Las  Lagunas,  Jujuy  i,  Mendoza  i. 

b  Muscisaxicola  maculirostris  rufescens  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Differs  from 
the  typical  race  by  much  darker,  pinkish  buff  rather  than  buffy  white  under,  and 
deeper  grayish  brown  upper  parts.  Four  specimens,  including  the  type  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  33 

Muscisaxicola  maculirostris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  92,  1860 — Calacali;  idem,  Ibis,  1866,  p.  57 — part, 
Calacali,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  295 
— Yoc6n;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  219,  1884 — part,  Ecuador;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  59,  1888 — part,  spec,  q-s,  Calacali,  Quito. 

Muscisaxicola  rufescens  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No. 
362,  p.  4,  1899 — Pichincha. 

Range:    Temperate  Zone  of  Ecuador. 

^Muscisaxicola    fluviatilis    Sclater    and    Salvin*.     UCAYALI    GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  fluviatilis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  187 — lower 
Ucayali,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  598 — Cosnipata;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  277 — 
Nauta,  Ucayali,  and  Huallaga  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — 
Potrero,  Urubamba  Valley;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  534 — Amable  Maria, 
Monterico,  and  Acancocha;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — Huambo;  idem,  Orn. 
Per.,  2,  p.  220,  1884 — Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  59,  1888 — 
Ucayali,  Nauta,  Cosnipata,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  359 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  85, 
1906 — Santa  Ana;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  285,  1910 — Maroins,  Rio 
Machados,  and  below  Crato,  Rio  Madeira;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i, 
p.  338,  1914 — Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
117,  p.  90,  1921 — Rio  Comberciato,  southeastern  Peru. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (from  the  banks  of  the  Maranon  south  to 
Dept.  of  Cuzco),  northern  Bolivia  (Juntas),  western  Brazil  (Rio  Ma- 
deira and  Rio  Machados),  and  northern  Argentina  (Tucumdn). 

4:  Peru  (Moyobamba  2,  San  Ramon,  Chanchamayo  i,  Vista 
Alegre  i). 

Genus  LESSONIA  Swainson. 

Lessonia  SWAINSON  in  Richardson,  Fauna  Bor.-Americ.,  Birds,  p.  490,  1832 — 
type  Anthus  sordidus  LESSON  =  A lauda  rufa  GMELIN. 

Centrophanes  (not  Centhrophanes  KAUP  1829)  CABANIS,  Bericht.  Preuss.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  1845,  p.  217;  idem  in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  167,  note  i,  1846 — 
type  Alauda  rufa  GMELIN. 

B  Muscisaxicola  fluviatilis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  the  only  representative  of  the 
genus  in  the  Tropical  Zone,  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  M .  maculirostris,  from 
which  it,  however,  differs  by  smaller  size,  much  shorter  tarsi,  not  distinctly  bicolored 
lower  mandible,  and  much  more  buffy  coloring  of  throat,  chest,  and  sides  of  the 
head.  Wing  74-80;  tail  49-54. 

Two  specimens  from  the  Rio  Madeira  and  one  from  Tucuman  are  more  brownish 
above  than  a  series  from  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Birds  from  northern  Peru  possibly  have 
the  wing  bands  wider  and  of  a  brighter  rufous,  but  they  are  exactly  matched  by  the 
Tucuman  example. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Moyobamba  2,  San  Ramon  i,  Vista  Alegre  i,  Santa 
Ana  2,  Potrero  i.  Bolivia:  Juntas  i.  Brazil:  below  Crato,  Rio  Madeira  i ,  Maroins, 
Rio  Machados  i.  Argentina:  Tucuman  i. 


34     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Gentries  CABAMS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  256,  1847 — new  name  for  Centro- 
phanes  CABANIS,  preoccupied. 

*Lessonia  rufa  mfa  (Gmeliri).    RUFOUS-BACKED  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Alauda  nigri  (sic)  (not  Alauda  nigra  BODDAERT  p.  40)  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl., 
p.  46,  1783 — based  on  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  738,  fig.  "i"  [  =  2]  and  Buffon's 
"Alouette  noire,  a  dos  fauve,"  Buenos  Aires,  coll.  Commerson. 

Alauda  rufa  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  792,  1789 — based  on  the  same. 
Alauda  fulva  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  2,  p.  492,  1790 — based  on  the  §ame. 

A[nthus]  erythronotos  MERREM  in  Ersch  and  Gruber,  Allgem.  Encycl.  Wiss.  and 
Kunste,  4,  p.  289,  1820 — new  name  for  Alauda  rufa  GMELIN;  Buenos  Aires 
and  Paraguay. 

Sylvia  dorsalis  KING,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  428,  1827 — Straits  of  Magellan. 

Anthus  sordidus  LESSON",  Voyage  Coquille,  Zool.,  i  (2),  p.  664,  April  1830 — 
Talcahuano,  Bay  of  Concepcion,  Chile  (=9). 

Anthus  variegatus  EYDOUX  and  GERVAIS,  Voyage  Favorite,  5  (2),  p.  38,  pi.  15 
(=9),  1839— Chile. 

Anthus  fulvus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  26,  1837 — Patagonia  and  Corrientes;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid., 
Ois.,  p.  223,  1838 — part,  Chile,  Rio  Negro  (Patagonia),  Corrientes. 

Muscisaxicola  nigra  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  84,  1839 — La  Plata, 
Patagonia,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  Chile,  as  far  north  as  the  valley  of  Copiap6; 
FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc. 
Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  311,  1860 — Santiago  (nesting  habits);  PHILIPPI,  Ornis,  4, 
p.  158,  1888 — Leoncito,  Chile. 

Centrites  rufus  BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129, 
1 853 — Santiago. 

Ptyonura  brunnea  (not  Muscisaxicola  brunnea  GOULD)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn., 
8,  p.  248,  1860 — Parana  (descr.  9);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.  2,  p.  462, 
1 86 1 — Parana. 

Lessonia  nigra  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  248,  1860 — Mendoza,  Parana, 
Santa  Fe";  HOLMBERG,  Act.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  5,  p.  78,  1884 — La  Tinta 
and  Sierra  Tandil,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  p.  323,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — 
Paraguay;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  36,  1916 — Rio  Mendoza  and  Lujan 
de  Cuyo;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Rodriguez  Pena,  Mendoza; 
TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  San  Jose",  Uruguay; 
DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil. 
Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  146,  1920 — Nilahue,  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  184,  1923 — 
Cordillera  of  Aconcagua;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — 
Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA, 
I.e.,  p.  168,  1923 — Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  646,  1924 — Buenos  Aires. 

»  Although  faulty  with  respect  to  the  posterior  under  parts,  the  description  can- 
not possibly  refer  to  any  other  Chilean  bird. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  35 

Centrites  niger  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  458,  1861 — Argentina; 
PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  76,  1865 — Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  326 — Chile,  north  to  Copiap6;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1868,  p.  142 — Conchitas;  idem,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  187 — Sandy  Point;  HUDSON, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  87,  333 — Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  259 — 
Buenos  Aires;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  177 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires; 
idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  395 — Chubut  Valley  and  Lake  Colguape',  Sengel  Valley; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  432 — Sandy  Point;  SHARPE, 
I.e.,  1881,  p.  8 — Cape  Gregory;  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  604 — San  Jose1  de  Flores 
and  Sal  to,  Buenos  Aires;  DOERING  in  Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool., 
I,  p.  42,  1881 — from  Azul  to  the  Rio  Colorado;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883, 
p.  423 — Coquimbo;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  142,  1883 — Concep- 
cion  (Entrerios)  and  Azul  (Buenos  Aires);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn., 
i,  p.  134,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — Lomas 
de  Zamora,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  61,  1888 — 
Conchitas,  Cosquin  (Cordoba)  Parana,  Chubut,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  Cape 
Gregory,  Sandy  Point,  Coquimbo;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac. 
Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12, 
"1889,"  p.  132,  Feb.  1890 — Gregory  Bay  and  Elizabeth  Is!.;  OUSTALET, 
Miss.  Sci.  Cap  Horn,  Zool.,  6,  p.  657,  1891 — Orange  Bay;  HOLLAND,  Ibis, 
1891,  p.  16;  1892,  p.  199 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894, 
p.  178 — Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  12, 
1897 — Rio  Tala,  Salta;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  714,  1898 — 
Coquimbo  and  Punta  Arenas;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
16,  p.  125,  1899 — Rio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined);  SAL- 
VADORI, Ann.  Mus.  Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva,  (2)  20,  p.  616,  1900 — Santa 
Cruz  and  Penguin  Rookery,  Staten  Isl.;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
8,  p.  184,  1902 — Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48, 
1905 — same  locality;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman; 
NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  42 — Punta  Arenas;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n, 
p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  262,  1907 — range; 
CRAWSHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  65,  col.  pi.  (o*  9),  1907 — San  Sebas- 
tian, Rio  McClelland,  and  Cheena  Creek;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  114 — Los 
Ynglases,  Aj6,  Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1918,  p.  401 — Cape  San  Antonio. 

Centritus  niger  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  x,  p.  252,  1874 — Ri°  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes. 

Lessonia  nigra  nigra  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  193,  1909 — 
Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires. 

Lessonia  rufa  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  323,  1923 — Huanuluan, 
Rio  Negro. 

Lessonia  rufa  rufa  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  30,  p.  222,  1923 — Corrientes  and 
Buenos  Aires  (range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  307,  1926 — 
Buenos  Aires,  Santa  Fe",  Neuquen,  Uruguay,  Mendoza,  and  Concon,  Chile; 
idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  451,  1926 — Corral  Chico,  Rio  Negro. 

1  Range:  Chile,  from  Copiapo  southwards;  Argentina,  from  the  Pil- 
comayo  and  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes  in  provinces  of  Salta  and  Tucu- 
man south  to  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  Staten  Island;  Uruguay;  southern 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil. 


36    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

20:  Argentina  (Tucuman  i;  Concepcion,  Tucuman  3;  Avellanada, 
Buenos  Aires  i;  Rio  Gallegos,  Gob.  Santa  Cruz  i;)  Chile  (Ramadilla, 
Copiap6  Valley,  Atacama  2 ;  Romero,  Prov.  Coquimbo  i ;  Concepcion  i ; 
Lake  Gualletue",  Cautin  i ;  Quellon,  Chiloe  Isl.  4,  Rio  Inio,  Chiloe  Isl.  4; 
Rio  Nireguao,  Prov.  Llanquihue"  i). 

*Lessonia  rufa  oreas  (Sclater  and  Salviri)*.    ANDEAN  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Centrites  oreas  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  154 — Tinta,  Dept. 
Cuzco,  Peru  (types  examined);  idem,  Exotic  Ornith.,  p.  191,  pi.  96,  1869 — 
Tinta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  3,  p.  354,  1876 — Lake  Titicaca; 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  534— Junin;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
I.C.,  1879,  p.  612 — Lake  Titicaca;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  222,  1884 — 
Junin  and  Tinta;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1886,  p.  398 — Sacaya,  Tarapaca 
(spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  62,  1888 — Tinta, 
Salinas;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  359 — Ingapirca, 
Junin;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  128,  1906 — Puno;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  450 — 
Moreno,  Jujuy. 

Anthus  fulvus  (not  of  LATHAM)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  223, 
1838 — part,  "Andes  Boliviennes"  (spec,  from  Oruro  in  Paris  Museum  ex- 
amined). 

Centrites  niger  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  987 — Salinas  (spec,  examined). 

Lessonia  nigra  oreas  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  Paris,  (10)  x,  p.  214,  1909 — 
Pulacayo,  Oruro. 

Lessonia  oreas  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  323,  1910 — Moreno, 
Jujuy. 

Lessonia  niger  oreas  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  91,  1921 — Huara- 
condo  Canyon,  Calca,  and  La  Raya,  Peru. 

Lessonia  rufa  oreas  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  30,  p.  222,  1923 — Oruro  (crit.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Hudn- 
uco  southwards),  western  Bolivia  (depts.  Oruro  and  La  Paz),  northern 
Chile  (prov.  Tacna,  Tarapacd,  and  Antofagasta),  and  northwestern 
Argentina  (Puna  of  Jujuy). 

6:  Peru  (Lake  Junin  i,  Huanuco  Viejo  3);  Chile,  Antofagasta 
(Rio  Loa  i,  twenty  miles  east  of  San  Pedro  i). 

•  Lessonia  rufa  oreas  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  Differs  from  L.  r.  rufa,  in  the  male 
sex,  by  decidedly  lighter,  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  chestnut  back,  and  grayish 
white  instead  of  deep  black  inner  webs  of  the  primaries.  The  female  is  even  more 
different,  having  the  back  but  little  duller  rufous  than  the  male;  the  under  parts 
mostly  sooty  with  dingy  brownish  edges  to  the  feathers;  the  under  tail-coverts  sooty 
black  instead  of  buffy  whitish;  the  axillars  and  under  wing-coverts  sooty  instead  of 
cinnamon  buff;  the  inner  webs  of  the  primaries  more  whitish,  and  by  lacking  the 
tinnamomepus  alar  speculum;  size  somewhat  larger.  Wing  (male)  78-83,  (female) 
75^-77!  tail  47-53;  bill  lo-n. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Tinta  6,  Salinas  i,  Huanuco  Viejo  3,  Junin  2,  Lucre, 
Cuzco  2,  Anta,  Cuzco  3.  Bolivia:  Oruro  i,  Chililaya  2.  Chile:  Tacora  (Tacna)  i, 
Sacaya  (Tarapaca)  i,  Antofagasta  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  37 

Genus  MYIOTHERETES  Reichenbach. 

Myiotheretes  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  66,  March  1850 — type"  by  subs. 

desig.    (GRAY,    1855,   p.   48)    Tyrannus  rufiventris  "D'ORB."  =  Taenioptera 

striaticollis  SCLATER. 
Orodynastes  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  208,  1905 — type  by  orig. 

desig.  Taenioptera  striaticollis  SCLATER. 

^Myiotheretes  striaticollis  striaticollis  (Sclater).    STREAKED-THROATED 
GROUND-TYRANT. 

Tyrannus  rufiventris  (not  of  VIELLOT  1823)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  45,  1837 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris 
Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  meYid.,  Ois.,  p.  312,  pi.  32, 
fig.  3,  1839 — Yungas,  near  the  Rio  Meguella,  east  of  La  Paz. 

Myiarchus  rufiventris  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  153,  1846 — Montanas  of 
central  Peru. 

Taenioptera  striaticollis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  "1851,"  p.  193,  pi.  42, 
June  1853 — Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  77,  1855  (crit.). 

Myiotheretes  striaticollis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  92,  1860 — Puellaro; 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  197,  1862 — Bogota  and  Puellaro;  TAC- 
ZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  532 — Auquimarca;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1874,  P-  677 — Ccachupata,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  234 — Me"rida; 
idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  511 — Medellin,  Antioquia;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  610 — 
Sorata,  Tilotilo,  Rio  Miguella,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — 
Chachapoyas;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  86 — Machay  and  San 
Rafael,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  187,  1884 — Auquimarca, 
Chachapoyas,  Ccachupata,  Paucal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  9, 
1888 — Tilotilo,  Sorata,  Puellaro,  Jima,  Sical,  Bogota,  Me"rida;  SALVIN,  Nov. 
Zool.,  2,  p.  10,  1895 — Cajabamba  and  Succha  (Huamachuco) ;  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  355 — Garita  del  Sol,  Pariayacu; 
BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  174,  1898 — Macotama;  idem,  Proc. 
New  Eng.  Zool.  CL,  i,  p.  78,  1899 — El  Mamon;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  2,  1899 — Sigsig,  Ibarra,  and  Nanegal; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  700 — Pichincha;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607, 
1902 — Ibarra;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  112,  1906 — Huay- 
napata;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£og.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  646, 
1911 — Amboasi  and  Tumbaco;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1918 — 
Huancabamba;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  71, 1922 — 
Cumbaya,  above  Chaupicruz,  Quito,  and  Pichincha. 

Orodynastes  striaticollis  columbianus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  171, 
1913 — San  Lorenzo,  Santa  Marta  Mts. 

Orodynastes  striaticollis  striaticollis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  427,  1917 — Paramillo,  Santa  Isabel,  Fomeque;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 

B  The  markings  on  the  head  and  throat  as  well  as  the  shape  of  the  two  outer  primar- 
ies, as  shown  in  the  drawings,  leave  no  possible  doubt  as  to  Myiotheretes  having  been 
based  on  Tyrannus  rufiventris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D  ORBIGNY,  which,  furthermore, 
was  formally  designated  by  Gray  as  its  genotype.  Sclater's  later  action  (P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  27,  p.  331,  1859),  in  selecting  Tyrannus  rufiventris  VIEILLOT  as  type  is,  there- 
fore, inadmissible.  Orodynastes  RIDGWAY,  thus  becomes  a  synonym  of  Myiotheretes, 
while  a  new  name  has  to  be  created  for  Vieillot's  species. 


38    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  392,  1922 — San  Lorenzo,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  San 
Miguel,  and  Sierra  de  Mamarongo;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  23,  1925 — 
Yungas,  Bolivia. 

Range:    Highlands  of  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Merida),  Colombia,  Ecu- 
ador, Peru,  and  western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz)». 

5:    Peru  (Chinchao  4,  Panao  Mts.,  Dept.  Huanuco  i). 

*Myiotheretes    striaticollis    pallidus    Berlepsch*.      PALLID    GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Myiotheretes  striaticollis  pallidus  BERLEPSCH,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  p.  98, 
May  1906 — Norco,  Prov.  Tucuman;  idem,  Ornis,  14,  p.  353,  1907 — Norco; 
LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  25,  1909 — Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  189,  1909 — Norco  and  Tapia,  Tucuman. 

Tyrannus  rufiventris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  BURMEISTER,  Journ. 
Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Tucuman. 

Mionectes  (!)  rufiventris  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  453,  1861 — 
Tucuman. 

Myiotheretes  striaticollis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
12,  No.  292,  p.  ii,  1897 — Lesser,  Salta;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
p.  182,  1902 — San  Pablo,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  46, 
1905 — Rio  Sali,  San  Pablo,  Tucuman. 

Myiotheretes  striaticollis  subsp.  pallidus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  315,  1910 — prov.  Tucuman  and  Salta. 

Range :    Highlands  of  northwestern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Tucu- 
man and  Salta. 

i :    Argentina  (Anfama,  Tucuman  i). 


Genus  CNEMARCHUS  Ridgway. 

Cnemarchus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  208,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Taenioptera  erythropygia  SCLATER. 

*Cnemarchus  erythropygius  (Sclater).    RED-RUMPED  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Taenioptera  erythropygia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  "1851,"  p.  193,  pi.  41, 
June  1853 — Ecuador. 

•  On  comparing  some  thirty  specimens  from  MeYida  and  Santa  Marta  down  to 
Bolivia,  I  fail  to  see  any  racial  differentiation  in  this  widely  ranging  bird. 

b  Myiotheretes  striaticollis  pallidus  BERLEPSCH:  Readily  distinguished  from  the 
typical  race  by  much  paler  upper  parts;  much  narrower,  dusky  rather  than  blackish 
streaks  on  throat  and  foreneck;  much  lighter  under  parts;  slenderer,  smaller  bill. 
Four  specimens  from  Tucuman  examined. 

"Genus  Cnemarchus  RIDGWAY:  Very  close  to  Myiotheretes,  but  bill  very  much 
smaller;  tarsus  decidedly  longer;  tip  of  two  outer  primaries  (in  adult  male)  not 
emarginate;  tail  proportionately  longer. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  39 

Myiotheretes  erythropygius  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  28,  p.  78,  1860 — Panza; 
idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  197,  1862 — Panza;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  677 — Ccachupata;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  187, 
1884 — Ccachupata;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  87 — San  Rafael;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  9,  1888 — Panza, 
Sical,  Quito,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
P-  355 — Pariayacu,  Maraynioc;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  2,  1899 — Chaupi  (Illiniza);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  700 — Pichincha  and  Guamani  Pass;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool., 
14,  No.  25,  p.  71,  1922 — same  localities. 

Cnemarchus  erythropygius  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  86,  1921 — 
Cedrobamba,  Dept.  Cuzco. 

Range:    Highlands  of  Ecuador  and  Peru. 
4:    Peru  (Huanuco  Mts.,  Huanuco  4). 

Cnemarchus  rufipennis   (Taczanowski}*.     RUFOUS-WINGED   GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  rufipennis  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  134 — Maraynioc, 
Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  533 — same  locality;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  p.  678 — 
Ccachupata,  Dept.  Cuzco;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  233 — Agua  Blanca, 
Dept.  Cajamarca;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  221,  1884 — Maraynioc,  Agua  Blanca, 
Ccachupata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  60,  1888 — Ccachupata; 
SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  n,  1895 — Huamachuco,  Dept.  Libertad;  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  359 — Maraynioc  (Pariayacu); 
BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  468,  1907 — Bolivia  (crit.). 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Cajamarca  south)  and  Bolivia 
(Cocapata,  Dept.  La  Paz). 

NEOXOLMIS  genus  nov.b 

*Neoxolmis  rufiventris  (  Vieilloi).    CHOCOLATE  TYRANT. 

Tyrannus  rufiventris  VIEILLOT°,  Tabl.  enc.  meth.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  93,  p.  856,  1823 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  205,  Montevideo. 

a  Although  diverging  from  the  genotype  by  somewhat  longer  second  primary 
and  much  more  elongated  bill,  this  peculiar  species  seems  more  properly  referable 
to  Cnemarchus  than  to  any  other  genus. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chipa,  Dept.  Junin  i.  Bolivia:  Cocapata,  Dept. 
La  Paz  i. 

b  Neoxolmis  genus  nov. 

Somewhat  like  Myiotheretes,  but  tarsus  much  longer  (about  twice  as  long  as  mid- 
dle toe  without  claw);  claw  of  hallux  decidedly  longer  than  its  digit;  wing  relatively 
longer  and  much  more  pointed;  outermost  primary  much  longer,  equalling  or  exceed- 
ing second;  rictal  bristles  hardly  apparent. 

Type  Tyrannus  rufiventris  VIEILLOT. 

0  In  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  35,  p.  93,  1819,  the  bird  is  described  only 
under  the  French  vernacular  name  "Le  Pepoaza  a  ventre  rougeatre." 


4Q    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pepoaza  variegata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl. 
2,  p.  63,  1837 — Patagonia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined;  =juv.);  D'OR- 
BIGNY, Voyage  Amer.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  349,  pi.  39,  fig.  2,  1839 — Ilha  de  los 
Jabalis,  Bay  of  San  Bias,  Patagonia. 

Xolmis  variegata  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  55,  pi.  n,  1839 — Mai- 
donado  (Uruguay),  Bahia  Blanca  (Patagonia). 

Myiotheretes  rufiventris  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  196,  1862 — Parana; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  138,  141 — Conchitas,  near 
Buenos  Aires;  idem,  Ibis,  1868,  p.  187 — Possession  Bay,  Tierra  del  Fuego; 
DURNFORD,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  175 — Moreno  and  PuntaLara,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires; 
idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.394 — Chuput, Patagonia; WHITE, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  603 
— Monte  Grande,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS, Bull.  Nutt.Orn.Cl.,  8,  p.  140, 
1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn., 
I,  p.  112,  1888 — Argentina;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  464 — Lomas  de  Za- 
mora,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  8,  1888 — Buenos 
Aires,  Parand,  Maldonado,  Chubut;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac. 
Cienc.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Scient.  Cap 
Horn,  6,  p.  651, 1891 — Missionares, Tierra  del  Fuego;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  175 
— Uruguay;  HOLMBERG,  Seg.  Censo  Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  534,  1898;  CRAWSHAY, 
Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  60,  col.  pi.,  1907 — Useless  Bay;  HARTERT  and  VEN- 
TURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  189,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  315,  1910  (range);  GRANT,  Ibis, 
1911,  p.  no — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1918, 
P-  397 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2, 
p.  20,  1920 — Colonia,  Flores,  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268, 1922 
— Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  320, 
1923 — Huanuluan,  Rio  Negro;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922- 
23,  p.  644,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  447,  1926 — Arroyo  Seco  and  Cerro  Anecon  Grande,  Rio  Negro. 

Taenioptera  variegata  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  635 — vicinity  of 
Buenos  Aires;  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  333,  545 — Buenos  Aires  (habits). 

Taenioptera  australis  PHILIPPI,  Arch  Naturg.,  45  (i),  p.  158,  pi.  9  (=  o*  ad.), 
1879 — Dinamarqcure,  Patagonia;  BURMEISTER,  I.e.,  47  (i),  p.  133,  1881 — 
Buenos  Aires  (crit.,  descr.  c?  9 ,  habits). 

Range:  Breeding  in  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  southern  Patagonia, 
migrating  in  winter  as  far  north  as  Cordoba,  Buenos  Aires,  Entrerios, 
and  Uruguay. 

i:    Argentina  (Noetinger,  Prov.  Cordoba  i). 

Genus  OCHTHODIAETA  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Ochthodiaeta  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  48,  1859 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Tyrannula  fumigata  BOISSONNEAU. 

*Ochthodiaeta  fumigata  fumigata   (Boissonneau}.     SMOKY  GROUND- 
TYRANT. 

Tyrannula  fumigata  BOISSONNEAU,  Rev.  Zool.,  3,  p.  71,  1840 — Santa  F6  de 
Bogota. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  41 

Tyrannula  boissonneaui  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.  191,  1850 — new  name  for 
Tyrannula  fumigate  BOISSONNEAU. 

Tyrannus  fumigatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150,  1855 — Bogota. 

Ochthoeca  fumigata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  554,  1858 — Matos,  Ecuador; 
idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  67,  1860 — Chillanes;  idem,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  749 — Colombia  and 
Ecuador. 

Ochthodiaeta  fumigatus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  532 — Maraynioc 
and  Chilpes;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Cutervo;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1884,  p.  294 — La  Union;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  17,  1888 — 
Bogota,  Santa  Elena,  Chiquinda,  Matos,  Chillanes;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  I.e.,  1896,  p.  355 — Culumachay  (Maraynioc) ;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  700 — Pichincha  and  Papallacta. 

Ochthodiaeta  fumigata  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  511 — Santa 
Elena;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  188,  1884 — Chilpes,  Maraynioc, 
Cutervo,  Paucal;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  87 — 
La  Union  and  San  Rafael;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  2,  1899 — Pun  and  Papallacta;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr. 
Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  646,  1911 — Frutillas;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  427,  1917 — Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Almaguer, 
Laguneta,  Santa  Isabel,  Choachi;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14, 
No.  25,  p.  71,  1922 — Verdecocha  road  to  Mindo. 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  range),  Ecuador 
and  Peru,  south  to  Junina. 

5:  Colombia  (Bogotd  2);  Peru  (Panao  Mountains,  Dept.  Huan- 
uco  3). 

Ochthodiaeta  fumigata  lugubris  Berlepschb.    MERIDA  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Ochthodiaeta  lugubris  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  492,  1883 — MeYida,  Venezuela; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  17,  1888 — MeYida. 

Ochthoeca  fumigata  (not  of  BOISSONNEAU)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1870,  p.  781 — upper  wood  region  of  MeYida. 

Range :    Andes  of  Merida,  western  Venezuela. 

Ochthodiaeta  signata  Taczanowski".    JELSKI'S  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Ochthodiaeta  signatus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  532 — Auquimarca 
and  Nmabamba,  Dept.  Junin;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  17,  1888 — 
Peru. 

s  Material  examined. — "Bogota"  6,  "Quito"  2,  Pichincha  3,  Papallacta  i,  Panao 
Mts.  3. 

b  Ochthodiaeta  fumigata  lugubris  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  to  0.  f.  fumigata,  but  under 
tail-coverts  deep  ochraceous  instead  of  sooty  brown  like  the  abdomen.  Four  speci- 
mens examined. 

0  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species  which  is  known  only  from  the  two  origi- 
nal examples  secured  by  the  late  C.  Jelski  in  Peru. 

I 


42    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ochthodiaeta  signata  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  189,  1884 — Auquimarca  and 
Ninabamba. 

Range:    Andes  of  central  Peru  (Dept.  Junin). 

Ochthodiaeta   fuscorufa    SCLATER    and    SALVIN.       RUFOUS-BELLIED 
GROUND-TYRANT. 

Ochthodiaeta  fuscorufus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  354 — 
Tilotilo,  Prov.  Yungas,  Bolivia  (type)  and  Paucartambo,  Peru;  idem,  I.e., 
1879,  p.  610 — Tilotilo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  190,  1884 — Paucar- 
tambo; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  18,  pi.  5,  1888 — Tilotilo,  Paucar- 
tambo. 

Range:    Andes  of  Bolivia  (Tilotilo,  Dept.  La  Paz;  Incachaca,  Dept. 
Cochabamba)  and  southeastern  Peru  (Paucartambo,  Dept.  Cuzco)». 

Ochthodiaeta  pernix  Bangsb.     SANTA  MARTA  GROUND-TYRANT. 

Ochthodiaeta  pernix  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  95,  1899 — Macotama, 
Santa  Marta  range  (type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zoology  examined);  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  152,  1900 — San  Lorenzo. 

Octhodiaeta  pernix  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  391,  pi.  5, 
1922 — San  Lorenzo  and  Cerro  de  Caracas. 

Range :    Temperate  Zone  of  the  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  Colombia. 


Genus  OCHTHOECA  Cabanis. 

Ochthoeca  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  255,  1847 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(Gray,  1855,  p.  48),  Fluvicola  oenanthoides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  oenanthoides   (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
D'ORBIGNY'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Fluvicola  oenanthoides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  60,  1837 — La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'OR- 
BIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  344,  pi.  38,  fig.  2,  1839 — La  Paz. 

Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Bolivia  alta  (ex 
D'ORBIGNY);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  610 — part,  La  Paz  (ex  D'OR- 
BIGNY); TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  192,  1884 — part,  descr.  of  type  in 
Paris  Museum;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  25,  1909 — Tilcara,  Jujuy 
(spec,  examined). 

•  One  adult  male  from  Incachaca,  Bolivia,  in  collection  of  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History  (No.  137425)  examined. 

b  Ochthodiaeta  pernix  BANGS:  Nearest  to  O.  fuscorufa,  but  with  longer  bill;  upper 
parts  darker,  bister  brown;  the  hazel  double  wing  band  barely  suggested  by  narrow 
apical  edges  of  dull  ferruginous  on  median  and  greater  coverts;  throat  conspicuously 
streaked  with  dusky;  chest  clouded  with  dusky,  producing  a  kind  of  spotting;  abdo- 
men and  under  tail-coverts  much  deeper,  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  ochraceous 
tawny.  Wing  (adult  male,  the  type)  102;  tail  87;  bill  23. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  43 

Ochthoeca  polionota  pacifica  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  354,  Feb.  1907 — La  Paz, 

Bolivia  (type  examined). 
Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  oenanthoides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  164,  1914 — La 

Paz  and  Sajatna,  Bolivia,  and  Jujuy,  Argentina  (crit.,  descr.). 
Muscisaxicola  morenoi  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  xx,  p.  258,  1904 — Santa 

Catalina,  Jujuy*. 

•  According  to  Dr.  Dabbene  (in  litt.)  and  a  colored  sketch  of  the  type  specimen 
forwarded  to  me. 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  (La  Paz;  Sajama,  Oruro),  northern  Chile 
(Prov.  Tacna),  and  northwestern  Argentina  (prov.  Jujuy  and  Tucu- 
mdn)a. 

6:  Chile  (Putre,  Prov.  Tacna  3);  Argentina  (Colalao  del  Valle, 
Prov.  Tucumdn  3). 

*Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  polionota  Sclater  and  Salvinb.  SOOTY-BACKED 
CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  polionota  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.  for  Nov.  1869,  p.  599, 
1870 — Pitumarca,  Dep.  Cuzco  (type  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874, 
P-  533 — part,  Maraynioc;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  193,  1884 — Maraynioc; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  20,  1888 — Pitumarca,  Maraynioc;  BER- 
LEPSCH and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  365 — Ingapirca  and  Queta, 
Dept.  Junin  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  127,  1906 — Puno;  SALVIN, 
Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  10,  1895 — Huamachuco,  Dept.  Libertad  (spec,  examined). 

Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  polionota  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  165,  1914 — 
Ollachea,  near  Macusanai,  Dept.  Puno,  and  Queta,  near  Tarma,  Dept.  Junin 
(crit.,  descr.);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  38,  1920 — Ollachea, 
Puno;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  87,  1921 — Cuzco,  La  Raya, 
Tirapata,  Limbani,  Puno. 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru,  from  depts.  Libertad  (Huamachuco)  and 
Hudnuco  south  to  Cuzco  and  Puno. 

2:    Peru  (La  Quinua,  Dept.  Hudnuco  2). 

a  Birds  from  Argentina  and  La  Paz  appear  to  be  identical  while  those  from  Tacna 
and  Sajama,  by  slightly  darker  coloration,  point  to  O.  o.  polionota. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL 

Two  males  from  La  Paz,  Bolivia  83,83^  68,68 

One  female  from  La  Paz  78  69 

One  female  from  Sajama,  Oruro  79  69 

Three  males  from  Prov.  Tucumdn  80-8 1  68-70 

One  male  from  Tilcara,  Jujuy  80  68 

One  male  from  Putre,  Tacna  85  74 

Two  females  from  Putre  80,80  70,71 

b  Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  polionota  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Differs  from  O.  o.  oenan- 
thoides by  larger  size,  much  darker  sooty  upper  parts  without  trace  of  buffy  tips  to 
greater  wing-coverts,  sooty  gray  (instead  of  whitish)  throat,  much  deeper  rufous 
belly,  fulvous  (instead  of  buffy  or  whitish)  under  tail-coverts,  much  darker  axillaries, 
etc.  Wing  87-91,  (female)  83;  tail  73-76,  (female)  70;  bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Huamachuco  i,  La  Quinua  2,  Queta,  Tarma  i,  Pitu- 
marca 3,  Ollachea  2,  Anta,  near  Cuzco  2,  Lauramarca  i. 


44     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Ochthoeca  superciliosa  Sclater  and  Salvin*.    RUFOUS-BROWED  CHAT- 
TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  superciliosa  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend,  for  Nov.  1870,  p.  786, 
1871 — Paramos  of  Me'rida;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  750 — Venezuela  alta;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  19,  1888 — Paramos  of  Merida. 

Range:    Andes  of  Merida,  western  Venezuela. 
5:    Venezuela    (Montanas   Sierra    i,    Conejos    i,    Escorial    i,   Rio 
Mucuj6n  2). 

^Ochthoeca  fumicolorb  fumicolor  Sclater.    SMOKE-BROWN  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca fumicolor  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  28,  pi.  1 17,  June  1856 — Bogota; 

idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  198,  1862 — part,  spec,  a,  Bogota;  idem,  P.  Z. 

S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  749 — part,  Colombia;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  19, 

1888 — Bogotd;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  51,  p.  306,  1899 — Bogota. 
Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 

Per.,  2,  p.  192,  1884 — part,  "Nouvelle  Grenade." 
Ochthoeca  fumicolor  fumicolor  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  165,  1914 — Bogota 

(diag.). 
Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  fumicolor  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

p.  428,  1917 — Choachi,  Chipaque,  El  Pifion,  Palo  Hueco,  La  Mar,  Pradera, 

Eastern  Andes  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogota  region),  north  to  San- 
tander  (Paramo  de  Tama,  on  the  Venezuelan  line)c. 

6:  Colombia  (Bogota  i,  Choachi  i,  Palo  Hueco  i);  Venezuela 
(Paramo  de  Tama  3). 

^Ochthoeca  fumicolor  brunneifrons  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*.  BROWN- 
FRONTED  CHAT-TYRANT. 

•  Ochthoeca  superciliosa  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  while  nearly  allied  to  O.  fumi- 
color, nevertheless  differs  very  decidedly  by  deep  cinnamon  rufous  superciliaries  and 
belly,  white  under  tail-coverts,  pure  white  outer  web  of  the  outermost  rectrix,  and 
much  darker  coloration  of  upper  parts,  throat  and  foreneck.  The  lower  surface  is 
even  much  darker  than  in  0.  f.  berlepschi. 

Nineteen  specimens  examined. 

b  As  pointed  out  in  another  connection  (see  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  163,  1914),  the 
O.  fumicolor  group  obviously  is  specifically  distinct  from  O.  oenanthoides. 

0  The  birds  from  Paramo  de  Tama  generally  have  the  breast  slightly  duller  and 
the  flanks  less  rufescent,  but  this  rather  insignificant  divergency  is  not  quite  constant. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  6,  Chipaque  3,  El  Pifion  3,  La  Mar  i, 
Paramo  de  Choachi  2,  Palo  Hueco  i.  Venezuela:  Paramo  de  Tama  3. 

d  Ochthoeca  fumicolor  brunneifrons  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Similar  to  O.  f. 
fumicolor,  but  larger;  wing  bands  narrower;  posterior  portion  of  superciliary  stripe 
deep  ochraceous;  belly  much  brighter,  more  of  a  cinnamon  rufous  hue,  this  color 
extending  up  to  the  foreneck ;  back  more  rufous  brown. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Santa  Elena  4.  Ecuador:  Sanjas  i,  Quito  4, 
Pichincha  4,  Cechce  i.  Peru:  Cutervo  i,  Molinopampa  i,  Mts.  near  Balsas  i, 
Hudnuco  Mts.  3,  Maraynioc  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  45 

Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  brunneifrons  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  355 — Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru  (type  in  Berlepsch  Collection 
examined);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 — Cayambe,  northern 
Ecuador;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Arc  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  647,  1911 — 
Chambo,  Pichincha;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  428,  1917 
— Paramillo,  Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Valle  de  las  Pappas,  Santa  Isabel, 
Santa  Elena,  Colombia;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  22,  p. 
71,  1922 — below  Lloa,  below  Nono,  and  Chinquil,  Ecuador. 

Ochthoeca  fumicolor  (not  of  SCLATER,  1856)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  554, 
1858 — Titiacun,  near  Riobamba;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  79,  1860 — Panza;  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  1862,  p.  198 — part,  spec,  b,  Titiacun;  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1871,  p.  749 — part,  Ecuador;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  511 — 
Santa  Elena  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Cutervo; 
idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  191,  1884 — Maraynioc,  Paucal;  BERLEPSCH  and  TAC- 
ZANOWSKI, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  295 — Cechce,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1885, 
p.  87 — San  Rafael,  Tunguragua. 

Ochthoeca  polionota  (errore)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  533 — part, 
Maraynioc  (spec,  examined). 

Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  20,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-i,  Santa  Elena,  Medellin  (Colombia), 
Sical,  Maravina,  Panza,  Titiacun  (Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  701 
— Pichincha,  Mojanda,  Papallacta. 

Ochthoeca  brunneifrons  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No. 
362,  p.  170,  1899 — El  Troje,  Chaupi,  Papallacta. 

Ochthoeca  fumicolor  brunneifrons  HELLMAYH,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  166,  1914 — Peru 
and  Ecuador  (crit.,  descr.,  range). 

Range:  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Junin  northwards)  and  Ecua- 
dor; Western  and  Central  Andes  of  Colombia. 

6:  Ecuador  (Sanjas  i);  Peru  (Molinopampa  i,  Mountains  east  of 
Balsas  i,  Huanuco  Mts.  3). 

Ochthoeca    fumicolor    berlepschi     Hellmayr*.    BERLEPSCH'S    CHAT- 
TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  fumicolor  berlepschi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  167,  1914 — Malaga, 
western  Bolivia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  87,  1921 — above 
Matchu  Picchu,  Dept.  Cuzco. 

Ochthoeca  oenanthoides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  600 — Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  677 — Ccachupata, 
Peru  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  610 — part,  "Mapiri,"  Bolivia; 

•  Ochthoeca  fumicolor  berlepschi  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  O.  f.  brunneifrons  on  the 
under  parts,  but  easily  recognizable  by  the  light  grayish  hair  brown  (instead  of  deep 
brown)  pileum  and  hindneck,  paler  (grayish  brown  rather  than  deep  sooty  brown) 
auriculars,  and  much  narrower,  yellowish  white  superciliaries ;  the  rufous  of  the 
abdomen,  too,  is  somewhat  brighter.  Wing  (male)  84-85;  tail  73-77;  bill  12^-13. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Ccachupata  2,  Limbani  i.  Bolivia:  Malaga  2, 
above  Chaco  i. 


46    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  192,  1884 — part,  Ccachupata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  20,  1888 — part,  spec,  j-n,  Ccachupata,  "Mapiri,"  Bolivia. 

Range:  Andes  of  southeastern  Peru  (in  depts.  Cuzco  and  Puno) 
and  western  Bolivia  (Dept.  La  Paz). 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  piurae  Chapman*.     PIURA  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  piurae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  3,  June  1924 — Palambla, 
Piura,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Range:    Northwestern  Peru  (Dept.  Piura). 

^Ochthoeca  leucophrys  leucometopa  Sclater  and  Salvinb.     PERUVIAN 
CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  leucometopa  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  19 — "W. 
Peru,  Prov.  Cuzco  (Whitely) ;  district  of  Junin  (Jelski)"  (the  type  examined  in 
the  British  Museum  is  from  Chihuata,  above  Arequipa) ;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e., 
1879,  p.  232 — Chota,  Dept.  Cajamarca;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Cutervo; 
SCLATER,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  487 — Andes  above  Lima;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  193,  1884 — Huanta,  Tarma,  Acancocha,  Chota,  Cutervo,  Paucartambo; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  21,  pi.  6,  1888 — Chihuata,  Tinta,  Paucar- 
tambo, Islay,  Acancocha,  Andes  of  Lima;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  10,  1895 — 
Huamachuco,  Cajabamba,  Cajamarca  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  356 — Acobamba  and  Tarma,  Dept. 
Junin. 

Octhoeca  leucophrys  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  986 — Islay  and  Chihuata,  Dept.  Arequipa;  idem,  I.e., 
1869,  p.  569 — west  slope  of  the  Andean  range,  Peru. 

Octhoeca  leucophrys  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  154 — Tinta. 
Ochthoeca  leucophrys  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Peruvia  alta. 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  780 — Paucartambo; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  533 — Huanta,  Dept.  Ayacucho,  and  Acancocha; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  677 — Paucartambo. 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  leucometopa  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  39, 
1920 — Lucre,  Anta,  Lauramarca,  and  Urubamba,  Dept.  Cuzco  (crit.);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  87,  1921 — Urubamba  region. 

•  Ochthoeca  leucophrys  piurae  CHAPMAN:  Agreeing  with  O.  I.  leucophrys  in  having 
two  well-defined,  bright  tawny  wing  bands  and  whitish  edges  to  the  secondaries; 
but  much  smaller;  lower  rump  washed  with  rufous  brown  (like  tucumana),  and 
under  parts  much  whiter,  only  a  restricted  area  on  the  chest  being  tinged  with  paler 
gray.  Wing  (one  male)  61 ;  tail  57;  bill  12. 

b  Ochthoeca  leucophrys  leucometopa  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Differs  from  O.  I.  leu- 
cophrys by  lacking  the  two  well-defined  tawny  bands  across  the  wings. 

Birds  from  the  more  northern  parts  of  Peru  average  rather  darker  and  browner 
above  than  those  from  Matucana,  Arequipa,  and  Tacna. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Cajamarca  7,  Cajabamba  4,  Celendin  i,  Huama- 
chuco 5,  Cullcui  i,  Macate  i,  Huanuco  6,  Matucana  3,  Chihuata  (the  type)  i,  Lucre, 
Cuzco  12,  Anta,  Cuzco  4,  Urubamba  i.  Chile,  Prov.  Tacna:  Palca  i,  Putre  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  47 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Caja- 
marca  southwards)  and  northwestern  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna). 

15:  Peru  (Cajamarca  i;  Cullcui,  Maranon  River  i;  Macate,  Dept. 
Ancachs  i;  La  Quinua,  Huanuco  4,  Huanuco  Mts.  2;  Matucana  3); 
Chile  (Putre,  Prov.  Tacna  3). 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  leucophrys  (Lqfresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).    WHITE- 
BROWED  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Fluvicola  leucophrys  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  60,  1837 — Sicasica,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  345,  pi.  38,  fig.  i,  1839 — vicinity  of 
Enquisivi,  Prov.  Sicasica. 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  610 — 
La  Paz,  Inquisivi,  Tilotilo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  21,  1888 — 
Tilotilo,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  (depts.  La  Paz,  Cochabamba,  and 
Santa  Cruz)a. 

*Ochthoeca  leucophrys  tucumana  Berlepschb.    TUCUM^N  CHAT-TYRANT, 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  tucumana  BERLEPSCH,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  16,  p.  98,  June 
1906 — Norco,  Tucuman;  idem,  Ornis,  14,  p.  353,  1907 — Norco;  HARTERT  and 
VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  190,  1909 — Norco,  La  Cienaga,  Prov.  Tucuman; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  317,  1910 — Sierra  de  Tucuman, 
Fuerte  de  Andalgala  (Catamarca),  Chilecito  (La  Rioja). 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  603 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala,  Catamarca;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Argent.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  121,  1888 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  HOLMBERG,  Seg.  Censo 
Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  $34,  1898 — part,  Argentina;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
8,  p.  183,  1902 — Yerba  Buena,  Cebil  Redondo,  Tafi  Viejo,  Prov.  Tucumdn; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — same  localities. 

Ochthoeca  leucophrys  subsp.  tucumana  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  25,  1919 — • 
Yerba  Buena,  Tucuman. 

Range:  Andes  of  western  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  La  Rioja, 
Catamarca,  and  Tucumdn. 

7:  Argentina  (Anfama,  Tucuman  i;  Aconquija,  Tucuman  i;  Las 
Pavas,  Tucuman  5). 

»  Two  specimens  from  Sicasica  and  one  from  La  Paz  examined. 

b  Ochthoeca  leucophrys  tucumana  BERLEPSCH:  Nearest  to  O.  I.  leucophrys,  but 
lower  back  decidedly  tinged  with  rufous ;  wing  bands  wider  and  deeper  hazel ;  edges 
to  secondaries  broader  and  darker,  cinnamon  rufous  rather  than  buffy  or  whitish. 
Wing  (male)  78,  (female)  73;  tail  74,  (female)  69;  bill  13. 

Material  examined. — Tucuman  (Norco,  Anfama,  La  Cienaga,  Concepcion,  Las 
Pavas)  15. 


48     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  rufipectoralis   (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny)*. 
RUFOUS-BREASTED  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Flwricola  rufi-pectoralis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  60,  1837 — Ayupaya,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  345,  pi.  37,  fig.  2,  1839 — vicinity  of 
Palca,  Prov.  Ayupaya,  Bolivia. 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Bolivia. 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  6n — Palca 
(Ayupaya),  Ramosani,  Tilotilo  (Yungas);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  23,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Tilotilo  and  Ramosani,  Bolivia. 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  rufipectoralis  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  41,  1920 — Limbani  and  Marcapata,  Carabaya  (crit.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Bolivia  (depts.  La  Paz 
and  Cochabamba)  and  extreme  southeastern  Peru  (Sierra  of  Cara- 
baya, Dept.  Puno). 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis   tectricialis    Chapman*.     URUBAMBA   CHAT- 
TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  tectricialis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  88, 
July  1921 — Huaracondo  Canyon  (type),  above  Matchu  Picchu  and  above 
Torontoy,  Urubamba  region,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1873,  p.  780,  781 — Ccachupata,  Dept.  Cuzco  (crit.);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  678 — Ccachupata;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  194, 
1884 — Ccachupata  (descr.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  23,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  f,  Ccachupata. 

Ochthoeca  lessoni  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  533 — 
Maraynioc,  Pumamarca;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  195,  1884, — part,  Maraynioc, 
Pumamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  23,  1888 — part,  middle 
Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  357 — Maraynioc, 
Dept.  Junin. 

Range:  Southern  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin  (Maraynioc,  Rumicruz) 
and  Cuzco  (upper  Urubamba  Valley). 

•  Ochthoeca  r.  rufipectoralis  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  is  characterized  by 
the  complete  absence  of  rufous  markings  on  the  upper  wing-coverts  and  secondaries, 
the  sooty  back,  and  by  the  deep  rufous  of  the  pectoral  area  being  carried  up  to  the 
base  of  the  bill.  Wing  69-72;  tail  60-65 ;  bill  1 1. 

Birds  from  Limbani,  Carabaya  appear  to  be  identical  with  the  Bolivian  ones. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Ayupaya  i,  Cocapata  4.   Peru:   Limbani  4. 

b  Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  tectricialis  CHAPMAN:  Nearly  allied  to,  and  closely  re- 
sembling O.  r.  rufipectoralis  on  the  under  parts,  but  greater  upper  wing-coverts  nar- 
rowly (about  i  to  2  mm.  wide)  margined  with  hazel  and  back  more  brownish.  Wing 
65-70;  tail  54-61;  bill  H-I2. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Torontoy  2;  Matchu  Picchu  i;  Maraynioc  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  49 

*Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  centralis  subsp.   nov.»     ZIMMER'S    CHAT- 
TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  lessoni  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  232 — 
Tambillo;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Cutervo;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p'.  18 — Tamia- 
pampa;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  195,  1884 — part,  Tambillo,  Cutervo,  Tamia- 
pampa,  Paucal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  23,  1888 — part,  northern 
Peru. 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  northern  Peru,  from  depts. 
Cajamarca  and  Amazonas  south  to  Huanuco. 

10:    Peru  (Molinopampa  2,  Panao  Mts.  5,  Huanuco  Mts.  3). 

*Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  rufopectus  (Lesson),   LESSON'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Tyrannulus  rufopectus  LESSON,  ficho  du  Monde  Savant,  n,  No.  10,  p.  233,  Aug. 
1844 — "Colombie"  =Bogotd;  idem,  Oeuvr.  compl.  Buffon,  e"d.  LeVdque,  20, 
[  =  Descr.  Mammif.  et  Ois.],  p.  296,  1847 — Colombia. 

Octhoeca  lessoni  ScLATERb,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  28,  June  1856 — new  name  for 
Tyrannulus  rufopectus  LESSON  1847;  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  554,  1856 — Matos;  idem, 
I.e.,  28,  p.  63,  68,  1860 — Chillanes;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  92,  1860 — above  Puellaro. 

Ochthoeca  lessoni  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Colombia  alta;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  511 — Santa  Elena;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1884,  p.  295 — Cechce,  La  Union,  Tribulpata,  Chaguarpata;  idem,  I.e., 
1885,  p.  87 — Bafios;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  23,  1888 — part, 
Colombia,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No. 
362,  p.  3,  1899 — Chaupi,  Frutillas,  Pun,  Papallacta;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1901,  p.  701 — Pichincha,  Aloag,  Mojanda  Pass,  Papallacta;  MENEGAUX, 
Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  648,  1911 — Gualea;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  429,  1917 — Paramillo  Trail,  Andes 
west  of  Popayan,  Laguneta,  Almaguer,  Valle  de  las  Pappas,  Palo  Hueca; 
L6NNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72,  1922 — Chinquil, 
below  Nono,  road  to  Nanegal. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  region),  Ecuador,  and  northwestern  Peru  (Dept.  Piura)0. 

•  Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  centralis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Panao  Mountains,  alt.  10,300  ft.,  Dept.  Huanuco,  Peru  in  Field  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History,  No.  56653.  Adult  female.  July  4,  1922.  J.  T.  Zimmer. 

Very  close  to  O.  r.  rufopectus,  but  rufous  of  pectoral  area  decidedly  brighter  and 
purer,  less  shaded  with  grayish;  back  more  brownish;  hazel  wing  bands  slightly 
narrower.  Not  unlike  O.  r.  tectricialis,  but  the  rufous  below  rather  paler  and  less 
extended  abdominally  as  well  as  anteriorly,  and  greater  wing-coverts  much  more 
broadly  tipped  with  hazel  (3-4  mm.  wide  against  1-2  mm.  in  tectricialis).  Wing  71-72, 
(female)  65-69;  tail  61-63,  (female)  57-63;  bill  11-12. 

Birds  from  Molinopampa  are  intermediate  to  0.  r.  rufopectus. 

Material  examined. — Molinopampa  2,  Huanuco  Mts.  3,  Panao  Mts.  5. 

b  Proposed  as  a  substitute  name  on  the  assumption  that  Tyrannulus  rufopectus 
LESSON  1847  was  preoccupied  by  Tyrannula  rufipectus  LAFRESNAYE  1846.  Lesson's 
species,  was,  however,  for  the  first  time  described  in  1844,  so  there  is  no  reason  for 
rejecting  his  name. 

0  Specimens  from  El  Tambo,  between  Palambla  and  Huancabamba  are  referable 
to  this  race  (F.  M.  Chapman,  in  litt.).  Twenty-eight  specimens  from  Colombia  and 
Ecuador  examined. 


50    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

7:  Colombia  (Bogotd  i,  coast  range  west  of  Popayan  i,  Alma- 
guer  i),  Ecuador  (Chical  3,  Hoyaucshi  i). 

Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  poliogastra  Salvin  and  Godman*.  GRAY- 
BELLIED  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  poliogastra  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (4)  4,  p.  123,  1880 — Sierra  Nevada 

de  Santa  Marta;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  24,  1888 — same  locality; 

BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  96,  1899 — Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta. 

Ochthoeca  poliogaster  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  174,  1898 — Macotama. 

Octhoeca  poliogastris  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  390,  1922 — 

Paramo  de  Macotama,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Macotama,  Paramo  de  Mamarongo, 

Paramo  de  Chiruqua. 

Range:    Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. 

*Ochthoeca  nigrita  Sclater  and  Salvinb.    BLACK  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  nigrita  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  787,  1871 — 
Paramos  of  MeYida,  Venezuela;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  750 — MeYida;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  25,  1888 — part,  Andes  of  Venezuela. 

Range :    Andes  of  Merida,  western  Venezuela. 
2:    Venezuela,  Andes  of  Merida  (Nevados  2). 

*Ochthoeca  cinnamomeiventris  (Lafresnaye).  CHESTNUT-BELLIED 
CHAT-TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  cinnamomeiventris  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  291,  1843 — "Co- 
lombie"  =  Bogota. 

Ochthoeca  cinnamomeiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Columbia 
alta;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  511 — Envigado  and  Santa  Elena; 
TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  87 — Machay  and  San  Rafael, 
Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  24,  1888 — Bogota,  Envigado, 
Santa  Elena,  Medellin  (Colombia),  Jima  (Ecuador);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  701 — Lloa  and  Pichincha;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  429,  1917 — N6vita  Trail,  Cerro  Munchique,  Salento,  Rio  Toche",  La  Palma, 
Aguadita,  Chipaque;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72 
1922 — Baeza,  road  to  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  and  eastern  Ecuador. 
3:    Colombia  (Bogota  i,  La  Palma  i,  Paramo  de  Tama  i). 

•  Ochthoeca  rufipectoralis  poliogastra  SALVIN  and  GODMAN:  Agreeing  with  0.  r. 
rufopeclus  in  width  of  cinnamon-rufous  wing-band,  but  slightly  larger;  crown  mummy 
brown  (not  dusky  gray),  hardly  different  from  color  of  back;  superciliaries  less 
distinct,  tinged  with  buffy  on  posterior  portion;  abdomen  light  gray  instead  of  white. 
Wing  72-74;  tail  63-66;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta  6. 

b  Ochthoeca  nigrita  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  is  very  closely  related  to  O.  thoracica, 
from  which  it  mainly  differs  by  smaller  size  and  absence  of  chestnut  pectoral  band. 
Both  are  probably  geographic  races  of  0.  cinnamomeiventris. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  51 

*Ochthoeca    thoracica     Taczanowski.      CHESTNUT-BREASTED    CHAT- 
TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  thoracica  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  133 — Chilpes,  Vitoc, 
Dept.  Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  533 — Chilpes  and  Higos;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  233 — 
Tambillo;  SCLATER  and  SAL  VIM,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  611 — Tilotilo,  Prov.  Yungas; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — Tamiapampa;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  197, 
1884 — Chilpes,  Higos,  Tambillo,  Tamiapampa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  25,  1888 — Tilotilo;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — 
Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  357 — Maraynioc, 
Dept.  Junin;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  No.  20,  p.  322,  1910 — 
Cumpang,  Prov.  Huallaga;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  40, 
1920 — Chuhuasi,  Dept.  Puno  (crit.)  ;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  88,  1921 — above  Torontoy,  Urubamba  region. 

Ochthoeca  nigrita  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  197, 
1884 — Tambillo  (=juv.). 

Range :  Andes  of  Peru  (from  depts.  Cajamarca  and  Amazonas  south- 
wards) and  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba)*. 

2:    Peru  (Molinopampa  2). 

Ochthoeca  albidiadema  albidiadema  (Lajresnaye) .     WHITE-FRONTED 
CHAT-TYRANT. 

Setophaga  albidiadema  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  u,  p.  8,  1848 — "Colombie"  = 
Bogota. 

Ochthoeca  albidiema  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  199,  1862 — Bogotd; 
idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Columbia;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  22,  1888 — Bogotd. 

Ochthoeca  albidiedema  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  428,  1917 — 
Tocaimito,  Eastern  Andes. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogota 
region). 

Ochthoeca    albidiadema    frontalis    (Lajresnaye),      YELLOW-FRONTED 
CHAT-TYRANT. 

Tyrannula  frontalis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  10,  p.  70,  1847 — Pasto,  "in  Peruvia" 
=  Colombia;  Stone,  Auk,  16,  p.  78,  1899  (crit.). 

•  In  birds  from  northern  Peru  the  chestnut  pectoral  zone  is  somewhat  narrower 
than  in  those  from  southeastern  Peru  and  Bolivia.  No  material  from  the  type  locality 
is  available.  The  northern  form  has  since  been  described  by  F.  M.  Chapman  (Amer. 
Mus.  Novit.,  231,  p.  2,  1926)  as  Ochthoeca  thoracica  angustifasciata  (type  from  La 
Lejia  ,north  of  Chachapoyas,  Dept.  Amazonas). 

Specimens  examined. — Peru:  Molinopampa  2,  Tamiapampa  i,  Leimabamba  2, 
Chachapoyas  i,  Limbani,  Carabaya  i,  Santo  Domingo  i,  Chuhuasi  4.  Bolivia: 
Chaco  4,  Sandillani,  Western  Yungas  i,  Quebrada  Onda,  Eastern  Yungas  2. 


52    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ochthoeca  citrinifrons  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1862,  p.  113 — highlands  of  Ecua- 
dor"; idem,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  750 — Ecuador;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  22, 
pi.  7,  fig.  i,  1888 — Ecuador,  part;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Bull.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  2,  1899 — part,  Chinguil  (Lloa),  Prov.  Pichincha; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  701 — part,  west  side  of  Pinchincha. 

Ochthoeca  frontalis  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  50 — Pasto  (crit.  on 
type);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  428,  1917 — Santa 
Isabel,  Colombia;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  Mend,  fiquat.,  9, 
p.  847,  1911 — Lloa  and  Frutillas;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14, 
No.  25,  p.  72,  1922 — below  Lloa,  Nanegal,  and  below  Nono. 

Range :  Western  Ecuador,  and  Western  and  Central  Andes  of  Col- 
ombia (Pasto,  Santa  Isabel)15. 

Ochthoeca    albidiadema    orientalis    Chapman".      EASTERN    YELLOW- 
FRONTED  CHAT-TYRANT. 
Ochthoeca  frontalis  orientalis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  4,  1924 — 

Oyacachi,  upper  Papallacta  River,  Ecuador. 

Ochthoeca  citrinifrons  (not  of  SCLATER  1862)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  22, 
1888 — Ecuador,  part;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  2,  1899 — part,  Papallacta;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  701 — part, 
Papallacta. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Oyacachi,  Papallacta). 

Ochthoeca  albidiadema  jelskii  Taczanowski*.    JELSKI'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  jelskii  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  71 — Montana  de  Nancho 

[  =  Paucal],  Dept.  Cajamarca;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  198,  1884 — same  locality. 
Ochthoeca  pulchella  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 

p.  22,  1888 — part,  Peru;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  10,  1895 — Cajabamba. 
Ochthoeca  pulchella  jelskii  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  55,  p.  474,  1926 — 

Guachanamd,  San  Bartolo  and  Celica  (Ecuador),  Palambla  and  El  Tambo 

(Peru). 

Range:  Northwestern  Peru  (Nancho,  Cajabamba,  Palambla),  and 
adjacent  section  of  southwestern  Ecuador  (Celica,  San  Bartolo,  Gua- 
chanama). 

•  Chapman  (Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  4,  1924)  suggests  vicinity  of  Quito  as 
type  locality. 

b  Nine  specimens  from  western  Ecuador  examined. 

c  Ochthoeca  albidiadema  orientalis  CHAPMAN:  Very  close  to  0.  a.  frontalis,  but 
crown  more  blackish,  back  darker  brown,  under  parts  darker  gray,  with  less  white  on 
abdomen,  flanks  slightly  deeper  ochraceous. 

Two  specimens  from  Papallacta  examined. 

d  Ochthoeca  albidiadema  jelskii  TACZANOWSKI:  Differs  from  the  Ecuadorian  races 
by  much  more  rufous,  almost  chestnut  brown  back,  paler  under  parts,  and  by  having 
two  well-defined  bands  of  rich  hazel  across  the  wing.  Wing  67;  tail  60;  bill  12. 

One  specimen  from  Cajabamba  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  53 

Ochthoeca  albidiadema  spodionota  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*.    KALI- 
NOWSKI'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  jelskii  spodionota  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1896,  p. 

356 — Maraynioc,  Dept.  Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  1902  (2),  p.  57  (crit.). 
Ochthoeca  frontalis  spodionota  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  87,  1921 — 

above  Matchu  Picchu  (crit.). 

Range :  Temperate  Zone  of  central  and  southeastern  Peru  (Maray- 
nioc, Dept.  Junin;  above  Matchu  Picchu,  Urubamba,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

Ochthoeca  albidiadema  pulchella  Sclater  and  Salvinh.    YELLOW-BROWED 

CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  pulchella  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  355 — Tilotilo, 
Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  610 — Tilotilo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  22,  pi.  7,  fig.  2,  1888 — part,  Bolivia. 

Range :  Western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz)  and  adjacent  districts 
of  extreme  southeastern  Peru  (Santo  Domingo,  Dept.  Puno). 

*Ochthoeca  diadema  diadema  (Hartlaub).  HARTLAUB'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Myiobius  diadema  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  289,  1843 — "Nouvelle  Gre- 
nade" =  Bogota. 

Muscicapa  fusco-capilla  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  291,  1843 — Bogota. 

Tyrannida  diadema  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  79,  1844  (crit.);  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogotd. 

Mecocerculus  diadema  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  199,  1862 — Bogotd. 

Ochthoeca  diadema  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — upper 
wood  region  of  Me'rida;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  750 — Colombia  alta;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  26,  1888 — Venezuela,  Bogota. 

Ochthoeca  gratiosa  gratiosa  (not  of  SCLATER)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  429,  1917 — part,  Bogota. 

Ochthoeca  diadema  diadema  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  243,  1914 — Andes  of 
Colombia  (Bogotd)  and  western  Venezuela  (Me'rida). 

Range :  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia,  and  western  Venezuela  (Andes 
of  Tachira  and  Me'rida)0. 

4:    Colombia  (Bogotd  i,  Paramo  de  Tama  3). 

'•Ochthoeca  albidiadema  spodionota  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Nearest  to 
O.  a.  jelskii,  but  back  browner,  much  less  rufous;  frontal  band  wider  and  of  a  deeper 
golden  yellow.  From  O.  a.  frontalis  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  last-named 
character,  white  under  tail-coverts,  and  by  having  the  wings  double-banded  with 
rich  hazel.  The  superciliaries  are  white,  only  in  anteocular  portion  yellow.  Wing 
(one  adult  male,  the  type)  69;  tail  61;  bill  n>£. 

b  Ochthoeca  albidiadema  pulchella  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  This  form  unknown  to 
the  author  is  stated  by  F.  M.  Chapman  to  differ  from  0.  a.  spodionota  by  having  the 
superciliaries  wholly  yellow. 

"Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  7,  Paramo  de  Tama  3.  Venezuela: 
Escorial,  Andes  of  Me'rida  5. 


54    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ochthoeca  diadema  jesupi  Allen*.    JESUP'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  jesupi  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  151,  1900 — San 

Lorenzo  (type),  Valparaiso,  and  El  Libano  (type  examined). 
Ochthoeca  diadema  jesupi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  242,  1914 — Santa  Marta 

region  (crit.). 
Octhoeca  diadema  jesupi  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  389, 

1922 — San  Lorenzo,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Maco- 

tama,  and  Paramo  de  Macotama. 

Range:    Santa  Marta  Mountains  in  northern  Colombia. 

Ochthoeca  diadema  gratiosa  (Sdater)b.   RUFOUS-WINGED  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Mecocerculus  gratiosus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1862,  p.  113 — "in  republica 
Aequator";  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  360,  1862 — Ecuador. 

Ochthoeca  gratiosa  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1879,  p.  232 — Tambillo,  Peru  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2, 
p.  199,  1884 — Tambillo;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884, 
p.  295 — Chaguarpata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  26,  1888 — Intac 
(Ecuador),  Santa  Elena  (Colombia);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  3,  1899 — Intac,  Frutillas,  Pun;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1901,  p.  701 — Intac,  Mindo,  and  above  Milligalli;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv. 
g£og.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  659 — Pichincha  and  Chorillos;  LONNBERG 
and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72,  1922 — below  Nono  and  Chinquil. 

Ochtoeca  diadema  (not  of  HARTLAUB)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  511 — Santa  Elena  (egg  descr.). 

Ochthoeca  diadema  gratiosa-  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  233,  1914 — Ecuador 
(crit.). 

Ochthoeca  gratiosa  gratiosa  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  429, 
1917 — part,  Cerro  Munchique,  Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Cocal,  Almaguer, 
Laguneta,  Santa  Elena. 

Range:  Andes  of  northwestern  Peru  (Tambillo,  Prov.  Jaen)  and 
western  Ecuador;  Western  and  Central  Andes  of  Colombia. 

Genus  SAYORNIS  Bonaparte. 

Sayornis  BONAPARTE",  Compt.  Rend.  Ac.  Sci.  Paris,  38,  p.  657,  1854 — type  by 
monotypy  Sayornis  nigricans  BONAPARTE  =  Tyrannula  nigricans  SWAINSON. 

a  Ochthoeca  diadema  jesupi  ALLEN:  Closely  allied  to  0.  d.  diadema,  but  crown 
lighter,  plain  olive  green  rather  than  olive  dusky,  back  somewhat  lighter,  and  under 
parts  on  average  paler  yellow.  Wing  58-60;  tail  50-52;  bill  11-12. 

Material  examined. — San  Lorenzo  2. 

b  Ochthoeca  diadema  gratiosa  (SCLATER)  differs  from  the  two  other  races  by  de- 
cidedly blackish  crown,  darker  as  well  as  more  rufous  brown  back,  more  olive,  less 
yellowish  breast,  rufescent  edges  to  inner  secondaries,  and  by  haying  the  median 
and  greater  upper  wing-coverts  much  more  conspicuously  tipped  with  rufous. 

Specimens  from  the  Central  Andes  of  Colombia  which  we  have  not  seen  are 
stated  to  form  the  transition  to  diadema. 

Material  examined. — Western  Ecuador  10. 

c  Nomen  nudum  in  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  (4)  Zool.,  I,  p.  133,  1854. 


1 927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  55 

Anlanax  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  4,  p.  2,  1856 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Tyrannula 
nigricans  SWAINSON. 

Theromyias  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  68,  1859 — new  name  for 
Sayornis  BONAPARTE  on  grounds  of  purism. 

Empidias  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  69,  1859 — type  by  monotypy 
M uscicapa  fusca  GMELIN  =  M uscicapa  phoebe  LATHAM. 

*Sayornis  phoebe  (Latham).     PHOEBE. 

Muscicapa  fusca  (not  of  MULLER  1776,  nor  of  BODDAERT  1783)  GMELIN,  Syst. 
Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  931,  1789 — based  on  Muscicapa  carolinensis  fusca  BRISSON, 
Orn.,  2,  p.  367,  1760,  Carolina. 

Muscicapa  atra  (not  of  MtJLLER  1776)  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  946,  1789 — 
based  on  Dusky  Flycatcher,  PENNANT,  Arct.  Zool.,  2,  p.  389,  1785,  New  York. 

Muscicapa  phoebe  LATHAM,  Ind.  ornith.,  2,  p.  489,  1790 — new  name  for  Muscicapa 
atra  GMELIN.  • 

Muscicapa  nunciola  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  2,  p.  78,  pi.  13,  fig.  4,  1810 — Penn- 
sylvania. 

Tyrannus  atriceps  LAFRESNAYE and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2> 
p.  43,  1837 — new  name  for  Muscicapa  atra  GMELIN'. 

Muscicapa  lembeyei  GUNDLACH,  Boston  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  314,  1853 — near 
Cardenas,  Cubab. 

Empidias  fuscus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  264,  1888  (monog.). 

Sayornis  phoebe  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  594,  1907  (monog., 
full  bibliographic  references);  GRINNELL,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  n,  p.  90,  1915 — 
Californian  records. 

Range:  Eastern  North  America.  Breeds  from  southwestern  Mac- 
kenzie, Alberta,  southern  Keewatin,  Ontario,  Quebec,  New  Brunswick, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  south  to  northeastern  New 
Mexico,  central  Texas,  northern  Mississippi,  and  highlands  of  Georgia, 
winters  in  United  States  south  of  latitude  37°  south  to  Vera  Cruz  and 
Oaxaca  and  even  Cuba ;  on  migration  occasionally  in  Wyoming,  Color- 
ado, and  California. 

73:  Saskatchewan  (Prince  Albert  i);  Maine  (Orono  i);  Massachu- 
setts (Dedham  4,  Brookline  i);  Connecticut  (East  Hartford  23);  New 
York  (Shelter  Isl.  2);  New  Jersey  (Englewood  i);  Wisconsin  (Beaver 
Dam  8);  Illinois  (Chicago  4,  Lyons  i,  Lavergne  i,  Highland  Park  i, 
Lake  Forest  i,  Henry  i,  Joliet  3);  Louisiana  (Buras  4);  Florida  (Key 
West  4,  West  Jupiter  i,  Enterprise  i,  Town  Point  i,  Gainesville  i, 
Lake  Worth  2,  Punta  Rassa  i,  Rosewood  i);  Texas  (Corpus  Christi  3); 
Mexico  (Chihuahua  i). 

•  See  Hellmayr,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  20,  1925. 
b  Reference  not  verified. 


56    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Sayornis  nigricans  nigricans  (Swainson) .    BLACK  PHOEBE. 

Tyrannula  nigricans  SWAINSON,  Phil.  Mag.,  (n.s.),  i,  p.  367,  May  1827 — table- 
land of  Mexico. 

Muscicapa  atrata  LICHTENSTEIN,  Preis-Verz.  Mexik.  Vdgel,  p.  2,  1830 — Mexico; 
Journ.  Orn.,  n,  p.  58,  1863  (reprint). 

Muscicapa  semiatra  VIGORS  in  Beechey,  Zool.  Voy.  Blossom,  p.  17,  1839 — no 
locality  mentioned,  Monterey,  California  suggested  by  NELSON  1900. 

Muscicapa  nigricans  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biogr.,  5,  p.  302,  pi.  474,  1839. 

Sayornis  nigricans  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  33,  1888 — Western  and 
central  North  America  and  Mexico;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  64,  1889 — Mexico;  NELSON,  Auk.,  17,  p.  124,  1900 — 
Mexico,  north  into  Texas,  New  Mexico,  and  southeastern  Arizona  (crit.); 
BREWSTER,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  41,  p.  119,  1902 — Cape  region,  Lower 
California  (crit.);  GRINNELL,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  u,  p.  90,  1915 — California 
(range). 

Sayornis  nigricans  semiatra  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  125,  1900 — Pacific  coast  of 
Mexico  and  the  United  States  from  Colima  to  Oregon,  including  most  of 
Arizona  (crit.). 

Sayornis  nigricans  nigricans  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  597, 
1907 — Pacific  coast  of  United  States  and  Mexico  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range :  Western  United  States,  from  California  (west  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada)  and  southwestern  Oregon  through  southern  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico  to  western  Texas,  and  southward  over  the  whole  of  Mexico 
(except  humid  Atlantic  coast  district  and  Yucatan)  to  Chiapas,  occa- 
sionally in  winter  in  Costa  Rica. 

26:  California  (Palo  Alto  4,  Monterey  2,  Nicasio  2,  San  Geron- 
imo  i,  Los  Gatos  2,  Clipper  Gap  i,  San  Clemente  Isl.  i);  Arizona 
(Phoenix  3,  Forte  Verde  2,  Calabasas  3,  Huachuca  Mountains  i); 
Mexico  (Chihuahua  3,  unspecified  i). 

*Sayornis  nigricans  aquatica  Sclater  and  Salvin.    GUATEMALAN  PHOEBE. 

Sayornis  aquatica  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  i,  p.  119, 1859 — Duenas,  Guatemala; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  33,  1888 — part.  spec,  a-i,  Duenas,  Gua- 
temala; SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  65,  1889 — 
part,  Guatemala. 

Sayornis  nigricans  aquatica  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  125,  1900 — part,  Guatemala; 
DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,,  p.  104,  1907 — Lake 
Atitlan  and  near  Tecpam,  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  600,  1907 — Guatemala  (monog.). 

Range:  Highlands  of  Guatemala  and  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del 
Norte)". 

•  One  of  the  San  Rafael  specimens  has  almost  plain  white  under  tail-coverts,  the 
other  agrees  with  those  from  Guatemala. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  57 

5:  Guatemala  (near  Tecpam  2,  Lake  Atitlan  i);  Nicaragua  (San 
Rafael  del  Norte  2). 

*Sayornis  nigricans  amoicola  Bangs*.    PANAMA  PHOEBE. 

Sayornis  amnicola  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  37,  1902 — Boquete, 
Panama. 

Sayornis  aquatica  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat. 
Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  no,  1868 — Costa  Rica;  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p. 
62 — San  Jos6;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  33,  1888 — part,  spec,  e-g, 
Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.*  Aves,  2,  p.  65,  1889 — 
part,  Costa  Rica. 

Sayornis  nigricans  aquatica  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  125,  1900 — part,  Costa  Rica. 

Sayornis  nigricans  amnicola  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  601, 
1907 — Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  696,  igio-^-Costa  Rica;  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  12,  No.  8,  p.  28,  1919 — 
Talamanca,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:    Highlands  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui). 
4:    Costa  Rica  (San  Jose"  4). 

*Sayornis  nigricans  latirostris  (Cabanis  and  Heine}.    WHITE-WINGED 
PHOEBE. 

Aulanax  latirostris  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  68,  note**,  1859 — 
Bolivia;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  27,  p.  335,  1879 — Mountains  of  Tucuman. 

Sayornis  cineracea  angustirostris  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  357 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  85,  1906 — 
Santa  Ana. 

Sayornis  latirostris  fumigatus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.  72,  1920 — 
Don  Diego,  Santa  Marta  district;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
14,  p.  348,  1922 — Bonda,  Minca,  Mamatoco,  Cincinnati,  Las  Vegas,  Don 
Diego,  Pueblo  Viejo,  and  La  Tigrera. 

Myiarchus  nigricans  (not  Tyrannula  nigricans  SWAINSON)  TSCHUDI,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  273,  1844;  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  153,  1846 — wooded 
region  of  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  539 — Amable  Maria 
and  San  Damian,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  235 — Tambillo. 

Sayornis  nigricans  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota;  BERLEPSCH 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  552 — Chimbo,  Ecuador;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  306 — Ibagu6,  Colombia. 

Sayornis  ardosiacus  (not  Tyrannula  ardosiaca  LAFRESNAYE)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac. 
N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  144— Falls  of  the  Rio  Truando. 

a  Sayornis  nigricans  amnicola  BANGS,  by  the  uniform  sooty  under  tail-coverts  and 
lesser  extent  of  white  abdominal  area,  connects  the  Central  American  forms  with 
S.  n.  latirostris  which,  however,  has  much  more  white  on  remiges  and  upper  wing- 
coverts. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica  7,  Chiriqui  2. 


58    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sayornis  cineracea  (not  Tyrannula  cineracea  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26,  p.  457,  1858 — Cuenca;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  68,  1860 — Pallatanga; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  168 — Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  628 — San 
Esteban;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — Ocafia  and  Cocuta  Valley,  Santander; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879,  P-  201 — San  Jose",  Santa  Marta  district; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  511 — Medellin  and  Frontino; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  204,  1884 — Amable  Maria,  San  Damian, 
Tambillo,  Huambo;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  297,  1884 — Bucaramanga; 
TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  87 — San  Rafael  and 
Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  121,  1888 — Tucu- 
man; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  34,  1888 — Caracas  (Venezuela), 
Bogota,  Concordia,  Frontino,  Medellin,  Minca,  San  Jose",  and  "Santa  Marta" 
(Colombia),  Sical,  Jima,  and  Cuenca  (Ecuador),  Bolivia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — Bolivia;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  n,  1895 — 
Cajabamba,  Vina  (Huamachuco) ;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — San  An- 
tonio, Bermudez;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 — Paramba  andChimbo; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  u,  1897 — San  Lorenzo 
(Jujuy)  and  Tala  (Salta) ;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  I.e.,  14,  No.  362,  p.  3,  1899 — 
Cuenca,  Tumbaco,  and  Rio  San  Pedro,  Ecuador;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  12,  p.  135,  1898 — " Santa  Marta";  idem,  I.e.,  p.  174, 1898 — San  Miguel; 
idem,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  i,  p.  78,  1899 — San  Sebastian;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  151,  1900 — Cacagualito  and  Onaca;  idem,  I.e., 
21,  p.  287,  1905 — Bonda  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  702 — San  Nicolas  and  Papallacta;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
p.  183,  1902 — La  Hoyada  and  Tafi,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3, 
p.  47,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  219,  1904 — Santa  Ana, 
Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  256,  1904 — Oran,  Salta; 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  191,  1909 — Vipos  and  La  Hoyada, 
Tucuman;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  M&id.  Equat.,  9,  p.  858, 
1911  — Tumbaco. 

Sayornis  nigricans  cineracea  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  346,  1910 
— range  in  Argentina;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  472, 
1917 — San  ]os6,  Cisneros,  Caldas,  Salento,  Rio  Toch<§,  near  San  Agustin,  west 
slope  below  Andalucia,  and  Quetame,  Colombia;  DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  i, 
p.  145,  1918 — Tucuman  (nest  descr.). 

Sayornis  cineracea  cineracea  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1125,  1911 — 
Pueblo  Rico,  Colombia. 

Sayornis  nigricans  angustirostris  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — 
Perico,  Peru. 

Sayornis  nigricans  latirostris  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63, 
p.  29,  1919  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  97,  1921 — San 
Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  region. 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela  (coast  ranges  east  to  Bermudez;  Sierra 
of  M&ida)  and  Colombia  (north  to  the  Truando  and  Santa  Marta  re- 
gion), south  through  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia  to  northwestern  Argen- 
tina (prov.  Jujuy,  Salta,  and  Tucuman) ». 

•  I  am  unable  to  satisfactorily  separate  a  northern  form  (fumigata).  While  speci- 
mens from  Venezuela  and  Colombia  are  on  average  smaller  and  more  intensely 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  59 

18:  Colombia  (Andalucia  i,  near  San  Augustin  i);  Venezuela 
(Colon,  Tachira  i) ;  Ecuador  (Chimbo  2) ;  Peru  (Huanuco  6,  San  Ramon, 
Junin  i) ;  Argentina  (Orillas  del  Rio  Lavallen,  Jujuy  i ;  Anfama,  Tucu- 
man i ;  Concepcion,  Tucuman  4). 

*Sayornis  saya  saya  (Bonaparte).   SAY'S  PHOEBE. 

Muscicapa  saya  BONAPARTE,  Amer.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  20,  pi.  1 1,  fig.  3,  1825 — Arkansas 
River,  twenty  miles  from  the  Rocky  Mountains;  AUDUBON,  Orn.  Biogr.,  4, 
p.  428,  pi.  359,  1838. 
Tyrannula  pattida  SWAINSON,  Phil.  Mag.,  (n.s.),  i,  p.  367,  1827 — tableland  of 

Mexico. 
Sayornis  pattida  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  32,  1888 — North  America 

and  Mexico. 
Sayornis  saya  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  602,  1907 — part, 

excl.  Alaska  and  Yukon  territory  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 
Sayornis  sayus  GRINNELL,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  n,  p.  90,  1915 — California  (range). 
Range :    Western  North  America.  Breeds  from  northeastern  Alberta, 
southeastern  Saskatchewan,  and  North  Dakota  south  to  California, 
Arizona,  New  Mexico,  western  Iowa,  and  western  Kansas;  winters  from 
central  California,  southern  Arizona,  southern  New  Mexico,  and  central 
Texas  south  to  Mexico. 

40:  -California  (San  Clemente  Island  3,  Monterey  2,  San  Jose*  i, 
Berryessa  i,  near  Lamanda  Park  i,  San  Bernardino  i,  La  Canada  i, 
Pasadena  i,  Los  Angeles  i,  College  Park  i,  Nicasio  i,  Palo  Alto  i, 
Miller  i,  San  Geronimo  i) ;  Arizona  (Tuscon  i,  Phoenix  2,  Calabasas  3) ; 
New  Mexico  (Fort  Union  i,  Members  4,  Deming  2) ;  Colorado  (Trouble- 
some i,  Fort  Lyon  5);  Texas  (El  Paso  i,  Corpus  Christi  2);  Mexico 
(Chihuahua  i). 

*Sayornis  saya  yukonensis  Bishop*.  YUKON  PHOEBE. 

Sayornis  saya  yukonensis  BISHOP,  Auk,  17,  p.  115,  1900 — Glacier,  White  Pass, 
Alaska;  GRINNELL,  Condor,  n,  p.  206,  1909 — Forty-mile,  Yukon;  SWARTH, 
Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  345,  1924 — Skeena  River,  Brit.  Columbia; 
BROOKS  and  SWARTH,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  17,  p.  73,  1925 — British  Columbia; 

colored,  so  large  a  percentage  is  indistinguishable  that  I  see  no  practical  advantage 
in  further  subdividing  the  South  American  race. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Bermudez  4,  San  Esteban  2,  Andes  of  MeYida  5, 
Colon,  Tachira  i.  Colombia:  Bogota  10,  Bucaramanga  i,  near  San  Agustin  i, 
Andalucia  i,  Pueblo  Rico  i.  Ecuador:  "Quito"  3,  San  Nicolas  i,  Papallacta  i, 
Chimbo  2.  Peru:  Tambillo  i,  Cajabamba  i,  Vina  (Huamachuco)  2,  San  Ramon  i, 
Huanuco  6.  Bolivia:  Yungas  of  La  Paz  3.  Argentina:  Jujuy  i,  Tucuman  8. 

a  Sayornis  saya  yukonensis  BISHOP:  Similar  to  5.  s.  saya,  but  darker,  the  gray 
of  the  upper  parts  deeper  and  more  slaty,  with  the  pale  edgings  of  the  wing-coverts 
and  secondaries  slightly  narrower. 


60    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

SWARTH,  Condor,  28,  p.  45,  1926 — California,  in  winter  (crit.,  range) ; 
SWARTH,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  30,  p.  116,  1926 — Carcross,  Atlin  region, 
Brit.  Columbia. 

Range:  Southeastern  Alaska,  Yukon  territory,  northern  British 
Columbia,  and  probably  northwestern  Mackenzie;  wintering  in  Cali- 
fornia and  Texas. 

i:    California  (Haywards  i). 

Sayornis  saya  quiescens  Grinnett*.   SAN  PEDRO  MARTIR  PHOEBE. 

Sayornis  sayus  quiescens  GRINNELL,  Condor,  28,  p.  180,  1926 — San  Jose",  about 
forty-five  miles  northeast  of  San  Quintin,  Lower  California. 

Range:  Northwestern  Lower  California,  on  the  Pacific  drainage 
from  the  Sierra  San  Pedro  Martir  west  to  the  sea  coast. 


Genus  COLONIA  J.  E.  Gray. 

Colonia  J.  E.  GRAY  in  Griffith,  Cuvier's  Animal  Kingdom,  6,  p.  336,  "1829" — 
type  by  monotypy  Muscicapa  colonus  VIEILLOT. 

Copurus  STRICKLAND,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  9,  p.  28,  Oct.  1841 — type  by  monotypy 
Platyrhynchus  filicauda  SPIX  =  Muscicapa  colonus  VIEILLOT. 

*Colonia  colonus  colonus  (  Vieillot}.    LONG-TAILED  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  colonus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  21,  p.  448,  1818 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  180,  Paraguay. 

Platyrhynchos  platurus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  27,  p.  17, 
1818 — Bre"sil,  coll.  Delalande,  jr.,  =Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Muscipeta  leucocitta  HAHN,  Vogel  Asien,  Afrika,  etc.,  livr.  9,  pi.  2,  1821 — South 
America  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Pipra  atra  THUNBERG,  Me"m.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Pdtersb.,  8,  p.  287,  1822 — Brazil; 
LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  242  (crit.;  =juv.). 

Muscicapa  monacha  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  53,  1823 — 
Bahia. 

Platyrhynchus  filicauda  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  12,  pi.  14,  1825 — Mandiocca,  Prov. 
Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  645,  1906  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  colon  STEPHENS  in  Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.,  Aves,  13  (2),  p.  126,  1826 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  180,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  longipennis  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  p.  386,  1831 — "du  Bre"sil,  a  Sainte 
Catherine";  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  372,  1855  (crit.). 

•  Sayornis  saya  quiescens  GRINNELL:  "Similar  to  5.  s.  saya,  but  tone  of 'coloration 
paler,  this  paleness  being  in  the  direction  of  ashy  gray  rather  than  light  brown." 
(Grinnell,  I.e.). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  61 

Copurus  funebris  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  41,  1859 — Minas  Geraes 
(=juv.);  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  On.  Cl.,  14,  p.  61,  1904 — Piquete,  Sao  Paulo; 
idem,  I.e.,  15,  p.  73,  1905  (crit.;  =juv.). 

Copurus  subniger  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  117,  1901 — Alto  Parand,  Para- 
guay (=  juv.);  idem,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914  (crit.). 

Muscipeta  ntonacha  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  925,  1831 — Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  Bahia. 

Copurus  filicauda  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  507,  1856 — road 
from  Novo  Friburgo  to  Aldea  da  Pedra,  Rio  Parahyba,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Copurus  colonus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  381 — southern  Brazil  (synon.); 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100,  1868 — Registo  do  Sai  (Rio),  Mattodentro 
and  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  Engenho  do  Gama  (Matto  Grosso);  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  352 — Minas  Geraes,  Morro 
Queimado  (note  on  juv.);  HAMILTON,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  304 — Sao  Paulo;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  256,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina  (crit., 
note  on  juv.);  CABANIS,  I.e.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio  (note  on  juv.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  50,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-1,  Novo  Friburgo, 
Rio,  Sao  Paulo,  and  "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,"  Brazil;  BOUCARD  and 
BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul,  3,  p.  182,  1899 — Ypiranga,  Piquete,  Piracicaba 
(Sao  Paulo);  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio; 
OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  139,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  262,  1907 — Cachoeira,  Itatiba,  Alto  da 
Serra  (Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho  (Parana),  Vargem  Alegre  (Minas  Geraes);  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  576 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal,  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  320,  1910 — Alto  Parana;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci. 
Varsovie,  5,  p.  480,  497,  1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Alto  Parana. 

Copurus  colonus  colonus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  41,  1908 — Goyaz  and 
Fazenda  Esperanca,  Goyaz;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  325, 
1912 — Paso  Yuvay  (Paraguay),  San  Pedro  and  Iguazu  (Misiones). 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  from  states  of  Bahia,  Minas  Geraes.Goyaz, 
and  Matto  Grosso  south  to  Santa  Catharina»,  and  adjacent  districts 
of  Paraguay  and  Argentina  (Misiones) b. 

7 :  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  2 ;  Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa, 
Minas  Geraes  i);  Argentina,  Misiones  (Eldorado  2,  Iguazu  2). 

*Colonia  colonus  fuscicapilla  (Sclater}*.    DUSKY-HEADED  TYRANT. 
Copurus  fuscicapillus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  381 — Bogota. 

*  There  is  no  reliable  authority  for  its  occurrence  in  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

b  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  5,  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  5, 
Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  i ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  5;  Sao  Paulo  (various  localities)  9;  Blumenau, 
Santa  Catharina  2;  Goyaz  4;  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  i. 

8  Colonia  colonus  fuscicapilla  (SCLATER):  Very  similar  to  C.  c.  colonus  in  the  male 
sex;  female  with  pileum  much  darker  gray;  wings  on  average  shorter. 

Specimens  from  various  parts  of  Peru  are  identical  with  others  from  Eastern 
Ecuador,  and  the  females  appear  to  agree  with  two  Bogota  skins  of  the  same 


62    FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Copurus  filicauda  (not  of  SPIX)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  274,  1844; 
idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  157,  1846 — Peru;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22, 
p.  113,  1854 — Quijos,  Ecuador. 

Copurus  leuconotus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  148, 
1855 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  71,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Copurus  colonus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  533 — 
Monterico  and  Paltaybamba;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  209,  1884 — same  localities, 
Moyobamba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  50,  1888 — part,  spec,  m-w, 
Sarayacu  and  San  Jose"  (Ecuador),  and  Bogota;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — lower  Beni,  Bolivia;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  4,  1899 — Gualaquiza,  Ecuador;  GOODFEL- 
LOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  702 — Archidona;  (?)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  n, 
1908 — Bom  Lugar  and  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Punis;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
P-  377»  1914 — same  localities. 

Copurus  colonus  fuscicapillus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  357 — La  Merced,  La  Gloria,  and  Garita  del  Sol,  Dept.  Junin;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  432,  1917 — Buena  Vista  and  Villavicencio, 
Colombia. 

Colonia  colonus  fuscicapttla  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  43, 
1920 — Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.). 

Range:  Eastern  slopes  of  the  Andes  from  Colombia  to  northern 
Bolivia;  (?)  western  Brazil  (Rio  Purus). 

ii :  Peru  (Poco  Tambo,  east  of  Chachapoyas  2,  Moyobamba  i,  San 
Ramon  2,  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  5) ;  Colombia  (Bogotd  i). 

*Colonia  colonus  poecilonota  (Cabanis)*.     GUIANAN  WHITE-BACKED 
TYRANT. 

Copurus  poecilonotus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  702, 
1848 — Canuku  Mountains,  British  Guiana  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Copurus  leuconotus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  382 — 
part,  Guiana;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  204,  1862 — part.  spec,  a, 
Cayenne;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  291 — British  Guiana  (ex  Schomburgk); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  51,  1888 — part,  spec,  q,  r,  Cayenne; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  124,  1908 — Cayenne  (ex  SCLATER). 

Colonia  leuconota  poecilonota  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
p.  74,  1918 — Javaweg,  Surinam  (crit.). 

sex.  No  males  from  Colombia  have  been  available  for  comparison.    Eighteen  speci- 
mens examined. 

•  Colonia  colonus  poecilonota  (CABANIS)  :  Nearly  allied  to,  and  agreeing  with, 
C.  c.  leuconota  in  possessing  a  conspicuous  grayish  white  stripe  down  the  middle  of 
the  back;  but  very  much  larger,  with  heavier  bill;  coloration  generally  blacker; 
pileum  of  male  much  lighter,  hoary  gray  instead  of  sooty.  Wing  (male)  85-88, 
(female)  79;  tail  185-210,  (female)  140;  bill  8-9. 

Material  examined. — Cayenne  2.  British  Guiana:  Canuku  Mts.  i,  Mazaruni 
River  i,  Conwarook  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  63 

Colonia  leuconota  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  142,  pi.  3,  fig.  i,  1921 — 
Mazaruni  River,  Bartica,  Arawai  River,  British  Guiana. 

Range:    French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana. 

3:    British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  i,  Conwarook  2). 

*Colonia  colonus  leuconota  (Lafresnaye) .    WHITE-BACKED  TYRANT. 

Copurus  leuconotus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  5,  p.  335,  1842 — "  Bolivia''  = 
Bogota,  Colombia;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  294,  1860 — Esmeraldas; 
idem,  I.e.,  1861,  p.  382 — part,  New  Granada  and  Ecuador;  idem,  Cat.  Coll. 
Amer.  Birds,  p.  204,  1862 — part,  spec,  b-e,  Bogota,  Esmeraldas;  WYATT, 
Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — Naranjo  and  lower  mountains  between  Bucaramanga  and 
the  Magdalena  River;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  511 — 
Remedies;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  297,  1884 — La  Pita,  below  Bucara- 
manga (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  51,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-o,  s-u,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama,  Remedies,  Bogota, 
Esmeraldas;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  4,  1888 — 
range;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  4,  1899 
— Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Pambilar; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  351,  1907 — part,  southern 
Honduras  to  western  Ecuador  (monog.,  full  synon.);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6»  p-  735,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1125 — 
Guineo,  Noanama,  N6vita,  Choc6,  Colombia;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr. 
Mes.  Arc  Me'rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  650,  1911 — Santo  Domingo,  Ecuador;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  432,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Novita, 
Noanama,  San  Jose1,  Los  Cisneros,  Cerro  Munchique,  Barbacoas,  Buenavista 
(Narino),  Puerto  Valdivia,  Puerto  Berrio,  Honda;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1918,  p.  263 — Gatun,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  316,  1924 — 
Gatun. 

Colonia  colonus  leuconota  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  80,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  44,  1920 
(crit.). 

Range :  Southern  Honduras  (Segovia  River)  through  eastern  Nicar- 
agua, Costa  Rica,  Panama,  and  Colombia  (coast  range  and  Magdalena 
Valley)  to  western  Ecuador*. 

10:  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  Limon  4);  Panama  (Colon  2);  Colom- 
bia (Quibdo  i,  Cerro  Munchique,  coast  range  2). 

Genus  GUBERNETES  Such. 

Gubernetes  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  p.  114,  1825 — type  by  monotypy  Gubernetes 
cunninghami  SUCH  =  Muscicapa  yetapa  VIEILLOT. 

Cybernetes  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  42,  1859 — emendation. 

•  Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Guayabo  i,  Limon  4.  Panama:  Colon  2. 
Colombia:  Choc6  9,  Cerro  Munchique  2,  La  Pita,  Bucaramanga  i,  Bogota  2. 
Ecuador:  Pambilar  i,  Rio  Peripa  i. 


64    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Gubernetes  yetapa  (  Vieillot).    YETAPA  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  yetapa  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  21,  p.  460,  1818 — 
based  on  "Yiperu"  Azara,  No.  75,  Paraguay. 

Tyrannus  bellulus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  35,  p.  75,  1819 — 
Brazil,  Delalande  jr.  coll.,  =Rio  de  Janeiro;  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7, 
p.  360,  1855  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  yiperu  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  52,  1823 — Sao 
Paulo. 

Muscicapa  longicauda  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  14,  pi.  17,  1825 — Sao  Paulo  (type  in 
Munich  Museum  examined). 

Gubernetes  cunninghami  SUCH,  Zool.  Journ.,  2,  p.  114,  pi.  4,  1825 — vicinity  of 
Goaytacazes  [  =  Campos],  Rio. 

Gubernetes  forficatus  SWAINSON,  Natur.  Lib.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  92,  pi.  5, 
1838 — southern  Brazil  and  Paraguay. 

Gubernetes  yperu  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
el.  2,  p.  58,  1837 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia. 

Alecturus  yetapa  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  342,  1839 — Chiquitos. 

Gubernetes  yiperu  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  509,  1856 — Sete 
Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes. 

Cybernetes  yetapa  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  99,  1868 — Mattodentro,  Chacara  do 
S.  Manuel  Caetano,  Mugy  das  Cruzes,  Irisanga,  Rio  Sapucahy,  Antonio 
Diaz  and  Rio  Parana  (Sao  Paulo),  Jose"  Diaz  (Goyaz),  Pansecco  (Matto 
Grosso);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  354 — Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  611 — 
Chiquitos;  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  604 — Itapua,  Misiones;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  124,  1888  (range) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  40,  1888 
— Rio,  Bahia,  Misiones;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,,  No.  208,  p.  9, 
1895 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  179,  1899 — 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  573 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Gubernetes  yetapa  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  647, 
1906 — Paraguay  and  Sao  Paulo  (crit.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  40,  1908 — 
Fazenda  Esperanca,  Goyaz;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  259,  1907 — 
Rincao,  Franca,  Itapura,  Barretos,  Ypiranga  (Sao  Paulo),  Vargem  Alegre 
(Minas  Geraes);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  191,  1909 — 
Posadas,  Misiones;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  318,  1910 — 
Misiones;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  326,  1912 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  MENEGAUX,  Rev. 
Franc..  d'Orn.,  10,  p.  318,  1918 — Villa  Lutetia,  near  San  Ignacio,  Misiones; 
BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Monday,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR.  Nov. 
Zool.,  32,  p.  314,  1925 — Chiquitos  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
I33»  P-  309i  1926 — Las  Palmas,  Chaco. 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia  (Caravellas),  Minas 
Geraes,  Goyaz,  and  Matto  Grosso  south  to  Sao  Paulo;  Paraguay; 
adjacent  parts  of  Argentina  (Misiones,  Chaco)  and  Bolivia  (Chiquitos). 

2:      Brazil  (Piraputanga,  Matto  Grosso  2). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  65 

Genus  ALECTRURUS  Vieillot. 

Alectrurus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Ornith.  e^m.,  p.  39,  April  1816 — type  by 
monotypy  (p.  68)  Gallita  tricolor  VIEILLOT. 

Gallita  VIEILLOT,  I.e.,  p.  68,  April  1816 — type  by  monotypy  Gallita  tricolor 
VIEILLOT. 

Xenurus  BOIE,  Isis,  1826,  p.  973 — proposed  for  the  "  Queues-Rares"  of  Azara 
(Walckenaer  ed.,  3,  p.  446,  1809),  type  by  subs,  desig.  (SCLATER  1888)  Gallita 
tricolor  VIEILLOT. 

Alectura  SWAINSON,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  94,  1838 — emenda- 
tion of  Alectrurus  VIEILLOT. 


Alectrurus  tricolor  (  Vieillot).    COCK-TAILED  TYRANT. 

Gallita  tricolor  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Orn.  616m.,  p.  68,  1816 — 'TAmerique 
meYidionale"  =  Paraguay. 

Alectrurus*  tricolor  VIEILLOT,  NOMV.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  12,  p.  408,  1817 
— Paraguay  (ex  Azara,  No.  225);  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i, 
in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  54,  1837 — Mojos,  Guarayos  (Bolivia),  Corrientes 
(spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  341,  1839 — 
same  localities;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  511,  1856 — Sete 
Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  98,  1868 — Ypanema,  Scara- 
muza  and  ItararS  (Sao  Paulo),  Pederneiras,  Jaguaraiba,  and  Borda  do  Matto 
(Parana) ,  Lhanozo  (Minas  Geraes) ;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  Naturhist. 
Foren.,  1870,  p.  357 — Vargem  Comprida,  Sete  Lagoas,  and  Uberaba,  Minas 
Geraes;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  611 — Guarayos,  Moxos 
(ex  D'ORBIGNY);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  122,  1888;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  39,  1888— "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,"  Brazil; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  179,  1899 — Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Annuario  Est. 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  124,  1899 — "Rio  Grande  do  Sul";  idem,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  259,  1907 — Ypiranga  and  Piracicaba,  Sao  Paulo;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  318,  1910 — Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  187,  1925 — 
Corrientes,  Moxos,  Guarayos;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  645,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Muscicapa  alector  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  26,  pi.  155  (d*  9),  Sept. 
1822 — Paraguay  and  Brazil;  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  53, 
1823 — Sao  Paulo  (descr.  o"  9);  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  874, 
1831 — Sao  Romao,  Rio  Sao  Francisco  (Minas)  and  "Rio  Grande  do  Sul." 

Muscicapa  alectrura  VIEILLOT  and  OUDART,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  211,  pi.  132 

(=c?),  about  1824 — 'TAmeYique  australe." 
Alectura  azarii  SWAINSON,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  96,  pi.  6  ( =  d" ), 

1838 — Paraguay  and  southern  Brazil. 

Range:    Campos  districts  of  southern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Minas 
Geraes,  Sao  Paulo,  Parana,  and  Matto  Grosso),  eastern  Bolivia  (Moxos, 

•  Sometimes  spelled  Alecturus  or  Alector ur us. 


66    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Guarayos),  and  adjacent  parts  of  Paraguay  and  Argentina  (prov.  Cor- 
rientes  and  Misiones)a. 

Genus  YETAPA  Lesson. 

Yetapa  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  p.  387,  1831 — type  by  monotypy  Muscicapa 
psalura  TEMMINCK  =  Muscicapa  risora  VIEILLOT. 

Psalidura  GLOGER,  Gemeinnutz.  Hand-and  Hilfsbuch,  p.  326,  1841 — type  by 
subs,  desig.  (SCLATER  1888)  Muscicapa  risora  VIEILLOT. 

Myiophthorus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  128,  1901 — type  Myiophthorus 
morenoanus  BERTONI  =  Yetapa  risora  (VIEILLOT). 

*Yetapa  risora  (  Vieillot).    STRANGE-TAILED  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  risora  VIEILLOT  (and  OUDART),  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  209,  pi.  131 
(  =  <?),  i824b— "Bresil." 

Muscicapa  psalura  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  48,  pi.  286  (=o*); 
livr.  50,  pi.  296  (=9),  1824° — Brazil,  coll.  A.  de  Saint-Hilaire;  WIED,  Beitr. 
Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  877,  1831 — Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (descr.  cf). 

AlecturusA  guirayetapa0  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  54,  1837  (based  on  "Le  Guirayetapa"  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist. 
Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  12,  p.  409,  ex  Azara,  No.  226,  Paraguay) — Corrientes; 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  342,  1839 — Corrientes  and  Mal- 
donado  (spec,  examined);  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  51,  1839 — Maldonado; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  98,  1868 — Pansecco,  Matto  Grosso;  DURNFORD, 
Ibis,  1878,  p.  60 — Lujan  Bridge,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  CL,  8,  p.  140,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  and  Carhu6, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  279 — Paysandu,  Uruguay  (nest 
descr.);  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  9,  1895 — Villa 
Rica,  Paraguay. 

Alecturus  psalurus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  510,  1856 — Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — "in  der  Pampa  bei  San 
Luis";  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  457,  1861 — near  San  Luis  and  Rio 
Cuarto;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.f  i,  p  252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes. 

Alectrurus  risorius  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  123,  1888 — Argentina; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  39,  1888 — La  Plata,  Maldonado,  Paysan- 
du, Lujan  Bridge;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos 
Aires;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — 
Cordoba;  HOLLAND  Ibis,  1891,  p  16 — Est.  Espartillar,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires; 
idem,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  199 — Espartillar;  idem,  I.e.,  1893,  P  485 — Santa  Elena, 

•  No  reliable  authority  exists  for  the  reported  occurrence  in  Uruguay  or  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul. 

b  Published  early  in  the  year  (January  or  February). 

c  Livraison  48  was  issued  in  July,  livr.  50  in  September  1824. 

d  Variously  spelled  Alecturus,  Alectrurus,  and  Alectorurus. 

•  Sometimes  spelled  guirayetupa  or  guiru-yetapa. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  67 

Entrerios;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  573 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  318,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  BERTONI, 
Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Paraguay;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  20, 
1920 — Paysandu  and  Flores,  Uruguay. 

Alectrurus  risoria  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov  Zool.,  16,  p.  191,  1909 — Selva 
(Santiago  del  Estero),  Ceres,  Ocampo,  and  Mocovi  (Santa  F6),  La  Soledad 
(Entrerios). 

Alectrurus  risorus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  187,  1925 — Maldonado  (range). 

Myiophthorus  morenoanus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  128,  1901 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay  (  =  o"  juv.). 

Yetapa  risorus  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  309,  1926 — Riacho 
Pilaga,  Formosa. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina,  south  to  Buenos  Aires  (Carhue),  west 
to  Cordoba,  San  Luis,  and  Santiago  del  Estero;  Uruguay;  Paraguay; 
and  adjoining  parts  of  southern  Brazil  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul  and  Matto 
Grosso). 

i:    Argentina  (Rio  Paranay,  Misiones  i). 

Genus  KNIPOLEGUS  Boie. 

Knipolegus  BOIE,  Isis,  1826  (i),  p.  973 — type  by  monotypya  Muscicapa  cyaniros- 

tris  VIEILLOT 
Ada  LESSON,  Trait6  d'Orn.,  p.  388,  1831 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  42,  1888)  Muscicapa  nigerrima  VIEILLOT. 
Blechropus  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  256,  July  1837  (generic  characters); 

idem,  Natur.  Libr.,  Ornith.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  99,  1838 — type  Blechropus 

cristatus  SWAINSON. 
Sericoptila  "SCHIFF"  BONAPARTE,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  (4)  Zool.,  i,  p.   134,   1854 

(nomen  nudum);  GRAY,  Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  p   145,  1855 — 

type  Ada  cyanirostris  D'ORBIGNY  =  M uscicapa  cyanirostris  VIEILLOT. 

*Knipolegus  lophotes  nom.  nov.b    CRESTED  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  comata  (not  of  GMELIN  1789)  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner 
Mus.,  p.  55,  1823 — Sao  Paulo,  Brazil;  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3(2),  p. 
819,  1831— boundary  line  of  Bahia  and  Minas  Geraes. 

a  Boie  mentions  two  species.  The  first,  Musc[icapa]  lophotes  "Temm."  being  a 
nomen  nudum,  M.  cyanirostris  VIEILLOT  (ex  AZARA,  No.  181)  automatically  becomes 
the  genotype. 

b  No  valid  name  appears  to  exist  for  the  large,  crested  Knipolegus  of  Brazil. 
Muscicapa  comata  and  Muscicapa  galeata  are  both  preoccupied,  while  the  specific 
term  cristatus  is  rendered  untenable  by  Lesson,  in  1831,  having  described  Muscicapa 
cristata  which  proves  to  be  the  female  of  Knipolegus  cyanirostris.  Muscicapa  lophotes 
"Temm."  is  obviously  an  unpublished  manuscript  name,  and  "Knipolegus  lophotes" 
sometimes  credited  to  Boie,  is  not  to  be  found  in  his  paper  in  the  "Isis." 

In  this  species,  the  sexes  are  alike,  the  female  being  merely  smaller,  and  the  bill  is 
uniform  dusky  black.  Young  birds  are  dull  brownish  black,  with  the  crest  barely 
suggested,  and  without  glossy  edges  to  the  upper  wing-coverts. 

Wing  (male)  115-125,  (female)  110-114;  tail  93-100,  (female)  91-96;  bill  16-18. 


68     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscicapa  galeata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1823)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  20,  pi.  27 
(=  o"),  1825 — part,  descr.  of  male  only,  Sao  Paulo  (type  in  Munich  Museum 
examined). 

Blechropus  cristatus  SWAINSON,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  99,  pi. 
7  (=  o"),  1838 — no  locality  indicated. 

Cnipolegus  comatus  KAUP,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  29,  1853  (diag.);  BURMEISTER, 
Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  513,  1856 — Congonhas,  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas; 
HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  331,  1859 — southern  Brazil  to  "Montevideo" 
(monog.);  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  46,  1859 — Rio  Grande; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  98,  1868 — Scaramuza,  Faz.  do  Rio  Verde,  Itarare, 
and  Araraquara  (Sao  Paulo),  Jaguaraiba  and  Lanca  (Parand)  (spec,  exam- 
ined); REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  356 —  Serra 
da  Piedade  and  Pico  de  Itabira  (Minas),  Chapeo  de  Uvas,  Serra  da  Manti- 
queira;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  128,  1885 — Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  43,  1888 — Brazil; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto 
Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  180,  1899 — Sao  Paulo;  idem,  An- 
nuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — Pelotas,  Taquara;  idem, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  260,  1907 — Curytiba  (Parand),  Vargem  Alegre  and 
Itatiaya  (Minas),  Franca  and  Itarare  (Sao  Paulo);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  652,  1906  (note  on  M.  galeata  SPIX); 
LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  353,  1909 — Campo  Itatiaya. 

Range :  Southern  Brazil,  from  Matto  Grosso,  Goyaz,  Minas  Geraes, 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  Uruguay. 

4:  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i; 
Certeza,  Goyaz  i ) ;  Uruguay  (Quebrada  de  los  Cuervos  2) . 

*Knipolegus  nigerrimus  (  Vieillot}*.    VIEILLOT'S  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  nigerrima  VIELLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  21,  p.  453,  1818 
— no  locality  given,  the  types  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  were  collected 
by  DELALANDE,  junior,  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  (descr.  o"  9 ) ;  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus. 
Paris,  7,  p.  357,  1855  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  galeata  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN  1823)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  20,  pi.  28 
( =  9 ),  1825 — part,  descr.  of  female  only,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  in  Munich  Museum 
examined). 

tt  Material  examined. — Goyaz:  Certeza  i.  Minas  Gera6s:  Agua  Suja,  near 
Bagagem  4,  Rio  das  Velhas  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Itararfi  6,  Araraquara  i,  Rio  Verde  3, 
Sao  Paulo  i.  Parana:  Jaguaraiba  i,  Lanca  i.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Taquara  i. 

b  Knipolegus  nigerrimus  (VIEILLOT),  while  superficially  resembling  K.  lophotes, 
is  nevertheless  quite  distinct  specifically.  Besides  being  smaller,  it  has  the  bill  mostly 
whitish  and  the  crest  much  shorter  as  well  as  differently  shaped.  The  crest  feathers, 
instead  of  being  pointed  and  attenuated  on  their  apical  portion  as  in  K.  lophotes, 
are  of  equal  widtn  from  base  to  tip  and  slightly  rounded  at  the  end.  The  body  plu- 
mage is  deep  velvety  black  without  trace  of  the  distinct  metallic  glossy  edges  so 
conspicuous  in  its  ally,  while  the  female  has  the  throat  broadly  streaked  with  cin- 
namon-rufous. Wing  (male)  95-103,  (female)  93-95;  tail  80-86,  (female)  80-8 1;  bill 
15-16. 

Material  examined. — Rio  de  Janeiro  3,  Corcovado  2,  summit  of  Itatiaya  i,  Colonia 
Alpina,  Serra  dos  Orgaos  2,  Therezopolis  3,  "Sao  Paulo"  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  69 

Muscicapa  rufogularis  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  p.  388,  1831 — no  locality  given,  the 
type  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  is  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  (descr.  9 ). 

Cnipolegus  lafresnayi  KAUP,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  29,  1853 — Brazil. 

Cnipolegus  nigerrimus  HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  332,  1859 — Sao  Paulo  and  "Rio 
Grande  do  Sul"  (monog.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  98,  1868 — Corcovado, 
Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  43,  1888 
— Brazil;  LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  353,  1909 — Itatiaya. 

Sericoptila  nigerrima  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  47,  1859 — Rio 
Grande8  (spec,  examined). 

Knipolegus  nigerrimus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
p.  652,  1906 — (note  on  SPIX'S  specimen);  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac. 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  184,  1906 — Retiro  do  Ramos,  Itatiaya;  IHERING,  Cat. 
F.  Braz.,  i,  p.  260,  1907 — Itarar6  and  Campos  de  Jordao  (Sao  Paulo),  Itatiaya 
(Minas);  PINTO-PEIXOTO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  262,  1923 — 
Monte-Serrat,  Itatiaya. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  provinces  of  Sao  Paulo,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  and  southern  Minas  Geraes. 

3:    Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  3). 

*Knipolegus  aterrimus  aterrimus  Kaup.    KAUP'S  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Fluvicola  nigerrima  (not  Muscicapa  nigerrima  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and 
D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  59,  1837 — part,  descr.  of 
female  and  localities  Cochabamba,  Moxos,  "Chiquitos"  (spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Ada  nigerrima  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  340,  1839 — part,  descr. 
of  male  and  localities  Ayupaya,  Cochabamba,  Chuquisaca. 

Cnipolegus  aterrimus  KAUP,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  29,  1853 — based  on  Fluvicola 
nigerrima  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY  and  Ada  nigerrima  D'ORBIGNY  part, 
Ayupaya,  Cochabamba,  Chuquisaca  (type — as  designated  by  HELLMAYR6 — 
from  Cochabamba  in  Paris  Museum);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  611 — part,  Cochabamba,  Chuquisaca  (ex  D'ORIBGNY);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  44,  1888 — part,  spec,  j-o,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  fasciatus  LEYBOLD,  Journ.  Orn.,  13,  p.  402,  1865 — Mendoza  (descr. 
cf  juv.,  9). 

Cnipolegus  cyanirostris  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Ornith.,  8,  p.  246, 
1860 — Mendoza  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  457,  1861 — • 
Mendoza. 

Cnipolegus  anthracinus  (not  of  HEINE)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  197,  1878 — 
Sierra  de  Cordoba  and  Rio  Guayquiraro  (crit.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  356 — • 
Salta  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  x,  p.  126,  1888— 

11  Probably  the  river  of  that  name  in  southern  Minas  Geraes.  The  specimens  show 
the  same  mode  of  preparation  as  the  types  of  Rhopochares  argentinus  CABANIS  and 
HEINE. 

b  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  317,  1925. 


70    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

part;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  44,  1888 — Mendoza,  Pampas  of 
Argentina,  Cordoba,  Salta  (spec,  examined) ;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol. 
Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401, 1890 — Cordoba;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La 
Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja  (spec,  examined);  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  9,  1895 — Salta;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p. 
12,  1897 — Tala,  Lesser,  Cara-huassi,  Salta  (spec,  examined);  HOLLAND,  Ibis, 
1897,  p.  167 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios  (spec,  examined);  HOLMBERG,  Seg. 
Censo  Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  535,  1898 — range,  excl.  Misiones;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  183,  1902 —  Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc. 
soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Rio  Sali;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  455 — Tolomosa, 
Tarija;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  219,  1904 — Tapia,  Criolla,  Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Rio  das  Pedras,  Salta  (spec,  examined); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  319,  1910  (range  in  Argentina); 
PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  321,  1923 — Rio  Colorado. 

Cnipolegus  hudsoni  (not  of  SCLATER)  WHITE,  P  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  39 — Cosquin, 
Cordoba  (spec,  examined). 

Knipolegus  aterrimus  aterrimus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  192, 
1909 — Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  32,  p.  316,  318,  1925 — 
eastern  Bolivia  and  Argentina  (monog.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
J33»  P-  3I1[»  !926 — General  Roca  (Rio  Negro)  and  Tapia  (Tucuman). 

Knipolegus  anthracinus  (not  of  HEINE)  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  35,  1916 — 
Mendoza. 

Knipolegus  aterrimus  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  x,  p.  150,  1918 — Chacras  and  Lujan 
de  Cuyo,  Mendoza;  REED,  I.e.,  p.  270,  1919 — Las  Higueras,  Mendoza  (nest 
and  eggs  descr.);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (in  depts.  Cochabamba,  Santa  Cruz, 
Chuquisaca,  and  Tarija)  and  western  Argentina  (from  Salta  to  Cor- 
doba, Mendoza,  and  Rio  Negro);  occasionally  also  in  Entrerios  (Rio 
Guayquiraro,  Santa  Elena)8. 

2:  Bolivia  (Parotani,  Cochabamba  i);  Argentina  (Gualfin,  Cata- 
marca  i). 

^Knipolegus  aterrimus  anthracinus  Heine*.    HEINE'S  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Cnipolegus  anthracinus  HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  334,  1859 — "  Bolivia"  =Yungas 
of  La  Paz  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined;  descr.  o"  ad.);  TACZANOWSKI, 

•  Males  from  Bolivia  and  various  parts  of  Argentina  agree  well  together.  Con- 
trary to  my  former  statement  (Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  319),  females  from  northwestern 
Argentina  (Salta,  Tucuman)  do  not  differ  from  a  series  of  topotypes,  while  those  from 
Mendoza  are  generally  paler,  less  brownish  above,  with  lighter  rufous  rump,  and 
whiter,  less  buffy  underneath.  Holland's  specimen,  a  young  female,  taken  at  Santa 
Elena  on  March  22,  1896 — except  for  its  slightly  more  grayish  back — agrees  well  with 
the  Mendoza  birds.  Its  occurrence  so  far  east  is  certainly  exceptional. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Parotani  i,  Cochabamba  2,  Valle  Grande  5, 
Samaipata  7,  Chuquisaca  3,  Tarija  4,  unspecified  4.  Argentina:  Salta  3,  Tala, 
Salta  i,  Cachi,  Salta  i;  Tucuman  3,  Norco  2,  Gomez  2,  Santa  Ana  i,  La  Criolla  i, 
Tapia  i;  Gualfin,  Catamarca  i;  Chilecito,  La  Rioja  i;  Cordoba  i,  Cosquin,  Cor- 
doba i;  Mendoza  10;  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios  i. 

b  Knipolegus  aterrimus  anthracinus  HEINE:  Similar  to  K.  a.  aterrimus,  but 
smaller.  Male  duller  black,  especially  below.  Female  distinguished  by  having  the 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  71 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  533 — Huanta;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  208,  1884 — 
Huanta,  Jligos,  Andamarca. 

Fluvicola  nigerrima  (not  Muscicapa  nigerrima  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and 
D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  59,  1837 — part,  Yungas 
(spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Ada  nigerrima  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  340, 1839 — part,  Yungas 
(descr.  ?). 

Cnipolegus  aterrimus  KAUP,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  29,  1853 — part,  Yungas  (ex  D'OR- 
BIGNY and  LAFRESNAYE);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  611 — 
part,  Yungas  (ex  D'ORBIGNY),  Sorata,  Tilotilo  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  44,  1888 — part,  spec,  c,  e-h,  Tilotilo,  Sorata  "(spec, 
examined). 

Myiarchus  fasciatus  (not  of  LEYBOLD)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  539 
— Huanta. 

Knipolegus  aterrimus  ockendeni  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  23,  p.  n,  1908 — 
Oconeque,  Carabaya,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Knipolegus  heterogyna  ockendeni  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  80, 
1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge,  Torontoy,  Urubamba,  Peru. 

Knipolegus  aterrimus  anthracinus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  316,  319,  1925 — 
western  Bolivia  and  southeastern  Peru  (monog.). 

Range:  Western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz)  and  southern  Peru 
(Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno;  Urubamba  Valley,  Dept.  Cuzco;  Huanta,  Dept. 
Ayacucho). 

i:     Peru  (Oconeque,  Carabaya  i). 

*Knipolegus  aterrimus  heterogyna   Berlepschb.     CAJABAMBA   BLACK 
TYRANT. 

Knipolegus  aterrimus  heterogyna  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  471,  Feb.  1907 — Caja- 
bamba,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  327,  1925 — northern  Peru 
(monog.). 

central  pair  of  rectrices  uniform  blackish  down  to  the  base;  the  four  succeeding  ones 
cinnamon  rufous  at  base  of  inner  web  only;  the  under  parts  paler,  less  ochreous,  and 
flammulated  with  dusky  grayish  on  chest;  the  crown  less  blackish;  the  primaries 
devoid  of  cinnamon  edges  along  outer  web.  Wing  (male)  81-8554,  (female)  72-79; 
tail  (male)  73-80,  (female)  64-73. 

The  type  of  C.  anthracinus  proves  to  be  a  specimen  of  the  small  West  Bolivian 
form  (see  Hellmayr,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  318,  1925).  Birds  from  Peru  (ockendeni) 
average  very  slightly  smaller,  and  the  females  have  the  dusky  patch  on  the  lateral 
rectrices  a  trifle  less  extended,  but  the  divergency  is  insignificant. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Yungas  of  La  Paz  1 8.  Peru:  Oconeque,  Carabaya 
5,  Urcos,  Cuzco  i. 

•  One  male  and  two  females  from  "Tilotilo"  which  turn  out  to  be  referable  to 
K.a.  aterrimus  are,  no  doubt,  incorrectly  labelled. 

b  Knipolegus  aterrimus  heterogyna  BERLEPSCH:  Male  like  K.  a.  anthracinus,  but 
somewhat  larger,  with  the  tail  more  strongly  rounded;  female  much  darker,  more  of 


72    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cnipolegus  aterrimus  (not  of  KAUP)  SAL  VIM,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  u,  1895 — Caja- 

bamba,  Chusgon,  Huamachuco,  Malca. 
Knipolegus  aterrimus  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  i,  p.  322,  1910 — Huaylil- 

las. 

Range :    Northern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Cajamarca  and  Libertad. 
i:    Peru  (Cajabamba  i). 

*Knipolegus  cyanirostris  (  Vieillof).    BLUE-BILLED  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  cyanirostris  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  21,  p.  447, 
1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  181,  Paraguay  (=  cf  ad.). 

Muscicapa  ruficapilla  VIEILLOT,  I.e.,  21,  p.  459,  1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  178, 
Paraguay  (=9). 

Muscicapa  cristata  LESSON,  Traits  d'Orn.,  p.  385,  1831 — no  locality  given  (the 
type  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by  Auguste  de  Saint-Hilaire 
in  southern  Brazil;  =  9);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  318,  1906  (crit.). 

Muscipeta  analis  NORDMANN  in  Erman,  Naturhist.  Atlas  Reise  um  die  Erde,  p.  15, 
1835 — based  on  Azara,  No.  178,  Paraguay  (=9). 

Fluvicola  cyanirostris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
P-  59.  1837 — Corrientes  (descr.  9). 

Ada  cyanirostris  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amei.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  340,  1839 — from  the 
3oth  degree  south  to  Corrientes  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Cnipolegus  unicolor  KAUP,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  29,  1853 — new  name  for  Ada  cyani- 
rostris D'ORBIGNY;  HEINE,  I.e.,  7,  p.  337,  1859  (ex  D'ORBIGNY);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  317,  1906  (crit.;  =C.  cyanirostris). 

Cnipolegus  cyanirostris  KAUP,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  29,  1853  (diag.);  HEINE,  I.e.,  7, 
P-  335,  1859  (monog.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  98,  1868 — Ypanema,  Cime- 
terio  do  Lambari,  Registo  Velho,  Capivari,  Curytiba  (spec,  examined); 
REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  356 — Lagoa  Santa 
(Minas)  and  Morro  Queimado  (Rio);  HAMILTON,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  304 — Sao 
Paulo;  PELZELN,  Nunquam  otios.,  2,  p.  291,  1874 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio; 
BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  141,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay, 
Entrerios;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  128,  1885 — 
Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (crit.);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i, 
p.  127,  1888 — range  excl.  Mendoza;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  46, 
1888 — La  Plata,  Uruguay,  Brazil;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  177 — Santa  Elena, 
Uruguay;  HOLMBERG,  Seg.  Censo  Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  536,  1898 — range;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  180,  1899 — Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — 
Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — 
Mundo  Novo. 

Knipolegus  cyanirostris  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  139,  1902 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  261,  1907 — Botucatu, 

a  blackish  brown  above  and  much  paler,  buff  rather  than  ochraceous  below;  upper 
tail-coverts  and  light  basal  area  of  rectrices  buffy  whitish  or  cinnamon  buff  instead 
of  bright  cinnamon  rufous,  this  pale  zone  being,  besides,  somewhat  differently  ar- 
ranged, invading  as  it  does  the  basal  half  of  the  outer  web  of  the  penultimate  as  also 
the  extreme  base  of  the  central  rectrix.  Wing  (male)  85^-88^,  (female)  75-79; 
tail  75K-8i,  (female)  69^-72;  bill  15^-17^. 

Material  examined. — Cajabamba  12,  Chusgon  5. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  73 

Salto  Grande  do  Paranapanema,  Itatiba,  Itarare1,  Bededouro,  Itapurd  (Rio 
Tiete1),  Campos  de  Jordao  (Sao  Paulo)  r  Pelotas  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul) ;  MIRANDA 
RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Riodejaneiro,  13, p.  184,  1906 — Itatiaya;  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  192,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires), 
San  Vicente  (Chaco);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  574 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  319,  1910 — range  in  Argentina,  excl. 
Mendoza;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Alto  Parana;  MENEGAUX, 
Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  10,  p.  318,  1918 — Villa  Lutetia,  Misiones;  TREMOLERAS, 
El  Hornero,  2,  p.  20, 1920 — Uruguay;  PINTO-PEIXOTO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  24,  p.  262,  1923 — Monte-Serrat,  Itatiaya;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32, 
p.  327,  1925 — Corrientes  (crit.,  range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  311,  1926 — Las  Palmas  (Chaco),  San  Vicente,  Rio  Negro,  and  Lazcano 
(Uruguay). 
Cnipolegus  aterrimus  (not  of  KAUP)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  604 — San 

Javier,  Misiones  (spec,  in  Mus.  Berlepsch  examined). 
Cnipolegus  sp.  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  604 — Santo  Tome1,  Corrientes. 
Range:      Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa) 

and   Espirito   Santo   (Victoria)    to   Rio   Grande  do  Sul  and  Matto 

Grosso;   Uruguay;   Paraguay;  eastern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Entrerios, 

Corrientes,  Misiones,  Santa  Fe*,  and  Buenos  Aires) a. 

1 1 :    Brazil  (Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  i ;  Therezopolis,  Rio  5 ;  Urucurn  de 

Corumba,  Matto  Grosso   i);    Argentina   (Caraguatay,    Misiones    i); 

Uruguay  (Maldonado  2,  north  of  San  Carlos  i). 

*Knipolegus  cabanisi  Schulz.    CABANIS'S  TYRANT. 

Cnipolegus  cabanisi  SCHULZ,  Journ.  Orn.,  30,  p.  462,  1882 — near  Sauciyaca  and 
Chaquebil,  Prov.  Tucumdn;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  128, 
1888 — Tucumdn;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  47,  1888 — Tucumdn; 
HOLMBERG,  Seg.  Censo  Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  536,  1898 — Tucuman;  LILLO,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  183,  1902 — San  Pablo,  Quebrada  de  Las  Piedras, 
Cumbre  de  la  Hoyada,  Tucumdn;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — 
same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  219,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Lagunita. 

Knipolegus  cabanisi  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  192,  1909 — Tafi 
Viejo,  Quebrada  de  Las  Piedras,  Cumbre  de  Raco,  Villa  Nougues  (Tucumdn), 
Ledesma  (Jujuy)  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  319,  1910 — Prov.  Tucumdn;  DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  140,  1918 — 
Tucumdn  (habits). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  northwestern  Argentina 
(in  prov.  Tucuman  and  Jujuy),  north  apparently  to  southeastern 
Peru  (Marcapata  Valley) b. 

i:    Argentina  (Ledesma,  Jujuy  i). 

s  Birds  from  Argentina  (C.  unicolor)  are  identical  with  others  from  Paraguay 
(topotypical  cyanirostris)  and  Brazil  (cristata). 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  2,  NovoFriburgo  i,  Ther- 
ezopolis 5,  Sao  Paulo  9,  Parand  4,  Sao  Lourenco,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  3.  Argen- 
tina: Conception,  Misiones  i,  Corrientes  (type  of  C.  unicolor)  i,  Barracas  al  Sud  2, 
San  Vicente,  Chaco  i.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  4. 

b  An  adult  male  from  Quispicanchio  and  a  female  from  Chirimayo,  Marcapata, 


74    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Knipolegus  orenocensis  orenocensis  Berlepsch*.    ORINOCO  TYRANT. 

Cnipolegus  orenocensis  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (5)  2,  p.  433,  pi.  12,  1884 — Angostura, 
Orinoco  R.,  Venezuela  (type  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  47,  1888 — Angostura;  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  10,  1890 — 
Angostura;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  35,  1902 — Altagracia, 
Caicara,  Capuchin;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  218,  1916 — 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Altagracia,  Caicara  (descr.  juv.). 

Range :  Venezuela,  on  the  banks  of  the  Orinoco  (from  Ciudad  Boli- 
var up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Meta)  and  Apure  River  (San  Fernando). 

Knipolegus  orenocensis  xinguensis  Berlepschb.     XINGU  TYRANT. 

Knipolegus  orenocensis  xinguensis  BERLEPSCH,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  20,  p.  19,  1912 — 
Santa  Julia,  Rio  Iriri,  R.  Xingu  (type  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  378,  1914 — Rio  Iriri. 

Knipolegus  orenocensis  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  41, 
1908 — Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz. 

Knipolegus  xinguensis  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523,  1913— 'Rio  Iriri. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  banks  of  the  Araguaya  and  Iriri 
(tributary  of  the  Xingu). 

Knipolegus  orenocensis  sclateri  Hellmayr*.    SCLATER'S  SOOTY  TYRANT. 

Knipolegus  sclateri  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  318,  1906 — Rio  Madeira  [below 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Mahissy],  Brazil;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  261, 
1907 — Rio  Madeira;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  285,  1910 — Rio  Madeira. 

July  1 6,  both  secured  by  the  late  G.  Ockenden  and  preserved  in  the  collection  of  the 
Tring  Museum  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  a  topotypical  series. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Tucuman:  Villa  Nougues  i,  Cumbre  de  Raco  2, 
Quebrada  de  Las  Piedras  i,  Tafi  Viejo  2;  Ledesma,  Jujuy  4.  Peru:  Marcapata 
Valley  2. 

a  Knipolegus  orenocensis  orenocensis  BERLEPSCH:  Male  above  slate  gray,  tinged 
with  olivaceous,  passing  into  sooty  blackish  on  crown;  sides  of  head  and  under  parts 
dark  sooty  gray,  the  latter  slightly  washed  with  olive.  Female  much  lighter  olive 
gray,  the  crown  hardly  darker  than  the  back.  Wing  (eight  males)  82-85^,  (seven 
females)  76-79;  tail  (male)  75-80,  (female)  69-74;  bill  14.^-16. 

Material  examined. — Angostura  i,  Altagracia  10,  Caicara  2,  Capuchin  i,  San 
Fernando,  Rio  Apure  i. 

b  Knipolegus  orenocensis  xinguensis  BERLEPSCH:  Male  very  similar  to  K.  0. 
orenocensis,  but  coloration  more  purely  slate  gray,  without  any  olivaceous  hue; 
female,  however,  very  different  by  having  the  under  parts  buff  or  buffy  white, 
flammulated  with  gray,  especially  on  throat  and  middle  line,  and  by  its  paler  gray 
back.  Wing  (five  males)  85-87^,  (three  females)  78-79;  tail  (male)  75-77,  (female) 
72-74;  bill  15-16. 

Two  males  from  the  Rio  Araguaya,  in  very  fresh  plumage,  are  decidedly  darker 
than  the  typical  series  which  is  in  rather  worn  condition. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Iriri  6;  Rio  Araguaya  2  (males). 

0  Knipolegus  orenocensis  sclateri  HELLMAYR:  Male  agreeing  with  K.  o.  orenocensis 
and  K.  o.  xinguensis  in  absence  of  whitish  margin  along  inner  web  of  quills,  but  much 
smaller  and  darker,  sooty  black,  with  a  slight  silky  gloss  on  the  upper  parts;  female 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  75 

Cnipokgus  unicolor  (not  of  KAUP)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  99,  1868 — Rio 
Madeira  (descr.  of  female;  spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  47,  1888 — Pebas. 

Range:    Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  Madeira  west  to  Pebas,  Peru. 

Genus  PHAEOTRICCUS  Ridgway. 

Phaeotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  209,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Cnipolegus  hudsoni  SCLATER. 

Phaeotriccus  hudsoni  (Sclater)b.    HUDSON'S  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Cnipolegus  hudsoni  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  541,  pi.  31 — Rio  Negro, 
Patagonia  (type  examined;  =  cf);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  126, 
1888 — Patagonia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  45,  1888 — Rio  Negro 
(descr.  cf);  HOLMBERG,  Seg.  Censo  Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  535,  1898  (descr.  cT); 
HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  167 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios  (spec,  examined); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  319,  1910 — Rio  Negro. 

Cnipolegus  anthracinus  (not  of  HEINE)  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  i, 
p.  24,  1 88 1 — between  the  Rio  Colorado  and  Rio  Negro. 

Knipolegus  aterrimus  hudsoni  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  472,  1907  (crit.) ;  PEREYRA, 
El  Hornero,  3,  p.  168,  1923 — San  Isidro,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Phaeotriccus  hudsoni  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  314,  1926 — 
Victorica,  Pampa. 

Range:  Argentina  (Rio  Negro;  Rio  Colorado;  Victorica,  Pampa; 
Neuquen;  San  Isidro,  Buenos  Aires;  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios),  and  east- 
ern Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra)0. 

not  unlike  K.  o.  xinguensis  on  the  under  parts  which  are  buffy,  streaked  with  grayish 
brown,  but  smaller  and  immediately  recognizable  by  dull  wood  brown  (instead  of 
olive  gray)  upper  parts  and  sides  of  head,  pale  brownish  (not  olive  gray)  edges  to 
wing-coverts  and  quills,  and  slight  rufescent  fringes  to  the  upper  tail-coverts.  Wing 
(two  males)  77-78,  (one  female)  72;  tail  (male)  69-71,  (female)  65;  bill  14^-15. 
Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  Madeira  2  (icT  i  9).  Peru:  Pebas  i  (cT). 

a  Phaeotriccus  RIDGWAY,  though  nearly  allied  to  Knipolegus,  may  be  separated 
by  the  narrow,  subfalcate  three  outer  primaries,  this  character  being  as  well  devel- 
oped in  the  female  as  in  the  male  sex. 

b  Phaeotriccus  hudsoni  (SCLATER),  in  addition  to  the  peculiar  shape  of  the  outer 
primaries,  may  be  distinguished,  in  the  male  sex,  from  Knipolegus  a.  aterrimus  by 
much  smaller  size,  shorter  as  well  as  slenderer  bill,  and  by  possessing  a  tuft  of  silky 
white  feathers  on  each  side  of  the  rump.  The  female,  here  for  the  first  time  charac- 
terized, in  coloration  recalls  that  of  K.  aterrimus  anthracinus,  but  is  much  smaller 
and  has  the  crown  washed  with  cinnamon,  while  the  lower  parts  are  much  paler,  almost 
whitish,  and  the  dusky  tips  to  the  lateral  rectrices  much  less  extended.  Wing  (six 
males)  70-72,  (one  female,  Neuquen)  68 tf ',  tail  67-69;  bill  13-14. 

0  Two  adult  males  obtained  by  A.  H.  Holland  at  Santa  Elena  (Entrerios)  on 
October  3,  1895  are  identical  with  four  topotypes  from  the  Rio  Negro.  An  immature 
male  from  Santa  Cruz  (Carnegie  Museum,  No.  32856)  is  slightly  larger  (wing  73; 
tail  71)  and  has  a  more  blackish  bill.  The  only  female  seen  by  me  was  secured  by 
E.  Weiske  at  Neuquen,  on  November  12,  1910,  and  is  in  the  Munich  Museum 
(No.  12.86). 


76    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Phaeotriccus  poecilocercus  (Pelzelri)*.     PELZELN'S  BLACK  TYRANT. 

Empidochanes  poecilocercus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  181,  1868 — Rio 
Amajau,  Rio  Negro  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined;  =9);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  27,  1905  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
14,  p.  12,  1907 — Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Cnipolegus  pusillus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  158,  1873 
— Lower  Amazon  (type  in  British  Museum  examined;  =  cf  ad.);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  74,  1888 — Lower  Amazon;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  36,  1902 — Perico,  Orinoco  R.,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  525,  1908 — Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocantins. 

Cnipolegus  unicolor  (not  of  KAUP)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p. 
577 — Lower  Amazon. 

Knipolegus  pusillus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  284,  1910 — Jamarysinho,  Rio 
Machados;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523,  1913 — Tocantins,  Rio  Iriri, 
Cussary  (habits);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  378,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins 
(Alcobaca,  Arumatheua),  Rio  Iriri  (Santa  Julia),  Cussary,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio 
Jamundd  (Faro) ;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  219,  1916 — 
Perico. 

Knipolegus  poecilocercus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  240,  1913  (monog.,  range, 
descr.  cf  9). 

Range:  British  Guiana  (Ourumee);  Venezuela  (Perico,  Rio  Orin- 
oco) ;  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Tocantins  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira  and 
upper  Rio  Negro  (Rio  Amajau). 

3:    Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  3). 

Genus  ENTOTRICCUS  Wetmore  and  Petersb. 

Entotriccus  WETMORE  and  PETERS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  36,  p.  144,  1923 — 
type  by  orig.  desig.  Muscisaxicola  striaticeps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

B  Phaeotriccus  poecilocercus  (PELZELN)  ,  in  shape  of  the  three  outer  primaries, 
agrees  with  P.  hudsoni,  but  is  much  smaller  in  all  proportions.  The  male  is  glossy 
black  like  its  ally,  but  lacks  the  white  basal  zone  on  the  inner  web  of  the  quills  as 
well  as  the  white  tuft  on  the  sides  of  the  rump.  The  female,  too,  shows  much  analogy 
in  coloration  (two  light  bands  across  the  wing-coverts,  dusky  streaks  on  throat  and 
breast,  cinnamomeous  upper  tail-coverts);  it  differs,  however,  in  addition  to  its 
smaller  size,  by  the  dusky  and  rufous  areas  of  the  tail  being  arranged  in  another  way. 
Wing  (five  males)  59-61 >£,  (five  females)  55-59;  tail  48-53;  bill  n>£-i2#. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Monte  Alegre  i,  Rio  Jamundd  i,  lower  Amazon  i, 
Itaituba  i,  Jamarysinho  i,  Rio  Amajau  i,  Serra  da  Lua  3.  Venezuela:  Perico  2. 
British  Guiana:  Ourumee  (  9  ad.,  Oct.  3,  1890,  H.  Whitely,  jr.,  in  coll.  British 
Museum). 

b  Entotriccus  WETMORE  and  PETERS  comes  very  close  to  Phaeotriccus,  but  differs 
in  much  smaller,  slenderer  bill,  and  by  having  all  the  primaries  (instead  of  only  the 
three  outer  ones)  more  or  less  narrowed  and  subfalcate;  besides,  the  outermost  pri- 
mary is  much  shorter,  being  equal  to  the  outer  secondaries  instead  of  to  the  eight  or 
ninth  primary.  The  propriety  of  genetically  separating  M.  striaticeps  is  perhaps 
questionable,  the  peculiar  structure  of  the  wing  being  much  less  developed  in  the 
female  sex. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  77 

*Entotriccus  striaticeps  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).  CINEREOUS 
TYRANT. 

Muscisaxicola  striaticeps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  66,  1837 — "La  Paz"  =  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined;  =  9);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  356,  pi.  41,  fig.  i, 
1839 — ''La  Paz";  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  318,  1906  (crit.). 

Cnipolegus  cinereus  SCLATER,  P.Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  58 — Corumba,  Rio  Paraguay, 
Matto  Grosso  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  examined;  =cf);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  197,  1878 — Cordoba  (note  on  female);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1879,  p.  460 — Cordoba;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  357,  pi.  10  (d"  9) — 
Tucuman  and  Salta;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  128,  1888 — Argen- 
tina; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  47,  1888 — Salta,  Tucuman,  Cordoba; 
STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — 
Cordoba;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  129 — Rio  Pilcomayo;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  12,  1897 — Tala,  Salta;  HOLMBERG,  Seg.  Censo 
Rep.  Arg.,  i,  p.  536,  1898 — Argentina;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
p.  184,  1902 — Tapia,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — 
Tapia;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Tapia. 

Knipolegus  striaticeps  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  193,  1909 — 
Tapia,  Vipos  (Tucuman),  Santiago  del  Estero;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  319,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  141, 
1918  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — Sierra  of  La 
Rioja;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  334,  19^5  (crit.). 

Cnipolegus  striaticeps  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  575 — Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Phaeotriccus  striaticeps  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Asunci6n. 

Entotriccus  striaticeps  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  313,  1926 — 
Riacho  Pilago  (Formosa),  Puerto  Pinasco  (Paraguay),  and  Tapia  (Tucuman) 
(habits). 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz,  Chiquitos,  San  Miguel); 
southwestern  Brazil  (Corumbd,  Matto  Grosso);  Paraguay  (Asunci6n, 
Sapucay);  northern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Cordoba,  Santiago  del  Es- 
tero, Chaco,  Formosa,  Tucuman,  Salta,  and  Jujuy)8. 

i:    Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz  i). 

Genus  LICHENOPS  Sundevall. 

Lichenops  SUNDEVALL,  Vetenskaps  Akad.  Handl.  for  1835,  p.  88,  1836 — type  by 
monotypy  "Le  Clignot"  Commerson  =  Motacilla  perspicillata  GMELIN. 

Perspicilla  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  i,  p.  30,  1836;  I.e.,  2,  p.  257,  1836 — type  by 
subs,  desig.  (SWAINSON,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10,  p.  104,  1838)  Motacilla  per- 
spicillata GMELIN. 

*Lichenops  perspicillata  perspicillata  (Gmelin).    SPECTACLED  TYRANT. 
Motacilla  perspicillata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  969,  1789 — based  on  BUF- 
FON's"Le  Clignot,"  Montevideo. 

•Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  i,  Chiquitos  i,  San  Miguel  i. 
Brazil:  Corumba  i.  Argentina:  Tapia,  Tucuman  3,  Vipos  i;  Corral,  Santiago  del 
Estero  2,  San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy  i. 


78    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscicapa  nigricans  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  21,  p.  454, 
1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  182,  Paraguay;  =9). 

Muscicapa  commersonii  LESSON.Traite'  d'Orn.,  p.  388,  1831 — Paraguay  ( =  o"  ad.). 

Perspicitta  leucoptera  SWAINSON,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  105,  pi. 
9  ( =  d"),  1838 — new  name  for  Motacilla  perspicillata  GMELIN,  southern  Brazil. 

Lichenops  erythropterus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  52,  pi.  9,  1839 — 
banks  of  the  Plata  ( =  9 ). 

Fluvicola  perspicillata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 

7,  cl.  2,  p.  58,  1837 — Buenos  Aires,  Corrientes,  Chiquitos  (Bolivia),  Patagonia 
(spec,  examined). 

Ada  perspicillata  D'ORBIGNY, Voyage  Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  339,  1839 — Corrientes, 
mouth  of  the  La  Plata  (Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires),  Patagonia  (Rio  Negro), 
Bolivia  (Chiquitos,  Moxos). 

Lichenops  perspicillatus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  51,  1839 — neighbor- 
hood of  the  Plata,  and  across  the  Pampas  as  far  as  Mendoza;  BURMEISTER, 
Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  457,  1861 — from  the  Banda  Oriental  to  Mendoza. 

Cnipolegus  perspicillatus  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Argentina. 

Lichenops  perspicillata  (us)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  99,  1868 — Pansecco  and 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141 — Conchitas;  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  432  (sexual 
diff.);  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  262,  1869 — Buenos  Aires;  HOLTZ,  I.e., 
18,  p.  8,  1870 — Buenos  Aires  (egg  descr.);  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p. 
252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  159 — 
Belgrano,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  34 — Chubut  Valley;  idem,  I.e.,  p. 
176 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires  (soft  parts  of  both  sexes);  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  60 
— Buenos  Aires  (nest  and  plumages  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  394 — Chubut; 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  484,  1879  (synon.);  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
YIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  612 — Chiquitos  (ex  D'ORIBGNY);  GIBSON,  Ibis, 
1880,  p.  21 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882, 
p  605 — Monte  Grande,  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8, 
p.  141,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  HOLMBERG,  Act.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba, 
5,  p.  78,  1884 — Tandil,  La  Tinta;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  129, 
1888 — range  (excl.  Chile);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  48,  1888— part, 
spec,  a-q,  Maldonado,  Alvear  (Uruguay),  Pelotas  (Brazil),  Belgrano,  Conchi- 
tas, Parana,  Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Aires;  BURMEISTER,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  3,  p.  317,  1890 — Caprek-aik;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac. 
Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  425; 
1891,  p.  1 6 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  199 — same 
locality;  KERR,  I.e.,  p.  129 — Fortin  Page,  Pilcomayo;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  P- 
177 — Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  2o8,p.  9,  1895 — 
San  Jose",  Paraguari,  and  Carpegud  (Paraguay),  San  Pablo  (Tucuman);  idem, 
l.c.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  12,  1897 — San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy),  Tala  (Salta);  IHERING, 
Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — Pedras  Brancas,  Rio 
Grande,  and  Rio  Camaquam,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined);  KERR, 
Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Paraguayan  Chaco;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
25»  P-  !39i  J9O2 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires, 

8,  p.  184,  1902 — Famailld,  eastern  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  79 

p.  47,  1905 — Famailla;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  261,  1907 —  range; 
CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  575 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  319,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  113 — 
Los  Ynglases  and  Cape  San  Antonio  (Buenos  Aires),  Monte  Alto  (Paraguay), 
Bella  Vista  (Corrientes) ;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.  p.  54,  1914 — Encarnaci6n, 
Paraguay;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  35,  1916 — Mendoza;  HUSSEY,  Auk, 
33»  P-  393.  !9J6 — La  Plata;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  399 — Cape  San  Antonio; 
SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — La  Paz,  Lujan  de  Cuyo,  and  Chacras 
Coria,  Mendoza;  MARELLI,  I.e.,  p.  225,  1919 — Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Aires; 
TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  Minas,  and  Mal- 
donado,  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  SERIE 
and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3, 
p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e..  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Buenos  Aires. 

Lichenops  perspicillata  perspicillata  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p. 
193, 1909 — Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios) ;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  326,  1912 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  idem.,  El 
Hornero,  i,  p.  236,  1919 — Isla  Martin  Garcia;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr. 
Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  646,  1926 — Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32, 
P-  3l5i  I925  (crit.,  meas.,  range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p. 
302,  1926 — Uruguay,  Chaco,  Buenos  Aires,  Mendoza  (Tunuyan)  and  Rio 
Negro  (General  Roca)  (crit.). 

Lichenops  perspicillata  andina  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p-  321,  1923 — Huanuluan  (Rio  Negro)  and  Bariloche  (Lake  Nahual 
Huapi);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  304,  1926 — Zapala,  Neu- 
quen  (crit.);  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  448,  1925 — Corral  Chico 
and  Arroyo  Cumallo,  Rio  Negro  (crit.). 

Range:  Argentina,  east  of  the  Andes  south  to  Chubut;  Uruguay; 
Paraguay;  eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos);  southern  Brazil  (Pansecco,  near 
the  Jauru  River,  southwestern  Matto  Grosso;  Rio  Grande  do  Sul)». 

14:  Argentina  (Isles  of  the  Parand  i;  Concepcion,  Tucumdn  5); 
Paraguay  (Villa  Rica  i) ;  Uruguay  (Treinta  y  Tres  3,  near  San  Vicente  3, 
Maldonado  i). 

*Lichenops   perspicillata   andina    Ridgwayh.      CHILEAN    SPECTACLED 
TYRANT. 

a  Males  from  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  are  identical  with  others  from  Uruguay  and  east- 
ern Argentina  (Corrientes,  Entrerios,  Buenos  Aires).  Those  from  Matto  Grosso 
(Pansecco),  Bolivia,  and  western  Argentina  (Neuquen,  Mendoza)  are  variously 
intermediate  to  andina  as  far  as  the  markings  of  the  outer  primaries  are  concerned, 
and  some  approach  it  even  in  size  (see  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  316,  1925). 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Pedras  Brancas  2,  Rio  Grande  2 ; 
Pansecco,  Matto  Grosso  7.  Uruguay:  Maldonado  3.  Argentina:  Corrientes  i, 
La  Soledad,  Entrerios  2 ;  Tucuman  5 ;  Buenos  Aires  5 ;  Rio  Negro,  Patagonia  i ; 
Mendoza  i;  Neuquen  (Rio  Limay,  Nogueira,  Neuquen)  7.  Bolivia:  Chiquitos  i. 

b  Lichenops  perspicillata  andina  RIDGWAY:  Differs  from  the  typical  race  by  larger 
size  and  by  the  adult  males  having  the  black  basal  portion  of  the  five  outer  primaries 
extended  on  to  the  sinuation  of  the  quills,  the  white  area  being  thus  considerably 
smaller,  while  the  dusky  apical  spots  are  generally  larger  and  more  blackish.  Wing 
(ten  adult  males)  93-97;  tail  62-66. 


8o     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lichenops  perspicittatus,  ft.  andinus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  "1878," 
p.  483,  May  22,  1879 — Chile. 

Lichenops  erythropterus  (not  of  GOULD)  CASSIN  in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2, 
p.  185,  1855 — Chile;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  311,  1860 — 
Santiago  (nesting). 

Lichenops  perspicillata(us)  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  n,  p.  no,  1843 — Chile; 
PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  77,  1865 — Chile;  SALVIN,  P.  Z. 
S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  423 — Coquimbo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  48, 
1888 — part,  spec,  s-y,  Coquimbo,  Chile;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  31 — Hacienda 
Mansel  (Santiago),  Rio  Bueno,  and  Rio  Pilmaiguen  (Prov.  Valdivia) ;  SCHALOW, 
Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  719,  1898 — Punta  Teatina,  near  La  Serena,  Co- 
quimbo; BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  145,  1920 — Nilahu6,  Prov. 
Curic6. 

Lichenops  perspicittata  andina  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  315,  1925 — Chile 
(crit.). 

Range :    Central  Chile,  from  Valdivia  to  Coquimbo. 

7:    Chile*  (Lake  Gualletue,  Cautin  6;  Maitenes,  Limache,  Prov.  Val- 
paraiso i). 

Genus  MUSCIPIPRA  Lesson. 

Muscipipra  LESSON,  Traite  d'Orn.,  p.  387,  1831 — type  by  monotypy  Muscipipra 
longipennis  LESSON  =  Muscicapa  vetula  LICHTENSTEIN. 

Ictiniscus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  42,  1859 — new  name  for  Mus- 
cipipra LESSON. 

*Muscipipra    vetula    (Lichtenstein) .      LICHTENSTEIN'S    FORK-TAILED 
TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  vetula  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  53,  1823 — Sao 
Paulo;  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  15,  pi.  18,  1825 — Sao  Paulo. 

Muscicapa  pullata  BONAPARTE,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  4,  p.  383,  1825 — 
South  America. 

Tyrannus  longipennis  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst., 
20,  No.  40,  p.  283,  Jan.  1826 — Brazil,  coll.  Natterer. 

Milvulus  longipennis  JARDINE  and  SELBY,  Illustr.  Orn.,  Part  3,  pi.  42,  April  1828. 

Muscipipra  longipennis  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  p.  387,  1831 — "du  Bresil,  a 
Sainte-Catherine. ' ' 

Milvulus  vetula  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  468,  1856 — Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes. 

Dicrurus  marginatus  BLYTH,  Ibis,  (n.  s.)  i,  p.  46,  1865;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1878,  p.  339  (crit.). 

Muscipipra  vetula  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  99,  1868 — Casa  Pintada,  Ypanema, 
and  Itarar£,  Sao  Paulo;  REINBARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
P-  353 — Lagoa  Santa  (ex  BURMEISTER);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  81 

p.  49,  1888 — Sao  Paulo,  Rio  Claro  "Goyaz,"  and  "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul"  (errore);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  181,  1899 — Piracicaba,  Sao 
Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  262,  1907 — Piracicaba,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Itarare",  Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Paulo; 
MiRANDA-RiBEiRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  184,  1906 — Morro 
Redondo — Retire  do  Ramos,  Itatiaya;  BERTONI,  Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907 — 
[author's  sep.  p.  3],  1907 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay,  and  Iguazu,  Misiones; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  433,  1910 — same  localities; 
CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Scient.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  480,  497,  1912 — 
Vera  Guarany,  Parana;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni; 
MIRANDA-RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  254,  1923 — 
Itatiaya;  PiNTO-PEixoxo,  I.e.,  p.  262,  1923 — Monte-Serrat,  Itatiaya. 

Ictiniscus  vetulus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Prov.  Rio 
de  Janeiro. 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Minas 
Geraes  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to  Santa  Catharina,  and  adjacent  parts 
of  Paraguay  (Alto  Parana)  and  Argentina  (Misiones). 

6 :  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  5 ;  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande,  Rio 
Paranapanema,  Sao  Paulo  i). 

Genus  FLUVICOLA  Swainson. 

Fluvicola  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  172,  1827 — generic  characters  only;  type 
by  subs,  desig.  (SWAINSON,  Zool.  Illust.,  (2nd  ser.),  2,  pi.  46,  1831)  Fluvicola 
cursoria  SWAINSON  =  0enanthe  climazura  VIEILLOT. 

Entomophagus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3,  (2),  p.  781,  1831 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Muscicapa  mystacea  SPIX  =  Oenanthe  climazura  VIEILLOT. 

(?)  Myiophila  REICHENBACH",  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  67,  1850 — no  type  specified. 

*Fluvicola  pica  pica  (Boddaert).    WHITE-SHOULDERED  WATER-TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  pica  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  42,  1783 — based  on  DAUBENTON, 
PI.  enl.  675,  fig.  i,  Cayenne. 

Muscicapa  bicolor  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  946,  1789 — based  on  DAUBENTON, 
PI.  enl.  566,  fig.  3,  Cayenne. 

Fluvicola  bicolor  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  703,  1848 — 
British  Guiana. 

Fluvicola  pica  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  148,  1855 — Bogota;  TAYLOR,  Ibis, 
1864,  p.  85 — Trinidad;  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  205,  1866 — Trinidad; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  97,  1868 — Forte  do  Sao  Joaquim  do  Rio  Branco; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Venezuela;  idem,  I.e., 
1875,  p.  237 — San  Cristobal,  Tachira;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — Lake 

B  Although  synonymized  by  Gray  (Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  48,  1855) 
with  Arundinicola  D'ORBIGNY,  Myiophila  appears  to  have  been  based  on  Muscicapa 
pica  rather  than  on  Pipra  leucocephala  LINNAEUS,  as  far  as  one  can  judge  from 
Reichenbach's  drawings.  Fortunately,  the  name  is  a  synonym  in  either  case. 


82    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Paturia,  Rio  Magdalena;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  291 — British  Guiana;  SCLA- 
TER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  35,  1885 — Georgetown,  Cayenne,  Valencia 
(Venezuela),  Bogotd;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  37,  1894 — 
mouth  of  Cipero  River  and  Princestown,  Trinidad;  ALLEN,  I.e.,  13,  p.  151, 
1900 — Cienaga;  ROBINSON,  Flying  Trip,  p.  160,  1895 — Baranquilla  and  Rio 
Magdalena;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumana;  BERLEPSCH  and  HAR- 
TERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  34,  1902 — Altagracia,  Caicara  and  Ciudad  Bolivar 
(Orinoco  River),  La  Pricion  (Caura  River);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris, 
10,  p.  116,  1904 — Macouria,  French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
p.  21,  1906 — Seelet  and  Caroni  Swamp,  Trinidad;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  125, 
1908 — Cayenne;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  95,  1909 — Guanoco,  Orinoco 
delta;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1913,  p.  203 — Manimo  River, 
Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  216,  1916 — Orinoco 
Valley  up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Meta;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  431,  1917 — Turbaco,  Cali,  La  Manuelita,  Rio  Frio,  Honda,  Calamar, 
La  Playa,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  73, 
1918 — near  Paramaribo,  Surinam;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  137, 
1921 — Upper  Takutu  Mts.,  Bartica,  Bonasika  River,  Abary  River,  George- 
town; TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  387,  1922 — Cienaga, 
Fundaci6n,  Dibulla  and  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Santa  Marta  region;  DELACOUR, 
Ibis,  1923,  p.  147 — Guarico,  Venezuela. 

Range:  Trinidad;  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela, 
from  the  north  coast  south  to  the  Orinoco  and  its  tributaries;  Colom- 
bia; northern  Brazil  (upper  Rio  Branco)a. 

26:  Colombia  (Atrato  River  i,  Turbaco  i,  Rio  Cauqueta  2,  Cali  i, 
Bogotd  2) ;  Venezuela  (Encontrados  2,  Catatumbo  River  6,  Altagracia  i, 
Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  i;  Maracay,  Aragua  i;  Lake  Valencia  3);  British 
Guiana  (Georgetown  3);  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  Rio  Branco  i);  Trini- 
dad (Seelet  i). 

*Fluvicola  pica  albiventer  (Spix)b.    WHITE-BELLIED  WATER-TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  albiventer  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  21,  pi.  30,  fig.  i,  ("mas"),  1825 — part, 
descr.  of  "male,"  Brazil  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined ;=juv.). 

»  Not  having  seen  any  Peruvian  material,  I  am  unable  to  ascertain  whether  birds 
from  that  country  should  be  referred  to  F.  p.  pica  or  F.  p.  albiventer;  consequently  the 
subjoined  references  could  not  be  allocated. 

Fluvicola  pica  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.-Lond.,  1866,  p.  187 — Upper  Ucayali; 
idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  277 — Upper  Ucayali,  Pebas;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>., 
2,  p.  205,  1884 — Ucayali,  Pebas. 

Fluvicola  albiventris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  P-  978— Pebas; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  36,  1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Pebas. 

b  Fluvicola  pica  albiventer  (Spix)  principally  differs  from  its  northern  representa- 
tive by  lacking  the  white  on  upper  back  and  scapulars;  black  instead  of  white  upper 
tail-coverts,  and  much  narrower  white  edges  to  secondaries  and  rectrices. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Goyaz  2,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  i, 
Piauhy  i,  Maranhao  i,  Ceara  3,  Calama,  Rio  Madeira  i,  unspecified  2.  Argentina: 
Buenos  Aires  2,  Corrientes  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  83 

Flavicola  bicolor  (not  of  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  58,  1837 — no  locality  given;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r. 
me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  343,  1839 — Corrientes,  and  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  520,  1856 — 
Brazil. 

Fluvicola  albiventris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  97,  1868 — Goyabeira,  Goyaz,  and 
Rio  Araguay  (Goyaz),  Engenho  do  Gama  (Matto  Grosso);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  577 — Mexiana;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  633 — 
Conchitas,  Buenos  Aires;  HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  113 — Buenos  Aires;  DURN- 
FORD,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  59 — Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i, 
p.  121,  1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  36,  1888 — 
Mexiana,  Belgrano  (Buenos  Aires),  Bolivia;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7, 
p.  269,  1890 — Santarem;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  129 — Lower  Pilcomayo;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Corumbd,  Matto  Grosso; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  9,  1895 — Bahia  Negra 
and  Colonia  Risso  (Paraguay),  Corumbd  (Matto  Grosso);  idem,  I.e.,  12, 
No.  292,  p.  12,  1897 — Caiza,  Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  6,  1900 — 
Carandasinho,  Matto  Grosso;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Villa  Concepcion, 
Paraguay;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  183,  1902 — Tucuman; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Tucuman;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911, 
p.  in — Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  71,  1910 — Joazeiro,  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia),  The- 
rezina  (Piauhy);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523,  1913 — Lower  Amazonia; 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  379,  1914 — Rio  Iriri,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Pinhel), 
Maraj6  (Chaves,  S.  Natal),  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru  (Ig. 
de  Paituna);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — Caceres,  Matto 
Grosso. 

Fluvicola  albiventer  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  653, 
1906 — note  on  type;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  258,  1907 — Santarem 
and  Buenos  Aires;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  191,  1909 — 
Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires),  Mocovi  and  Ocampo  (Santa  F£),  Lagunas  de 
Malvinas  (Tucuman);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  284,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Ma- 
deira; DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  317,  1910 — Cordoba, 
Tucuman,  Chaco,  Buenos  Aires;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1913 — 
Asuncion;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  392,  1916 — La  Plata;  SERIE  and  SMYTH, 
El  Hornero,  3,  p.  49,  1922 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  71 — 
La  Rioja;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  645,  1924 — Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  314,  1925 — Corrientes  (crit.); 
WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  308,  1926 — Formosa,  Terr.  Formosa. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  the  Amazon  and  the  Rio  Madeira  south  to 
Goyaz  and  Matto  Grosso ;  eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos,  Caiza) ;  Para- 
guay ;  and  northern  Argentina,  from  the  Pilcomayo  south  to  Buenos  Aires. 

4 :  Brazil  (Quixada,  Ceara  2 ;  Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas,  Bahia  i ; 
Arara,  Piauhy  i). 

*Fluvicola  climazura  climazura  (  Vieillof).    COURIER  WATER-TYRANT. 
Oenanthe  climazura  VIEILLOT  in  Vieillot  and  Oudart,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  255, 
pi.  157,  1824 — "Bre"sil." 


84    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscicapa  mystacea  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  22,  1825 — "in  provincia  Bahia"  (type 
in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  p.  654,  1906  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  mystax  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  pi.  313,  1825. 

Fluvicola  cursoria  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Illust.,  (2nd  ser.),  2,  pi.  46,  1831 — Pernambuco. 

Platyrhynchus  pseudogillia  LESSON,  Rev.  Zool.,  2,  p.  101,  1839 — Brazil  (type  in 
Rochefort  (France)  Museum). 

Entomophagus  mystaceus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  782,  1831 — Bel- 
monte  and  Itahype  Rivers,  southern  Bahia. 

Fluvicola  mystacea  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  519,  1856 — eastern 
Brazil. 

Fluvicola  climacura  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  97,  1868 — Brazil  [  =  Bahia|  (spec, 
examined);  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  340 — Pernambuco;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  36,  1888 — Bahia,  Pernambuco;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  40 — 
Bahia  City;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  71, 
1910 — Beberibe  and  Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife  (Pernambuco),  Cabul£  (Bahia), 
Ilha  Grande,  Lake  of  Parnagua,  and  littoral  of  Piauhy. 

Fluvicola  climazura  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  258,  1907 — Bahia;  idem, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  439,  478,  pi.  9,  fig.  i  (nest),  1914 — Cidade  da  Barra, 
Bahia. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  (Caravellas,  Belmonte, 
Itahype;  Sao  Amaro  and  Cabule,  near  Bahia  city;  Barra,  Rio  Sao  Fran- 
cisco), Pernambuco,  Ceara,  Piauhy,  and  Maranhao. 

12:  Brazil,  Bahia  (Sao  Amaro  i);  Ceara  (Serra  Baturite  i,  Quix- 
ada  2,  Jua,  near  Iguatii  5) ;  Maranhao  (Barra  do  Corda  2,  Codo,  Cocos  i). 

*Fluvicola    climazura    atripennis   Sclater*.      BLACK-WINGED    WATER- 
TYRANT. 

Fluvicola  atripennis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  280,  1860 — Babahoyo,  Ecua- 
dor; TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  319,  325 — Pozo  de  Lambedero,  near  Lechu- 
gal,  Prov.  Tumbez,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  553 — 
Guayaquil  and  Chimbo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  206,  1884 — Tumbez, 
Lechugal,  Santa  Luzia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  37,  1888 — 
Babahoyo,  San  Lucas,  Ecuador;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  87 — Yaguachi;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  3,  1899 — Vinces  and  Balzar,  Ecuador  (crit.). 

Range :  Southwestern  Ecuador  (Prov.  Manabi  and  south)  and  adja- 
cent districts  of  the  Peruvian  Province  of  Tumbez. 

2:    Ecuador  (Quevedo  i,  Milagro  i). 

•  Fluvicola  climazura  atripennis  SCLATER,  in  spite  of  its  widely  separated  range, 
merely  differs  from  its  Brazilian  ally  by  deeper  black  wings  with  distinct  white  apical 
margins  to  the  inner  secondaries,  and  possibly  slightly  paler,  less  brownish  back. 
Its  presence  on  the  west  coast  presents  a  highly  interesting  zoogeographical  problem. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  85 

Genus  ARUNDINICOLA  D'Orbigny. 

Arundinicola  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  meiid.,  Ois.,  p.  334,  1839 — type  by  subs, 
desig.  (GRAY,  1841,  p.  40)  Pipra  leucocephala  LINNAEUS. 

*Arundinicola    leucocephala    (Linnaeus).      WHITE-HEADED    MARSH- 
TYRANT. 

Pipra  leucocephala  LINNAEUS,  Mus.  Ad.  Frid.,  2,  Prodr.,  p.  33,  1764 — locality  not 
indicated;  idem,  Syst.  Nat.,  i2th  ed.,  i,  p.  340,  1766 — Surinam. 

Muscicapa  dominicana  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  21,  pi.  29,  fig.  2  (=  d"),  pi.  30,  fig.  2 
(=9),  1825 — ''in  provincia  Parae"  (types  in  Munich  Museum  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Abhdl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  654,  1906  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  albiventer  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  21,  1825 — part,  "female"  (spec,  in 
Munich  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapa  leucocephala  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  822,  1831 — Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  Cabo  Frio,  Prov.  Rio. 

Alecturus  leucocephalus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  54,  1837 — Corrientes,  and  Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris  Mu- 
seum examined). 

Arundinicola  leucocephala  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  334,  1839 — 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  Corrientes,  Moxos  and  Chiquitos;  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk, 
Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  703,  1848 — coast  of  British  Guiana;  BURMEISTER, 
Syst.  tibers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  512,  1856 — Lake  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas 
Geraes ; LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  207,  1866 — Trinidad;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  p.  98,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sapitiba,  Cuyabd;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  252 — Plain  of 
Valencia,  Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  277 — Pebas;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk. 
Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  357 — Lagoa  Santa  (Minas),  Agoas  Pretas, 
near  Taubat6  (Sao  Paulo),  Taipii  (Rio  de  Janeiro) ;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — 
Lake  Paturia  and  Cienaga,  Colombia;  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  341 — Recife  and 
Caxanga  (Pernambuco),  Parahyba;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1881,  p.  437  (cranial 
characters);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  207,  1884 — Pebas;  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  291 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  122,  1888 
— Corrientes;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  37,  1888 — Bogota,  Valencia, 
Maruria,  Cayenne,  Bartica  Grove,  Pebas,  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  "Rio  Claro, 
(Goyaz),"  "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul"B;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7, 
p.  269,  1890 — Santarem  (nest  descr.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
2,  p.  85,  1889 — Reyes,  Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Corumba,  Matto 
Grosso;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  129 — Lower  Pilcomayo;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  37,  1894 — mouth  of  the  Cipero  River,  Trinidad; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  178,  1899 — Piquete  and  Iguap6,  Sao  Paulo; 
idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
15,  No.  378,  p.  6,  1900 — Carandasinho,  Matto  Grosso;  BERLEPSCH  and  HART- 
ERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  34,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Caicara,  Orinoco;  HELLMAYR, 
I.e.,  13,  p.  21,  1906 — Caroni,  Trinidad;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1906,  p.  668 — Isl.  Ita- 

"  Locality  erroneous  (see  Ihering,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  124, 
1899). 


86    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

parica,  Bahia;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  258,  1907 — Iguap£,  Piquete, 
Cachoeira,  Avanhandava,  Bebedouro,  Sao  Paulo;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
15,  p.  40,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  125,  1908 — 
Cayenne;  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  30,  1909 — Mexiana;  BEEBE, 
Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  95,  1909 — Guanoco,  Orinoco  delta;  REISER,  Denks. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  71,  1910 — Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife 
(Pernambuco),  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia),  littoral  of  Piauhy;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  317,  1910 — Corrientes,  Pilcomayo;  idem, 
I.e.,  23,  p.  328,  1912 — Villa  Rica  and  San  Rafael,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  Ibis, 
1911,  p.  in — Monte  Alto  (Paraguay),  Alto  Paraguay  (Bolivia);  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  129,  1912 — Cachou- 
eira,  Maraj6;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  203 — Buelta  Triste  and 
Boca  Uracoa,  Manimo  River,  Venezuela;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523, 
1913 — Lower  Amazon  and  Maraj6;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  379,  1914 — 
Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puni,  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Cus- 
sary;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Pirayu,  Paraguay;  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  217,  1916 — Orinoco  River  (nest  descr.); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  434,  1917 — Turbaco  and  Cala- 
mar,  Rio  Magdalena;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  p,p.  57,  1917 — Caceres, 
Matto  Grosso;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  74,  1918 — 
near  Paramaribo,  Surinam;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  140,  1921 — 
British  Guiana  (numerous  localities);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  387,  1922 — Fundaci6n,  Punto  Caiman,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Santa 
Marta  district;  PINTO-PEIXOTO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  272, 
1923 — Maraj6;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  187,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Corrien- 
tes; WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  310,  1926 — Riacho  Pilaga, 
Formosa  (habits). 

Range:  Trinidad;  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela; 
northern  Colombia  (lower  Magdalena  Valley;  Santa  Marta  district; 
"Bogota");  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Branco  south  to  Sao  Paulo  and  Matto 
Grosso;  eastern  Bolivia;  Paraguay,  and  northeastern  Argentina  (Cor- 
rientes). 

35:  Venezuela  (Encontrados,  Zulia  15,  Catatumbo  River,  Zulia  5; 
Lake  Valencia,  Aragua  2) ;  French  Guiana  (Cayenne  i) ;  British  Guiana 
(Georgetown  2,  unspecified  i);  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista, 
Rio  Branco  6;  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i,  Boa  Vista,  Maranhao  i;  Var- 
zea  Formosa,  Ceara  i). 

Genus  PYROCEPHALUS  Gould. 

Pyrocephalus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  44,  1839 — types 
"Pyrocephalus  parvirostris  GOULD  and  Muscicapa  coronata  (auct.)"  =  Muscicapa 
rubinus  BODDAERT. 

*Pyrocephalus  rubinus  rubinus  (Boddaerf).    SCARLET  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  rubinus  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  42,  1783 — based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  675,  fig.  2  and  Buffon's  "Le  Rubin,  de  la  riviere  des  Amazones." 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY~HELLMAYRV  87 

Muscicapa  coronata  (not  of  MULLER  1776)  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  932, 
1789 — based  on  the  same;  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  880,  1831 — 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (  =  male). 

Muscipeta  strigilata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  900,  1831 — Camamu, 
south  of  Bahia  (=  female). 

Pyrocephalus  parvirostris  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  44,  pi.  6, 
1839 — La  Plata;  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  456,  1861 — Parana. 

Muscipeta  coronata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — part,  Maldonado,  Buenos  Aires,  Corrientes,  Chiquitos  and 
Moxos  (Bolivia). 

Suiriri  coronata  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  meYid.,  Ois.,  p.  336,  1839 — part, 
Maldonado,  Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires,  Corrientes,  Chiquitos  (Bolivia). 

Pyrocephalus  coronatus  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Banda  Orien- 
tal and  Parana;  STERNBERG,  I.e.,  17,  p.  261,  1869 — Buenos  Aires  (nesting 
habits). 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  p.  113,  1854 — Quixos,  Ecua- 
dor; idem  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1866,  p.  189 — Upper  and  Lower  Ucayali,  Peru; 
idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1868, 
p.  142 — Conchitas;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  114,  1868 — part,  Ypanema, 
Cimeterio  [do  Lambari],  ItararS,  Jaguaraiba,  Rio  Parana,  Rio  das  Velhas, 
Corumbd,  Jos6  Diaz,  Taquaral  (Rio  dos  Piloens),  Cuyabd,  Engenho  do  Gama, 
and  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  HUDSON,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  808 — 
Buenos  Aires  (habits);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  281 — Ucayali  and 
Santa  Cruz,  Peru;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  178 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires; 
GIBSON,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  27 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires  (habits);  WHITE, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  607 — Monte  Grande,  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull. 
Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  201,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios  (nest  descr.);  DAL- 
GLEISH,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edinb.,  8,  p.  83,  1884 — Uruguay  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  307,  1884 — part,  Santa  Cruz,  Ucayali, 
Xeberos,  Pebas;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  280 — Paysandu;  BERLEPSCH  and 
IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  136,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  652,  1888 — Argentina 
(habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  211,  1888 — part,  spec,  a',  b', 
i'-w',  Pebas,  Rio  Ucayali,  "Branas,"  Bahia,  Rio,  Buenos  Aires,  La  Plata, 
Mendoza,  Rivadavia,  Punta  Lara;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  466 — Lomas  de 
Zamora,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  87, 
1889 — Reyes  and  Falls  of  the  Madeira,  Bolivia;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  235,  1889 — 
Bahia  (note  on  Wied's  type);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  302,  1889 — 
Yarina  Cocha,  Ucayali,  Peru;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci. 
Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  425;  1891,  p.  16; 
1892,  p.  200 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  KERR,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  130 — lower 
Pilcomayo;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  338,  1892 — Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso  (molt,  plumages,  measurements);  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  r8o — 
Montevideo  and  Santa  Elena,  Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
10,  No.  208,  p.  n,  1895 — Colonia  Risso  and  Porto  Pagani,  Paraguay,  and 
Corumbd,  Matto  Grosso;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  16,  1897 — Salta  and  Caiza 
(Bolivia);  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Urucum  and  Carandasinho, 
Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  127,  1899 — 


88    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mundo  Novo,  Barra  do  Rio  Camaquam,  and  Pedras  Brancas;  idem,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  202,  1899 — Iguape'  and  Cachoeira,  Sao  Paulo;  KERR,  Ibis, 
1901,  p.  226 — Villa  Concepcion,  Paraguay;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
8,  p.  187,  1902 — Rio  Sali  and  Malvinas,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc. 
soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — same  localities;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  455,  496 — 
Tolomosa  and  Tatarenda,  Bolivia;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255, 
1904 — Salta;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  221,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  435,  1905 — Rio  Jurud;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p. 
291,  1907 — Cachoeira,  Iguape",  Bebedouro,  Itapurd,  Franca,  Barretos,  Rio 
Feio  (Sao  Paulo),  and  Rio  Jurud;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  u,  1908 — 
Cachoeira,  Bom  Lugar,  and  Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus;  REISER,  Denks.  math, 
naturw.  EH.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  75,  1910 — Parnagua  and  Bandeira, 
Piauhy;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  593 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911, 
p.  121 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (plumages);  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto  Parana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  380, 
1914 — Rio  Xingii  (Victoria),  Rio  Iriri  (Sta.  Julia),  Rio  Curud,  "Monte 
Alegre,"  Rio  Purvis;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc..  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  58,  1917 — Ca- 
ceres  and  Pocon6,  Matto  Grosso;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  404 — Cape  San 
Antonio;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Mendoza;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e., 
2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  Florida,  Flores,  Colonia,  and  San 
Jose",  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  269,  1922 — Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  SERIE 
and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  50,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e., 
p.  72,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  169,  1923 — San  Isidro,  Buenos  Aires. 
Pyrocephalus  strigilatus  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
P-  332 — Lagoa  Santa,  Sete  Lagoas,  Aldea  de  Estives  (near  Uberaba),  and 
Paracatii,  Minas  Geraes  (crit.). 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  rubinus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  357,  1907 — Humay- 
tha,  Rio  Madeira;  I.e.,  15,  p.  52,  1908 — Goyaz,  Rio  Thesouras,  and  Rio 
Araguaya,  Goyaz;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  300,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira ;HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  202,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires  and  La 
Soledad,  Entrerios;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  343,  1900 
(range  in  Argentina);  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  329,  1912 — Villa  Rica,  Ytape\  and 
Ytape"-mini,  Paraguay;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  38,  1916 — Mendoza; 
HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  394,  1916 — La  Plata;  MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  79, 
1918 — Curuzu  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  238,  1919 — Isla  Martin 
Garcia;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  649,  1924 — Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  334,  1926 — Argentina 
and  Uruguay. 
Pyrocephalus  Pyrocephalus  rubinus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

p.  470,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  the  Amazon  south  to  Matto  Grosso  and  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  northern  Argentina,  south  to  the 
Rio  Negro;  eastern  Bolivia;  northeastern  Peru,  east  of  the  Eastern  Cor- 
dillera (plains  of  Huallaga  and  Ucayali  Rivers),  north  through  eastern 
Ecuador  (Prov.  Quixos)  to  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta) a. 

•  Birds  from  the  interior  of  Brazil,  Bolivia,  and  Argentina  appear  to  agree  with 
others  from  the  Peruvian  Amazon  which  we  may  regard  as  typical  rubinus. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Iquitos  i,  Yurimaguas  4.  Brazil:  Rio  Punis  i; 
Parnagua,  Piauhy  2;  Bahia  2;  Goyaz  i;  Villa  Bella  de  Matto  Grosso  3,  Cuyabd  2, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  89 

24:  Peru  (Yurimaguas  4);  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz 
3);  Brazil  (Chapada  5,  Urucum  de  Corumba  2,  Conceicao,  Matto 
Grosso  i);  Argentina  (Caraguatay,  Misiones  3);  Uruguay  6. 

^Pyrocephalus    rubinus    major    Pelzeln*.    GREATER    SCARLET    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Pyrocephalus  major  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  115,  footnote,  1868 — locality 
unknown  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1873,  p.  186 — Cosnipata,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  307,  1884 — 
part,  Cosnipata. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Cuzco  (Cosnipata  and 
Huiro,  Urubamba  Valley)  and  Puno  (Chaquimayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya). 

i:     Peru  (Huiro  i). 

^Pyrocephalus    rubinus    obscurus    Gould*.     PACIFIC    SCARLET    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Chapada  5,  Engenho  do  Gama  2,  Corumba  3;  Rio  das  Velhas,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Sao 
Paulo,  Rio  Parand  3,  Ypanema  2,  Lambari  i;  Jaguaraiba,  Parand  i.  Bolivia: 
Buenavista  3.  Argentina:  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  2;  Buenos  Aires  5;  Rio  Sali,  Tucu- 
man  2.  »  . 

a  Pyrocephalus  rubinus  major  PELZELN  :  Nearest  to  P.  r.  rubinus,  but  decidedly 
larger,  with  considerably  longer  tail  and  much  heavier  bill ;  upper  parts  darker,  more 
sooty,  though  not  black  as  in  P.  r.  saturatus;  similar  to  P.  r.  obscurus  (heterurus  phase) 
in  size  and  dark  upper  parts,  but  without  the  white  border  to  the  outer  web  of  the 
outermost  rectrix.  Wing  (three  adult  males)  78-82;  tail  61-63;  bill  14-15^. 

I  am  unable  to  unite  the  birds  from  southeastern  Peru  with  any  other  form  and 
propose  to  separate  them — provisionally  at  least — under  Pelzeln's  term.  The  type, 
an  adult  male  of  unknown  origin,  purchased  from  the  natural  history  dealer  Frank 
(Leipzig)  in  1842  (Vienna  Museum,  No.  19426)  agrees  with  the  Huiro  bird  in  Field 
Museum  and  another  male  from  Chaquimayo  (Munich  Museum,  No.  16.331)  with 
both  of  which  it  was  directly  compared.  In  its  large  bill  and  very  dark  sooty  upper 
plumage,  this  form  closely  approaches  certain  specimens  from  the  vicinity  of  Lima 
(in  the  "heterurus"  phase),  but  averages  even  larger  and  lacks  the  whitish  border  to 
the  outermost  rectrix.  The  female  is  unknown. 

b  Pyrocephalus  rubinus  obscurus  GOULD  :  In  normal  plumage,  the  male  differs 
from  P.  r.  rubinus  by  larger  size,  heavier  bill,  darker  sooty  upper  parts,  and  by  hav- 
ing the  outer  web  of  the  outermost  rectrix  conspicuously  margined  with  whitish. 
The  fuscous  brown  specimens  (of  both  sexes),  long  considered  as  specifically  different, 
certainly  constitute  but  a  melanistic  variant,  many  specimens  showing  more  or  less 
admixture  of  bright  scarlet  feathers  on  those  parts  which  are  red  in  the  adult  male  of 
the  normal  phase  (heterurus).  This  dusky  phase  is  only  known  to  occur  on  the 
Peruvian  west  coast  from  Lima  south  to  Arequipa  (Tambo  Valley). 

Specimens  (in  the  normal  phase)  from  Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  northwestern  Peru 
(Libertad,  Tumbez,  and  the  upper  Marafion  Valley)  are  somewhat  smaller  and 
average  lighter  above,  while  the  females  are  less  richly  colored  below. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  6;  Cali,  Cauca  3;  Medellin,  Antioquia  i ; 
Caldas  2.  Ecuador:  Ibarra  2,  Chillo  Valley  3,  Milagro  i.  Peru:  Tumbez  i;  Pacas- 
mayo  2;  Trujillo  2;  Menocucho  2;  Cajamarca  3;  Vina  (Huamachuco)  3;  Callao  i, 
Lima  9,  Vitarte  3,  Santa  Eulalia  6,  Chosica  3;  lea  5;  Islay  3,  Tambo  Valley  4.  Chile: 
Chacalluta,  Tacna  4. 


90    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pyrocephalus  obscurus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  45,  1839 — 
Lima,  Peru  (=melanistic  variety);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  99 
— near  Lima;  idem  and  SAL VIN,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  175 — Tambo  Valley,  Dept. 
Arequipa;  SAL  VIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3*3  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  215,  1888 — Lima,  Callao,  Tambo  Valley,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  381 — Lima  and  lea. 

Muscipeta  coronata  (not  of  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i, 
in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — part,  Lima  and  Arica. 

Suiriri  coronata  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  336,  1839 — part, 
Tacna,  Arica,  and  Lima. 

Myiarchus  coronatus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  273,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  155,  1846 — coast  region  of  Peru. 

Myiarchus  atropurpureus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  273,  1844 — Peru 
(=melanistic  variety);  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  156,  1846 — coast  region  of 
Peru. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149, 
1855 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  1866,  p.  99 — Lima;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1867,  p.  987 — Catarindos  Valley,  coast  of  Arequipa;  idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  175 — 
Tambo  Valley;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  538 — Lima;  idem,  I.e.,  1877,  p. 
326 — Tumbez;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  332 — Palmal;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  752 — Tumbez  (nest 
and  egg  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  235 — Pacasmayo;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1879,  p.  515 — Medellin,  Colombia  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Callacate;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  424 — Payta  and 
Callao;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  p.  558 — Guayaquil  and  Chimbo; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  307,  1884 — part,  Chimbote,  Pacasmayo, 
Tumbez,  Guajango,  Callacate,  Paucal,  Cajamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  211,  1888 — part,  spec,  o-x,  z,  c'-h',  Choc6  Bay,  Pallatanga,  Chillo 
Valley,  Guayaquil,  Babahoyo,  Puna  Isl.,  Intac,  Santa  Rita,  Catarindos 
Valley,  Islay,  Tambo  Valley,  and  Payta;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  12,  1895 — 
Malca  (Cajamarca),  Vina  and  Succha  (Huamachuco) ;  SCHALOW,  Zool. 
Jahrl.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  712,  1898 — Capillao,  Chile;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1899,  p.  306 — Ambalema,  Colombia;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  12,  1899 — Ibarra,  La  Concepcion,  Tumbaco, 
Guayaquil,  Vinces,  and  Balzar,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  706 — 
Popayan  (Colombia),  Ibarra  and  Chillo  Valley,  near  Quito,  Ecuador;  MENE- 
GAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"og.  Mes.  Arc  Me'rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  657,  1911 — Tumbaco 
and  Santo  Domingo;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74, 
1922 — Cumbaya  and  Zambiza,  Ecuador. 

Pyrocephalus  nanus  (not  of  GOULD)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — 
Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  282,  1860 — Babahoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  295,  1860 — 
Esmeraldas;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  9,  p.  236,  1870 — Puna  Island. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  coronatus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  310,  1884 — Lima» 
Tacna,  Arica. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  obscurus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  311,  1884 — Lima 
(crit.). 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  heterurus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892, 
p.  381 — Lima  (type)  and  lea;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  488,  1898 — Ibarra, 


IQ27-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  91 

Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  470,  1917 — Tumaco, 
Caldas,  San  Antonio,  Cali,  La  Manuelita,  Miraflores,  Popayan,  below  Anda- 
lucia,  Chicoral,  Honda,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — 
Paita,  Sullana,  Huancabamba,  and  Bellavista,  Peru. 

Range:  Colombia  west  of  the  Eastern  Andes  (except  Santa  Marta 
region);  western  Ecuador;  western  Peru  (Pacific  Coast  and  upper  Mar- 
anon  Valley);  extreme  northern  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna). 

32:  Colombia  (Cali  i,  Caldas  2,  Medellin  i,  Bogota  3);  Ecuador 
(Milagro  i);  Peru  (Cajamarca  i,  Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  west  of 
Balsas  i,  Pacasmayo  2,  Trujillo  2,  Menocucho  2,  Vitarte  3,  Santa 
Eulalia  6,  Chosica  3);  Chile  (Chacalluta,  Prov.  Tacna  4). 

*Pyrocephalus  rubinus   saturates    Berlepsch   and    Hartert*.     BLACK- 
BACKED  SCAHLET  FLYCATCHER. 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  saturatus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  34, 
1902 — Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  p.  217,  1916 — Orinoco  region  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  TODD  and  CAR- 
RIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  355,  1922 — Dibulla  and  Rio  Hacha,  Santa 
Marta  region. 

Myiarchus  coronatus  (not  Muscicapa  coronata  GMELIN)  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen 
Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  700,  1848 — Savannah  of  British  Guiana  =  Pirara  (see  I.e., 
i.  P-  394.  1847). 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  114,  1868 — 
part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1869,  p.  250 — Plain  of  Valencia,  Venezuela;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Ibis,  1879,  p.  202 — Valle  Dupar;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  -125 — Valencia;  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1885,  p.  297 — British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  211, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-f,  k-m,  British  Guiana,  Valle  Dupar,  Valencia,  Venezuela, 
"Trinidad." 

Pyrocephalus  saturatus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  219,  1921 — Upper  Takutu 
Mountains  and  Annai;  DELACOUR,  Ibis,  1923,  p.  147 — Llanos  of  Guarico  and 
Apure,  Venezuela. 

Range:  British  Guiana  and  adjacent  parts  of  northern  Brazil  (Rio 
Branco) ;  Venezuela,  south  to  the  Orinoco  basin ;  and  northern  Colom- 
bia (Santa  Marta  region)6. 

24:  Brazil  (Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  5,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista 
i) ;  British  Guiana  (Annai  2) ;  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  1 1 ;  Mara- 

•  Pyrocephalus  rubinus  saturatus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Easily  distinguished 
from  the  other  continental  races  by  markedly  smaller  size  and  the  much  darker, 
sooty  black  upper  parts  of  the  adult  male.  Wing  (male)  69-73;  tail  52-57. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  Branco  12.  British  Guiana:  Annai  3.  Vene- 
zuela: vicinity  of  Cumana  10;  Maracay,  Aragua  10;  Puerto  Cabello  i ;  Maracaibo  4; 
Encontrados  i;  Altagracia,  Orinoco  River  10;  Suapure  i,  La  Pricion,  Caura  2. 
Colombia:  Valle  de  Upar  i,  Valencia  3. 

b  There  is  no  authentic  record  for  its  occurrence  in  Trinidad. 


92     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

caibo  2 ;  Rio  Aurare,  ten  miles  east  of  Altagracia,  Zulia  2 ;  Encontrados, 
Zulia  i). 

*Pyrocephalus  rubinus  mexicanus  Sclater.    VERMILION  FLYCATCHER. 

Pyrocephalus  mexicanus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  45,  1859 — Mexico; 
BAIRD,  BREWER,  and  RIDGWAY,  Hist.  N.  Amer.  Birds,  3,  p.  520,  1874 — near 
Tucson,  Arizona  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  213,  1888 — 
part,  southern  California  and  Mexico. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  var.  mexicanus  BAIRD,  BREWER,  and  RIDGWAY,  Hist.  N. 
Amer.  Birds,  2,  p.  387,  pi.  44,  fig.  5,  1874 — part,  valley  of  Rio  Grande  and 
Gila,  Arizona,  Mexico. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  60, 
1889 — part,  southwestern  United  States  to  Mexico  (excl.  Yucatan  and  Cozu- 
mel  Island). 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  mexicanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  475i  I9°7 — part,  only  United  States  and  Mexican  (excl.  Yucatan)  refer- 
ences and  localities;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  78,  1911 — Matamoros,  San  Fer- 
nando, and  Altamira,  Tamaulipas;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  43, 
1914 — Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  93,  1915 — California. 

Range :  Southwestern  United  States  (in  southern  Texas,  New  Mex- 
ico, southwestern  Utah,  Arizona,  and  southern  California),  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, and  the  whole  of  Mexico,  excluding  Yucatan  Peninsula. 

78:  Texas  (Brownsville  i,  Corpus  Christi  i);  New  Mexico  (Rin- 
con  i);  California  (Riverside  i);  Arizona  (Phoenix  5,  Tucson  3,  Fort 
Thomas  i,  Fort  Lowell  i,  Fairbank  3,  Fort  Verde  2,  Fort  Huachuca  2, 
Huachuca  Mountains  i,  Huachuca  Plains  i,  Gardner  Ranch,  Santa 
Rita  Mountains  i,  Calabasas  31);  Mexico  (Tampico,  Tamaulipas  i; 
Sabinas,  Coahuila  2 ;  Sonora  i ;  Escuinapa,  Sinaloa  2 ;  Iguala,  Guerrero 
15;  City  of  Mexico  i;  unspecified  i). 

^Pyrocephalus  rubinus  blatteus  Bangs*.    SOUTHERN  VERMILION  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  blatteus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  24,  p.  189,  1911 — 
Sabune  district,  British  Honduras;  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Camp 
Mengel  and  Xcopen,  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

Pyrocephalus  rubineus  var.  mexicanus  BAIRD,  BREWER,  and  RIDGWAY,  Hist.  N. 
Amer.  Birds,  2,  p.  387,  1874 — part,  Honduras  and  Yucatan. 

Pyrocephalus  mexicanus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  213,  1888 — part, 
Yucatan,  Belize,  and  Guatemala. 

*  Pyrocephalus  rubinus  blatteus  BANGS:  Similar  to  P.  r.  mexicanus,  but  bill 
decidedly  broader;  male  with  pileum  and  under  parts  more  crimson,  less  orange, 
about  geranium  red. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  93 

Pyrocephalus  ruUneus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  60,  1889 — part,  Yucatan,  Cozumel  Island,  British  Hon- 
duras, and  Guatemala. 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  mexicanus  (not  of  SCLATER)  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  4,  p.  475,  1907 — part,  Yucatan,  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  and 
Honduras  references  and  localities. 

Range :    Southern  Mexico  (Terre  Quintana  Roo,  Yucatan,  and  Cozu- 
mel Island) ;  Guatemala ;  British  Honduras,  and  Honduras. 

20:    Yucatan  (Rio  Lagartos  14,  San  Felipe  i,  Uxmal  i,  Ticul  i, 
Buenavista  i,  Cozumel  Island  i);  British  Honduras  (Belize  River  i). 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  nanus   Gould.     GALAPAGOS   VERMILION   FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Pyrocephalus  nanus  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  45,  pi.  7,  1839 — 
Galapagos  Archipelago;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  214,  1888 — part, 
Indefatigable,  Charles,  and  Bindloe  Islands;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
IQ»  P-  572,  1896 — James  Island  (full  description);  ROTHSCHILD  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  6,  p.  172,  1899 — James,  Indefatigable,  Albemarle,  Duncan,  Jervis, 
Charles,  Abingdon,  and  Bindloe  Islands  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  403,  1902 — 
Barrington  and  Albemarle  Islands;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part 
4,  p.  478,  1907 — Galapagos  Archipelago  (monog.). 

Pyrocephalus  carolensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  17,  p.  365,  Nov.  1894 — 
Charles  Island;  idem,  I.e.,  19,  p.  576,  1896 — Charles  Island  (monog.). 

Pyrocephalus  intercedens  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  17,  p.  366,  Nov.  1894 — ' 
Indefatigable  Island;  idem,  I.e.,  19,  p.  575,  1896 — Albemarle  and  Indefatigable 
Islands  (monog.). 

Pyrocephalus  abingdoni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  17,  p.  367,  Nov.  1894 — 
Abingdon  Island;  idem,  I.e.,  19,  p.  578,  1896 — Abingdon  and  Bindloe  Islands 
(monog.). 

Pyrocephalus  nanus  nanus  SNODGRASS  and  HELLER,  Proc.  Wash.  Ac.  Sci.,  5,  p. 
270,  1904 — Charles,  Indefatigable,  Duncan,  Jervis,  James,  Albemarle,  and 
Narborough  Islands  (crit.,  measurements). 

Pyrocephalus  nanus  abingdoni  SNODGRASS  and  HELLER,  Proc.  Wash.  Ac.  Sci.,  5, 
p.  271,  1904 — Abingdon  and  Bindloe  Islands  (crit.,  measurements). 

Range:    Galapagos  Archipelago  (Albemarle,  Narborough,  Charles, 
James,  Jervis,  Abingdon,  Bindloe,  Duncan,  and  Barrington  Islands). 

Pyrocephalus  rubinus  dubius  Gould.    PYGMY  VERMILION  FLYCATCHER. 

Pyrocephalus  dubius  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  46,  1839 — 
Galapagos  Archipelago  =  Chatham  Island;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
J9»  P-  579,  1896 — Chatham  Island  (monog.);  ROTHSCHILD  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  6,  p.  173,  1899 — Chatham  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  403,  1902 — 
Chatham  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  SNODGRASS  and  HELLER,  Proc.  Wash.  Ac. 


94    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sci.,  5,  p.  272,  1904 — Chatham  (crit.,  measurements);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  480,  1907 — Chatham  (monog.). 
Pyrocephalus  nanus  (not  of  GOULD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  214,  1888 

— part,  spec,  e,  type  of  P.  dubius  GOULD. 
Pyrocephalus  minimus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.   113,   1890 — 

Chatham  Island. 
Range:     Galapagos  Archipelago  (Chatham  Island). 

Genus  OCHTHORNIS  Sclater. 

Ochthornis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  31,  1888 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Elainea  littoralis  PELZELN. 

^Ochthornis  littoralis  (Pelzeln).    NATTERER'S  WATER-TYRANT. 

Elainea  littoral-is  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  180,  Sept.  1868 — Cachoeira 
Guajara-guacu,  Rio  Mamor6;  Cachoeira  da  Bananeira  and  Borba,  Rio  Ma- 
deira (types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Ochthoeca  murina  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.  for  Dec.  1871,  p.  749,  1872 — Oyapock, 
French  Guiana;  idem,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  214 — Corentyn  River,  British  Guiana. 

Ochthornis  littoralis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  31,  1888 — Oyapoc,  British 
Guiana,  Iquitos,  Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Rio  Javarri;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  35,  1902 — Bichaco  (Orinoco  River),  Suapure,  La  Pricion, 
Nicare  (Caura  River),  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Cat.  F.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  257,  1907  (range);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Bom  Lugar, 
Rio  Puriis;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  125,  1908 — Oyapock;  HELLMAYR, 
I.e.,  17,  p.  284,  1910 — Allianca  and  Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Orn.,  61,  p.  523,  1913 — Lower  Amazonia;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  380,  1914 — Rio  Jamauchim  and  Bom  Lugar  (Rio  Purus);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  218,  1916 — Bichaco,  R.  Orinoco,  and  Caura 
Valley;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  431,  1917 — La  Morelia, 
Colombia;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  42,  1920 — Yahuar- 
mayo,  Carabaya,  Peru;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  136,  1921 — Ourumee, 
Brit.  Guiana. 

Ochthornis  murina  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — Falls 
of  the  Madeira,  Bolivia. 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco- 
Caura  region) ;  northern  Brazil,  from  the  Xingu  westwards ;  southeast- 
ern Colombia  (Caquetd  region),  south  through  eastern  Ecuador  and 
Peru  to  northern  Bolivia8. 

4:    Brazil  (Conceicao,  Rio  Branco  i);  Peru  (Yurimaguas  3). 

Genus  MUSCIGRALLA  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbignyb. 

Muscigralla  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  61,  1837 — type  Muscigralla  brevicauda  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

•  Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Bichaco  i,  Suapure  3,  Nicare  i,  La  Union  i, 
La  Pricion  2.  Brazil:  Rio  Madeira  5.  Peru:  Yurimaguas  3,  Yahuarmayo  i. 

b  A  genus  of  doubtful  affinity,  possibly  not  belonging  to  this  family. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  95 

Ochthites  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  277,  1844 — new  name  for  Muscigralla 
LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Muscigralla  brevicauda   Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny.      SHORT-TAILED 

GROUND-TYRANT. 

Muscigralla  brevicauda  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  61,  1837 — Tacna,  "Peru"  =Chile  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined) ; 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  354,  pi.  39,  fig.  i,  1847 — Tacna; 
DBS  MURS  in  Gay,  Hist.  pol.  fis.  Chile,  Zool.,  i,  p.  338,  1847 — Tacna;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  281,  1860 — Babahoyo,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  326 — • 
Chile;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  534 — Lima  (egg  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1877, 
p.  325 — Tumbez;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  223,  1884 — Lima,  Guadalupa,  Tum- 
bez,  Tacnaa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  63,  1888 — Lima,  Puna  Isl., 
Babahoyo,  Guayaquil;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892, 
P-  379 — Lima,  Yea;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  4,  1899 — Balzar  and  Puntilla  de  Santa  Elena,  Ecuador;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  324,  1925 — Tacna  (crit.). 

Ochthites  brevicauda  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  277,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  168,  1846 — "forest  region"  of  Peru  (errore). 

Range :  Arid  littoral  of  the  Pacific  coast  from  northern  Chile  (Prov. 
Tacna)  through  western  Peru  north  to  Province  of  Guay  as,  south  western 
Ecuador. 

ii :    Peru  (Vitarte,  near  Lima  4,  Trujillo  3,  Pacasmayo  4). 

Genus  TUMBEZIA  Chapman^. 

Tumbezia  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  205,  p.  i,  1925 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Ochthoeca  salvini  TACZANOWSKI. 

Tumbezia  salvini  (Taczanowski).    SALVIN'S  CHAT-TYRANT. 

Ochthoeca  salvini  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  324 — Tumbez  (two  of  the 

typical  specimens  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  752 — Tumbez;  idem,  Orn.  PeY., 

2,  p.  200,  1884 — Tumbez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  25,  1888 — 

Tumbez. 
Tumbezia  salvini  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  55,  p.  476,  1926 — Tumbez, 

Lamor  (Piura),  Virii  (Libertad). 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  northwestern  Peru  (depts.  Tumbez,  Piura, 
and  Libertad). 

•  "Tinta"  is  included,  no  doubt,  by  mistake,  among  the  localities  given  for  this 
species. 

b  Genus  Tumbezia  CHAPMAN. 

Not  unlike  Satrapa  STRICKLAND  in  shape  of  bill,  inconspicuous  rictal  bristles, 
long  tail,  and  type  of  coloration;  but  tarsus  much  longer;  wing  more  pointed  with  the 
third,  fourth,  and  fifth  primary  of  nearly  equal  length;  tail  slightly  rounded  instead 
of  distinctly  emarginate. 

This  peculiar  bird  has  no  near  relationship  to  any  other  genus,  though  its  ex- 
tremely long  tarsi  somewhat  recall  Muscigralla  whose  affinities  are  likewise  uncertain. 


96    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  SATRAPA  Strickland. 

Satrapa  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  414,  1844 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Muscicapa  icterophrys  VIEILLOT. 

Sisopygis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  46,  1859 — type  by  monotypy 
Muscicapa  icterophrys  VIEILLOT. 

*Satrapa  icterophrys  (  Vieillot}.    YELLOW-BROWED  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  icterophrys  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  21,  p.  458, 
1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  183,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  chrysochloris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  793,  1831 — Rio 
Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Sisopygis  hellmayri  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  29,  p.  63,  1907 — Tapacari,  Dept. 
Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (type  examined  ;=juv.). 

Fluvicola  icterophrys  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  59,  1837 — Chuquisaca  and  Chiquitos  (Bolivia),  Montevideo  and 
Corrientes  (spec,  examined);  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  53,  1839 — Monte- 
video and  Maldonado,  Uruguay. 

Suiriri  icterophrys  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  338,  1839 — 
Montevideo,  Buenos  Aires,  Corrientes,  Chuquisaca  and  Sicasica;  STRICKLAND, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  414,  pi.  12,  1844 — Buenos  Aires. 

Taenioptera  icterophrys  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  518,  1856 — 
Novo  Friburgo  and  Lagoa  Santa;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Tucu- 
man  and  Parana;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  460,  1861 — Montevideo, 
Buenos  Aires,  Parana;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  360 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252, 
Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes. 

Sisopygis  icterophrys  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  46,  1859 — Rio 
Grande;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  98,  1868 — Ypanema,  Curytiba,  Cuyaba; 
idem,  Nunquam  Otios.,  2,  p.  291,  1874 — Novo  Friburgo;  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
YIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  141 — Conchitas;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  159; 
1877,  p.  176 — Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  419 — Vipos,  Tucuman;  GIB- 
SON, I.e.,  1880,  p.  29 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  604 — Flores  and  Punta  Lara,  Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  141,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios  (nest  and  eggs);  BERLEPSCH 
and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  128,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  125,  1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  41,  1888 — Bahia,  Pelotas,  Bolivia,  Punta  Lara, 
Conchitas,  Uruguay;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — Lomas  de  Zamora, 
Buenos  Aires;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  227,  1889 — Rio 
Belmonte  (note  on  Wied's  types) ;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac. 
Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The 
Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  129 — 
Fortin  Page,  Rio  Pilcomayo;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  P-  *77 — Santa  Elena,  Uru- 
guay; KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  9,  1895 — San  Jos6,  Para- 
guari,  and  Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  12,  1897 — 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  97 

Salta;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  180,  1899 — Ypiranga  and  Piquete, 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo;  idem, 
Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — [Taquara  do]  Mundo 
Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  (?)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  35, 
1902 — Altagracia,  Venezuela;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  183, 
1902 — Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Tucuman; 
BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  219,  1904 — Criolla,  Tucuman;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
i,  p.  260,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Piracicaba,  Pirissununga,  Bebedouro,  Piquete, 
Jaboticabal  (Sao  Paulo),  Vargem  Alegre  and  Marianna  (Minas  Geraes), 
Espirito  Santo;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  i<5,  p.  191,  1909 — La 
Soledad  (Entrerios),  Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  318,  1910 — Argentina;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  71,  1910 — Cabulg  and  Santa  Rita,  Rio  Preto 
(Bahia),  S.  Martin,  Rio  Parnahyba  (Piauhy);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  574 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  112 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Buenos 
Aires  (descr.  juv.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  330,  1912 — 
Paso  Yuvay,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  218,  1916 — Altagracia,  Vene- 
zuela; HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  393,  1916 — La  Plata;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  399 — 
Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  79,  1918 — 
Curuzu  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  236,  1919 — Isla  Martin  Garcia; 
TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  Florida,  San  Jose", 
Colonia,  Uruguay; SERiEand  SMYTH, I.e., 3,p.49, 1922 — SantaElena,  Entrerios; 
GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  168, 
1923 — Zelaya  and  San  Isidro,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr. 
Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  645,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  309,  1926 — Lavalle,  Buenos  Aires,  and  Tapia,  Tucuman. 
Satrapa  icterophrys  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  322,  1925 — Buenos  Aires, 
Corrientes,  Montevideo,  Chiquitos,  and  Chuquisaca  (crit.). 

Range :  Argentina,  from  Salta,  Tucuman,  and  La  Rioja  east  to  Cor- 
rientes and  Entrerios,  south  to  Buenos  Aires;  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  Bra- 
zil, from  Piauhy  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Bolivia  (Chiquitos;  Chu- 
quisaca; Tapacari,  Dept.  Cochabamba8) ;  (?)  Venezuela  (Altagracia,  Rio 
Orinoco15). 

ii :  Brazil  (Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  i);  Bolivia  (Buenavista  2);  Argen- 
tina (Quilmes,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  2;  Concepcion,  Prov.  Tucuman  6). 

Genus  MACHETORNIS  Gray. 

Chrysolophus  (not  of  GRAY  1834)  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  225,  July  1837 — 
type  by  monotypy  Tyrannus  ambulans  SWAINSON  =  Tyrannus  rixosus  VIEIL- 

LOT. 

»  Adult  birds  from  Bolivia  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  a  series  of  Brazilian  and 
Argentine  skins.  The  characters  given  for  5.  hellmayri  are  those  of  the  juvenile 
plumage.  Twenty-six  specimens  from  Argentina  (6),  Brazil  (15),  and  Bolivia  (5) 
examined. 

b  A  single  female  in  the  Tring  Museum  is  somewhat  smaller  and  much  paler 
beneath  than  any  other  specimen  examined.  Additional  material  will  no  doubt  lead 
to  the  segregation  of  a  Venezuelan  race. 


98    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Machetornis  GRAY,  List  Gen.  Birds,  and  ed.,  p.  41,  1841 — new  name  for  Chrysolo- 
phus  SWAINSON. 

*Machetornis  rixosa  rixosa  (  Vieillof).    FIRE-CROWNED  TYRANT. 

Tyrannus  rixosus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  35,  p.  85,  1819 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  197,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  joazeiro  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  17,  pi.  23,  1825 — Joazeiro,  Rio  Sao 
Francisco,  Bahia  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Tyrannus  ambulans  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst., 
20,  No.  40,  p.  279,  Jan.  1826 — Pernambuco. 

Muscicapa  miles  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  850,  1831 — Nazareth  das 
Farinhas,  Rio  Jagoaripa,  south  of  Bahia  (City). 

Pepoaza  rixosa  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  62,  1837 — Corrientes  and  Moxos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  350,  1839 — Buenos  Aires,  Corrientes,  and 
Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz,  Chiquitos,  Moxos). 

Machetornis  rixosa  (us)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tlbers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  514,  1856 — 
Brazil;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Parana;  idem,  Reise  La  Plata 
St.,  2,  p.  458,  1861 — Parana  (egg  descr.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100, 
1868 — Cuyaba  and  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto  Grosso,  Matto  Grosso;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  142 — Conchitas;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk, 
Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  352 — not  found  in  Minas  Geraes;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  258,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  DOER- 
ING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes; 
DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  159;  I.e.,  1877,  p.  177 — Buenos  Aires;  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1880,  p.  357 — Salta;  FORBES,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  341 — Recife  and  Cabo,  Pernam- 
buco; WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  604 — Flores  and  Salto,  Buenos  Aires; 
BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  142,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios; 
HOLMBERG,  Act.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  5,  p.  79,  1884 — Arroyo  Tandileufu, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  279 — Paysandti,  Uruguay;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  129,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12,  1887 — Lambare',  Paraguay; 
SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  131,  1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  52,  1888 — Bahia,  Conchitas,  Paraguay,  Salta, 
Bolivia  (range  part,  excl.  Venezuela);  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — 
Lomas  de  Zamora,  Buenos  Aires;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 
p.  228,  1889 — note  on  Wied's  type;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  85,  1889 — "  Yungas,"  Bolivia; 
STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — 
Cordoba;  KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  130 — Lower  Pilcomayo;  HOLLAND,  I.e.,  1891, 
p.  16;  1892,  p.  199 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  p.  178 — 
Uruguay;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La 
Rioja;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — Villa 
Rica  and  Puerto  Pagani  (Paraguay),  and  Salta;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292, 
p.  12,  1897 — San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — Mundo  Novo  and  Pedras  Brancas;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  225 — Paraguayan  Chaco;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  139, 
1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  269,  1902 — 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  99 

Iguape",  Sao  Paulo;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  184,  1902 — Tucu- 
man; idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Tucuman;  LONNBERG, 
Ibis,  1903,  p.  469 — Tatarenda,  Bolivian  Chaco;  NICOLL,  I.e.,  1904,  p.  40 — 
Bahia;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Santa  Ana  and  Tapia,  Tucuman; 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  648,  1906 — note 
on  Spix's  type;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  262,  1907 — Iguape1  and  Bahia; 
HARTERTand  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  194,  1909 — Barracasal  Sud  (Buenos 
Aires),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  Tucuman;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  71,  1910 — Pao  de  Canoa  and  Santa  Rita,  Rio 
Preto,  Bahia,  and  Santa  Philomena,  Piauhy;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  320,  1910 — range  in  Argentina;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  576 — 
Sapucay  and  Ybitimi,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  114 — Los  Ynglases, 
Luiconia  (Aj6,  Buenos  Aires),  Villa  Franca,  Monte  Alto,  and  Colonia  Risso 
(Paraguay),  near  Goya  (Corrientes) ;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  54,  1914 — 
Puerto  Bertoni;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  400 — Cape  San  Antonio  (breeding 
habits);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  10,  p.  318,  1918 — Villa  Lutetia, 
San  Ignacio,  Misiones;  MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  225,  1919 — food;  TREMO- 
LERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  20,  1920 — Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1922 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  168, 
1923 — Zelaya,  Buenos  Aires. 

Machetornis  rixosa(us)  rixosa(us)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  330, 
1912 — Mburero,  Paraguay;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  393,  1916 — La  Plata; 
DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  x,  p.  141,  1918  (nesting  habits);  MARELLI,  I.e.,  p.  79, 
1918 — Curuzu  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  idem,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  646,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  326,  1925 — 
Corrientes  and  Moxos  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  305, 
1926 — Argentina,  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay  (habits). 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao  and  Piauhy  south  to  Matto  Grosso 
and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul ;  Uruguay ;  Paraguay ;  northern  Argentina,  from 
the  northern  boundary  line  south  to  Cordoba  and  Buenos  Aires;  eastern 
Bolivia  (Moxos,  Chiquitos,  Santa  Cruz)8. 

13:  Brazil  (Cod6,  Maranhao  i;  Sao  Francisco,  Maranhao  2 ;  Arara, 
Piauhy  i ;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  i ;  Urucum  de  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  3) ; 
Argentina  (El  Carrizal,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  2 ;  Los  Vasquez,  Tucuman  i) ; 
Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i);  Uruguay  (Treinta y Tres  i). 

^Machetornis  rixosa  flavigularis   Toddb.     NORTHERN  FIRE-CROWNED 
TYRANT. 

•  Twenty-nine  specimens  from  Argentina,  Paraguay,  Brazil,  and  Bolivia  exam- 
ined. Some  of  those  from  Piauhy  closely  approach  M .  r.  flavigularis. 

b  Machetornis  rixosa  flavigularis  TODD:  Very  similar  to  M.  r.  rixosa,  but  throat 
yellow  like  the  breast  (not  whitish  or  creamy  white)  and  belly  generally  of  a  deeper 
yellow. 

In  addition  to  the  specimens  listed  above,  I  have  examined  an  adult  male  from 
Rio  Mame"ra,  near  Caracas,  a  "Bogota"  skin  and  a  series  from  the  Orinoco  Valley. 


ioo  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Machetornis  rixosa  flavigularis  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  8,  p.  210,  1912 — 
Tocuyo,  State  of  Lara,  Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  219,  1916 — Orinoco  River;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  432,  1917 — La  Playa,  lower  Magdalena,  and  Villavicencio,  Colombia; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  387,  1922 — Bonda,  Mama- 
toco,  Don  Diego,  Fundaci6n,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Dibulla,  Punta  Caiman, 
and  Rio  Hacha,  Colombia. 

Machetornis  rixosa  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  85 — Venezuela; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Caracas;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  52,  1888 — part,  Venezuela;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  151,  1900 — Cacagualito,  Santa  Marta;  BERLEPSCH  and 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  36,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio 
Orinoco. 
Machetornis  flavigularis  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  203,  1913 — • 

Cano  Corosal,  Orinoco  delta. 

Range:  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley;  north  coast  from  Caracas  west 
to  the  shores  of  Lake  Maracaibo)  and  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta 
district;  lower  Magdalena;  Villavicencio,  at  base  of  eastern  Andes). 

13:  Venezuela  (Caracas  i;  Maracay,  Aragua  2;  Encontrados,  Zulia 
7:  Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  3). 

Subfamily  TYRANNINAE. 

Genus  MUSCIVORA  Lac6pede. 

Muscivora  LACEPEDE,  Tabl.  Ois.,  p.  5,  1799 — type  by  subs,  desig.   (FISCHER, 

Zoognosia,  x,  p.  54,  1813)  Muscicapa  forficata  GMELIN". 
Milvulus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  165,  1827 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Tyrannus 

savana  VIEILLOT  =  Muscicapa  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 
Despotes  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  66,  1850 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY, 

1855)  Muscicapa  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

^Muscivora  forficata  (Gmelin).    SCISSOR-TAILED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  forficata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  931,  1789 — based  on  "Gobe- 

mouche  £  queue  fourchue,  du  Mexique"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  677. 
Ty[rannus\?  mexicanus  STEPHENS,  in  Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.,  13  (2),  p.  134,  1826 — 

new  name  for  Muscicapa  forficata  GMELIN. 
Milvulus  forficatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  279,  1888 — Texas,  Mexico 

to  Costa  Rica. 
Muscivora  forficata  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  715,  1907 

(monog.,  full  synonymy);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  686,  1910 — 

Costa  Rica;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  107,  1907 — 

Patulul,  San  Jos6,  and  Lake  Atitlan,  Guatemala. 

Range :    Breeding  from  southern  Kansas  to  southern  Texas,  casually 
to  southwestern  Missouri,  western  Arkansas,  and  western  Louisiana; 
wintering  from  southern  Mexico  to  Panama. 
»  See  Oberholser,  Auk,  18,  p.  193,  1901. 


IQ27-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  101 

28 :  Texas  (Corpus  Christ!  10,  Cameron  Co.,  Rio  Grande  i,  San 
Antonio  i,  Fort  Worth  2,  Gainesville  i);  Oklahoma  (Kingfisher  Co.  2); 
Tamaulipas  (Tampico  i) ;  Vera  Cruz  (Pueblo  Viejo  4) ;  Guatemala  (Tec- 
pain  2,  Lake  Atitlan  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  2,  San 
Raphael  del  Norte  i). 

*Muscivora  tyrannus  (Linnaeus).    SWALLOW-TAILED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  tyrannus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i2th  ed.,  i,  p.  325,  1766 — based  on 
Tyrannus  cauda  bifurca  BRISSON,  Orn.,  2,  p.  395,  pi.  39,  fig.  3,  "Canada" 
(errore)  and  Cayenne. 

Tyrannus  savana  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Ois.  Amer.  Sept.,  i,  p.  72,  pi.  43,  1807  (?) — new 
name  for  Muscicapa  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

Muscicapa  pJiaenoleucaViEH.^O'T,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,nouv.  6d.,  21,  p.  448, 18 18 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  192,  Paraguay  (=juv.). 

Tyrannus  violentus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  35,  p.  89,  1819 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  190,  Buenos  Aires,  Montevideo,  and  Paraguay;  BUR- 
MEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  467,  1856 — Brazil  (habits;  nest  and 
eggs  descr.). 

Tyrannus  milvulus  NUTTALL,  Man.  Orn.  U.  S.  and  Canada,  2nd.  ed.f  p.  307, 
1840 — new  name  for  Muscicapa  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

Tyrannus  (Milvulus)  monachus  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  214,  1844 — Guate- 
mala; LAFRESNAYE,  I.e.,  p.  324,  1844  (crit.;=juv.). 

Milvulus  violentus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  118,  1868 — Oudaria,  Taipa,  Ypa- 
nema,  Curytiba,  Castro,  Irisanga,  Marabitanas,  Brazil  (juv.  descr.). 

Milvulus  tyrannus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  332,  1884 — Pebas,  Peru; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  277,  1888 — Mexico  to  Buenos  Aires; 
CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  246,  1909 — Margarita  Island. 

Muscivora  tyrannus  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  276,  1905 — 
Grenada  and  Carriacou;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  718, 
1907  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  296, 
1907 — Ypiranga  and  Jundiahy  (Sao  Paulo),  Rio  Jurua,  and  Santarem; 
FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  269,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa 
Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  685,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  349,  1910  (range  in  Argentina); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  380,  1914 — Para,  Capanema,  Quatipuni, 
Rio  Tapaj6z  (Pinhel),  Maraj6  (Sao  Natal,  Tuyuyu),  Mexiana,  Monte  Alegre, 
Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  479, 
1916 — Turbaco,  Caldas,  Cali,  La  Manuelita,  Barro  Blanco,  and  Chicoral, 
Colombia;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  237,  1921 — numerous  localities; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  338,  1922 — Santa  Marta 
region;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  338,  1926 — Paraguay, 
Argentina,  and  Uruguay  (habits). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  and  southwards  through  Central  Amer- 
ica and  practically  the  whole  of  tropical  and  subtropical  South  America, 


io2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

from  the  Lesser  Antilles  (Grenada  and  Caniacou)  south  to  northern 
Patagonia,  from  Peru  southwards  only  east  of  the  Andes;  accidental 
in  Mississippi,  Kentucky,  New  Jersey,  Maine,  and  Bermuda. 

43:  Guatemala  (unspecified  i);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  2,  Guayabo  3, 
San  Jose"  2);  Colombia  (Bogota  2,  Palmira  i,  Cali  i,  Amalfi,  Antio- 
quia  i);  Venezuela  (Macuto,  Caracas  i,  Maracay,  Aragua  i,  Merida  i, 
Valera  i,  Catatumbo  River  i);  British  Guiana  (Abary  Creek  i);  Brazil 
(Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  9;  Sao  Bento,  Maranhao  i);  Argentina  (Con- 
cepcion,  Tucuman  n);  Uruguay  (Maldonado  i,  Treinta  y  Tres  i, 
Polanco  i). 

Genus  TYRANNUS  Lace"pede. 

Tyrannus  LACEPEDE,  Tabl.  Oiseaux,  p.  5,  1799 — type  "Le  Tiran"  Buffon  = 
Lanius  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

Tirannus  FISCHER  (de  Waldheim),  National  Mus.  Naturg.  Paris,  2,  p.  166, 
1 803 — emendation. 

Dymonax  GLOGER,  Froriep's  Notiz.  Geb.  Natvir-and  Heilkunde,  16,  p.  278,  1827 — 
type  Lanius  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

Laphyctes  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  66,  1850 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY,  1855)  Muscicapa  furcata  SPIX  =  Tyr annus  melancholicus  VIEILLOT. 

Satdlus  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  66,  1850 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY, 
1855)  Muscicapa  satellus  LICHTENSTEIN  MS.  =  Tyrannus  vociferans  SWAINSON. 

Melittarchus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  3,  p.  477,  1855 — type  Tyrannus  magnirostris 

D'ORBIGNY. 

Semnarchus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  689,  1907 — type 
Tyrannus  crassirostris  SWAINSON. 

*Tyrannus  tyrannus  (Linnaeus).    KINGBIRD. 

Lanius  tyrannus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  icth.  ed.,  i,  p.  94,  1758 — based  on  Musci- 
capa corona  rubra  CATESBY,  Nat.  Hist.  Carolina,  i,  p.  55,  pi.  55,  Carolina. 

[Lanius  tyrannus]  y.  carolinensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  302,  1788 — based 
on  "  Gobe-mouche,  de  la  Caroline"  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  676. 

Muscicapa  rex  BARTON,  Fragm.  Nat.  Hist.  Perms.,  p.  18,  1799 — new  name  for 
Lanius  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

Tyrannus  pipiri  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Amei.  sept.,  i,  p.  73,  pi.  44,  1807  (?) — 
North  America;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  267,  1888 — eastern  North 
America,  in  winter  south  to  Peru. 

Muscicapa  animosa  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Saugethiere  and  Vogel  Mus.  Berlin, 
p.  1 8,  1818 — based  on  Lanius  tyrannus,  7.  carolinensis  GMELIN. 

Tyrannus  intrepidus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv,  £d.,  35,  p.  79,  1819 — 
new  name  for  Lanius  tyrannus  VIEILLOT. 

Tyrannus  matutinus  VIEILLOT,  I.e.,  35,  p.  82,  1819 — based  on  Lanius  tyrannus 
LATH.,  var.  A,  part. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  103 

Tyrannus  leucogaster  STEPHENS,  in  Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.,  13  (2),  p.  133,  1826 — new 
name  for  Lanius  tyrannus  LINNAEUS. 

(?)  Tyrannus  vieittotii  SWAINSON  in  Richardson,  Faun.  Bor.-Amer.,  2,  p.  138, 
1831 — based  on  Tyrannus  intrepidus  VIEILLOT,  Gal.  Ois.,  i  (2),  pi.  133, 
North  America. 

Tyrannus  carolinensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  471,  1879  (monog.). 

Tyrannus  tyrannus  vexator  BANGS,  Auk,  15,  p.  178,  1898 — Merrit's  Island, 
Indian  River,  Florida;  MEARNS,  I.e.,  19,  p.  72,  1902 — southern  Florida  (crit., 
nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Tyrannus  tyrannus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  689,  1907 
(monog.,  full  synonymy);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  687,  1910 — 
Los  Cuadros  de  Irazu  and  Volcan  de  Irazri,  Costa  Rica;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  478,  1916 — Miraflores,  San  Agustin,  and  Susu- 
muco,  Colombia;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  268 — Toro  Point, 
Panama;  CHURB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  234,  1921 — Abary  River;  LONN- 
BERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74,  1922 — Mindo,  Ecuador; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  340,  1922 — Bonda,  Buritaca, 
La  Tigrera,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  and  Tierra  Nueva,  Santa  Marta  region; 
BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  220,  1922 — Jesusito, 
Darien;  BARBOUR,  Mem.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  6,  p.  98,  1923 — Cuba;  HALLINAN, 
Auk,  41,  p.  318,  1924 — Gamboa  and  Juan  Diaz,  Panama;  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  32,  p.  24,  1925 — Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  Mackenzie  and  Keewatin,  northern  Ontario,  central  Que- 
bec, and  Newfoundland  south  to  central  Oregon,  northern  New  Mexico, 
central  Texas,  and  central  Florida;  wintering  from  southern  Mexico  to 
British  Guiana,  Colombia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia;  casually  in 
Cuba  and  the  Bahamas. 

56:  Saskatchewan  (Prince  Albert  i);  Ontario  (Mildway  i);  Maine 
(Lincoln  i);  Massachusetts  (Natick  i,  Stony  Brook  i);  Connecticut 
(East  Hartford  2) ;  Wisconsin  (Beaver  Dam  6) ;  Illinois  (Chicago  4,  Calu- 
met i,  Wolf  Lake  i,  Lake  Forest  i,  Deerfield  i,  Joliet  3) ;  Missouri  (Holly 
Springs  i);  Colorado  (Fort  Lyon  3);  Texas  (Corpus  Christi  2,  Fort 
Worth  2);  Florida  (New  River  4,  Gainesville  2,  Enterprise  i,  Punta 
Rassa  i,  Palm  Beach  2,  near  Culter  i,  Mary  Esther  2,  Banana  River  i) ; 
Bahama  Islands  (Old  Providence  i);  Mexico  (Tampico,  Tamaulipas  i); 
Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  2,  San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua 
i);  Costa  Rica  (Limon  i);  Panama  (Colon  i,  unspecified  i);  Peru 
(Yurimaguas  2). 

*Tyrannus  vociferans  Swainson.    CASSIN'S  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  vociferans  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst.,  20, 
No.  40,  p.  273,  Jan.  1826 — Temascaltepec,  Mexico;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S. 


104  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  480,  1879  (monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p. 
269,  1888 — southern  California,  Arizona,  Texas,  Mexico,  and  Guatemala; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  694,  1907  (monog.,  full  bib- 
liography); SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  40,  1914 — Arizona;  GRINNELL, 
I.e.,  n,  p.  89,  1915 — California. 

Tyrannus  cassinii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  5,  p.  39,  pi.  3,  fig.  2, 
1852 — Texas. 

Range:  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  central  California 
and  southern  Wyoming  south  to  Michoacan  and  Jalisco,  Mexico,  and 
western  Texas,  wintering  from  southern  California  and  northern  Mexico 
to  Guatemala;  casual  in  Oregon  ( ?). 

31:  Arizona  (Calabasas  n,  Huachuca  Mountains  7,  Santa  Rita 
Mountains  i,  unspecified  i);  California  (Monterey  2);  Lower  Califor- 
nia (Cape  San  Lucas  i);  Chihuahua  (Babicora  2);  Guerrero  (Iguala  6). 

*Tyrannus  verticalis  Say.    ARKANSAS  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  verticalis  SAY  in  Long's  Exp.  Rocky  Mts.,  2,  p.  60,  1823 — near  La 
Junta,  Colorado;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  479,  1879  (monog.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B,  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  269,  1888 — western  North  America, 
south  to  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  697, 
1907  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 
Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  106,  1907 — El  Rancho  and  Patulul,  Guatemala;  SWARTH, 
Pacif.  CoastAvif.,  10,  p.  40,  1914 — Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  89,  1915 — 
California. 

Range:  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  Alberta,  and  Saskatchewan  south  to  northern  Lower  Cali- 
fornia and  Chihuahua,  east  to  western  Minnesota,  western  Iowa,  cen- 
tral Kansas,  and  western  Texas;  wintering  from  western  Mexico  to 
Guatemala;  casual  in  Manitoba;  accidental  in  Missouri,  Wisconsin, 
Maine,  Massachusetts,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  Maryland. 

46:  Massachusetts  (Great  Island,  West  Yarmouth  i);  North  Da- 
kota (Cannonball  River  4);  Colorado  (Fort  Lyon  4,  Troublesome  i, 
Fraser  i,  Rock  Creek,  Routt  Co.  i);  Nevada  (Truckee  River  i) Cali- 
fornia (Dulzura  i,  Nicasio  i,  Palo  Alto  i,  Riverside  i,  Vernon,  Los 
Angeles  Co.  2,  Monterey  i);  Arizona  (Calabasas  10,  Fort  Huachuca  i, 
Huachuca  Mountains  8);  Mexico  (Iguala,  Guerrero  3);  Guatemala(El 
Rancho,  Zacapa  3,  Patulul,  Solola  i). 

*Tyrannus  niveigularis  Sclater.     SNOWY-THROATED  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  niveigularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  281,  1860 — Babahoyo, 
Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  326,  753 — Tumbez  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.);  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  479,  1879 — Ecuador  (ex 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  105 

SCLATER);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  29,  pi.  3 — Babahoyo  and  Intac, 
Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  329,  1884 — Tumbez,  Guadalupa, 
and  Paucal,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  270,  1888 — Intac  and 
Babahoyo,  Ecuador;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  609,  1902 — San  Javier  and 
Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (descr.  juv.);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv. 
g£og.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  659,  1911 — Santo  Domingo,  Ecuador; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  478,  1917 — Ricaurte,  Colombia. 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  the  Andes  of  southwestern  Colombia  (Ri- 
caurte, Prov.  Nariiio),  Ecuador,  and  northwestern  Peru  (in  depts. 
Tumbez,  Lambayeque,  and  Libertad) ». 

i:    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

Tyrannus  albogularis  Burmeister*.    WHITE-THROATED  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  albogularis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Cbers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  465,  1856 — • 
"das  nordliche  Waldgebiet  Brasiliens  bei  Bahia  and  Pernambuco,"  errore 
(type  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  117,  1868 — 
Goyaz,  Cuyaba,  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto  Grosso,  and  Sao  Vicente,  Matto  Grosso 
(spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
P-  329 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i, 
p.  477,  1879  (ex  BURMEISTER);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  28 — near 
Goyaz  (crit.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  276,  1888 — Goyaz;  RIKER  and 
CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  271,  1890 — Santarem;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  4,  p.  348,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul., 
5»  P-  273,  298,  1902 — Jaboticabal,  Sao  Paulo  (egg  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  295,  1907 — Jaboticabal;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  382, 
1914 — Monte  Alegre. 

Tyrannus  neglectus  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  330, 
in  text — new  name  for  T.  albogularis  BURMEISTER. 

Tyrannus  niveigularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Essex  Inst.,  8,  p.  79,  1876 — 
Santarem. 

Range:  Campos  of  the  interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo 
(Jaboticabal),  Matto  Grosso,  Goyaz,  and  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa), 
north  to  the  lower  Amazon  (Santarem,  Monte  Alegre). 

Tyrannus  apolites  (Cabanis  and  Heine}".     HEINE'S  KINGBIRD. 

•Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  i;  Pambilar  i,  San  Javier,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas  3. 

b  Tyrannus  albogularis  BURMEISTER,  a  very  distinct  species,  is  immediately 
recognizable  by  its  deeply  emarginate  tail,  pure  white  throat,  olive  yellow  foreneck 
and  chest,  and  very  light  gray  pileum. 

A  single  adult  male  from  Monte  Alegre  (lower  Amazon),  secured  by  E.  Snethlage 
on  August  9,  1908  agrees  well  with  others  from  Matto  Grosso. 

Material  examined. — Matto  Grosso:  Cuyaba  4,  Chapada  i,  Rio  Manso  i,  Villa 
Bella  i,  Sao  Vicente  i ;  Goyaz  City  2;  Monte  Alegre  i ;  unspecified  (the  type)  i. 

8  Tyrannus  apolites  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  Pileum  dark  gray;  middle  of  the  crown 
extensively  yolk-yellow  (without  any  orange),  anteriorly  and  laterally  margined  with 


106  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Laphyctes  apolites  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  77,  1859— locality 
unknown  (the  type  examined  in  the  Halberstadt  Museum  is  a  Rio  skin). 

Tyrannus  apolites  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  478,  1879  (ex  CABANIS 
and  HEINE);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  276,  1888 — Rio;  BERLEPSCH, 
Ornis,  14,  p.  474,  1907  (crit.). 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil  (Rio  de  Janeiro). 

*Tyrannus  melancholicus  melancholicus   Vieillot.     AZARA'S  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  eel.,  35,  p.  48, 
1819 — based  on  Azara,  No.  198,  Paraguay;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  (Jbers.  Th. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  464,  1856 — southern  Brazil  (habits,  eggs  descr.);  idem,  Reise 
La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  452,  1861 — Argentina  (eggs  descr.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  p.  117,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sapitiba,  Marambaya,  Mattodentro,  Porto 
do  Jacarehy,  Ypanema,  Curytiba,  Goyaz,  Cuyaba,  Brazil;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  327,  1884 — Peruvian  localities;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  273,  1888 — part;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  295,  1907 — localities 
in  Sao  Paulo,  Minas  Geraes,  Parana,  Espirito  Santo,  and  Argentina. 

Muscicapa  furcata  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  15,  pi.  19,  1825 — "in  locis  campestris 
Brasiliae"  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined*). 

Tyrannus  roseus  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  p.  382,  1831 — no  locality  stated  (the 
type  examined  in  the  Paris  Museum  was  obtained  by  A.  de  Saint-Hilaire  in 
southern  Brazil6). 

sooty  black;  back  dusky,  the  margins  of  the  feathers  somewhat  paler,  producing  a 
mottled  appearance;  upper  tail  coverts  with  narrow  lateral  edges  of  dull  cinnamon 
rufous;  wing  coverts  dusky,  apically  edged  with  dingy  whitish;  remiges  also  dusky, 
the  tertials  and  inner  secondaries  conspicuously  edged  with  whitish  along  the  outer 
web;  rectrices  blackish  brown  and,  with  exception  of  the  outermost  pair,  exteriorly 
fringed  with  dull  cinnamon  rufous;  supraloral  and  superciliary  region  ashy  gray; 
distinct  anteocular  spot  dusky;  auriculars  dark  sooty  gray,  forming  a  dusky  patch; 
sides  of  neck  dark  olive  gray;  throat  and  foreneck  grayish  white;  remainder  of  under 
surface  pale  sulphur  yellow,  the  chest  faintly  shaded  with  olive  gray  and  with  hair- 
like  dusky  shaft-lines,  the  latter  extending  down  to  the  middle  of  the  breast;  axillars 
and  under  wing-coverts  pale  sulphur  yellow;  quills  narrowly  edged  with  pale  yellow- 
ish along  basal  half  of  inner  web;  bill  black.  Wing  108;  tail  94;  tail-furca  13 ;  bill  18^2. 

This  species  differs  from  T.  melancholicus  by  inferior  size;  much  smaller  bill;  the 
black  encirclement  of  the  bright  yolk-yellow  crown-patch ;  the  obsolete  dusky  mottling 
of  the  back;  the  rufous  edgings  of  the  rectrices  and  upper  tail  coverts;  the  much  paler 
under  parts,  with  dingy  grayish  instead  of  greenish  chest,  etc.  The  coloration  of  the 
upper  parts,  the  rufous  margins  to  the  tail,  and  the  markings  on  the  sides  of  the  head 
(except  for  the  gray  instead  of  white  superciliaries)  remind  of  Empidonomus  varius, 
which,  besides  other  characters,  differs,  however,  by  its  much  smaller  bill.  In  shape 
of  tail,  T.  apolites  is  somewhat  intermediate  between  T.  vociferans  and  T.  melan- 
cholicus, the  furca  being  deeper  than  in  the  latter,  but  shallower  than  in  the  former. 
The  bill  is  very  much  smaller  and  shorter  than  in  either  of  the  two,  being  even 
slightly  slenderer  than  in  Sirystes. 

The  type,  a  bird  in  perfectly  fresh  plumage,  is  a  skin  of  the  well-known  "Rio" 
make.  It  is  still  unique  in  the  Heine  Collection,  now  in  the  Municipal  Museum  at 
Halberstadt. 

•  Recent  reexamination  shows  the  type  to  be  a  specimen  of  the  large  southern 
form  with  wide  greenish  chest  band  and  decidedly  grayish  throat.  It  is  precisely 
similar  to  Paraguayan  and  South  Brazilian  skins  and  was,  no  doubt,  obtained  some- 
where in  Sao  Paulo  or  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

b  The  pinkish  gray  color  of  the  throat  and  chest  is  due  to  stain.  Otherwise  the 
type  is  a  perfectly  typical  example  of  melancholicus. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  107 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  melancholicus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
P-  349.  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  64,  p.  377,  1921  (crit.,  char.,  range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
J33»  P-  337.  1926 — west  of  Puerto  Pinasco  (Paraguay),  near  General  Roca 
(Rio  Negro),  Victorica  (Pampa),  San  Vicente  and  Lazcano  (Uruguay), 
Tunuyan  (Mendoza). 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  satrapa  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  478,  1917 — numerous  localities  in  Colombia. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina,  south  to  the  Rio  Negro;  Paraguay; 
Uruguay ;  southern  Brazil,  north  to  Espirito  Santo,  Minas  Geraes,  Goyaz, 
and  Matto  Grosso;  eastern  Bolivia;  Peru;  Ecuador;  Colombia  (except 
north  coast);  and  northwestern  Venezuela  (states  of  Zulia,  Trujillo, 
and  Tachira)  •. 

77:  Argentina  (Conception,  Tucuman  13);  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas, 
near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i ;  Urucum  de  Corumba,  Matto 
Grosso  i);  Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo,  mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio  i, 
Trinidad,  Rio  Mamore"  i);  Peru  (San  Ramon,  Chanchamayo  5; 
Chosica  i,  Santa  Eulalia,  Dept.  Lima  i;  Huanuco  6,  Chinchao 
2,  Vista  Alegre  i,  Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  2 ;  Hacienda 
Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas  6 ;  Menochuco  i ;  Chachapoyas  i ; 
Rioja  i;  Moyobamba  5;  Yurimaguas  6);  Colombia  (Bogota  2;  Cali, 
Cauca  i ;  El  Desconso,  Cundinamarca  i ;  El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north 
of  San  Jose"  de  Cucuta,  Santander  i);  Venezuela  (Colon,  Tachira  3; 
La  Ceiba,  Trujillo  i ;  Encontrados,  Zulia  10,  Catatumbo  River,  Zulia  3). 

*Tyrannus  melancholicus  despotes  (Lichtenstein}*.     LICHTENSTEIN'S 
KINGBIRD. 

Muscicapa  despotes  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  55,  1823 — Bahia. 
Tyrannus  crudelis  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst.,  20, 
No.  40,  p.  275,  Jan.  1826 — northern  provinces  of  Brazil. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  273,  1888 — part,  Tobago,  Trinidad,  British  Guiana,  Mexiana,  Para, 
Pernambuco;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  381,  1914 — Para  and  lower 
Amazonian  localities. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  satrapa  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  CORY,  Field  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  200 — Aruba;  p.  207 — Curasao;  p.  246,  1909 — 

•  Birds  from  Colombia  and  western  Venezuela  are  difficult  to  allocate,  being  inter- 
mediate between  melancholicus  and  chloronotus.  The  series  from  the  heavily  forested 
area  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo  (Encontrados)  agrees  in  coloration  with  melancholicus, 
but  in  size  is  nearer  to  chloronotus.  Specimens  from  Colombia  and  Tachira  (Colon), 
in  coloring  of  under  parts,  approach  the  latter  so  closely,  that  their  reference  to 
chloronotus  or  melancholicus  is  largely  a  matter  of  personal  preference. 

b  Tyrannus  melancholicus  despotes  (LICHTENSTEIN):  Differs  from  7".  m.  melan- 
cholicus in  smaller  size;  much  narrower,  yellowish  olive  rather  than  grayish  green 
chest  band,  and  paler  grayish  throat. 


io8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Margarita  Island;  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  276,  1905 — 
Grenada  and  La  Union  Island;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sea.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  245,  1916 — Orinoco  region  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Tyrannus  satrapa  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  234,  1921 — numerous  lo- 
calities. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  despotes  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
64,  p.  378,  1921  (crit.,  char.,  range). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  to  Bahia,  west  at  least  to  the  Tapa- 
j6z;  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (except  northwest- 
ern section) ;  Islands  of  Margarita,  Trinidad,  Tobago,  Grenada,  and  La 
Union;  accidental  in  Curasao  and  Aruba,  Dutch  West  Indies. 

74:  Brazil  (Bahia  i,  Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy,  Bahia  2,  Sao 
Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  i;  Jua,  near  Iguatu  2,  Quixada,  Ceara  2; 
Arara,  Piauhy  i;  Sao  Luiz  i,  Sao  Bento  i,  Cururupu,  Maranhao  i; 
Utinga,  near  Para  i ;  Santarem,  Rio  Tapajoz  i ;  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco 
4,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista  i);  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  2, 
Mazaruni  River  i) ;  Venezuela  (Margarita  Island  u ;  Caracas  3,Macuto, 
Caracas  i ;  Maracay,  Aragua  2) ;  Curacao  i ;  Aruba  i ;  Tobago  33. 

*Tyrannus  melancholicus  chloronotus  Berlepsch*.     BERLEPSCH'S  KING- 
BIRD. 

(?)  Tyrannus  sulphuraceus  HARTLAUB  (ex  WURTTEMBERG  MS.),  Naumannia,  2, 
Heft  2,  p.  52,  1852 — Cienagas  de  Xagua,  Cubab. 

Tyrannus  chloronotus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  474,  1907 — Temax,  Yucatan. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  (not  of  VIEULLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  273, 
1888 — part,  spec,  f,  k-o',  Tehuantepec,  Yucatan,  Cozumel,  Mugeres,  Holbox, 
Meco  Island,  Belize  (British  Honduras),  Guatemala,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica, 
Veragua,  Panama,  Santa  Marta;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  101,  1889 — part,  southeastern  Mexico  and  Central  America  to 
Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  satrapa  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  700,  1907 — part,  Mexican  states  of  Oaxaca, 
southern  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco,  Chiapas,  and  Yucatan,  British  Honduras, 
Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Panama;  DEARBORN, 
Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  107,  1907 — Guatemala;  FERRY,  I.e., 
p.  269,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  686,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  375,  1913 — Camp  Mengel  and 
Xcopen,  Quintana  Roo. 

•  Tyrannus  melancholicus  chloronotus  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  to  T.  m.  despotes,  but 
chest  band  still  paler,  more  yellowish;  crown  slightly  paler  gray;  throat  more  whitish 
on  anterior  portion. 

b  In  view  of  certain  discrepancies  in  the  description  I  hesitate  to  adopt  the  name 
sulphuraceus.  Unfortunately,  the  type  has  disappeared. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  109 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  chloronotus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  64,  p.  380,  1921  (crit.,  char.,  range);  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  I.e.,  65,  p. 
220,  1922 — Jesusito,  Darien,;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
J4»  P-  339i  I922 — Fundaci6n,  Gaira,  Bonda,  Buritaca,  Minca,  Don  Diego, 
Cincinnati,  and  La  Tigrera,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range :  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Oaxaca,  southern  Vera  Cruz, 
Tabasco,  Chiapas,  Yucatan,  and  Quintana  Roo);  British  Honduras; 
Guatemala;  Honduras;  Nicaragua;  Costa  Rica;  Panama;  and  northern 
littoral  of  Colombia  (Cartagena;  Santa  Marta  region);  (?)  accidental 
in  Cuba. 

46:  Oaxaca  (Cacoprieto,  Tehuantepec  i);  Yucatan  (Rio  Lagartos  5, 
San  Felipe  i,  unspecified  i);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  3,  Patu- 
lul,  Solola  i,  Lake  Amatitlan  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinan- 
dega  i,  Matagalpa  i);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i,  Sanchez  i,  Boruca  i,  Buenos 
Aires  2,  Limon3,  Guayabo  12);  Panama  (Balboa  2,  Colon  7,  El  Banco, 
Chiriqui  i);  Colombia  (Cartagena  i). 

*Tyrannus  melancholicus  couchii  Baird.    COUCH'S  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  couchii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Pacific  R.  R.  Surv.,  9,  p.  175,  1858 — Nuevo  Leon, 
Mexico;  idem,  ed.  1860  (Birds  N.  Amer.),  pi.  49,  fig.  i. 

Laphyctes  satrapa  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  77,  1859 — type  from 
Mexico. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  273, 
1888 — part,  spec,  g,  Orizaba;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  101,  1889 — part,  Texas  and  eastern  Mexico. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  couchii  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  705,  1907 — lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  in  Texas  and  eastern  Mexico  to  Puebla 
(monog.,  full  synonymy);  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Altamira,  Santa 
Leonor,  Matamoros,  and  San  Fernando,  Tamaulipas;  BANGS  and  PENARD, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64,  p.  381,  1921 — southern  Texas  and  northeastern 
Mexico  (crit.). 

Range:  Southern  Texas  (lower  Rio  Grande  Valley)  and  eastern 
Mexico  (in  states  of  Tamaulipas,  Nuevo  Leon,  Vera  Cruz,  and  Puebla) . 

3:  Mexico,  Tamaulipas  (Tampico  i),  Vera  Cruz  (Pueblo  Viejo  i); 
unspecified  i. 

*Tyrannus  melancholicus  occidentalis  Hartert  and  Goodson*.    WESTERN 

KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  occidentalis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  412,  1917 — San  Bias,  Tepic,  Mexico;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  64,  p.  381,  1921 — western  Mexico  (crit.). 

*  Tyrannus  melancholicus  occidentalis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Similar  to  T.  m. 
chloronotus  and  about  the  same  size;  but  under  parts  much  paler  yellow,  and  throat 
clearer  white;  similar  to  T.  m.  couchii  in  white  throat,  but  much  smaller,  yellow  of 
under  parts  paler,  and  chest  strongly  shaded  with  grayish. 


no  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tyrannus  melancJwlicus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  273, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Mazatlan,  Presidio,  and  Acapulco;  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  101,  1889 — part,  western  Mexico. 

Tyrannus  melancholicus  satrapa  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  700,  1907 — part,  in  states  of  Sinaloa,  Tepic, 
Jalisco,  Colima,  and  Guerrero. 

Range:    Western  Mexico,  in  states  of  Sinaloa,  Tepic,  Jalisco,  Col- 
ima, and  Guerrero. 

8:    Guerrero  (Iguala  8). 

*Tyrannus  dominicensis  dominicensis  (Gmelin).    GRAY  KINGBIRD. 

[Lanius  tyrannus]  ft.  dominicensis  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  302,  1788 — based 
on  "Le  Tyran,  de  Sainte  Domingue"  Brisson,  Orn.,  2,  p.  394,  pi.  38,  fig.  2. 

Tyrannus  griseus  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Amer.  sept.,  i,  p.  76,  pi.  46,  1807  (?) — 
Santo  Domingo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  271,  1888 — Florida,  Baha- 
mas, Greater  Antilles,  and  coasts  of  Central  America;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.  Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  98,  1889 — Florida,  Cozumel  Island,  Nicar- 
agua, Panama,  Colombia,  West  Indies. 

Tyrannus  matutinus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  35,  p.  82,  1819 — 
based  on  Lanius  tyrannus  LATHAM,  var.  A,  part. 

Tyrannus  titiri  TEMMINCK,  Tabl.  me'th.  PI.  col.,  p.  24,  1836 — based  on  Dauben- 
ton,  PI.  enl.  537,  Santo  Domingo. 

Tyrannus  dominicensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  470,  1879  (monog.); 
CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  131,  1889 — Bahamas,  Cuba,  Haiti,  Jamaica,  Porto 
Rico,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  St.  Bartholomew,  and  Sombrero;  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  52,  1902 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco, 
Venezuela;  VERRILL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  61,  p.  361,  1909 — San  Domin- 
go; LOWE,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  152 — Cayman  Islands;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1913,  p.  205 — La  Pedrita,  Rio  Uracoa,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  478,  1917 — Noanama,  Banco,  and  Varrud, 
Colombia;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  245,  1916 — Orinoco 
River,  from  the  delta  up  to  the  mouth  of  the  Apure  River,  breeding  at  Agua 
Salada  de  Ciudad  Bolivar. 

Tyrannus  dominicensis  dominicensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  706,  1907  (monog.,  full  synonymy);  LOWE,  Ibis,  1907,  p.  562 — Margarita 
Island ;  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  200 — Aruba;  p.  207 — 
Curacao;  p.  212 — Bonaire;  p.  225 — Blanquilla;  p.  245,  1909 — Margarita 
Island;  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  7,  p.  424,  1911 — Watlings  Island  and 
Abaco,  Bahamas;  idem,  I.e.,  10,  p.  247,  1916 — Bibijagua,  Los  Indios,  and 
Nueva  Gerona,  Isle  of  Pines;  WETMORE,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Bull.,  326,  p.  75, 
pi.  7,  1916 — Porto  Rico  (habits,  food);  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  60, 
p.  311,  1916 — Grand  Cayman  and  Cayman  Brae;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  61,  p.  414,  1917 — Monte  Crist  and  Sosua,  San  Domingo;  STONE,  Proc. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  268 — Gatun,  Panama. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  in 

Tyrannus  curvirostris  (not  Sitta  curvirostris  HERMANN)"  STRESEMANN,  Nov.  Zool., 

27.  P-  329.  1920  (crit.). 
Tyrannus  curvirostris  curvirostris  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 

p.  338,  1922 — Bonda,  Buritaca,  Mamatoco,  Punta  Caiman,  Fundaci6n,  Rio 

Hacha,  Tucurinca,  and  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Santa  Marta  region  (winter  visitor) ; 

BARBOUR,  Mem.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  6,  p.  97,  1923 — 'Cuba. 

Range:  Coast  of  Georgia,  southeastern  South  Carolina,  and  Flor- 
ida; Bahama  Islands;  Greater  Antilles  (including  the  Cayman  Islands); 
Virgin  Islands;  Islands  of  Anguilla,  St.  Eustatius,  and  Bartholomew, 
Lesser  Antilles'1;  coast  of  Central  America  and  northern  South  America, 
from  Cozumel  Island,  Yucatan  south  to  Colombia  and  Venezuela  (Mar- 
garita Island;  La  Pedrita,  Rio  Uracoa;  Orinoco  River, «  etc.). 

353:  Florida  (Sarasota  i,  Punta  Rassa  i,  Key  West  3);  Eastern 
Cuba  (unspecified  i).;  Grand  Cayman  6;  Little  Cayman  4;  Cayman  Brae 
6;  Bahamas  (Abaco  8,  Eleuthera  2,  Bimini  2,  Old  Providence  i,  Wat- 
lings  i,  Long  Island  i,  Aucklin  5,  Mariguana  3,  Great  Inagua  75); 
Haiti  (Jacmel  5,  Port  au  Prince  i,  Le  Coup  5);  Santo  Domingo  (San 
Domingo  City  12,  San  Cristobal  2,  Catare  2,  Honduras  i,  Maimon  i, 
Samana  i,  Magua  i,  Aguacate  2,  Maniel  5,  Puerto  Plata  25);  Mona 
Island  4;  Porto  Rico  32;  St.  Thomas  3;  Virgin  Gorda  35;  Tortola  8; 
Anegada  23;  St.  Croix  19;  St.  Bartholomew  i ;  St.  Eustatius  7;  Anguilla 
i;  Dutch  West  Indies  (Aruba  3,  Curagao  6,  Bonaire  7);  Venezuela 
(Encontrados,  Zulia  6 ;  Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  i ;  Valera  i ;  Margarita  Island 
2);  Panama  (Colon  3). 

*Tyrannus  dominicensis  vorax   Vieillot.    LARGE-BILLED  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  vorax  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  35,  p.  90,  1819 — 
Martinique. 

Tyrannus  rostratus  SCLATER,  Ibis,  6,  p.  87,  1864 — Trinidad  and  Guiana;  RIDG- 
WAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  470,  1879  (monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  273,  1888 — Lesser  Antilles;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  129,  1889 — 
Lesser  Antilles;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  27,  1906 — Seelet  and  Laven- 
tille,  Trinidad. 

Tyrannus  dominicensis  rostratus  RILEY,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  47,  p.  287,  1904 — 
Barbuda  and  Antigua  (crit.) ;  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  276, 
1905 — Barbados,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada,  and  Grenadines  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

8  Sitta  curvirostris  HERMANN  (Tab.  Aff.  Anim.,  p.  204,  1783)  is  based  on  Buffon's 
"La  Grande  Sitelle  &  bee  crochu."  This,  on  its  turn,  exclusively  rests  on  Sloane's 
"Loggerhead"  (Trav.  Jamaica,  p.  301,  No.  19),  in  which  I  fail  to  recognize  the  Gray 
Kingbird,  the  accompanying  figure  being  utterly  indeterminable. 

b  Specimens  from  these  islands  are  intermediate  between  dominicensis  and  vorax. 

8  While  the  majority  of  the  birds  met  with  in  South  America  are  certainly  but 
winter  visitors,  Cherrie  found  the  species  breeding  in  April  at  Agua  Salada  de  Ciudad 
Bolivar,  on  the  Orinoco,  Venezuela. 


ii2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tyrannus  dominicensis  vorax  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  710, 
1907 — southern  Lesser  Antilles  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 
Zool.,  15,  p.  125,  1908 — Cayenne,  French  Guiana;  NOBLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  60,  p.  381,  1916 — Saint  Rose  and  Goyave,  Guadeloupe  (crit.,  habits). 

Range:  Lesser  Antilles  (from  Barbuda  and  Antigua  southwards), 
migrating  in  winter  to  Trinidad  and  Guiana. 

39:  Antigua  15;  Guadeloupe  3;  Dominica  2;  Santa  Lucia  10;  St. 
Vincent  4;  Grenada  4;  British  Guiana  (unspecified  i). 

*Tyrannus  cubensis  Richmond.     GIANT  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  magnirostris  (not  of  SWAINSON  1831)  D'ORBIGNY  in  La  Sagra's  Hist. 
Nat.  Cuba,  Ois.,  p.  80,  pi.  13,  1840 — Cuba;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
i,  p.  469,  1879 — Cuba  and  Bahamas  (monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  273,  1888 — Cuba  and  Mugeres  Island,  Yucatan;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  103,  1889 — Mugeres  Island,  Cuba,  Bahamas; 
CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  130,  1889 — Cuba  and  Inagua  Island. 

Tyrannus  cubensis  RICHMOND,  Auk,  15,  p.  330,  1898 — new  name  for  Tyrannus 
magnirostris  D'ORBIGNY  preoccupied;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  711,  1907 — Cuba,  Bahamas  and  Mugeres  Island,  Yucatan  (monog., 
full  synonymy);  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  10,  p.  247,  1916 — Los  Indios, 
Isle  of  Pines;  BARBOUR,  Mem.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  6,  p.  98,  1923 — Cuba. 

Range:  Island  of  Cuba  (including  Isle  of  Pines),  Greater  Antilles; 
more  southern  Bahama  Islands  (Great  Inagua;  North  Caicos;  EastCai- 
cos ;  Grand  Caicos) ;  accidental  on  Mugeres  Island,  Yucatan. 

6:    Cuba  (unspecified  i);  Bahamas  (Great  Inagua  i;  Caicos  4). 

*Tyrannus  crassirostris  Swainson.    THICK-BILLED  KINGBIRD. 

Tyrannus  crassirostris  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst., 
20,  No.  40,  p.  273,  Jan.  1826 — Mexico;  RIDGWAY, Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i, p.  472, 
1879  (monog.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  271,  1888 — western  Mex- 
ico and  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  103,  1889 — western  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  712,  1907  (monog.,  full  synonymy). 

Range:  Western  and  southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Sinaloa,  Jalisco, 
Colima,  Guerrero,  Morelos,  Puebla,  and  Oaxaca)  and  western  Guate- 
mala (Escuintla). 

9:    Jalisco  (Tuxpam  i);  Guerrero  (Iguala  8). 


Genus  EMPIDONOMUS  Cabanis  and  Heine  . 

Empidonomus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  76,  1859 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Muscicapa  varia  Vieillot. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  113 

*Empidonomus  varius  varius  (  Vieillot).    VARIED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  varia  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  21,  p.  458,  1818 — 

based  on  Azara,  No.  187,  Paraguay. 

Empidonomus  varius  PELZELN,  On.  Bras.,  2,  p.  117,  1868 — part,  Goyaba  and 
Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo,  and  Curytiba,  Parana  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  exam- 
ined); BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  137,  1885 — Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  265,  1888 — part, 
Paraguay  and  southern  Brazil;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming 
Bird,  2,  p.  45,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
4,  p.  347,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  16,  p.  127,  1899 — Mundo  Novo  and  Pedras  Brancas;  idem,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  p.  204,  1899 — Sao  Carlos  do  Pinhal  and  Iguape',  Sao  Paulo;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  187,  1902 — Tafi  Viejo  and  Rio  Calera,  Tucu- 
man; idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis, 
12,  p.  221,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Lules,  and  Tapia,  Tucuman;  IHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  .p.  294,  1907 — part,  Sao  Carlos  do  Pinhal,  Itatiba,  Iguape", 
Sao  Paulo,  and  Est.  Espirito  Santo;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  204,  1909 — Tucuman  and  Tafi  Viejo;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  596 — Sapucay, 
Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  348,  1910 — Tucuman 
and  Hemandarias,  Entrerios;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay;  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  72,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (south  to  La  Rioja,  Tucuman,  and 
Entrerios) ;  Paraguay;  eastern  Bolivia;  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de 
Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  north  to  eastern  Matto  Grosso  (Cha- 
pada) ». 

3:  Brazil  (Porto  Real,  Rio  i);  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa 
Cruz  2). 

*Empidonomus  varius   rufinus    (Spix)b.     AMAZONIAN   VARIED   FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Muscicapa  rufina  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  22,  pi.  31,  fig.  i,  2,  1825 — "in  provincia  fl. 
Amazonum"  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

•  Material  examined. — Paraguay:  Bernalcue",  near  Asunci6n  i .  Brazil:  Salto  do 
Norte,  Santa  Catharina  i;  Curytiba,  Parana  i;  Ypanema  i,  Goyaba  2,  Iguap6,  S5.o 
Paulo  i;  Porto  Real,  Rio  i.  Argentina:  Tucuman  2.  Bolivia:  Buenavista  2. 

b  Empidonomus  varius  rufinus  (Spix):  Differs  from  E.  v.  varius  by  inferior  size; 
smaller  bill;  paler  (brownish  rather  than  blackish)  spotting  above,  with  the  margins 
of  the  feathers  lighter  olivaceous;  and  less  pronounced,  also  more  restricted  streaking 
underneath. 

Birds  from  British  Guiana  (parvirostris)  are  indistinguishable  from  a  series  of 
Amazonian  skins.  An  adult  male  from  Barra  do  Jauni,  northern  Matto  Grosso,  is 
quite  typical  of  this  form,  as  far  as  coloration  is  concerned,  but  approaches  E.  v. 
varius  in  size.  A  male  from  the  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas),  however,  is  equally  large. 
Specimens  from  Bahia  agree  well  with  those  from  the  lower  Amazons,  though  one  or 
two  slightly  diverge  towards  E.  v.  varius. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  i.  British  Guiana:  Annai  2. 
Peru:  Tarapoto  i.  Brazil:  Marabitanas  i,  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  i;  Manaos  i; 
Itacoatiara  3 ;  Rio  Branco  2 ;  Santa  Anna,  Maraj6  i ;  Para  (Utinga,  Sao  Antonio,  etc.) 
5;  Amazon  River  (the  type)  i;  Maranhao  2;  Piauhy  3;  Ceara  2;  Bahia  10. 


ii4  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tyrannus  leucotis  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst.,  20, 
No.  40,  p.  276,  Jan.  1826 — northern  Brazil. 

Muscipeta  ruficauda  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  920,  1831 — Camamu 
and  Rio  Jiquirica,  Bahia. 

Tyrannula  tschudii  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  369,  1844 — Bahia. 

Empidonomus  varius  parvirostris  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  40,  p.  75,  Jan.  1920 — 
Kamakabra  River,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  231,  1921 — 
numerous  localities. 

Tyrannus  rufinus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  700,  1848 — 
British  Guiana;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  466,  1856 — from 
the  Amazonas  to  Bahia. 

Empidonomus  varius  (not  Muscicapa  varia  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  117,  1868 — part,  Barra  do  Jauni  (Matto  Grosso),  Marabitanas  and  Bar- 
cellos  (Rio  Negro),  Para  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  189;  I.e.,  1873,  p.  281 — Upper  Ucayali,  Peru; 
(?)  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  615 — Mapiri,  Prov.  Yungas,  Bolivia;  LAYARD,  Ibis, 
1873,  p.  383 — Sao  Joao,  Para;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  326,  1884 — 
Upper  Ucayali;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  298 — Bartica  Grove  and  Roraima; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  265,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  f-i,  Roraima, 
Bartica  Grove,  Pebas,  Pernambuco,  Bahia;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37, 
p.  302,  1889 — Tarapoto,  Peru;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — 
Santarem;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  293,  1905 — Igarape"-Assu,  Pard; 
idem,  I.e.,  13,  p.  362,  1906 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para;  idem,  Abhandl.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  654,  1906  (note  on  Spix's  type);  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  294,  1907 — part,  Santarem;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool., 
15,  p.  125,  1908 — Cayenne;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  503,  1908 — 
Goyana  and  Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  528,  1908 — Arumatheua.Rio 
Tocantins;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2, 
p.  90,  1912 — Pard  localities;  IHEKING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  443,  482,  1914 — 
Joazeiro,  Bahia  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  382, 
1914 — Para,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puni,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Tocantins 
(Baiao,  Arumatheua),  Rio  Xingu  (Ponte  Nova,  Forte  Amb6),  Rio  Tapajoz 
(Itaituba,  Goyana),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Santa  Helena),  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro), 
and  Maranhao;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  90,  1916 — Para. 

Range:  Northern  and  eastern  Brazil,  south  to  northern  Matto 
Grosso  (Jauru)  and  Bahia;  eastern  Peru;  French  and  British  Guiana, 
and  adjacent  section  of  eastern  Venezuela  (Terr.  Yuruari)*. 

15 :  Brazil  (Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  i,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista  i ; 
Manaos  i;  Itacoatiara  3;  Utinga,  near  Pard  i;  Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  i, 
Grajahu,  Maranhao  i  ;  Ardra,  Piauhy  i,  Deserto,  Piauhy  2  ;  Serra 
Baturite",  Ceara  2;  Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy,  Bahia  i). 

»  According  to  Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd  (in  litt.),  specimens  in  the  Carnegie  Museum 
from  Rio  Yuruan,  Upata,  and  other  places  at  the  base  of  the  Sierra  de  Imataca  are 
referable  to  this  race. 


IQ27-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  115 

Empidonomus  varius  septentrionalis  (Todd)*.    NORTHERN  VARIED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Empidonomus  varius  septentrionalis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  29,  p.  96, 
1916 — El  Trompillo,  Carabobo,  Venezuela. 

Tyrannus  rufinus  (not  Muscicapa  rufina  SPIX)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150, 
1855 — Bogota. 

Empidonomus  varius  (not  Muscicapa  varia  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus..  14,  p.  265,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  Bogota;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  51,  1902 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Nericagua,  Caicara,  and 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Orinoco  River;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  245,  1916 — Orinoco  River  (habits;  juv.  descr.). 

Range :  Northern  Venezuela,  from  the  State  of  Carabobo  south  to 
the  Orinoco  River,  and  apparently  eastern  Colombia  (Bogotd). 

^Empidonomus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  (La- 
fresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).  BLACK-AND-YELLOW-CRESTED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Tyrannus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  45,  1837 — Valle  Grande,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  312,  1839 — Valle 
Grande  (Bolivia)  and  Corrientes;  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  453, 
1861 — Rio  Uruguay,  Parand  (Entrerios),  and  Mendoza;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  190 — Rio  Ucayali,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  751, 
757 — Xeberos,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  282 — Ucayali  and  Xeberos,  Peru; 
HUDSON,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  113 — Buenos  Aires;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  natur- 
hist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  326 — Lagoa  Santa  and  Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes 
(habits);  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  482,  1879  (monog.); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  616 — Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1882,  p.  22 — Huambo,  Peru;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  202, 
1883 — Conception,  Entrerios  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 
P6r.,  2,  p.  331,  1884 — Ucayali,  Xeberos,  and  Huambo,  Peru;  STEMPELMANN 
and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  348,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso. 

Tyrannus  auriflamma  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Mendoza 
(types  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Tyrannus  inca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  383 — Bolivia;  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  118,  1868 — City  of  Goyaz  and  Serrado  (Goyaz),  Cuyabd  (Matto 
Grosso). 

•  Empidonomus  varius  septentrionalis  TODD:  Closely  similar  to  E.  v.  varius,  but 
darker  above,  and  streaking  on  under  parts  even  heavier. 

We  have  not  seen  any  material  from  the  type  locality,  but  specimens  from  the 
middle  Orinoco  correspond  well  to  the  diagnosis  of  this  form.  Four  "Bogotd"  skins 
come  very  near  true  varius,  but  on  geographical  grounds  must  be  referred  here,  the 
range  of  varius  being  entirely  cut  off  by  the  interposition  of  E.  v.  rufinus  which 
stretches  from  the  Guianas  through  the  Amazon  Valley  to  eastern  Peru. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Ciudad  Bolivar  2,  Caicara  2,  Quiribana  de 
Caicara  i.  Colombia:  "Bogotd"  4. 


n6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Empidonomus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  157, 
1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  266,  1888 — Goyaz, 
Xeberos,  Upper  Ucayali,  Bolivia,  and  Mendoza;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  487 — 
Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  281,  291, 
1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja  and  Catamarca;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  n,  1895 — Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12, 
No.  292,  p.  16,  1897 — Campo  Santo  (Salta)  and  Caiza  (Bolivia);  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  187,  1902 — Tucuman;  LONNBERG,  Ibis,  1903, 
p.  469 — Tatarenda,  Bolivia;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  221,  1904 — Santa  Ana, 
Tucuman;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — Tucuman;  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  203,  1909 — Mocovi  (Santa  Fe"),  Barracas  al 
Sud  (Buenos  Aires),  Tucuman,  and  La  Soledad  (Entrerios);  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  348,  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  GRANT, 
Ibis,  1911,  p.  123 — Boca  de  Homiguera,  Matto  Grosso;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Paraguay;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  38,  1916 — 
Mendoza;  DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  146,  1918 — Tucuman  (egg  descr.); 
SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  51,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI, 
I.e.,  p.  72,  1923 — La  Rioja;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Pub.  for  1922-23, 
p.  649,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  23,  1925 — 
part,  Valle  Grande,  Bolivia  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  337,  1926 — west  of  Puerto  Pinasco  (Paraguay),  Victorica  (Pampa),  and 
Rio  Negro  (Uruguay). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina,  south  to  Mendoza,  Pampa,  and 
Buenos  Aires;  Paraguay;  Uruguay;  interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Matto 
Grosso,  southern  Goyaz,  and  Minas  Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa);  eastern 
Bolivia  and  Peru  (Rioja,  Yurimaguas,  Huambo,  Xeberos,  Ucayali)". 

19:  Argentina  (Yacuiba,  Salta  i ;  Conception,  Tucuman  9;  El  Car- 
rizal,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  2) ;  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  5) ; 
Peru  (Yurimaguas  i,  Rioja  i). 

*Empidonomus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  minor  subsp.    nov.b     LESSER 

BLACK-AND-YELLOW-CRESTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonomus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
REISER,  Denkschr.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  76,  1910 — 
Tronco  Falls,  below  Nova  York,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  382,  1914 — Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
32,  p.  23,  1925 — part,  Fazenda  de  Thomas  da  Saga,  Rio  Tocantins. 

•Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Valle  Grande  (the  types)  2,  Buenavista  5. 
Argentina:  El  Carrizal,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  2;  Tucuman  n;  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  i; 
Mendoza  (types  of  T.  auriflamma)  2.  Brazil:  Cuyabd,  Matto  Grosso  2.  Peru: 
Rioja  i,  Yurimaguas  i. 

b  Empidonomus  aurantio-atro-cristatus  minor  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao,  Brazil  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  No. 
56654.  Adult  male.  August  15,  1923.  H.  Snethlage. 

Adult. — Similar  to  E.  a.  aurantio-atro-cristatus,  but  much  smaller,  with  much 
shorter,  weaker  bill;  back  much  lighter,  pale  grayish  olive  (instead  of  near  hair 
brown) ;  under  parts  likewise  much  paler  (light  mouse  gray  instead  of  mouse  gray) 
and  passing  into  whitish  along  middle  line;  under  tail  coverts  naphthalene  yellow, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  117 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Piauhy,  Maranhao,  north- 
ern Goyaz  (Fazenda  de  Thomas  da  Saga,  near  Porto  Imperial),  and 
Para  (Santarem,  Rio  Tapajdz). 

6:    Brazil,  Marajih'ao  (Sao  Luiz  i,  Cod6,  Cocos  4,  Sao  Francisco  i). 

Genus  LEGATUS  Sclater. 

Legatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  46,  1859 — type  Tyrannus  albicollis  VIEIL- 
LOT  =  Platyrhynchos  leucophaius  VIEILLOT. 

*Legatus  leucophaius  leucophaius  (  Vieilloi) ».    STRIPED  FLYCATCHER. 

Platyrhynchos  leucophaius  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  27, 
p.  u,  1818 — 'TAme'rique  meYidionale"  =  Cayenne  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  358,  1855  (crit.). 

Tyrannus  albicollis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  eM,  35,  p.  89,  1819 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  186,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  legatus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  56,  1823 — Bahia. 

Muscipeta  citrina  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  917,  1831 — Nazareth  das 
Farinhas,  Rio  Jagoaripa,  Bahia. 

Tyrannus  circumcinctus  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Drawings,  Part  4,  pi.  50,  1836  (?) — 
Brazil. 

Legatus  albicollis  successor  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  40,  p.  43,  1919 — British 
Guiana,  Surinam,  and  Cayenne;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  194,  1921 — 
British  Guiana  (numerous  localities). 

Muscipeta  albicollis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — Guarayos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Amer.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  318,  1839 — Rio  San  Miguel,  Guarayos. 

Elainea  albicollis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  475,  1856 — middle 
Brazil  to  Guiana. 

Myiobius  leucophaius  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  227,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Legatus  albicollis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  1868 — Cachoeirinha,  Ypanema, 
Curytiba,  Barra  [  =  Manaos,]  Brazil;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  155, 
1888 — part,  excl.  Mexican  and  Guatemalan  specimens  and  references;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  233,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  type);  RIKER 
and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Santarem;  PHELPS,  I.e.,  14,  p.  365, 
1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  23,  1906 — 

with  very  little  grayish  brown  along  the  shaft.  Wing  (male)  88-93  (against  98-102), 
(female)  88  (against  95-97);  tail  74-78  (against  82-87);  bill  12-13  (against  15-16  in 
E.  a.  aurantio-atro-cristatus). 

Material  examined. — Maranhao:  Cod6,  Cpcos  4,  Sao  Luiz  i,  Sao  Francisco  i. 
Piauhy:  Tronco  Falls,  below  Nova  York,  Rio  Parnahyba  2.  Goyaz:  Fazenda  de 
Thomas  da  Saga  i. 

a  Mr.  Ridgway  having  given  a  full  bibliography,  only  references  posterior  to  the 
appearance  of  his  work  are  here  quoted. 


n8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Caparo  and  Seelet,  Trinidad;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  439,  1907 — part,  excl.  Mexican  and  Guatemalan  references  and  localities; 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  284,  1907 — Itatiba,  Jundiahy,  and  Iguape1, 
Sao  Paulo;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca,  Costa  Rica;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purvis;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  502, 
1908 — Ilha  do  Papagaio,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  126, 
1908 — Cayenne  and  Tortue,  French  Guiana;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i, 
p.  42,  1909 — Ledesma,  Jujuy,  and  Las  Cuchillas,  Tucuman;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  340,  1910 — same  localities; 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  717,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  eggs 
descr.);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  587 — Sapucay  and  Ibitimi,  Paraguay;  HELL- 
MAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — 
Pard;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  481,  498,  1912 — 
Vera  Guarany,  Parand;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Alto  Parand; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  383,  1914 — Pard,  Ilha  das  Oncas,  Rio 
Guamd  (Ourem),  Rio  Moju,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Pinhel,  Papagaio),  Rio  Punis 
(Monte  Verde),  Maraj6  (Sao  Natal),  Obidos;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  459,  1917 — Los  Cisneros,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  and 
Cunday,  Colombia;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  98,  1918 — Santa  Ana, 
Misiones. 

Legatus  albicollis  albicoUis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1134 — Tad6, 
Colombia;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  232,  1916 — Orinoco 
region  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
62,  p.  77,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1918,  p.  265 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Legatus  leucophaius  leucophaius  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  14,  p.  283, 
1920  (crit.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  27,  1925 — Guarayos,  Bolivia. 

Legatus  leucophaius  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  361,  1922 — 
Bonda,  Minca,  Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  and  Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 

Range:  South  America,  from  northern  Argentina,  Paraguay,  and 
southern  Brazil  (Parana  and  Matto  Grosso)  to  Trinidad,  Venezuela, 
and  Colombia,  and  through  Panama  and  Costa  Rica  north  to  Nicar- 
agua8. 

20:  Brazil  (Murutucu,  Pard  2;  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio 
Branco  i;  Carolina,  Maranhao  i) ;  Argentina  (Cafetal,  Jujuy  i); 
Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i);  Peru  (Vista  Alegre  2, 
Yurimaguas  i);  Colombia  ("Bogota"  i);  British  Guiana  (Bartica 
Grove  i);  Panama  (Colon  i);  Costa  Rica  (Buenos  Aires  i,  Terraba 
i);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  3,  San  Geronimo,  Chinan- 
dega  3). 

•  After  examining  more  than  one  hundred-fifty  specimens  covering  its  whole  range, 
I  find  it  impossible  to  satisfactorily  subdivide  this  species  into  geographic  races, 
excepting  the  large  form  of  Guatemala  and  Mexico.  The  type  of  P.  leucophaius  agrees 
in  size  with  examples  from  French  and  British  Guiana.  Birds  from  southern  Brazil, 
Paraguay,  and  Argentina  average  somewhat  larger,  but  the  divergency  is  too  in- 
significant to  warrant  their  separation  (albicoUis). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  119 

*Legatus  leucophaius  variegatus  (Sclater)*.     GREATER  STRIPED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Elaenia  variegata  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "  1856,"  p.  297,  Jan.  1857 — Cor- 
doba, Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Legatus  albicollis  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  155, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Cordoba  and  Jalapa,  Mexico,  Las  Salinas,  Cahabon, 
and  Chisec,  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  439, 
1907 — part,  Mexican  and  Guatemalan  references  and  localities. 

Legatus  albicollis  variegatus  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Camp  Mengel,  Terre 
Quintana  Roo. 

Range:    Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,   Tabasco, 
Chiapas,  and  Quintana  Roo)  and  Guatemala. 

i:    Guatemala  (unspecified  i). 

Genus  SIRYSTES  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Sirystes  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  75,  1859 — type  by  monotypy 
Muscicapa  sibilator  VIEILLOT. 

*Sirystes  sibilator  sibilator  (  Vieillot}.    SIBILANT  SIRYSTES. 

Muscicapa  sibilator  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  21,  p.  457, 
1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  191,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  sibilans  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  54,  1823 — Sao 
Paulo. 

Myiarchus  sibilans  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  472,  1856 — Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Sirystes  sibilator  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  1868 — Cachoeirinha,  Goyaba, 
Ypanema,  and  Rio  Parand  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba  (Parand);  idem,  Nunq. 
otios.,  2,  p.  292,  1872 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  89, 
1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  135, 
1885 — Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  181,  1888 — "Pelotas"  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul),  "Rio  Claro,  Goyaz,"  Brazil; 
IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Rio  Grande  do 
Sul;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  199,  1899 — Iguape"  and  Piracicaba,  Sao 
Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo;  SALVADORI, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  17,  1900 — Tebicuari,  Paraguay; 
OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  136,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  287,  1907 — Piracicaba,  Iguap^,  Itarare, 
Avanhandava,  Bauru,  Rio  Feio,  Itapurd,  and  Ubatuba,  Sao  Paulo;  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  590 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  58, 
1913 — Alto  Parand;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  345,  1914 — Santa  Ana 
and  Iguazu,  Misiones. 

•  Legatus  leucophaius  variegatus  (SCLATER)  :    In  coloration  similar  to  L.  I.  leu- 
cophaius, but  decidedly  larger.    Wing  (male)  91-94,  (female)  87-92. 
Material  examined. — Mexico:  Vera  Cruz  3 ;  Guatemala  9. 


120  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Sirystes  sibilator  sibilator  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  49,  1908 — Fazenda  Es- 
peranga,  Goyaz  (diag.,  range). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  eastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia,  Minas  Ger- 
aes,  and  Goyaz  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Paraguay;  northeastern 
Argentina  (Misiones)*. 

5:  Brazil  (Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema, 
Sao  Paulo  i);  Argentina,  Misiones  (Puerto  Segundo  2,  Eldorado  2). 

Sirystes  sibilator  atimastus  Oberholserb.    PALE-RUMPED  SIRYSTES. 

Sirystes  sibilator  atimastus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  66,  1902 — 
Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  is,  p-  50  1908 — Chapada 
(diag.). 

Sirystes  sibilator  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  338, 
1 892 — Chapada. 

Sirystes  albocinereus  atimastus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  475,  1907. 

Range:    Southwestern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada). 

Sirystes  sibilator  albocinereus  Sclater  and  Sahin*.     WHITE-RUMPED 
SIRYSTES. 

Sirystes  albocinereus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  156 — Bogota 
(type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  181, 
pi.  14,  1888 — Bogotd,  Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Santa  Cruz  and  Iquitos  (Peru); 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis  (spec, 
examined);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  384,  1914 — part,  Bom  Lugar,  Rio 
Punis;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  463,  1917 — Barrigon, 
head  of  Rio  Meta,  Colombia. 

Sirystes  sibilator  albocinereus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  50,  1908  (crit.,  diag., 
range). 

a  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  i;  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Fazenda 
Esperanca,  Goyaz  i.  Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  3,  Ypanema  i,  Itarare  i,  Fazenda  Cayod  i ; 
Roca  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar,  Parand  2.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  i. 

b  Sirystes  sibilator  atimastus  OBERHOLSER:  Similar  to  5.  s.  sibilator  on  the  upper 
parts,  but  yellowish  tips  to  rump-feathers  more  extensive,  suggesting  a  pale  cross- 
band;  throat  and  foreneck  clearer  cinereous;  rest  of  under  parts  pure  white  like 
S.  s.  albocinereus.  Wing  89-93;  tail  80-87;  bill  18^-19. 

Material  examined. — Matto  Grosso:   Chapada  3. 

0  Sirystes  sibilator  albocinereus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Differs  from  the  preceding 
races  by  pure  gray  back  (without  any  olivaceous  tinge),  extensively  white  rump,  and 
by  having  the  upper  wing  coverts  narrowly  edged  with  white  instead  of  broadly 
tipped  with  dull  grayish  white;  under  parts  almost  entirely  white,  the  throat  but 
faintly  shaded  with  grayish ;  axillaries  and  under  wing  coverts  pure  white  instead  of 
pale  yellowish  gray.  Wing  96-99  (Amazonia),  92  (Bogota);  tail  80-89;  bill  18-20. 

Birds  from  Bogotd  (topotypical)  are  smaller  than  those  from  more  southern  lo- 
calities. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  2.  Ecuador:  Sarayacu  i.  Peru: 
Santa  Cruz  i,  unspecified  i.  Brazil:  Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  121 

Tyrannus  sp.  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  189 — Upper  Ucayali. 

Sirystes  albogriseus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1873,  p.  280 — Santa  Cruz,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  287,  1884 — 
Santa  Cruz. 

Range :  Upper  Amazonia,  from  the  headwaters  of  the  Rio  Meta  in 
Colombia  through  eastern  Ecuador  south  to  eastern  Peru  (Santa  Cruz, 
Iquitos)  and  western  Brazil  (Rio  Purus). 

Sirystes  sibilator  subcanescens  Todd*.    TODD'S  SIRYSTES. 

Sirystes  albocinereus  subcanescens  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.  72,  1920 — 
Upper  Rocana,  northern  Para,  Brazil. 

Sirystes  albocinereus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p.  384,  1914 — part,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Range :  Northeastern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon,  in  state  of  Para 
(Upper  Rocana;  Rio  Jamunda). 

Sirystes  sibilator  albogriseus  (Lawrence)*.    PANAMA  SIRYSTES. 

Lipaugus  albogriseus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  487,  1867 — 
Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Sirystes  albogriseus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  182,  1888 — Veragua; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  47,  pi.  37,  fig.  i,  1889 — 
Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  817,  1907 — Panama. 

Range:     Panama  (Lion  Hill  Station;  Veragua;  Nata-Cocle). 


Genus  MYIODYNASTES  Bonaparte0. 

Myiodynastes  BONAPARTEd,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  p.  35,  1857 — type  by 
monotypy  "Myiodynastes  audax  BONAPARTE  ex  GMELIN"  =  Muscicapa  audax 
GMELIN  =  Muscicapa  maculata  MULLER. 

•  Sirystes  sibilator  subcanescens  TODD:  Nearly  related  to  S.  s.  albocinereus,  but 
throat  and  breast  much  more  tinged  with  grayish,  this  color  extending  farther  down 
abdominally. 

A  single  female  from  the  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro)  appears  to  belong  to  this  recently 
described  race  of  which  I  have  seen  no  authentic  material. 

b  Sirystes  sibilator  albogriseus  (LAWRENCE)  :  Nearest  to  S.  s.  albocinereus,  but 
back  more  yellowish  gray,  and  larger  upper  wing  coverts  broadly  tipped  with  grayish 
white.  The  wing  markings  and  coloration  of  back  are  more  like  S.  s.  sibilator  from 
which  it  may,  however,  easily  be  told  by  the  white  rump  and  much  whiter  under 
parts. 

Material  examined. — "Veragua"  r. 

e  I  thoroughly  agree  with  Mr.  Ridgway's  contention  that  it  is  impracticable  to 
subdivide  the  genus  since  M.  solitarius,  in  shape  of  bill,  stands  just  between  M.  lute- 
iventris  and  M.  chrysocephalus. 

d  Nomennudumin  Compt.  Rend.  Ac.  Sci.  Paris,  38,  p.  657,  1854,  and  Not.  Orn. 
Coll.  Delattre,  p.  87,  1854. 


122  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Hypermitres  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  9,  p.  247,  1861 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Sca- 
phorkynchus  chrysocephalus  TSCHUDI. 

*Myiodynastes  luteiventris  Sclater.    SULPHUR-BELLIED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiodynastes  luteiventris  SCLATER*,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  42,  1859 — Vera  Paz, 
Guatemala,  and  Orizaba,  Mexico;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  537 — Monte- 
rico,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  290, 
1884 — Monterico,  Yurimaguas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  183, 
1888 — Mexico  to  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  48,  1889 — Arizona  to  Peru;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  656,  1907 — southern  Arizona  to  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography) ; 
BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Puntarenas,  Costa  Rica;  DEARBORN,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  103,  1907 — near  Patulul,  Guatemala; 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  691,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  PHILLIPS,  Auk, 
28,  p.  79,  1911 — Galindo,  Tamaulipas;  PETERS,  I.e.,  30,  p.  375,  1913 — Camp 
Mengel,  Terre.  Quintana  Roo;  SWARTH,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  40,  1914 — 
Arizona;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  463,  1917 — Chicoral, 
Magdalena  Valley,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  219,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo  and  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Myiodynastes  luteiventris  vicinior  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  I, 
p.  342,  1916 — Yurimaguas,  Peru. 

Myiodynastes  nobilis  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  183,  1888 — part,  spec,  d',  Sarayacu,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Southern  Arizona  and  southward  through  Central  America 
to  Panama,  Colombia  (Chicoral,  Magdalena  Valley),  eastern  Ecuador 
(Sarayacu),  Peru  (Yurimaguas;  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo),  and 
Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo) b. 

36:  Arizona  (Huachuca  Mountains  4);  Mexico  (Escuinapa,  Sin- 
aloa  i;  Colima,  Colima  7);  Guatemala  (Patulul,  Solola  2);  Nicaragua 
(San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  13);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i,  San  Jose  i, 
El  Poso  de  Terraba  i,  Terraba  i,  Navarro  i);  Peru  (Puerto  Arturo, 
Yurimaguas  i ;  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  2) ;  Bolivia  (Tres  Arroyos, 
Rio  Espirito  Santo  i). 

^Myiodynastes  maculatus  maculatus  Mutter}.  STREAKED  FLYCATCHER. 
Muscicapa  maculata  P.  L.  S.  MULLER,  Natursyst.,  Suppl.  p.  169,  1776 — based  on 

Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  453,  fig.  2,  Cayenne. 
Muscicapa  audax  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  934,  1789 — based  on  Daubenton, 

PI.  enl.  453,  fig.  2,  Cayenne. 

"Nomen  nudum  in  Compt.  Rend.  Ac.  Sci.  Paris,  38,  p.  657,  1854,  and  Not.  Orn. 
Coll.  Delattre,  p.  87,  1854. 

b  I  am  quite  unable  to  appreciate  any  difference  between  Peruvian  specimens 
(vicinior  Cory)  and  those  from  Central  America.  The  type  is  an  immature  bird 
without  yellow  crown  patch.  The  adults  recently  received  from  Peru  and  Bolivia 
may  average  somewhat  darker  buff  y  olive  above,  but  this  appears  to  be  chiefly  due  to 
their  fresher  plumage.  In  tail-markings  they  are  exactly  like  specimens  from  Arizona 
and  Central  America. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  123 

Tyrannus  audax  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20,  p.  330,  1847 — Tobago. 

Scaphorhynchus  audax  CABANIS  in  Schonnburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  699, 
1848 — British  Guiana. 

Myiodynastes  audax  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  p.  35,  1857 — • 
Cayenne;  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  86 — Trinidad;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  112, 
1868 — Borba  (Rio  Madeira),  Cajutuba,  Barra  [  =  Manaos],  Forte  do  Rio 
Branco,  and  Marabitanas  (Rio  Negro)  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
YIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — El  Pilar,  Bermudez;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  296 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat,  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  185,  1888 — El 
Pilar,  Trinidad,  Tobago,  Bartica  Grove,  Cayenne,  Manaos,  Iquitos;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  54,  1892 — El  Pilar,  Bermudez;  CHAPMAN, 
I.e.,  6,  p.  41,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  161 — 
Amapa;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez;  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  48,  1902 — Caicara  and  Quiribana  de  Caicara, 
Rio  Orinoco,  and  Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  13,  p.  24, 
1906 — Valencia,.  Pointe  Gourde,  and  Caparo,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I,  p.  190,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Myiobius  audax  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  219,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Myiodynastes  maculatus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  126,  1908 — Cayenne; 
HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  299,  1910 — Borba;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  383,  1914 — Cussary,  Mexiana,  Amapa,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Jamunda 
(Faro),  Maranhao;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.,  1913,  p.  204 — Cariaquito, 
Paria  Peninsula;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  206,  1921 — Upper  Takutu 
Mts.,  Ituribisi  River,  Bartica  Grove,  and  Abary  River. 

Myiodynastes  maculatus  maculatus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I, 
p.  364,  1908 — Aripo  and  Carenage,  Trinidad;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i, 
p.  97,  1909 — Guanoco  and  La  Brea,  Orinoco  delta;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Cajutuba,  near 
Para;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  120,  1912 — Mexiana;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  81,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia  and  Las  Quiguas, 
Carabobo;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  240,  1916 — from 
Ciudad  Bolivar  up  to  Caicara,  Orinoco  Valley;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  78,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Myiodynastes  nobilis  (not  of  SCLATER)  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  31, 
1909 — Mexiana  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Islands  of  Tobago  and  Trinidad ;  Venezuela,  from  the  Paria 
Peninsula  west  to  Carabobo  and  Aragua,  south  to  the  Orinoco  Valley; 
French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south  to  Maran- 
hao, west  to  Manaos  and  the  Rio  Madeira";  (?)  northern  Peru  (Iquitos). 

4:  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Branco  i) ;  Venezuela 
(Lake  Valencia,  Aragua  3). 

»  Birds  from  the  Venezuelan  north  coast  (inland  of  Cumana  and  Lake  Valencia 
region),  Trinidad,  and  Tobago  agree  perfectly  with  a  series  from  the  Guianas.  An 
adult  male  from  Miritiba  (Maranhao)  and  several  examples  from  the  lower  Amazon 
(Cajutuba,  near  Pard;  Borba,  Rio  Maderia;  Manaos;  Rio  Branco;  Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro)  are  not  different  either. 

Fifty-four  specimens  examined. 


124  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

^Myiodynastes  maculatus  nobilis  Sdater*.    NOBLE  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiodynastes  nobilis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  42,  1859 — Santa  Marta, 
Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  295,  1860 — Esmeraldas,  Ecuador;  WYATT,  Ibis, 
1871,  p.  333 — Bucaramanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,' p.  183,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  a-c',  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama,  Minca,  Valle  d'Upar,  Manaure, 
Santa  Marta,  Frontino,  Remedies,  Esmeraldas,  Balzar,  Santa  Rita. 

Myiodynastes  audax  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1875,  p.  237 — San  Cristobal,  Tachira;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  326 — 
Lechugal,  Peru;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  514 — Santa  Elena  and 
Frontino,  Colombia  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879, 
p.  201 — Manaure;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  303,  1884 — Bucaramanga; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  289,  1884— Lechugal;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  91 — Yaguachi;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  49,  1889 — part,  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  Colombia,  and 
Ecuador. 

Myiodynastes  audax  nobilis  RIDGWAY,  Man.  N.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  332,  1887 — part, 
Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  north  to  Costa  Rica;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  13,  p.  145,  1900 — Bonda,  Minca,  and  Cacagualito,  Santa  Marta  dis- 
trict; HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Carondelet,  Paramba,  and  San 
Javier,  Ecuador;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca,  Costa  Rica. 

Myiodynastes  maculatus  nobilis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  659,  1907 — Costa  Rica  to  Colombia  and  Ecuador  (monog.,  full  bibliogra- 
phy); CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  691,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  463,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Dabeiba, 
Puerto  Valdivia,  La  Manuelita,  Chicoral,  Puerto  Berrio,  Malena,  and  Cala- 
mar,  Colombia;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  266 — Gatun, 
Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  220,  1922 — 
Mt.  Sapo,  Darien. 

Myiodynastes  maculatus  maculatus  (not  of  MULLER)  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  344,  1922 — Bonda,  Buritaca,  Cacagualito,  Don  Diego, 
Cincinnati,  Minca,  Mamatoco,  and  La  Tigrera. 

Range:  Costa  Rica  and  Panama  and  southward  through  Colom- 
bia to  northwestern  Venezuela  (in  states  of  Zulia  and  Tachira)  and 
through  western  Ecuador  to  the  extreme  northwestern  section  of  Peru 
(Lechugal,  Rio  Zurumilla,  Prov.  Tumbez). 

15:  Costa  Rica  (Lagarto  2);  Panama  (Veragua  i,  El  Banco,  Chiri- 
qui  i ,  Colon  2) ;  Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San  Jose*  de 
Cucuta,  Santander  i);  Venezuela  (Rio  Cogollo  i,  Encontrados  2,  Cata- 
tumbo  River,  Zulia  i;  Colon,  Tachira  i;  La  Ortiza,  San  Cristobal, 
Tachira  i);  Ecuador  (Milagro  2). 

•  Myiodynastes  maculatus  nobilis  SCLATER  is  very  similar  to  M.  m.  maculatus,  but 
may  generally  be  distinguished  by  its  paler,  more  buffy  upper  side  and  by  having  the 
under  parts  more  suffused  with  yellowish  as  well  as  less  heavily  streaked. 

It  appears  to  me  that — if  two  races  be  separated — birds  from  northwestern 
Venezuela  (Zulia  and  Tachira)  must  go  with  nobilis  rather  than  maculatus. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  125 

Myiodynastes  maculatus  insolens  Ridgway*.    INSOLENT  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiodynastes  audax  insolens  RIDGWAY,  Man.  N.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  332,  502,  1887 — 
Mirador,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Myiodynastes  audax  (not  of  GMELIN)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  49,  1889 — part,  Mexico. 

Myiodynastes  maculatus  insolens  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  66 1,  1907 — southeastern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Range:    Southeastern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Tamaulipas,  Vera  Cruz, 
San  Luis  Potosi,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco,  Campeche,  and  Yucatan. 

^Myiodynastes  solitarius  (  Vieilloi).    SOLITARY  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannus  solitarius  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  35,  p.  88,  1819 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  196,  Paraguay. 

Megarynchus  regius  THUNBERGb,  Dissert.  Schaerstrom,  No.  4,  1824 — South 
America  (see  Heine,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  342,  1859). 

Tyrannus  audax  (not  Muscicapa  audax  GMELIN)  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci., 
Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst.,  20,  No.  40,  p.  270,  1826 — Brazil;  WIED,  Beitr. 
Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  889,  -1831 — Muribecca,  Rio  Itabapuana,  Espirito 
Santo;  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  43,  1837 — Santo  Coraz6n,  Chiquitos  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  305,  1839 — Corrientes,  Santa 
Cruz,  and  Chiquitos;  DESCOURTILZ,  Orn.  Bres.,  p.  20,  pi.  22,  fig.  3,  1856 — 
Brazil. 

Scaphorhynchus  audax  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  272,  1844 — Peru; 
idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  149,  1846 — forest  region  of  Peru;  BURMEISTER, 
Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  459,  1856 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  DOERING, 
Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  251,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes. 

Myiodynastes  audax  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  578 — Para. 

Myiodynastes  solitarius  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  74,  1859 — Brazil 
(diag.);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  112,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Goyao,  Ypa- 
nema,  Rio  dos  Piloens,  Marabitanas  (Rio  Negro),  Barra  do  Rio  Negro 
[  =  Manaos]  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  338 — Paracatu,  Curvelo,  and  Lagoa  Santa  (Minas  Geraes),  Sumi- 
douro  (Rio);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos, 
Yurimaguas,  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873, 
p.  280 — Yurimaguas,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros,  Pebas,  Peru;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  261,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  TAC- 
ZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  537 — Monterico,  Peru;  DURNFORD,  Ibis, 
1877,  p.  178 — Punta  Lara  and  Belgrano,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  60, 
Buenos  Aires  (soft  parts);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  20 — 
Chirimoto;  WHITE,  I.e.,  p.  607 — Campo  Santo,  Salta;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  201,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY., 
2,  p.  288,  1884 — Peruvian  localities;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges. 

5  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 

b  Evidently  referable  to  M.  solitarius,  not  to  M.  m.  maculatus. 


126  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Orn.,  2,  p.  135,  1885 — Taquara  and  Arroio  Grande,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  150,  1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  185,  1888 — eastern  Peru,  Sarayacu  (Ecuador), 
Bartica  Grove,  Para,  Bahia,  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Curytiba,  Sao 
Paulo,  Pelotas,  Punta  Lara;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12,  1887 — Lam- 
bare',  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  37,  p.  302, 1889 — Tarapoto,  Peru;  RIKER  and  CHAP- 
MAN, Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Santarem;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
4»  P-  338,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The 
Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1895, 
p.  216 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10, 
No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  365 — La  Gloria,  La  Merced,  Borgona,  Garita  del  Sol, 
Peru;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Mundo 
Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  199,  1899 — Cubatao,  Sao  Paulo;  idem, 
I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo  and  Cantagallo,  Rio;  LILLO,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  186,  1902 — Tucumdn,  Tapia,  Vipos,  Las  Tipas; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — same  localities;  LONNBERG, 
Ibis,  1903,  p.  470 — Tatarenda,  Bolivia;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  u,  p. 
255,  1904 — Jujuy;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman; 
MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  118,  1904 — Iracouba,  French 
Guiana  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  113, 
1906 — Huaynapata,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  48,  1907 — Teflfe, 
Rio  Solimoes;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  288,  1907 — Jaboticabal, 
Cubatao,  Itapurd  (Sao  Paulo),  Novo  Hamburgo  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul),  Var- 
gem  Alegre  (Minas  Geraes);  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  314,  1908 — Iracouba, 
French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  528,  1908 — Arumatheua, 
Rio  Tocantins;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  201,  1909 — 
Mocovi  (Chaco),  Tucuman,  La  Soledad  (Entrerios);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
p.  592 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  75,  1910 — Carnahyba,  near  Joazeiro,  (Bahia),  Olho  d'Agoa  and 
Serra,  near  Paranagua,  Pedrinha,  Lake  of  Paranagud  (Piauhy);  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  342,  1910 — Argentina;  HELLMAYR,  Abhdl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  25,  89,  1912 — Ipitinga,  Para; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  384,  1914 — Para,  Benevides,  Rio  Guama 
(Ourem),  Rio  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Santarem,  Boim), 
Rio  Maecuni;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1914 — Alto  Parana;  MENEGAUX, 
Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  58,  1917 — Corumbd,  Matto  Grosso;  DABBENE,  El 
Hornero,  i,  p.  238,  1919 — Isla  Martin  Garcia;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  21, 
1920 — Paysandii,  Rio  Negro,  and  Colonia,  Uruguay;  SERI£  and  SMYTH,  I.e., 
3,  p.  50,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  71,  1923 — La 
Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  169,  1923 — San  Isidro,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI, 
Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  648,  1924 — Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  18,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  133,  p.  332,  1926 — Puerto  Pinasco,  Paraguay. 

Myiodynastes  audax  solitarius  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci. 
Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Myiodynastes  solitarius  duncani  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  40,  p.  62,  1919 — Supe- 
naam,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  208,  1921 — Upper 
Takutu  Mts.,  Arawai  River,  Supenaam,  Bartica  Grove. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  127 

Range:  Argentina,  south  to  La  Rioja,  Cordoba,  and  Buenos  Aires; 
Paraguay ;  Uruguay ;  the  whole  of  Brazil ;  eastern  Bolivia ;  Peru ;  eastern 
Ecuador  (Sarayacu) ;  French  and  British  Guiana4. 

26:  Argentina  (El  Carrizal,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  i;  Rio  Paranay, 
Misiones  i);  Uruguay  (Quebrada  de  los  Cuervos  3);  Bolivia  (Buena- 
vista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  2) ;  Brazil  (Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy  i ,  Sao 
Marcello,  Rio  Preto  i;  Serra  Baturite*,  Ceara  i,  Quixada,  Ceara  2; 
Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  3;  Sao  Bento,  Maranhao  i,  Barra  do  Corda,  Maran- 
hao 3;  Santarem  i);  Peru  (Yurimaguas  i;  Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Huan- 
uco  i;  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  2);  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni 
River  2). 

Myiodynastes  bairdi  (Gambel)b.    BAIRD'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Saurophagus  bairdi  GAMBEL,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  (and  ser.),  i,  p.  40, 
1847 — "California,"  errore,  we  suggest  Guayaquil,  Ecuador. 

Tyrannus  atrifrons  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  "1857,"  p.  274,  Jan.  1858 — 
Guayaquil  (type)  and  Puna,  Ecuador. 

Myiodynastes  atrifrons  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  326 — Tumbez; 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  753 — Tumbez  (egg  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Chepen; 
idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  291,  1884 — Tumbez,  Chepen,  Guadalupe,  Peru. 

Myiodynastes  bairdi  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  324 — Puna,  Guayaquil,  Tumbez 
(crit.);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  556 — Guaya- 
quil; SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  186,  1888 — Tumbez,  San  Pedro, 
Guayaquil,  Balzar. 

Range:  Littoral  of  western  Peru  (in  prov.  Tumbez,  Lambayeque, 
and  Libertad)  and  southwestern  Ecuador  (Guayaquil  region). 

^Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  chrysocephalus  (Tschudi).    TSCHUDI'S 
GOLDEN-CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

Scaphorhynchus  chrysocephalus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  272,  1844 — 
Peru,  we  suggest  Valley  of  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin;  idem,  Faun.  Peru., 
Aves,  p.  150,  pi.  8,  fig.  i,  1846 — Peru. 

a  Birds  from  the  Guianas  (duncani)  and  lower  Amazonia  (Manaps,  Rio  Negro, 
Santarem,  Ipitinga)  appear  to  me  inseparable  from  South  Brazilian  and  Para- 
guayan examples  (solitarius),  although  they  generally  average  slightly  smaller. 

M.  solitarius  is  obviously  specifically  distinct  from  M.  m.  macidatus  from  which 
it  differs  by  much  blacker  back,  much  more  heavily  striped  under  parts,  and  much 
narrower  rufous  edges  to  the  rectrices.  In  the  northern  parts  of  its  range,  it  lives 
side  by  side  with  M.  m.  maculatus.  I  have  examined  specimens  of  both  species  from 
the  Rio  Rupununi  and  Bartica  Grove  (British  Guiana),  Manaos,  and  Miritiba 
(Maranhao).  In  spite  of  Sclater's  contrary  assertion,  I  have  not  seen  any  interme- 
diates among  the  large  series  examined. 

Fifty-nine  specimens  from  various  countries  (except  Ecuador)  compared. 

b  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species  which,  judging  from  published  descrip- 
tions, appears  to  be  very  distinct. 


128  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  SCLATER  and.  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16 — 
Huiro,  Urubamba;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  537 — Ropaybamba;  idem, 
l.c.,  1882,  p.  21 — Huambo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  293,  1884 — Ropaybamba, 
Huambo,  Huiro;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  187,  1888 — part,  Peru; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  366 — Garita  del  Sol; 
idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  88,  1906 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  chrysocephalus  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  p.  56,  1920 — Chuhuasi,  Serra  of  Carabaya;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  96,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru  (from  the  valley  of  Huayabamba 
south  to  Carabaya) a. 

i :     Peru  (Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  i). 

^Myiodynastes   chrysocephalus   minor    Taczanowski  and    Berlepsch*. 
LESSER  GOLDEN-CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  minor  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1885,  p.  91 — Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  464,  1917 — La  Frijolera,  Las  Lomitas, 
San  Antonio,  Miraflores,  Salento,  near  San  Agustin,  La  Palma,  Andalucia, 
Buenavista  (above  Villavicencio),  Colombia. 

Pitangus  chrysocephalus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150, 
1855 — part,  Bogota. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  143,  1859 — Palla- 
tanga;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  63,  1860 — Chillanes;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  92,  1860 — Nanegal; 
idem  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  514 — Concordia,  Colombia;  BERLEPSCH  and 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  296 — Surupata,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  187,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-k,  Pallatanga,  Sical,  Concordia, 
Bogota;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  10, 
1899 — Gualea  and  Nanegal,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  706 — 
Gualea. 

Megarhynchus  chrysocephalus  minor  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gebgr.  Mes.  Arc 
Mend.  Equat.,  9,  p.  656,  1911 — Maquina,  near  San  Nicolas. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  Mount- 
tains)  and  Ecuador. 

•  Material  examined. — Peru:  Chuhuasi,  Carabaya  3;  Marcapata,  alt.  2000  metr., 
Dept.  Cuzco  3;  Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  i;  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc,  Dept. 
Junin  i;  Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  i. 

b  Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  minor  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  to 
M.  c.  chrysocephalus,  of  Peru,  but  back  of  a  darker,  more  brownish  olive;  edges  to 
quills  and  wing-coverts  wider  and  decidedly  cinnamon-rufous  instead  of  tawny-buff; 
quill-lining  tinnamomeous  instead  of  yellowish;  foreneck  much  more  strongly  tinged 
with  buff;  breast  more  distinctly  streaked;  size  smaller. 

Birds  from  the  West  Colombian  Andes  of  Colombia,  except  in  being  rather  larger, 
agree  with  those  from  Ecuador,  while  Bogota  skins  form  the  transition  to  M.  c.  in- 
termedius.  Eleven  specimens  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  129 

2:  Colombia  (La  Frijolera,  Antioquia  i,  Salento,  West  Quindio 
Andes,  Cauca  i). 

^Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  intermedius   Chapman*.     INTERMEDI- 
ATE GOLDEN-CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  intermedius  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
31,  p.  152,  July  1912 — Las  Nubes,  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta,  Colombia; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  343,  1922 — La  Concepcion, 
Las  Nubes,  El  Libano,  Cincinnati,  Chirua,  and  Heights  of  Chirua;  CHAPMAN, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  191,  p.  10,  1925 — Carapas,  Bermudez. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  venezuelanus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  82,  Sept.  1912 — La  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo,  Vene- 
zuela. 

Scaphorhynchus  chrysocephalus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  n, 
p.  5,  1848 — Caracas  (descr.). 

Pitangus  chrysocephalus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150,  1855 — part,  Vene- 
zuela. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — 
Me'rida;  idem,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  237 — San  Cristobal,  Tachira;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  187,  1888 — part,  spec.  1-n,  Caracas  and  San  Cristobal, 
Venezuela;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  158,  1898 — Pueblo  Viejo; 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  176,  1898 — San  Francisco;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
13,  p.  146,  1900 — El  Libano,  Valparaiso,  and  Las  Nubes. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Venezuela  (from  Bermudez 
west  to  Carabobo,  Me'rida,  and  Tachira)  and  northern  Colombia 
(Santa  Marta  region). 

2:    Venezuela  (Valle,  Sierra  of  Me'rida  i;  Colon,  Tachira  i). 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  cinerascens   Toddb.     TODD'S  GOLDEN- 
CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

a  Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  intermedius  CHAPMAN  :  Agreeing  with  M.  c.  minor 
in  dark  color  of  back  and  amount  of  rufous  edging  on  wings;  but  larger  and  breast  but 
faintly  streaked  with  grayish.  Wing  99-105;  tail  83-89;  bill  21^-24^. 

Direct  comparison  of  the  original  series  of  M.  c.  venezuelanus  with  five  topotypes 
from  the  Santa  Marta  region  demonstrates  their  absolute  identity.  Specimens  from  near 
Caracas  and  one  from  El  Guacharo,  Bermudez  are  not  different  either. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  El  Guacharo,  Bermudez  i ;  Galipan,  Cerro  del 
Avila  5,  Silla  de  Caracas  2;  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  7.  Colombia;  Valparaiso, 
Santa  Marta  region  5. 

b  Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  cinerascens  TODD:  Similar  to  M.  c.  intermedius, 
but  back  grayer,  with  little  greenish  tinge,  almost  concolorous  with  crown;  super- 
ciliaries  pure  white  instead  of  buffy;  crown-patch  paler,  citron  yellow;  under  parts 
decidedly  paler  yellow,  with  less  buffy  suffusion  on  throat  and  hardly  any  streaking 
on  chest;  under  tail  coverts  white. 

From  a  cursory  examination  of  the  unique  type  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  this 
is  merely  an  individual  variant  of  M.  c.  intermedius.  This  theory  is  also  supported 


130  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  cinerascens  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  8,  p.  209  , 
1912 — Paramo  de  Rosas,  State  of  Lara,  Venezuela  (type  examined). 

Range:    Northern  Venezuela  (Paramo  de  Rosas,  State  of  Lara). 

*Myiodynastes    chrysocephalus   hemichrysus    (Cabanis)*.     GOLDEN- 
BELLIED  FLYCATCHER. 

Hypermitres  hemichrysus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  9,  p.  247,  1861 — Costa  Rica. 

Myiodynastes  supercUiaris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  470, 
May  1867 — Barranca,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  198 — 
Chitra,  Calovevora,  and  Calobre,  Veragua. 

Myiodynastes  hemichrysus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  114, 
1868 — Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  188,  1888 — Calove- 
vora and  Calobre,  Veragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves, 
2,  p.  50,  pi.  38,  fig.  i,  1889 — Costa  Rica  and  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  662,  1907 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama 
(monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  690,  1910 — Azahar  de  Cart- 
ago,  Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268, 
1910 — Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiri- 
qui  and  Veragua). 

7:    Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  7). 

Genus  MEGARYNCHUS  Thunberg. 

Megarynchus  THUNBERG,  Dissert,  de  genere  Megaryncho  praes.  Schaerstrom, 
p.  2,  1824 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (SCLATER  1888)  Lanius  pitangua  LINNAEUS. 

Scaphorynchus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  982,  1831 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Scaphorynchus  sulphuratus  WIED  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  =  Lanius  pitangua 
LINNAEUS. 

Megastoma  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  225,  1837  (generic  characters);  idem, 
Anim.  Menag.,  p.  285,  1838 — species:  Megastoma  flaviceps,  M.  ruficeps,  and 
M.  atriceps  (=juv.)  =  Lanius  pitangua  LINNAEUS. 

*Megarynchus    pitangua   pitangua    (Linnaeus).     BOAT-BILLED    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Lanius  pitangva  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i2th  ed.,  i,  p.  136,  1766 — based  on  Brisson 
(ex  MARCGRAVE),  eastern  Brazil. 

by  geographic  reasons,  since  the  last-named  form  ranges  from  the  Venezuelan  north 
coast  mountains  south  to  Merida,  while  cinerascens — if  really  distinct — would  occupy 
an  isolated  spot  in  the  center  of  this  area. 

•  Myiodynastes  chrysocephalus  hemichrysus  (CABANIS)  differs  immediately  from 
the  southern  race  by  the  much  deeper  yellow,  wholly  unstreaked  under  parts,  leav- 
ing only  the  chin  white,  and  by  lacking  the  conspicuous  rufous  edges,  to  the  rectrices. 
In  wing-markings  it  more  nearly  resembles  M.  c.  chrysocephalus. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  131 

Tyrannus  bentaveo  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Amdr.  Sept.,  i,  p.  IV,  pi.  i,  fig.  16 
(bill),  1807  (?) — no  locality  stated. 

Tyrannus  carnivorus  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  me'th.,  Orn.,  livr.  91,  p.  847,  1822 — 
new  name  for  Lanius  pitangva  LINNAEUS. 

Megarynchus  pitangua  THUNBERG,  Dissert.  Schaerstrom,  No.  i,  1824  (see  Keine, 
Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  339,  1859). 

Tyrannus  pitangua  SWAINSON,  Quart.  Journ.  Sci.,  Litt.  and  Arts  Roy.  Inst.,  20, 
No.  40,  p.  270,  1826 — intertropical  countries  of  America. 

Tyrannus  magnirostris  SWAINSON  in  Richardson,  Faun.  Bor.-Amer.,  2,  p.  484, 
1831 — new  name  for  Lanius  pitangva  LINNAEUS. 

Scaphorynchus  sulphuratus  (not  Lanius  sulphuratus  LINNAEUS)  WIED,  Beitr. 
Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  983,  1831 — Brazil. 

Megastoma  flaviceps  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  285,  1838 — northern  Brazil. 
Megastoma  ruficeps  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  285,  1838 — southern  Brazil. 
Megastoma  atriceps  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  285,  1838 — Brazil  (=juv.). 

Scaphorhynchus  pitangua  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  474,  1851 
(crit.,  variation);  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  458,  1856 — 
Novo  Friburgo  (habits,  nest,  and  eggs). 

Megarhynchus  pitangua  HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  345,  1859  (synon.);  TAYLOR, 
Ibis,  1864,  p.  86 — Trinidad;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  578 
— Mexiana;  idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  168 — Carupano,  Bermudez;  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  112,  1868 — Sapitiba  and  Registo  do  Sai  (Rio),  Ypanema  and 
Itarar6  (Sao  Paulo),  Cuyaba  (Matto  Grosso);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd. 
naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  337 — Lagoa  Santa,  Juiz  de  Fora,  and  Uberaba 
(Minas  Geraes),  Sumidouro  (Rio),  Campinas  and  Hytti  (Sao  Paulo);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879, 
p.  201 — Atanques,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  125 — Santa  Marta;  TAC- 
ZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  294,  1884 — Montana  del  Pangoa,  Peru;  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  296 — Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  189,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  z-f,  l'-t',  Santa  Marta,  Atanques,  Venezuela,  Roraima,  Iquitos, 
Mexiana,  Bahia,  "Rio  Claro,  Goyaz,"  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio,  Sao  Paulo, 
Brazil;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12,  1887 — Lambare',  Paraguay;  idem, 
1-c.,  37t  P-  302,  1889 — Tarapoto,  Peru;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  270, 
1890 — Santarem;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  45, 
1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  338,  1892 — 
Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  6,  p.  41,  1894 — Princestown,  Trini- 
dad; BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  137,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  176,  1898 — Palomina;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  199,  1899 — 
Ilha  de  Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo 
and  Cantagallo;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  145,  1900 — 
Bonda  and  Minca;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  6, 
1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
p.  48,  1902 — Caicara,  Altagracia,  Maipures,  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco, 
and  Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  113, 
1906 — Rio  Cadena,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  25,  1906 — Caparo, 
Laventille,  Pointe  Gourde,  and  Chaguaramas,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus. 


132  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  I,  p.  190,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  362, 
1908 — Carenage  and  Aripo,  Trinidad;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  288, 
1907 — Ypiranga,  Jundiahy,  and  Sao  Sebastiao,  S&o  Paulo;  BERLEPSCH, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  126,  1908 — Cayenne;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12, 
1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Purus;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  528,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio 
Tocantins;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  592 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911^ 
p.  120 — Villa  Pilar,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  434,  1910 — Santa  Ana,  Misiones;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  75,  1910 — Rio  Preto  (Bahia)  and  Lake  Parnagua,  Piauhy; 
CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  482,  498,  1912 — Fer- 
nandez Pinheiro,  Parana;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  205 — 
Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto 
Parana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  384,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins 
(Cameta,  Arumatheua),  Cussary,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Goyana),  Rio  Purus  (Bom 
Lugar),  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  241,  1916 — from  the  delta  up  to  San  Fernando  de  Atabapo,  Orinoco  River; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  464,  1917 — Chicoral,  Colombia; 
MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  58,  1917 — Caceres,  Matto  Grosso; 
LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  100,  1920 — Bahia;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  209,  1921 — Mt.  Roraima,  Ituribisi,  Georgetown,  and  Mazaruni 
River;  PINTO-PEIXOTO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  263,  1923 — 
Monte-Serrat,  Itatiaya. 

Megarhynchus  pitangua  pitangua  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  51,  1908 — Rio 
Thesouras  and  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  97, 
1909 — Cano  Colorado,  Orinoco  delta;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  120,  1912 — Mexiana;  HELLMAYR  and 
SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  83,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo, 
Venezuela;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  78,  1918 — 
vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Megarhynchus  chrysogaster  (not  of  SCLATER)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  208, 
1866— Trinidad. 

[Megarhynchus  pitangua}  parvirostris  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i, 
P-  363,  in  text,  1908 — Trinidad. 

Megarynchus  pitangua  pitangua  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  342,  1922 — Bonda,  Minca,  Mamatoco,  and  La  Tigrera. 

Range:  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district  and  Magdalena  Valley); 
Venezuela;  Trinidad;  British,  Dutch,  and  French  Guiana;  Brazil,  south 
to  Sao  Paulo,  Parana,  and  Matto  Grosso;  Paraguay;  northeastern  Argen- 
tina (Misiones);  Bolivia;  eastern  Perua. 

23:  Peru  (Moyobamba  3,  Rioja  i,  Yurimaguas  i);  Venezuela  (Lake 
Valencia  i;  Maracay,  Aragua  4;  Caracas  2;  Macuto,  Caracas  2;  Colon, 

*  Specimens  from  southern  Brazil  and  Paraguay  average  somewhat  larger  and 
darker  than  those  from  the  north,  though  there  is  much  individual  variation.  The 
Trinidad  form  (parvirostris  CHERRIE)  does  not  appear  to  be  separable  either;  while 
some  specimens  have  a  rather  small  bill,  as  claimed  by  Cherrie,  the  majority  are  not 
distinguishable  from  mainland  birds. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Caparo  n,  Aripo  2.  Venezuela  17.  British 
Guiana:  Demeraras.  French  Guiana:  Cayenne  i.  Brazil:  RioBranco2,  Maranhao  3, 
Bahia  5,  Sao  Paulo  4,  Goyaz  i,  Matto  Grosso  i.  Paraguay:  Lambare'  i.  Peru  5. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  133 

Tachira  i;  Cumana  i);  Brazil  (Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  i,  Boa  Vista, 
Rio  Branco  i;  Rosario,  Maranhao  i,  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i,  Alto 
Parnahyba,  Maranhao  i;  Philadelphia,  Goyaz  i);  Argentina  (Puerto 
Segundo,  Misiones  i). 

*Megarynchus  pitangua  chrysogaster  Sclater*.     ECUADORIAN  BOAT- 
BILLED  FLYCATCHER. 

Megarhynchus  chrysogaster  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  281,  1860 — Babahoyo, 

Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  295,  1860 — Esmeraldas. 
Megarhynchus  pitangua  chrysogaster  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1883,  p.  557 — Guayaquil  and  Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  91 — Ya- 

guachi;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  488,  1898 — Chimbo. 
Megarhynchus  pitangua  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 

p.  189,  1888 — part.  spec,  g'-k',  Santa  Rita,  Babahoyo,  Esmeraldas,  "Quito"; 

SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  10,  1899 — 

Gualea  and  Nanegal;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  706 — Gualea. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  (from  Esmeraldas  to 
Guayaquil). 

i:    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

*Megarynchus  pitangua  mexicanus   (Lafresnaye) .     MEXICAN  BOAT- 
BILLED  FLYCATCHER. 

Scaphorhynchus  mexicanus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  473,  1851 — 
Mexico. 

Megarhynchus  mexicanus  HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  346,  1859  (crit.);  CABANIS, 
I.e.,  9,  p.  246,  1861 — Costa  Rica. 

Megarhynchus  pitangua  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p. 
189,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-y,  Mexico  to  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GOD  MAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  51,  1889 — part,  Mexico  to  Panama. 

Megarhynchus  pitangua  mexicanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  665,  1907 — southeastern  Mexico  to  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography); 
DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  103,  1907 — Los  Ama- 
tes,  El  Rancho,  Patulul,  and  Mazatenango,  Guatemala;  FERRY,  I.e.,  p.  268, 
1910 — Guayabo  and  Port  Limon,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  689,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest,  and  eggs);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  266 — Fort  Lorenzo,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  318, 
1924 — Rio  Algarroba,  Panama. 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Tamaulipas,  Vera  Cruz, 
San  Luis  Potosi,  Puebla,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco,  Yucatan,  and  Chiapas), 

•  Megarynchus  pitangua  chrysogaster  SCLATER:  Similar  to  M.  p.  pitangua,  but 
under  parts  slightly  richer  yellow;  rufous  edges  to  remiges  and  upper  wing  coverts 
much  more  conspicuous;  crown  patch  apparently  always  tawny-orange,  never 
yellow;  size  the  same. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Esmeraldas  i,  Gualea  2,  Chimbo  3. 


134  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

south  through  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica  to 
Panama. 

32:  Mexico  (Tampico,  Tamaulipas  5;  Valles,  San  Luis  Potosi  i; 
Yucatan  i);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  i,  Mazatenango  i,  El 
Rancho,  Zacapa  2,  Patulul,  Solola  2,  unspecified  i);  Nicaragua  (San 
Geronimo,  Chinandega  5) ;  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  6,  Port  Limon  4,  San 
Jos6  i,  Boruca  i,  Buenos  Aires  i). 

Megarynchus  pitangua  caniceps  Ridgway*.    JOUY'S  BOAT-BILLED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Megarynchus  pitangua  caniceps  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  116, 
1906 — Barranca  Veltran,  Jalisco;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  667,  1907 — same  locality. 

Range:    Western  Mexico,  in  State  of  Jalisco  (Barranca  Veltran). 

Genus  CONOPIAS  Cabanis  and  Heine". 

Conopias  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  62,  1859 — type  by  monotypy 
Tyrannula  superciliosa  SWAINSON  =  Muscicapa  trivirgata  WIED. 

Conopias  trivirgata  trivirgata  (Wied).    THREE-STRIPED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  trivirgata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  871,  1831 — Bahia. 
Tyrannula  superciliosa  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Drawings,  Part  4,  pi.  46,  1836  (?) — 
Brazil. 

Conopias  superciliosa  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  1868 — Ypanema. 

Conopias  trivirgata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  173,  1888 — Bahia,  Brazil; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  234,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  type); 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  286,  1907 — Jaboticabal,  Sao  Paulo;  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  589 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires, 
18,  p.  341,  1910 — Alto  Parand,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 
— Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  344,  1914 — 
Santa  Ana,  Misiones. 

Myiarchus  stauffacherianus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  117,  1901 — Puerto 
Bertoni,  Paraguay. 

Conopias  trivirgata  trivirgata  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  I2,p.i37,  19^5 — 
Braco  do  Sul,  near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Sao 
Paulo;  Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones) c. 

•  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 

b  Whether  Myiackptes  REICHENBACH  (Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  67, 1850)  was  really  based 
upon  this  species,  as  Gray  (Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  49, 1855)  suggests,  appears 
to  me  extremely  questionable. 

•  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  i ;  Braco  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo  2 ;  Ypanema, 
Sao  Paulo  5.   Paraguay:  Sapucay  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  135 

Conopias  trivirgata  berlepschi  Snethlage*.    BERLEPSCH'S  THREE-STRIPED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Conopias  trivirgata  berlepschi  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  22,  p.  42,  1914 — 
Faro,  Rio  Jamundd,  Brazil;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  385,  499,  1914 — 
same  locality  (type  examined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon 
(Faro,  Rio  Jamunda). 

Conopias  cinchoneti  (Tschudi)b.     CINCHON  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannus  cinchoneti  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  272,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  151,  pi.  8,  fig.  2,  1846 — Peru  (type  in  Berlin  Museum 
examined). 

Tyrannula  icterophrys  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  8,  p.  341,  1845 — Bogota. 
Tyrannula  cinchoneti  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  n,  p.  7,  1848  (crit.);  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota. 

Conopias  cinchoneti  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  756 — Peru  and  Bogota; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  285,  1884  (ex  TSCHUDI);  TACZANOWSKI  and 
BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  91 — Machay,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  174,  1888 — Bogota;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  462,  1917 — La  Frijolera,  Rio  Lima,  Miraflores,  and  Aguadita,  Colom- 
bia; idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  96,  1921 — Idma,  Urubamba  Valley, 
Peru. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  region), 
eastern  Ecuador  (Machay),  and  Peru  (Pozuzo,  Dept.  Huanuco;  Cin- 
chon  region,  Dept.  Junin;  Idma,  Dept.  Cuzco)0. 

Conopias  inornata  (Lawrence)*.    WHITE-THROATED  FLYCATCHER. 

•  Conopias  trivirgata  berlepschi  SNETHLAGE:  Differs  from  C.  t.  trivirgata  by 
smaller  size;  slenderer  bill;  much  lighter,  more  yellowish  green  upper  parts,  with  the 
crown  less  blackish,  and  longer  greenish  tips  to  the  tail-coverts;  much  wider  and  more 
abruptly  defined,  yellowish  gray  aoical  edges  to  the  wing-coverts;  clearer  lemon 
yellow  under  parts,  without  greenish  shading  on  chest  and  sides.  Wing  (male)  66 
(against  70-73);  tail  54  (against  62-65);  bill  15. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Faro  (the  type)  i. 

b  Conopias  cinchoneti  (TSCHUDI),  by  its  longer  and  decidedly  wider  bill,  approaches 
Coryphotriccus  while  in  color  pattern  it  is  more  like  C.  trivirgata. 

0  Colombian  specimens  do  not  seem  to  differ  either  in  coloration  or  size. 

Measurements 

Wing  Tail  Bill 

Unsexed  type  of  C.  cinchoneti  from  Peru  86 %  7Q>£  J6K 

One  female  from  Pozuzo,  Huanuco,  Peru  76  69  16 

One  female  from  Machay,  Ecuador  78^  66J4  17 

One  female  from  Rio  Lima,  Cauca,  Colombia  79  67 >£  16^ 

Two  unsexed  adults  from  Bogota  81^,83;  67,70^;  i6K,i7>£ 

d  Conopias  inornata  (LAWRENCE)  is  again  somewhat  aberrant.  Count  Berlepsch 
(Ornis,  14,  p.  475,  1907)  was  inclined  to  refer  it  to  Myiozetetes,  and  it  may  eventually 
deserve  generic  separation.  No  specimen  is  at  present  available. 


136  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiozetetes  inornatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  268,  1869 — 
Valencia,  Venezuela;  FINSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  569 — "Trinidad" 
(errore). 

Conopias  inornata  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  174,  1888 — Venezuela  and 
"Trinidad";  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  47,  1902 — Ciudad 
Bolivar,  Altagracia,  and  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco  (spec,  examined);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  238,  1916 — from  Ciudad  Bolivar  up  to 
Maipures  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Range :  Plains  of  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley,  from  Ciudad  Bolivar 
up  to  Maipures  and  San  Fernando  de  Apure;  plains  of  Valencia,  State 
of  Carabobo) ». 

Genus  CORYPHOTRICCUS  Ridgway^. 

Coryphotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  115,  1906 — type  Pitangus 
albovittatus  LAWRENCE. 

^Coryphotriccus  parvus  parvus  (Pelzeln).    LESSER  YELLOW-CROWNED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Pitangus  parvus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  181,  1868 — Marabitanas,  Rio 
Negro  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  296 — 
Camacusa  and  Merume"  Mts.,  British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  179,  1888 — Merume"  Mts.,  Camacusa,  Carimang  River,  and  Oyapock; 
CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  204,  1921 — Ituribisi  and  Supenaam  Rivers, 
Merume'  Mts.,  Carimang  River,  Camacusa. 

Coryphotriccus  parvus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  126,  1908 — Cayenne,  French 
Guiana. 

Conopias  parva  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  385,  1914 — Brazil. 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana,  and  northern  Brazil  (Mara- 
bitanas, Rio  Negro)0. 

i:    British  Guiana   (Ourumee   i). 

Coryphotriccus  parvus  albovittatus  (Lawrence}*-    WHITE-RINGED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

•  Material  examined. — Venezuela:    Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco  8,  San  Fernando, 
Rio  Apure  i. 

b  The  genus  Coryphotriccus  RIDGWAY  is  most  nearly  allied  to  Conopias,  but  differs 
by  its  relatively  much  larger  bill  which  is  both  wider  and  longer  (exposed  oilmen 
about  equal  to  tarsus). 

•  Material  examined. — Brazil:     Marabitanas   (the  type)    i.     British   Guiana: 
Camacusa  3,  Merume'  Mts.  2,  Ourumee  i. 

d  Coryphotriccus  parvus  albovittatus  (LAWRENCE)  :  Similar  to  C.  p.  parvus,  but 
throat  white  (instead  of  yellow  like  the  rest  of  the  under  parts)  and  back  more  green- 
ish. Wing  (male)  81  (N6vita),  87  (Bulun);  tail  69,  71^2;  bill  17,  19. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  N6vita  i.  Ecuador:  Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas, 
alt.  loo  ft.  (Nov.  25,  1900.  G.  Flamming,  Tring  Museum)  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  137 

Pitangus  albovittatus  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  4,  p.  n,  1862 — Isthmus  of  Panama;  idem, 
Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  471,  1862 — Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  179,  1888 — Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  46,  1889 — Panama. 

Coryphotriccus  albovittatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  669, 
1907 — eastern  Panama;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1134 — N6vita, 
Rio  Tamana,  Colombia. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Railroad  line)  and  through  Pacific  Col- 
ombia (N6vita,  Rio  Tamana)  south  to  northwestern  Ecuador  (Bulun, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

Coryphotriccus  parvus  distinctus  Ridgway*.     COSTA  RICAN  WHITE- 
RINGED  FLYCATCHER. 

Coryphotriccus  albovittatus  distinctus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  p.  191, 
1908 — Rio  Reventaz6n,  near  Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  p.  689,  1910 — same  locality. 

Range:    Eastern  Costa  Rica  (Rio  Reventaz6n,  near  Guayabo). 

Genus  MYIOZETETES  Sclaterb. 

Myiozetetes  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  46,  1859 — type  by  orig.  desig.  "Elainia 
cayennensis"  =  Muscicapa  cayanensis  LINNAEUS. 

Myiozetetes   cayanensis    erythropterus    (Lafresnaye)e.     RED-WINGED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannula  erythroptera  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  56,  1853 — Brazil. 

Myiozetetes  erythropterus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  751 — Minas  Geraes 
(descr.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  159,  1888 — Brazil. 

Myiozetetes  cayanensis  erythroptera  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
22,  No.  3,  p.  650,  1906 — Brazil  (diag.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  49,  1908 — 
Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Santa  ¥6,  Minas  Geraes. 

Range :  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  southern 
Minas  Geraes  (Santa  Fe"). 

8  Coryphotriccus  parvus  distinctus  RIDGWAY:  Stated  to  differ  from  C.  p.  albovit- 
tatus by  larger  size,  more  grayish  olive  back,  paler  (light  canary  yellow  instead  of 
lemon  yellow)  under  parts,  and  more  extensive  black  area  on  sides  of  head.  Wing  87; 
tail  68;  bill  15^- 

This  form,  based  upon  a  single  example  is  unknown  to  me.  The  supposed  larger 
size  does  not  seem  to  hold  good,  since  a  male  from  Ecuador  is  even  larger  than  the 
type  of  C.  p.  distinctus. 

b  Myiozeta  BONAPARTE  1854  is  a  nomen  nudum. 

•  Myiozetetes  cayanensis  erythropterus  (LAFRESNAYE)  :  Nearly  allied  to  M.  c. 
cayanensis,  but  larger  and  with  the  two  basal  thirds  of  both  webs  of  the  primaries 
rufous,  forming  a  large  patch  on  the  wing.  Wing  97-102;  tail  81-88;  bill  14-15^. 

Material  examined. — Rio  de  Janeiro  4,  Santa  Fe",  Minas  Geraes  i. 


138  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Myiozetetes    cayanensis    cayanensis    (Linnaeus').      CAYENNE    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Muscicapa  cayanensis  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  12  (i),  p.  327,  1766 — based  on  Bris- 

son,  Orn.,  2,  p.  404,  pi.  38,  fig.  4,  1760,  Cayenne. 
Myiozetetes  guianensis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  61,  1859 — Guiana 

and  Surinam. 

Muscipeta  cayennensis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — Mojos,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  317,  1839 — Rio  Blanco  and  Rio  Itonama,  Prov.  Mojos, 
Bolivia. 

Elaenea  cayanensis  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  701,  1848 
— British  Guiana. 

Myiozetetes  cayennensis  (cayanensis)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  577 — Para;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  109,  1868 — Engenho  do  Gama, 
Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  295 — Bartica  Grove 
and  Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  160,  1888 — part,  spec., 
s-x,  Roraima,  Bartica  Grove,  Cayenne,  Para;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7, 
p.  270,  1890 — Diamantina,  Santarem;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
4»  P-  337.  J&92 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Paris, 
to,  p.  118,  1904 — Mahury,  French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  293, 
JQQS — Igarape'-Assu,  Para;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  127,  1908 — Cayenne  and 
Roche-Marie,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  386, 
1914 — Para,  Providencia,  Quatipuru,  Rio  Moju,  Arumanduba;  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  196,  1921 — numerous  localities  in  British  Guiana. 

Myiozetetes  cayanensis  cayanensis  HELLMAYR,  Abhdl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  649,  1906 — part,  excl.  Bogota  and  western  Ecuador  (crit.);  idem, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  361,  1906 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para;  idem,  I.e.,  15, 
p.  48,  1908 — Goyaz,  Rio  Araguaya,  and  Faz.  Esperanga,  Goyaz,  and  Rio 
Jordao,  Araguay,  Minas  Geraes  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  444,  1907 — part,  Guianas,  Bolivia,  and  Brazil;  (?)  BEEBE,  Zoologica 
(N.  Y.),  i,  p.  97,  1909 — Rio  Guarapiche,  Orinoco  delta;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  24,  89,  1912 — Para,  Rio 
Muria,  Igarape'-Assu,  Sao  Antonio,  Ipitinga,  Para  district;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  108, 
1912 — Mexiana;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  77, 
1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo  and  Lelydorp,  Surinam;  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  32,  p.  27,  1925 — Bolivia. 

Myiozetetes  columbianus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  109,  1868 — part,  Rio  Muria,  near  Para  (spec,  examined). 

Muscicapa  similis  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  18,  pi.  25,  1825 — descr.  part,  Amazon 
River. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  from 
the  confines  of  Guiana  south  to  Maranhao,  Goyaz  (Rio  Araguaya), 
western  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  Jordao,  Araguary),  and  Matto  Grosso; 
eastern  Bolivia  (Mojos)  *. 

*  Birds  from  British  Guiana  appear  to  me  inseparable  from  those  of  French 
Guiana  and  Brazil,  although  they  sometimes  have  more  rufous  on  the  outer  web  of  the 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  139 

5:  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  i);  Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa- 
vista,  Rio  Branco  3;  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i). 

*Myiozetetes  cayanensis  rufipennis  Lawrence*.    LAWRENCE'S  RUFOUS- 
WINGED  FLYCATCHER. 
Myiozetetes  rufipennis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  267,  1869 — 

Valencia,  Venezuela. 
Myiozetetes  cayennensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  TAYLOR,  Ibis,   1864,  p.  86 — near 

Barcelona,  Venezuela;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628 — 

San  Esteban;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1871,  p.  752  (crit.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 

p.  160,  1888 — part,  spec,  q,  r,  "Trinidad,"  Venezuela;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p. 

365,  1897 — San  Antonio,  Bermudez. 
Myiozetetes  guianensis  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Carupano,  Bermudez. 
Myiozetetes  cayennensis  rufipennis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,   Nov.  Zool.,  9, 

p.  45,  1902 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Altagracia,  Caicara,  and  Ciudad  Bolivar, 

Orinoco  River  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 
Myiozetetes  cayanensis  rufipennis  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 

No.  3,  p.  649,  1906 — north  coast  of  Venezuela  (crit.) ;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 

Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  165,  1912 — San  Esteban  and  Puerto  Cabello; 

CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  233,  1916 — Orinoco  Valley 

(habits). 

Range:    North  coast  of  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez  west  to  Cara- 
bobo,  south  to  the  Orinoco  Valley  and  vicinity  of  Me"ridab. 
5:    Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  5). 

*Myiozetetes   cayanensis   hellmayri    Hartert   and   Goodson*.     HELL- 
MAYR'S  FLYCATCHER. 

primaries.  Specimens  from  central  Brazil  (Goyaz  and  Minas  Geraes)  are  decidedly 
larger,  thereby  approaching  M.  c.  erythropterus. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  7,  British  Guiana  6.  Brazil:  Para  district  5 ; 
Rio  Branco  3;  Maranhao  i;  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  3;  Goyaz  (City)  3, 
Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz  i ;  Rio  Jordao,  Araguary,  Minas  Geraes  i. 

a  Myiozetetes  cayanensis  rufipennis  LAWRENCE:  Easily  distinguished  from  M.  c. 
cayanensis  by  rufous  edges  to  the  wing-coverts  and  by  having  the  basal  half  of  the 
primaries  on  both  webs  rufous.  It  approaches  M.  c.  erythropterus  in  extent  of  rufous, 
but  is  much  smaller.  Wing  84-92;  tail  68-77. 

The  characters  of  this  form  are  carried  to  the  extreme  in  specimens  from  the 
Venezuelan  north  coast  while  the  inhabitants  of  the  Orinoco  Valley  somewhat  diverge 
toward  M.  c.  cayanensis. 

Material  examined. — Bermudez:  Campos  Alegre  2,  Los  Palmales  i.  Maracay, 
Aragua  4.  Carabobo:  Puerto  Cabello  i ,  San  Esteban  i .  Merida  i.  Orinoco  Valley: 
Ciudad  Bolivar  3,  Altagracia  5,  Caicara  i,  Quiribana  de  Caicara  i.  Suapure,  Caura  i, 
San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure  i. 

b  "Trinidad"  has  erroneously  been  included  in  the  range  of  this  bird. 

0  Myiozetetes  cayanensis  hellmayri  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Very  similar  to 
M.  c.  cayanensis,  but  upper  parts  not  so  dark,  more  olivaceous,  with  the  rufous  edges 
to  the  primaries  as  a  rule  more  pronounced. 

Besides  the  specimens  listed  above  I  have  examined  the  following  material. — 
Ecuador:  San  Javier  9,  Babahoyo  i.  Colombia:  Bogotd  8,  N6vita  i,  Boca  de 
Calima  i. 


140  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiozetetes  cayanensis  hellmayri  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  412, 
1917 — Cachavi,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  360,  1922 — Trojas  de  Cataca,  Tucurinca,  and  Funda- 
ci6n,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Myiozetetes  guianensis  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28, 
p.  283,  1860 — Babahoyo;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333 — between  Canta  and  the 
Magdalena,  Colombia. 

Myiozetetes  cayennensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  752 — 
part,  Babahoyo;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  556 — Guaya- 
quil; BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  302,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  160,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-p,  Magdalena  Valley, 
Medellin,  Bucaramanga,  Bogota,  Babahoyo,  "Quito,"  Balzar,  Santa  Rita; 
ROBINSON,  Flying  Trip,  p.  160,  1895 — Barranquilla  to  Honda,  and  Guaduas; 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  488,  1898 — Cachavi,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  9,  1899 — Vinces  and  Rio 
Peripa,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  705 — Santo  Domingo,  Ecuador; 
MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  650,  1911 — Santo  Domingo. 

Myiozetetes  texensis  (not  of  GIRAUD)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  513 — Envigado  and  Medellin. 

Myiozetetes  cayanensis  cayanensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  444,  1901 — part,  Colombia  and  Ecuador;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  649,  1906 — part,  Bogota  and  Ecuador;  idem, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1134 — N6vita  and  Boca  de  Calima,  Colombia;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  460,  1917 — numerous  localities  in 
Colombia. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador,  Colombia,  and  adja- 
cent section  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (heavily  forested  region  south 
of  Lake  Maracaibo,  State  of  Zulia). 

13:  Ecuador  (Milagro  2);  Colombia  (Bagado,  Choc6  i;  Dabeiba, 
Rio  Sucio  i ;  Amalfi,  Antioquia  i ;  El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San 
Jose"  de  Cucuta,  Santander  2;  Bogota  i);  Venezuela  (Encontrados  i, 
Catatumbo  River  2,  Orope  2). 

Myiozetetes    cayanensis    harterti    Bangs    and   Penard*.     HARTERT'S 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiozetetes  cayanensis  harterti  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64, 
p.  374,  1921 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  I.e.,  65,  p.  217, 
1922 — Jesusito,  Darien. 

Myiozetetes  cayennensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  7,  p.  295,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 

•  Myiozetetes  cayanensis  harterti  BANGS  and  PENARD:  Very  close  to  M.  c.  hellmayri, 
but  smaller  (wing  82-87,  against  85-94);  upper  parts  slightly  duller;  rufous  wing 
edges  barely  indicated. 

With  only  two  specimens  before  me  I  find  it  rather  hard  to  separate  this  form  from 
M .  c.  hellmayri,  but  the  describers  who  had  a  large  series  for  comparison  consider  it 
distinct. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  141 

p.  1 60,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Paraiso  Station  and  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  40,  1889 — part,  Panama;  BANGS,  Proc. 
New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  21,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon;  idem  and  THAYER, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  p.  218,  1906 — Sabana  of  Panama. 

Myiozetetes  cayanensis  cayanensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  444,  1907 — part,  Panama;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  265 — 
Gatun,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  318,  1924 — Mindi  and  New  Culebra, 
Panama. 

Range:    Eastern  Panama  (Railroad  line  and  Darien). 

^Myiozetetes  similis  similis  (Spix).  VERMILION-CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  similis  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  18,  1825 — descr.  part,  Amazon  River 
(type  in  Munich  Museum  examined)*. 

Elaenea  miles  (not  Muscicapa  miles  WIED)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  "Qbers.  Th.  Bras., 
2,  p.  474,  1856 — Lagoa  Santa  and  Congonhas,  Minas  Geraes. 

Myiozetetes  similis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  109,  1868 — Sapitiba,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Ypanema,  and  Rio  Parana;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  340 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871, 
p.  753 — part,  Brazil;  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 — Para;  CABANIS,  Journ. 
Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo;  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  342 — Pernambuco; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  161,  1888 — Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Novo 
Friburgo,  Santa  F6  (Minas),  SSo  Paulo,  Para;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The 
Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  162 — 
Amapa;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  196,  1899 — Iguape1,  Tiete",  Piracicaba, 
and  Piquete,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  40 — Bahia;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz., 
i,  p.  286,  1907 — Piracicaba,  Tiet6,  Rio  Frio,  Bebedouro,  and  Iguape',  Sao 
Paulo;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74,  1910 — 
Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife,  and  Petrolino,  Rio  Sao  Francisco  (Pernambuco), 
Parnagua  (Piauhy);  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  344,  1914 — Iguazu, 
Misiones;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  387,  1914 — part,  Amapa, 
Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Myiozetetes  columbianus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  190, 
1868 — part,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined). 

Myiozetetes  similis  similis  HELLMAYR,  Abhdl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
p.  650,  1906 — part,  Brazil  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Para; 
idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  295,  1910 — Rio  Madeira,  below  SSo  Joao  do  Crato; 
BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay;  CHAPMAN, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  2,  1924  (char.,  range). 

Range :    Paraguay ;  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones) ;  and  eastern 

Brazil,  from  Sao  Paulo,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  Minas  Geraes  north  to 

l 

•  As  shown  by  the  original  examples  in  the  Munich  Museum,  Spix  confused 
M.  cayanensis  and  M.  similis  auct.  under  one  heading.  The  detailed  description  and 
the  plate  refer  to  the  first-named  species  while  the  short  diagnosis,  immediately 
following  the  name  M.  similis,  as  well  as  the  final  paragraphs  have  evidently  been 
drawn  up  from  the  second  specimen  (No.  2,  of  my  revision  of  Spix's  types)  belonging 
to  M.  similis  auct.  I,  therefore,  formally  designate  No.  2  as  type. 


142  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Amapd  and  the  lower  Amazon,  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira  and  Rio 
Jamunda*. 

6:  Brazil,  Sao  Paulo  (Victoria  i);  Ceara  (Serra  Baturite"  i);  Piauhy 
(Arara  i);  Maranhao  (Rosario  i,  Cod6,  Cocos  i);  Argentina  (Iguazu, 
Misiones  i). 

*Myiozetetes  similis  connivens  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmannb.    PERUVIAN 
VERMILION-CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiozetetes  similis  connivens  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  37,  1906 — 
Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  461,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Buenavista,  and  Villavicencio,  eastern  base  of 
Andes,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — Bellavista  and 
Perico,  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  96,  1921 — Idma, 
Urubamba;  idem,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  2,  1924  (char.,  range). 

Elaenia  cayennensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  458,  1858 — 
Gualaquiza  and  Zamora,  Ecuador. 

Myiozetetes  cayennensis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  189 — 
Nauta;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  598 — Cosnipata; 
idem,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — Huiro;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  275,  1884 — 
Cosnipata,  Huiro  (excl.  descr.). 

Myiozetetes  similis  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873, 
p.  279 — Nauta,  Ucayali,  Pebas;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  537 — Monterico; 
idem,  Orn.  Perou,  2,  p.  276,  1884 — Monterico,  Nauta,  Ucayali,  Moyobamba, 
San  Ignacio;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  90 — Mapoto, 
Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  I.e.,  1896,  p.  365 — La  Merced,  Peru; 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Cachoeira  and  Monte  Verde,  Rio 
Purvis;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  387,  1914 — part,  Rio  Purvis. 

Myiozetetes  texensis  (not  of  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  162, 
1888 — part,  spec,  q-t,  Sarayacu,  Pebas,  Cosnipata. 

Range:  Amazonian  slope  of  the  Andes  from  Colombia  (Villavicen- 
cio ;  Rio  Caqueta)  to  southeastern  Peru,  east  to  the  upper  Orinoco  (San 
Fernando0),  Venezuela,  and  the  Rio  Punis,  BraziH 

13 :   Peru  (Moyobamba  5,  Yurimaguas  3,  Chinchao  3,  Vista  Alegre  2). 

•  Material  examined. — Twenty-two  specimens  from  Sao  Paulo  to  Para.  A  single 
specimen  from  the  Rio  Madeira  (below  Sao  Joao  do  Crato)  and  two  from  Monte 
Alegre  also  appear  to  belong  to  typical  similis. 

b  Myiozetetes  similis  connivens  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Similar  to  M.  s. 
similis,  but  upper  parts  on  average  more  greenish;  superciliaries  and  throat  more 
shaded  with  yellowish ;  edges  to  wing  and  tail  feathers  yellowish  rather  than  tawny. 

e  Fide  Chapman. 

d  Birds  from  Villavicencio  (Colombia)  and  Mapoto  (Ecuador)  agree  well  with  the 
Peruvian  ones.  Two  from  the  Rio  Purvis,  while  slightly  diverging  in  the  direction  of 
M.  s.  similis,  are  nearer  to  connivens. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Villavicencio  2.  Ecuador:  Mapoto  i.  Peru: 
Iquitos  i,  Moyobamba  5,  Yurimaguas  3,  Chinchao  3,  Vista  Alegre  2,  Chanchamayo 
i,  Santa  Ana  (the  type)  i.  Brazil:  Cachoeira,  Rio  Punis  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  143 

Myiozetetes  similis  grandis  Lawrence*.    PACIFIC  VERMILION-CROWNED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiozetetes  grandis  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1871,  p.  234  —  Prov. 
Tumbez,  Peru. 

Myiozetetes  similis  pacificus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  2,  1924 — 
Santa  Rosa,  Prov.  El  Oro,  Ecuador. 

Myiozetetes  columbianus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
28,  p.  295,  1860 — Esmeraldas. 

Myiozetetes  similis  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  753 — part, 
Esmeraldas. 

Myiozetetes  texensis  (not  of  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  162, 
1888 — part,  spec,  n,  Esmeraldas;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  9,  1899 — Rio  Peripa  and  Balzar,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  (north  to  Esmeraldas) 
and  northwestern  Peru  (Prov.  Tumbez). 

^Myiozetetes  similis  columbianus  Cabanis  and  Heine*.     COLOMBIAN 
VERMILION-CROWNED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiozetetes  columbianus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  62,  1859 — Puerto 
Cabello  (Venezuela)  and  Carthagena,  Colombia  (types  in  Heine  Collection 
examined). 

Myiozetetes  icterophrys  HEINE,  Journ.  Orn.,  9,  p.  197,  1861 — Baranquilla,  Colom- 
bia (type  in  Heine  Collection  examined)0. 

Myiozetetes  marginatus  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  5,  p.  182,  1863 — Panama. 

Myiozetetes  texensis  (not  of  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  162,1888 
— part,  spec,  w-m',  Castillo,  Chitra  (Veragua),  Panama,  Bogota,  San  Este- 
ban,  La  Guayra,  "Trinidad";  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  54, 
1892 — El  Pilar,  Bermudez;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa, 
Venezuela. 

•  Myiozetetes  similis  grandis  LAWRENCE:  Nearest  to  M.  s.  connivens,  but  under 
parts  decidedly  deeper  (wax)  yellow;  light  tips  to  larger  wing  coverts  more  conspicu- 
ous; external  margin  of  inner  secondaries  more  greenish  yellow;  size  slightly  larger; 
similar  also  to  M.  s.  columbianus,  but  larger  and  deeper  yellow  below.  Wing  (male) 
93,  (female)  86-89;  tail  76,  (female)  69-72;  bill  n. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Tumbez  i.  Ecuador:  Rio  Peripa  i,  Balzar  i, 
Esmeraldas  i. 

b  Myiozetetes  similis  columbianus  CABANIS  and  HEINE  is  the  smallest  and  palest 
among  the  races  of  this  group,  with  yellowish  external  margins  to  the  secondaries  and 
buffy  or  maize  yellow  quill-lining. 

Specimens  from  the  Orinoco  (Altagracia)  closely  approach  M.  s.  connivens  in 
coloration,  but  agree  with  columbianus  in  size. 

8  The  type  has  the  superciliary  streak  and  the  throat  rather  more  yellowish  than 
the  average  of  columbianus,  but  is  closely  approached  by  one  of  the  Encontrados 
examples  (No.  34152).  It  is,  however,  quite  distinct  from  M.  g.  granadensis  with 
which  Heine's  name  has  sometimes  been  synonymized. 


144  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiozetetes  superciliosus  columbianus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
p.  46,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Orinoco  River. 

Myiozetetes  similis  columbianus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  650,  1906  (char.,  range);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  80,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  204 — Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  460,  1917 — Remedios,  Chicoral,  below  Andalucia; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  358,  1922 — Minca,  Buritaca, 
Mamotoco,  Don  Diego,  Tucurinca  Fundaci6n;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  318, 
1924 — Gatun,  Panama;  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  2,  1924 
(char.,  range). 

Myiozetetes  similis  superciliosus  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302, 
1907 — Boruca,  Costa  Rica. 

Myiozetetes  texensis  columbianus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  449,  1907 — Panama,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  and  "Trinidad";  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  715,  1910 — El  General  de  Terraba,  El  Pozo, 
Boruca,  and  Buenos  Aires,  southwestern  Costa  Rica  (crit.,  habits) ;  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  234,  1916 — Orinoco  River,  from  the  delta 
up  to  Caicara  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918, 
p.  265 — Gatun  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Range:  Southwestern  Costa  Rica;  Panama;  Colombia  (west  of  the 
eastern  Andes);  and  northern  Venezuela,  east  to  Bermudez,  south  to 
the  Orinoco  Valley8. 

26:  Panama  (Colon  4);  Colombia  (Bogota  2);  Venezuela  (Encon- 
trados,  Zulia  3,  Guayabo,  Zulia  i ;  La  Ceiba,  Trujillo  i ;  Valera,  Zulia  i ; 
Caracas  2;  Macuto,  Caracas  3;  Maracay,  Aragua  9). 

*Myiozetetes  similis  texensis  (Giraud).    GIRAUD'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  texensis  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  Spec.  Texas  Birds,  pi.  i,  1841 — "Texas" 
(type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum). 

Myiozetetes  texensis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  162,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a-v,  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  268,  1910 — Turrialba  and  Guayabo,  Costa  Rica. 

Myiozetetes  texensis  texensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  446, 
1907 — southern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica  (monog.,  full  bibliography) ;  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  716,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (range);  PHILLIPS,  Auk, 
28,  p.  78,  1911 — Alta  Mira,  Tamaulipas;  PETERS,  I.e.,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — 
Camp  Mengel  and  Xcopen,  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

Tyrannus  superciliosus  (not  Tyrannula  superciliosa  SWAINSON)  BONAPARTE, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  5,  "1837,"  p.  118,  June  1838 — Guatemala. 

Myiozetetes  similis  superciliosus  NELSON,   Auk,  17,  p.  124,  1900 — part  (crit.). 

Myiozetetes  similis  superciliosus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  650,  1906 — part  (diag.);  DEARBORN,  Field 

•  No  authentic  record  exists  for  its  occurrence  in  Trinidad. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  145 

Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  102, 1907 — Los  Amates,  Gualan,  Patulul, 
and  Lake  Amatitlan,  Guatemala. 

Range :  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Pueblo,  Michoa- 
can,  Sinaloa,  Colima,  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  Tamaulipas,  Yucatan,  Quin- 
tana  Roo,  and  Chiapas),  southward  through  Guatemala,  Honduras, 
and  Nicaragua  to  Costa  Rica  (except  southwestern  section). 

48:  Mexico  (Escuinapa,  Sinaloa  i,  Colima  3,  Tampico,  Tamaulipas 
12,  Iguala,  Guerrero  i,  Yucatan  2,  San  Felipe,  Yucatan  2);  Guatemala 
(Patulul,  Solola  2,  Gualan,  Zacapa  i,  Lake  Amatitlan  i,  Los  Amates, 
Izabel  3,  unspecified  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  7,  San 
Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  2);  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  7,  Turrialba  Sta- 
tion i,  Siquirres  2). 

^Myiozetetes  granadensis  granadensis  Lawrence.    GRAY-CAPPED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiozetetes  granadensis  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  4,  p.  n,  1862 — Panama  Railroad; 
idem,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  473,  1862 — Lion  Hill;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  754  (crit.,  range);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1883,  p.  556 — Chimbo,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  276, 
1884 — part,  Tumbez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  163,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-g,  Chontales,  Nicaragua,  Chiriqui,  Panama,  San  Pablo  Station, 
Bogota;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  42,  1889 — part, 
excl.  Peru;  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  506,  1893 — Rio  Escon- 
dido,  Nicaragua;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  21,  1900 — Loma  del 
Leon,  Panama;  idem,  I.e.,  3,  p.  37,  1902 — Bogaba,  Panama;  RIDGWAY/  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  451,  1907 — part,  excl.  Venezuela,  eastern 
Ecuador,  and  Peru  (monog.,  full  bibliog.  references);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Car- 
negie Mus.,  6,  p.  714,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  FERRY, 
Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa 
Rica;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  461,  1917 — part,  Alto 
Bonito,  Bagado,  San  Jose',  Barbacoas,  Calamar,  Colombia;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  266 — Gatun,  Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  218,  1922 — Jesusito,  Darien;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41, 
p.  318,  1924 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Myiozetetes  similis  (not  of  SPIX)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  326 — 
Tumbez,  Peru. 

Myiozetetes  granadensis  subsp.  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487,  1898  — Cachavi, 
Ecuador. 

Range:  Nicaragua;  Costa  Rica;  Panama;  Colombia  (Pacific  coast 
and  lower  Magdalena) ;  western  Ecuador;  and  northwestern  Peru  (Tum- 
bez) ». 

•  I  am  not  able  to  satisfactorily  separate  birds  from  Colombia  and  Ecuador, 
although  they  average  slightly  darker  above. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica  14.  Panama  (Canal  Zone)  4.  Colombia:  "Bo- 
gota" 5.  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  San  Javier  3,  Ventana  2. 


146  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

12:  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Lagarto  i,  Siquirres  i,  El  General  i, 
Limon  3,  Guayabo  5). 

*Myiozetetes  granadensis  obscurior  Todd*.    AMAZONIAN  GRAY-CAPPED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiozetetes  granadensis  obscurior  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  95,  1925 — 
Sao  Paulo  de  Olivenca,  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil. 

Myiozetetes  granadensis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1869,  p.  598 — Cosnipata,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  20 — Yurimaguas; 
idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  276,  1884 — part,  Cosnipata,  Yurimaguas;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  163,  1888 — part,  spec,  h,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ. 
Orn.,  37,  p.  302,  1889 — Tarapoto,  Peru;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  705 — 
Coca,  Rio  Napo,  eastern  Ecuador;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  450, 1907 — part,  Venezuela,  eastern  Ecuador,  and  Peru;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  24,  1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis  (spec,  examined); 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  387,  1914 — same  locality;  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  235,  1916 — La  Pricion,  Caura;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  461,  1917 — part,  Villavicencio,  Colombia  and 
Rio  Cunucunuma,  Venezuela;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  56,  1920 — "Chaquimayo"=Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.). 

Myiozetetes  granadensis  subsp.  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  46, 
1902 — La  Pricion,  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined.) 

Range :  Amazonian  forest  region,  from  southern  Venezuela  (La  Pri- 
cion, Caura  River)  and  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia 
(Villavicencio)  through  eastern  Ecuador  south  to  western  Brazil  (Rio 
Solimoes  and  Rio  Punis)  and  southeastern  Peru  (Sierra  of  Carabaya). 

2:    Peru  (Yurimaguas  2). 

Myiozetetes  luteiventris  (Sclater)b.    ORANGE- VENTED  FLYCATCHER. 
Elaenia  luteiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  71,  1858 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Myiozetetes  luteiventris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  109,  1868 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira, 
and  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1871,  p.  754,  755 — Rio  Napo  and"Oyapock,  Cayenne"  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  278,  1884 — Nauta,  Peru  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 

•  Myiozetetes  granadensis  obscurior  TODD:  Similar  to  M.  g.  granadensis,  but 
larger;  upper  parts  darker  and  greener;  crown  slightly  deeper  gray;  throat  more 
tinged  with  yellowish.  Wing  (male)  88-94;  tail  72-81;  bill  13^2-15. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  La  Pricion,  Caura  i.  Peru:  Yurimaguas  2, 
Tarapoto  i,  Yahuarmayo  2. 

b  A  very  characteristic  species  of  peculiar  coloration  and  with  very  short  bill, 
probably  not  congeneric  with  Myiozetetes.  Its  structure  should  be  carefully  rein- 
vestigated. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Cuembi,  Rio  Putumayo  (female,  Sept.  6,  1897. 
G.  Hopke,  Coll.  Berlepsch)  i.  Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  (the  type)  i.  Brazil:  Marabi- 
tanas, Kio  Negro  3;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  2;  Rio  Jurud  i.  Peru:  Nauta  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  147 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  164,  1888 — "Oyapock,  Cayenne,"  Rio 
Napo  and  Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  p.  286,  1907 — 
Rio  Jurua;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  127,  1908 — "Oyapock,  Cayenne"; 
HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  295,  1910 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira. 

Myiopagis  subplacens  (not  Elainea  subplacens  SCLATER)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  6,  p.  434,  1905 — Rio  Jurua  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Amazonian  region  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Pu- 
tumayo)  and  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu)  to  northern  Peru 
(Nauta),  east  to  northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro,  Rio  Jurua,  and  Rio 
Madeira) a. 

Genus  TYRANNOPSIS  Ridgway". 

Tyrannopsis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  209,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Muscicapa  sulphurea  SPIX. 

*Tyrannopsis  sulphurea  (Spix).    SULPHURY  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  sulphurea  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  16,  pi.  20,  1825 — Brazil  (type  in 
Munich  Museum  examined). 

Tyrannula  peruviana  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  56,  1853 — "Quito, 
in  Peru  via,"  probably  Rio  Napo. 

Tyrannus  luggeri  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  481,  May  1879 — Cayenne 
and  Demerara;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  28  (crit.). 

Myiozetetes  sulphur  eus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  109,  1868 — Porto  do  Rio 
Araguay,  Goyaz,  and  Rio  Muria,  near  Para  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  754 — Chamicuros,  Peru  (diag.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1873,  p.  279 — Chamicuros;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  277,  1884 — 
Cayenne  and  Chamicuros;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  295 — Bartica  Grove,  British 
Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  164,  1888 — Chamicuros  (Peru), 
Sarayacu  (Ecuador),  Bartica  Grove,  and  Cayenne;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN, 
Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  39,  1894 — La  Brea,  Trinidad;  GOELDI, 
Ibis,  1897,  p,  162 — Amapa;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  46, 
1902 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco  River,  Venezuela;  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  13,  p.  23,  1906 — La  Brea,  Trinidad  (ex  CHAPMAN);  idem,  Abhdl.  2. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  647,  1906 — note  on  type  (descr.,  meas., 
range);  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  238,  1910 — Surinam  (egg 
descr.);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  198,  1921 — Bartica,  Bonasika  River, 
Great  Falls  of  Demerara  River. 

Tyrannopsis  sulphureus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  127,  1908 — Cayenne  and 
Rio  Approuague,  French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  Abhdl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Rio  Muria;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 

*  The  locality  "Oyapock,  Cayenne"  is  open  to  doubt. 

b  The  genus  Tyrannopsis  RIDGWAY,  though  nearly  allied  to,  is  easily  separated 
from,  Myiozetetes  by  much  larger,  stouter  bill,  shorter  and  more  rounded  wing,  rela- 
tively shorter  tail,  and  decidedly  shorter  tarsus. 


148  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

8,  p.  387,  1914 — Pard,  Maraj6  (Santa  Anna),  Amapa,  Manaos;  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  235,  1916 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco 
River. 

Range:  Island  of  Trinidad  (La  Brea);  French,  Dutch,  and  British 
Guiana;  Venezuela  (Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco  Valley) ;  Brazil,  from 
Amapa  and  Manaos  south  to  the  sources  of  the  Araguay,  State  of  Goyaz ; 
eastern  Ecuador;  eastern  Peru8. 

3:  Peru  (Yurimaguas  i,  Rioja  i);  Brazil  (Rio  Counany,  State  of 
Para  i). 

Genus  PITANGUS  Swainson. 

Pitangus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  165,  1826 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Tyrannus 

sulphuratus  VIEJLLOT=  Lanius  sulphuratus  LINNAEUS. 
Saurophagus  SWAINSON  in  Richardson,  Faun.  Bor.-Amer.,  2,  p.  484,   1831 — 

type  by  orig.  desig.  Lanius  sulphuratus  LINNAEUS. 
Apolites  SUNDEVALL,  Vetensk.-Akad.  Handl.,  1835,  p.  81,  1836 — type  Lanius 

sulphuratus  LINNAEUS. 

*Pitangus  sulphuratus  derbianus  (Kaup).    DERBY  FLYCATCHER. 

Saurophagus  derbianus  KAUP,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  "1851,"  p.  44,  Oct.  1852 — 
Zacatecas,  Mexico. 

Saurophagus  guatimalensis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  4,  p.  462,  Oct. 
1 85  2 — Guatemala. 

Pitangus  derbianus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  175,  1888 — part,  subsp. 
typica,  Mexico  to  Honduras;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves, 
2,  p.  43,  1889 — part,  lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  south  to  Costa  Rica. 

Pitangus  derbianus  derbianus  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Puntarenas,  Costa 
Rica. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  derbianus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  672,  1907 — Texas  to  Costa  Rica  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  DEARBORN, 
Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  103,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Lake 
Amatitlan,  and  Mazatenango,  Guatemala;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  688,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Alta- 
mira,  Guiaves,  and  Rio  Martinez,  Tamaulipas;  PETERS,  I.e.,  30,  p.  375,  1913 — 
Santa  Lucia  and  Camp  Mengel,  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

Range:  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  and  southward  through 
Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Costa  Rica. 

41 :  Texas  (Hidalgo  i) ;  Mexico  (Tampico,  Tamaulipas  5 ;  Las  Lomi- 
tas,  Sinaloa  i,  Esuinapa,  Sinaloa  2;  Iguala,  Guerrero  13;  Tuxpam,  Jal- 
isco i ;  Achatal,  Vera  Cruz  i ;  San  Felipe,  Yucatan  2,  Uxmal,  Yucatan  i) ; 

•  Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  6.  French  Guiana:  Ca- 
yenne i,  Rio  Approuague  i.  Venezuela.  Quiribana  de  Caicara  4.  Brazil:  Amapd  i, 
Counany  i,  Rio  Muria,  Para  2,  Porto  do  Rio  Araguay,  Goyaz  3,  unspecified  (the 
type)  i.  Peru:  Rioja  i,  Yurimaguas  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  149 

Guatemala  (Lake  Amatitlan  i,  Los  Amates  i,  Mazatenango  i);  Hon- 
duras (Truxillo  i) ;  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  7,  San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua  i);  Costa  Rica  (Siquirres  i,  Limon  i). 

*Pitangus  sulphuratus  rufipennis  (Lafresnaye) .  RUFOUS-WINGED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Saurophagus  rufipennis  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  471,  1851 — 
Caracas;  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  63,  1859 — Puerto  Cabello. 

Pitangus  rufipennis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Caracas; 
WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333 — Cienaga  and  Baranquilla,  Colombia. 

Pitangus  derbianus  rufipennis  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1884,  p.  434 — Angostura,  Orin- 
oco (crit.);  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumana,  Cumanacoa,  San  An- 
tonio, Bermudez;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  137,  1898 — Santa 
Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  146,  1900 — Bonda  and 
Santa  Marta;  ROBINSON  and  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  24,  p.  173, 
1901 — San  Julian,  Venezuela;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  47, 
1902 — Altagracia,  Ciudad  Bolivar,  and  Caicara,  Orinoco  River  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.). 

Pitangus  derbianus  (not  of  KAUP)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879,  P-  201 — Valle 
Dupar;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  175,  1888 — part,  subsp.  rufipennis, 
spec,  a-d,  Santa  Marta,  Valle  Dupar,  Bogota,  Caracas. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4, 
p.  54,  1892 — El  Pilar,  Bermudez. 

Megarhynchus  pitangus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
21,  p.  283,  1905 — Bonda  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  rufipennis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  24,  1906 — crit., 
range  excl.  Cauca  Valley;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  81,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  239,  1916 — Orinoco  Valley  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  462,  1917 — La  Playa,  Calamar,  Honda, 
Chicoral,  and  below  Andalucia,  Magdalena  Valley;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  341,  1922 — Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta,  Bonda, 
Mamatoco,  Tucurinca,  Gaira,  Dibulla,  and  Rio  Hacha. 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela,  east  to  Bermudez  (vicinity  of  Cum- 
ana), south  to  the  Orinoco  (as  far  east  as  Ciudad  Bolivar) ;  and  Colom- 
bia (Santa  Marta  district  and  northern  littoral,  south  through  the 
Magdalena  Valley  up  to  below  Andalucia)*. 

[16:  Colombia  (Bogotd  i);  Venezuela  (Encontrados,  Zulia  2,  Rio 
Aurare,  east  of  Maracaibo,  Zulia  2;  Maracay,  Aragua  6;  Lake  Valen- 
cia i ;  Caracas  i ;  Cumana,  Bermudez  3). 

•  Twelve  specimens  from  Bermudez  and  fifteen  from  the  middle  stretches  of  the 
Orinoco  (Ciudad  Bolivar  to  Caicara)  agree  perfectly  with  a  series  from  near  the  type 
locality,  showing  no  approach  to  trinitatis. 

Birds  from  Bogotd  and  the  Magdalena  Valley  average  rather  darker.  Seventy 
examples  examined. 


150  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  trinitatis  Hellmayr*.    TRINIDAD  KISKADEE  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  trinitatis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zoo}.,  13,  p.  24,  1906 — Caparo, 
Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  361,  1908 — Pointe 
Gourde,  Trinidad;  (?)  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  x,  p.  97,  1909 — Cano  Col- 
orado, Guanoco,  and  track  toward  La  Brea,  Orinoco  delta;  (?)  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  240,  1916 — Las  Barrancas,  Orinoco  delta. 

Saurophagus  sulphuratus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  210, 
1866— Trinidad. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  40,  1894 — 
Princestown,  Trinidad. 

Pitangus  rufipennis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  86 — Trinidad. 

Pitangus  derbianus  (not  of  KAUP)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  175,  1888 
— part,  subsp.  rufipennis,  e-h,  Trinidad. 

Pitangus  derbianus  rufipennis  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  189, 
1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad;  (?)  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  204 — 
Guinipia,  Orinoco  delta. 

Range :  Island  of  Trinidad ;  (?)  Orinoco  delta,  northeastern 
Venezuela. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  caucensis  Chapman*.     CAUCA  KISKADEE  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  caucensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  179, 
1914 — Cali,  Cauca  Valley,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  462,  1917 — Cali,  Flor- 
ida, and  Rio  Frio,  Colombia. 

Range:    Western  Colombia  (Cauca  Valley). 

a  Pitangus  sulphuratus  trinitatis  HELLMAYR:  Nearly  allied  to  P.  s.  rufipennis,  but 
rufous  edges  to  wing  coverts  much  narrower;  the  rufous  outer  web  of  the  quills  sepa- 
rated from  the  paler  inner  margin  by  a  broad  dusky  shaft-stripe;  rectrices  with  but  a 
slight  edge  along  outer  web  and  the  inner  third  of  the  inner  web  rufous.  Wing  107- 
iii ;  tail  81-87;  bill  27-29. 

Specimens  from  the  Orinoco  delta  region,  which  we  have  not  seen,  are  referred  to 
trinitatis  by  Beebe  and  Cherrie.  Chapman  (I.e.,  36,  p.  462,  1917),  however,  describes 
a  specimen  from  the  delta  and  another  from  Maripa  "on  the  lower  Orinoco"[  =  Caura] 
as  having  the  rufous  and  fuscous  areas  of  wing  and  tail  more  sharply  defined  than  in 
Trinidad  skins,  and  mentions  two  similar  examples  from  Villavicencio,  at  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Colombian  Andes.  As  stated  elsewhere,  the  Kiskadee  Flycatchers  of  the 
middle  Orinoco  are  perfectly  typical  rufipennis. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Caparo  20,  Icacos  i,  Chaguaramas  i,  Seelet  i, 
Aripo  i. 

b  Pitangus  sulphuratus  caucensis  CHAPMAN:  "In  the  extent  of  rufous  markings 
most  nearly  resembling  P.  s.  rufipennis,  in  general  color  nearer  P.  s.  sulphuratus. 

"While  nearer  rufipennis  in  the  extent  of  the  rufous  markings,  caucensis  shows 
some  return  to  the  sulphuratus  type  even  in  this  respect,  the  lesser  wing-coverts  and 
particularly  the  primary  coverts  and  upper  tail-coverts  having  much  larger  fuscous 
shaft  streaks,  the  remiges  and  rectrices  also  usually  having  less  rufous."  (Chapman, 
I.e.).  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  151 

*Pitangus  sulphuratus  sulphuratus  (Linnaeus).    BEMTEVI. 

Lanius  sulphuratus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i2th  ed.,  i,  p.  137,  1766 — based  on 
Brisson,  Orn.,  2,  p.  176,  pi.  16,  1760,  Cayenne. 

Corvus  leucogaster  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  15,  1783 — based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  249,  Cayenne. 

Corvus  flaws  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  373,  1788 — based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  249,  Cayenne. 

Tyrannus  magnanimus  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  me'th.,  Orn.,  livr.  93,  p.  850,  1823 — 
Guiana. 

Tyrannus  sulphuratus  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Ame"r.  sept.,  i,  p.  77,  pi.  47,  1807 
— Cayenne,  "Saint-Domingue,"  "Porto  Rico." 

Saurophagus  sulphuratus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  698, 
1848 — British  Guiana;  KAUP,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  p.  44,  1852  (char.);  LAFRES- 
NAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  3,  p.  476,  1851  (crit.)- 

Pitangus  sulphuratus .SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  189 — Nauta; 
idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  578 — Para;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  751 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  I.e., 
p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  280 — Nauta,  Yurimaguas,  Pebas;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  1868 — Forte  do  Rio  Branco;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1882,  p.  20 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  286,  1884 — Peruvian 
localities;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  296 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  176,  1888 — part,  subsp.  typica,  spec,  a-k,  Georgetown,  Bartica 
Grove,  Para,  Mexiana,  Sarayacu  ("Ecuador),  Pebas;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn., 
37»  P-  3°2»  J889 — Tarapoto,  Peru;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  260,  1890 
— Diamantina,  Santarem;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  705 — Coca,  Rio  Napo; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  126,  1908 — Cayenne  and  Rio  Approuague, 
French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  527,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio 
Tocantins;  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  30,  1909 — Mexiana;  SNETH- 
LAGE, Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  385,  1914 — Pard,  Peixe-Boi,  Capanema,  Quati- 
puru,  Rio  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  Rio  Xingii  (Victoria),  Maraj6  (Pacoval), 
Mexiana,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Jamundd  (Faro);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana, 
2,  p.  199,  1921 — numerous  localities  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  PINTO-PEIXOTO, 
Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  272,  1923 — Maraj6. 

Pitangus  derbianus  var.  rufipenms  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus. 
Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  118,  1904 — Ouanary  and  Mana,  French  Guiana  (spec, 
examined). 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  sulphuratus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  24,  1906  (char., 
range):  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  no.  2,  p.  25,  89, 
1912 — Ipitinga,  Pard;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  130,  1912 — Cachoueira,  Maraj6;  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  77,  1918 — Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south 
to  the  Amazon,  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  and  Pard;  northeastern  Peru,  and 
adjacent  districts  of  eastern  Ecuador4. 

a  Birds  from  Peru  are  generally  darker  brown  above  and  average  smaller,  especi- 
ally on  the  bill.  Those  from  Pard  are  difficult  to  place  and  may  just  as  well  be  referred 
to  P.  s.  maximiliani,  of  eastern  Brazil. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana  8,  Surinam  5,  British  Guiana  7.  Brazil: 
Rio  Branco  3,  Itacoatiard  i,  Maraj6  i,  Pard  district  2.  Peru:  Moyobamba  5, 
Iquitos  i. 


152  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1 1 :  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  2,  unspecified  i) ;  Brazil  (Boavista, 
Rio  Branco  i;  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  i;  Itacoatiara  i);  Peru 
(Moyobamba  5). 

*Pitangus  sulphuratus  maximiliani  (Cabanis  and  Heine}*.  MAXIMI- 
LIAN'S BEMTEVI. 

Saurophagus  maximiliani  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hem.,  2,  p.  63,  1859 — 
"Brasilien"=Bahia;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

Saurophagus  sulphuratus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras., 
2,  p.  461,  1856 — Congonhas,  Minas  Geraes  (habits);  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara, 
Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  78,  1865 — Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  examined). 

Tyrannus  sulphuratus  DESCOURTILZ,  Orn.  fire's.,  p.  21,  pi.  22,  fig.  4,  1856 — Brazil. 

Pitangus  bellicosus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  1868 — 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema  (spec,  examined) . 

Pitangus  maximiliani  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  1868 — Cidade  de  Goyaz 
(Goyaz),  Cuyaba  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined); 
REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  339 — Lagoa  Santa, 
Minas  Geraes;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  260,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa 
Catharina  (crit.);  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44, 
1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  HAMILTON,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  304 — Sao  Paulo;  FORBES,  I.e., 
1881,  p.  342 — Pernambuco;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  176,  1888 — 
part,  subsp.  maximiliani,  Brazil;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming 
Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  198, 
1899 — Sao  Sebastiao  and  Piquete,  Sao  Paulo;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  40 — 
Bahia. 

Pitangus  derbianus  bolivianus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  337,  1892 — Abrilongo,  Matto  Grosso. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  maximiliani  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — 
Cantagallo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  287,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Sao 
Sebastiao,  Piquete,  Sao  Jose'  do  Rio  Pardo,  Franca,  and  Bebedouro  (Sao 
Paulo),  Vargem  Alegre  (Minas  Geraes),  Porto  Cachoeiro  (Espirito  Santo); 
LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  354,  1909 — Itatiaya;  REISER, 
Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74,  1910 — Pao  d'Alho,  near 
Recife  (Pernambuco),  Rio  Vermelho  and  Fazenda  da  Serra  (Bahia),  Riacho 
da  Raiz,  below  Uniao,  Rio  Parnahyba  (Piauhy). 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  bolivianus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  50,  1908 — Rio 
Thesouras,  Rio  Araguay,  and  Goyaz  City,  Goyaz;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt. 
Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  481,  498,  1912 — Vera  Guarany  and  Marechal 
Mallet,  Parana. 

•  Pitangus  sulphuratus  maximiliani  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  is  a  very  unsatis- 
factory race,  differing  from  sulphuratus  by  somewhat  stronger  bill,  generally  paler 
yellow  under  parts,  more  white  about  the  forehead,  lighter  (less  orange)  crown  patch 
and,  as  a  rule,  less  conspicuous  rufous  edging  to  the  quills.  Certain  specimens  from 
Guiana,  however,  agree  in  several  or  all  of  these  points  with  Brazilian  birds. 

Material  examined. — Santa  Catharina  i,  Parana  2,  Sao  Paulo  8,  Rio  de  Janeiro  3, 
Bahia  9,  Goyaz  6,  Matto  Grosso  9,  Piauhy  i,  Ceara  i,  Maranhao  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  153 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  from  Maranhao  and  Piauhy 
south  to  Santa  Catharina,  west  through  Minas  Geraes  and  Goyaz  to 
Matto  Grosso  and  the  plains  of  eastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Beni). 

9 :  Brazil  (Quixada,  Ceard  i ;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  i ;  Rosario,  Maran- 
hao i;  Cururupu,  Maranhao  i;  Piraputanga  2,  Descalvados  i,  Urucum 
de  Corumbd,  Matto  Grosso  i);  Bolivia  (Trinidad,  Rio  Mamor^,  Dept. 
Beni  i). 

*Pitangus  sulphuratus  bolivianus  (Lafresnaye) .    BOLIVIAN  BEMTEVI. 

Saurophagus  bolivianus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  4,  p.  463,  1852 — 
Chuquisaca,  Bolivia. 

Tyrannus  sulphuratus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  42,  1837 — Montevideo,  Corrientes,  Cochabamba, 
Chuquisaca;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  304,  1839  (range, 
habits). 

Saurophagus  flavus  (not  Corvus  flavus  GMELIN)  Kaup,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  p.  44, 
1852 — southern  Brazil  and  Bolivia  (char.). 

Saurophagus  sulphuratus  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  245,  1860 — Argentina; 
idem,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  452,  1861 — Argentina;  DOERING,  Period. 
Zool.  Arg.  i,  p.  251,  1874 — Ri°  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  HOLMBERG,  Act. 
Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  5,  p.  78,  1884 — Ayacucho  to  Tandil,  Buenos  Aires. 

Saurophagus  bellicosus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2, 
p.  64,  1859 — Rio  Grande  [do  Sul]  and  Montevideo  (diag.). 

Pitangus  bellicosus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  142 — Conchitas, 
Buenos  Aires;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  178 — Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  I.e., 
1880,  p.  24 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882, 
p.  607 — City  of  Catamarca;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  280 — Paysandu,  Uruguay; 
DALGLEISH,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  6,  p.  247,  pi.  8,  fig.  i  (egg),  1881 — 
Est.  de  la  Tala,  Uruguay;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  200,  1883 — 
Concepcion,  Entrerios. 

Pitangus  bolivianus  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  134,  1885 — 
Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (crit.) ;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  147,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  177,  1888 — Uruguay,  Cosquin  (Cordoba),  Conchitas,  Punta  Lara, 
Buenos  Aires;  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — Lomas  de  Zamora;  HOLLAND, 
I.e.,  1890,  p.  425 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos  Aires;  KERR,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  130 — 
near  Fortin  Donovan,  Paraguay;  HOLLAND,  I.e.,  p.  200 — Est.  Espartillar; 
APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  P-  *79 — Uruguay;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6, 
p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10, 
No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — San  Jose1,  Paraguay;  idem,  I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  16, 
1897 — Caiza,  Bolivia;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Villa  Concepcion,  Paraguay; 
LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  186,  1902 — Tucuman;  LONNBERG, 
Ibis,  1903,  p.  469 — Fortin  Crevaux,  Bolivian  Chaco;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220, 
1904 — Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta; 
LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — Tucuman;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 


iS4  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

p.  589 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  119 — Los  Ynglases  (Aj6), 
Riacho  Ancho  (Argentina),  Mortero  (Paraguay);  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  404 — 
Cape  San  Antonio. 
Saurophagus  sulphuratus  bolivianus  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci. 

Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  bolivianus  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
16,  p.  136,  1899 — Mundo  Novo,  Novo  Hamburgo,  Pedras  Brancas,  Sao 
Lourenco;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  287,  1907 — Taquara  and  Novo  Ham- 
burgo, Rio  Grande  do  Sul ;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  i6,p.  201, 1909 — 
Ocampo,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Tucumdn,  La  Soledad  (Entrerios) ;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  341,  1910  (range  in  Argentina) ;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  333, 
1912 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Paraguay; 
HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  394,  1916 — La  Plata;  MARELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  79, 
1918 — Curuzii  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  SANZIN,  I.e.,  p.  151,  1918 — Alto  Verde, 
Mendoza;  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  238,  1919 — Isla  Martin  Garcia;  TREMOLERAS, 
I.e.,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Uruguay  (numerous  localities);  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  269, 
1922 — Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  SERI£  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — Santa 
Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e., 
p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for 
1922-23,  p.  648,  1924 — Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  17,  1925 — 
Bolivia  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  331,  1926 — Formosa 
(Argentina),  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay  (habits). 

Pitangus  sulphuratus  maximiliani  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto  Parana;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  17,  1925 — 
Montevideo  and  Corrientes. 
Range:     Highlands  of  Bolivia  (in  depts.  Cochabamba,  Santa  Cruz, 

Chuquisaca,  and  Tarija);  Argentina,  south  to  Mendoza,  Cordoba,  and 

Buenos  Aires;  Paraguay;  Uruguay;  and  extreme  southern  Brazil  (State 

of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul)*. 

17:     Bolivia  (Parotani,  Dept.  Cochabamba  i);  Uruguay  (Piedra  del 

Toro,  Pando  i ;  Maldonado  2 ;  near  San  Carlos  2) ;  Argentina  (Noetin- 

ger,   Prov.   Cordoba  2;  Estancia   La  Maria  Luisa,   Bonifacio,   Prov. 

Buenos  Aires  i;  Quilmes,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i;  San  Vicente,    Prov. 

Santa  Fe  i ;   Concepcion,  Prov.  Tucuman  §}. 

*Pitangus  lictor  lictor  (Lichtenstein).    LICTOR  FLYCATCHER. 

Lanius  lictor  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  49,  1823 — Pard. 

•  Birds  from  the  Bolivian  highlands,  when  compared  with  P.  s.  maximiliani  of 
eastern  Brazil,  are  easily  distinguished  by  their  much  larger  size,  heavier  bill,  and 
pale  brown  upper  parts,  with  very  narrow,  light  rufescent  edges  to  the  primaries. 
A  good  many  specimens  from  Argentina  are  similar  in  coloration,  though  they  very 
rarely  reach  the  maximum  measurements  of  the  Bolivian  bird;  others, especially  from 
Paraguay,  Uruguay,  Corrientes,  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  however,  come  very  close  to 
maximiliani,  and  it  is  largely  a  matter  of  personal  opinion  whether  they  should  be 
referred  to  the  western  rather  than  the  eastern  race. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia,  Dept.  Cochabamba:  Tujma  2,  Vinto  2,  Parotani  3, 
Mizque  i,  Tarata  i ;  near  Sucre,  Chuquisaca  i ;  Rio  Pilcomayo,  Tarija  i.  Argentina: 
Buenos  Aires  (Quilmes,  Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires)  3;  San  Vicente,  Santa  Fe  i; 
Corrientes  2;  Noetinger,  Cordoba  2;  Mendoza  2;  Tucuman  8.  Paraguay:  Trinidad 
3,  Puerto  Pinasco  i,  Bernalcu6,  near  Asuncion  2.  Uruguay:  Montevideo  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  155 

Megarynchus  flavus  (not  Corvusflavus  GMELIN)  THUNBERG,  Dissert.  Schaerstroem, 
No.  3,  1824  (see  Heine,  Journ.  Orn.,  7,  p.  341,  1859). 

Saurophagus  swainsonii  GOULD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  3,  "1835,"  p.  185,  April  1836 — 
South  America. 

Saurophagus  pusillus  SWAINSON,  Anim.  Menag.,  p.  284,  1838 — Brazil  and  Guiana. 

Muscicapa  cayennensis  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2), 
p.  846,  1831 — Rio  Doce,  Mucuri,  Belmonte,  south  to  Cabo  Frio. 

Saurophagus  lictor  GRAY  and  MITCHELL,  Gen.  Birds,  i,  p.  [246],  pi.  62,  1847; 
CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  648,  1848 — British 
Guiana;  KAUP,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  p.  44,  1852 — Pard  (char.);  BURMEISTER, 
Syst.  Obers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  462,  1856 — Brazil. 

Pitangus  lictor  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  578 — Mexianaj 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  in,  1868 — Engenho  do  Gama,  Poruti,  and  Villa 
Bella,  Matto  Grosso,  and  Forte  do  Rio  Branco;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  296 — 
Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  178,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-j, 
Matto  Grosso,  Bahia,  Mexiana,  Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana,  Iquitos; 
RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Santarem;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  10,  1899 — Rio  Santiago,  Ecuador; 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  48,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Ciu- 
dad  Bolivar,  Orinoco  River,  and  Suapure  and  La  Pricion,  Caura,  Venezuela; 
GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499 — Capim  River;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  287,  1907 — Bahia  and  Rio  Doce,  Espirito  Santo;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
*4»  P-  356,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  299,  1910 — 
Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  127,  1908 — Cayenne; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  675,  1907 — part,  excl.  Panama 
and  Colombia;  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  26,  p.  31,  1909 — Mexiana; 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  25,  89, 
1912 — Ipitinga,  Pard,  Capim;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  204 — 
Guinipi  and  Manimo  River,  Orinoco  delta;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p.  386,  1914 — Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puru,  Rio  Guamd  (S§o  Miguel),  Rio  Capim 
(Resacca),  Rio  Xingu  (Victoria),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Pinhel),  Maraj6  (Pindobal, 
Sao  Natal),  Mexiana,  Arumanduba;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  p.  240,  1916 — Orinoco  Valley;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  203, 
1921 — Upper  Takutu  Mts.,  Bartica,  Georgetown,  Aremu  River. 

Pitangus  lictor  lictor  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  78,1918 — 
vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Range:  Venezuela  (in  states  of  Zulia,  Trujillo,  Aragua,  and  on  the 
Orinoco  and  its  tributaries") ;  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  north- 
ern Brazil,  south  to  Matto  Grosso,  and  along  the  east  coast  as  far  south 
as  Cabo  Frio,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  eastern  Peru  (Iquitos;  San  Enrique,  Rio 
Ucayali) ;  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Santiago) ;  and  eastern  Colombia  (native 
Bogota  collections) b. 

•  No  authentic  record  exists  for  Trinidad,  sometimes  included  in  its  range. 

b  In  addition  to  those  listed  above  the  following  specimens  were  examined. 
Colombia:  Bogotd  3.  Venezuela:  Altagracia  Rio  Orinoco  i,  Caura  River  3. 
British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  2.  Brazil:  Mexiana  i ,  Ipitinga,  Rio  Acard  i ;  Humay- 
tha i,  Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira  i;  Matto  Grosso  2,  Bahia  2,  Rio  Doce,  Espirito 
Santo  i.  Peru:  Iquitos  i. 


156    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

8:  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  i);  Brazil  (Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  i; 
Descalvados,  Matto  Grosso  2) ;  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  east  of  Mara- 
caibo,  Zulia  i ;  La  Ceiba,  Trujillo  i ;  Maracay,  Aragua  i) ;  Peru  (San 
Enrique,  Rio  Ucayali  i). 

*Pitangus  lictor  panamensis  Bangs  and  Penard*.    WESTERN  LICTOR 
FLYCATCHER. 

Pitangus  lictor  panamensis  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
p.  78,  1918 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama. 

Pitangus  lictor  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y., 
7>  P-  327.  J862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1864,  p.  359 — Panama  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  178,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  k,  1,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  45,  1889 — part,  descr.  and  hab.  Panama;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool. 
Cl.,  2,  p.  21,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Nat.  Hist., 
13,  p.  146,  1900 — Cacagualito,  Santa  Marta  district;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  675,  1907 — part,  Panama,  Rio  Truando,  Rio  Atrato, 
Cacagualito,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  463, 
1917 — Boca  de  Chimi,  lower  Magdalena;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1918,  p.  266 — Gatun,  Panama;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  340,  1922 — Fundaci6n,  Trojas  de  Cataca,  Don  Diego,  and  Arroya  de  Are- 
nas, Colombia. 

Saurophagus  lictor  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  143 — Rivers 
Atrato  and  Truando. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Colon,  Panama)  and  littoral 
of  northern  Colombia  (from  the  Atrato  to  the  Santa  Marta  region). 

2:     Panama  (Colon  i);  Colombia  (Turbo,  Rio  Atrato  i). 

Genus  TOLMARCHUS  Ridgwayb. 

Tolmarchus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  209,  1905 — type  Pitangus 
taylori  SCLATER. 

*Tolmarchus  caudif asciatus  bahamensis  (Bryant}.  BAHAMAN  PETCHARY. 

Pitangus  bahamensis  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  9,  p.  279,  1864 — 
Bahama  Islands;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  180,  1888 — New  Provi- 
dence, Bahama  Islands;  RILEY  in  Shattuck,  The  Bahama  Islands,  p.  353, 
1905 — Bahama  Islands. 

*  Pitangus  lictor  panamensis  BANGS  and  PENARD:  Similar  in  coloration  to  P.  lictor 
lictor,  but  decidedly  smaller.  Wing  (of  male)  82-87  (against  89-96) ;  tail  69-70  (against 
73-82);  bill  20  (against  22-24). 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Colon  i,  Lion  Hill  2.  Colombia:  Turbo  i, 
Santa  Marta  i. 

b  According  to  my  conception  of  specific  units,  the  representatives  of  Tolmarchus 
on  the  various  islands  should  be  classed  as  subspecies,  their  characters  being  only 
differences  of  degree  in  size  and  coloration. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  157 

Tolmarchus  bahamensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  678, 
1907 — Bahamas  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  TODD  and  WORTHINGTON,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  7,  p.  424,  1911 — New  Providence  and  Andros;  BANGS,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  67,  p.  203,  1925 — Nassau  (type  in  M.  C.  Z.). 

Range:    Bahamas  (Abaco,  Little  Abaco,  New  Providence,  Great 
Bahama,  and  Andros  Islands). 

32:    Abaco  6;  New  Providence   (Nassau  7);  Great  Bahama   18; 
Andros  i. 

*Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  caudifasciatus  (D'Orbigny).    CUBAN  PET- 
CHARY. 

Tyrannus  caudifasciatus  D'ORBIGNY  in  La  Sagra,  Hist.  Nat.  Cuba,  Ois.,  p.  70, 
pi.  12,  1840 — Cuba. 

Pitangus  caudifasciatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  179,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a,  b,  San  Cristobal,  Cuba. 

Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  679, 
1907 — Cuba  and  Isle  of  Pines  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  TODD,  Ann.  Car- 
negie Mus.,  10,  p.  248,  1916 — Isle  of  Pines  (crit.,  habits);  BARBOUR,  Mem. 
Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  6,  p.  99,  1923 — Cuba. 

Range :    Cuba  and  Isle  of  Pines. 

6:    Cuba  (San  Diego  de  los  Banos  2;  eastern  Cuba  3;  unspecified  i). 

*Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  caymanensis  (Nicott).     GRAND  CAYMAN 
PETCHARY. 

Pitangus  caymanensis  NICOLL,  Ibis,  (8)  4,  p.  582,  1904 — Grand  Cayman. 

Pitangus  caudifasciatus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  179,  1888 — part,  spec,  i,  Grand  Cayman. 

Tolmarchus  caymanensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  681, 
1907 — Grand  Cayman  (monog.);  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  60,  p.  311, 
1916 — Grand  Cayman,  Little  Cayman,  and  Cayman  Brae  (crit.). 

Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  caymanensis  LOWE,  Ibis,  1909,  p.  343 — Grand  Cayman; 
idem,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  151 — Grand  Cayman. 

Range:    Cayman  Islands,  Greater  Antilles  (Grand  Cayman,  Little 
Cayman,  Cayman  Brae). 

20:    Cayman  Islands  (Grand  Cayman  19,  Cayman  Brae  i). 

*Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  jamaicensis  (Chapman).    JAMAICAN  PET- 
CHARY. 

Pitangus  jamaicensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  303,  1892 — 
Moneague,  Jamaica. 


1 58  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tyrannus  caudifasciatus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  GOSSE,  Birds  Jamaica,  p.  177,  1847; 
idem,  Illustr.  Birds  Jamaica,  pi.  44,  1849 — Jamaica. 

Pitangus  caudifasciatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  179,  1888 — part, 
spec,  c-h,  Moneague,  Jamaica. 

Tolmarchus  jamaicensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  682, 
1907 — Jamaica  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range :    Island  of  Jamaica. 

22:  Jamaica  (Priestmans  River  12,  Port  Antonio  4,  Kingston  3, 
unspecified  3). 

*Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  taylori  (Sclater).    PORTO  RICAN  PETCHARY. 

Pitangus  taylori  SCLATER,  Ibis,  6,  p.  169,  1864 — Porto  Rico;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  180,  1888 — Porto  Rico.  x 

Tolmarchus  taylori  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  684,  1907 — 
Porto  Rico  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  WETMORE,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Bull., 
326,  p.  78,  1916 — Porto  Rico  (habits,  food). 

Range:    Island  of  Porto  Rico,  including  Vieques  Island. 
21 :    Porto  Rico  (Mayaquez  n,  unspecified  10). 

*Tolmarchus  caudifasciatus  gabbii  (Lawrence}.    HAITIAN  PETCHARY. 

Pitangus  gabbii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  xx,  p.  288,  1876 — Hato 
Viejo,  Prov.  Santiago,  Santo  Domingo;  CORY,  Birds  Haiti  and  San  Domingo, 
p.  76,  pi.  (22),  fig.  2,  1885;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  180,  1888 — 
San  Domingo;  CHERRIE,  Field  Columb.  Mus.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  17,  1896 — 
Honduras,  Santo  Domingo;  VERRILL  and  VERRILL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
61,  p.  361,  1909 — Miranda,  San  Domingo. 

Tolmarchus  gabbii  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  683,  1907 — 
Isl.  of  Haiti  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
61,  p.  415,  1917 — Monte  Cristi,  Bulla,  Santo  Domingo;  KAEMPFER,  Journ. 
Orn.,  72,  p.  180,  1924 — Tubano,  Prov.  Azua. 

Range:    Island  of  Haiti. 

6:  Haiti  (Port  au  Prince  2,  Le  Coup  i);  Santo  Domingo  (Magua  2, 
Honduras  i). 

Subfamily  MYIARCHINAE. 
Genus  MYIARCHUS  Cabanis*. 

Myiarchus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  272,  1844 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY,  1855)  M uscicapa  ferox  GMELIN. 

•  In  the  case  of  the  South  American  species  the  original  descriptions  and  a  few 
additional  references  only  are  quoted.  For  a  complete  bibliography  the  reader  is 
referred  to  W.  E.  C.  Todd's  monographic  study  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  181- 
218,  1922). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  159 

Onychopterus  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  65,  1850 — type  by  subs,  desig. 

(GRAY,  1855)  Tyrannus  tuberculifer  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 
Kaupornis  BONAPARTE,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.  Paris,  (4)  Zool.,  i,  p.  133,  1854   (nomen 

nudum);  GRAY,  Cat.  Gen.  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  146,  1855 — type  Tyrannus  stolidus 

GOSSE. 
Myionax  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  73,  1859 — type  by  subs,  desig. 

(SCLATER  1888)  Turdus  crinitus  LINNAEUS. 
Muscifur  BANGS  and  PENARDB,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64,  p.  376,  1921 — type 

by  orig.  desig.  Myiarchus  semirufus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN. 

*Myiarchus  crinitus  (Linnaeus).    CRESTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Turdus  crinilus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  icthed.,  i,  p.  170, 1758 — based  on  Musci- 
capa  cristata,  venire  luteo  CATESBY,  Nat.  Hist.  Carolina,  i,  p.  52,  Carolina. 

Muscicapa  virginea  P.  L.  S.  MULLER,  Natursyst.,  Suppl.,  p.  168,  1776 — based  on 
Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  569,  fig.  i,  Virginia. 

Muscicapa  ludoviciana  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  934,  1789 — based  on  "Tyran 
de  la  Louisiane"  Buffon,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.,  4,  p.  583,  Louisiana. 

Tyrannus  irritabilis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  66..,  35,  p.  76,  1819 — 
new  name  for  Muscicapa  crinila  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  AmeY.  Sept.,  pi.  45, 
North  America. 

Myiarchus  crinitus  boreus  BANGS,  Auk,  15,  p.  179,  1898 — Scituate,  Massachusetts. 

Myiarchus  crinitus  residuus  HOWE,  Contrib.  N.  Amer.  Orn.,  i,  p.  30,  May  21, 
1902 — Ishtopaga  Lake,  Florida;  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  30, 
1904 — Florida  Peninsula  (crit.). 

Myiarchus  crinitus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  247,  1888 — eastern  North 
America,  in  winter  south  to  Panama  and  Colombia;  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  17,  p.  29,  1904  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  613,  1907  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  105,  1907 — Los  Amates  and  Gualan,  Guatemala; 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  695,  1910 — Bolson  and  Guapiles,  Costa 
Rica;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  184,  1922 — list  of  South  American 
references;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  I.e.,  14,  p.  348,  1922 — Bonda  and  Mama- 
toco,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Myiarchus  crinitus  crinitus  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Yerba  Buena  and 
Montelunga,  Tamaulipas;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  219,  1922 — Jesusito,  Darien. 

Range :  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  Manitoba, 
central  Ontario,  southern  Quebec,  and  New  Brunswick  south  to  southern 
Texas  and  southern  Florida,  wintering  from  Mexico  south  to  Panama 
and  Colombia;  accidental  in  Wyoming  and  Cuba. 

59:  Maine  (New  Vineyard  i);  Massachusetts  (Brookline  i);  Con- 
necticut (Saybrook  i,  East  Hartford  2);  New  York  (Syracuse  i,  Peter- 

•  The  only  absolute  characters  not  shared  by  any  other  members  of  the  genus 
are  the  peculiar  color  pattern  and  the  slightly  rougher  scutellation  of  the  tarsus,  but 
they  seem  hardly  of  generic  value. 


160  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

boro  i);  New  Jersey  (Englewood  i);  Ohio  (Tiffin  i,  Columbus  i);  Wis- 
consin (Beaver  Dam  3,  Lake  Koshkonong  i);  Illinois  (Desplaines 
River  2,  New  Lenox  i,  Lake  Forest  i,  Fox  Lake  i,  Chicago  i,  Joliet  3, 
Mound  City  i,  Olive  Branch  i,  Grand  Chain  3);  Missouri  (Holly 
Springs  2,  Vicksburg  3);  Tennessee  (Waverly  i);  Texas  (Corpus  Christi 
4,  Fort  Worth  n);  Florida  (New  River  i,  Punta  Rassa  i,  Key  West  3); 
Mexico  (Tampico,  Tamaulipas  i);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  2, 
Gualan  i);  Costa  Rica  (Limon  i). 

*Myiarchus  cinerascens  cinerascens  (Lawrence).    ASH-THROATED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Tyrannula  cinerascens  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  5, "  1852,"  p.  121, 
pub.  Sept.  1851 — western  Texas. 

Tyrannula  mexicana  KAUP,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  p.  51,  pub.  Oct.  1852 — Mexico 
(type  in  Darmstadt  Museum  examined);  OSGOOD,  Auk,  24,  p.  219,  1907 
(crit.  note  on  type). 

Myiarchus  cinerascens  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  248,  1888 — part,  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona,  Texas,  and  through  Mexico  to  Guatemala;  NELSON,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  33,  1904  (monog.);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.  i,  p.  105,  1907 — El  Rancho  and  Lake  Atitlan,  Guatemala. 

Myiarchus  cinerascens  cinerascens  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  625,  1907 — western  United  States  and  northern  Mexico,  southward  in 
winter  to  Guatemala  (monog.);  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  41,  1914 — 
Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  89,  1915 — California. 

Range :  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  Washing- 
ton, northern  Utah,  Colorado,  and  central  Texas  to  northern  Lower 
California,  Sinaloa,  Durango,  and  Tamaulipas,  wintering  south  to 
Guatemala  and  Yucatan. 

54:  California  (Alhambra  i,  Santa  Cruz  i,  Santa  Monica  2,  Nicasio, 
Marin  County  2);  Arizona  (Calabasas  17,  Phoenix  i,  Santa  Rita  Moun- 
tains 2,  Huachuca  Mountains  10);  New  Mexico  (Members  2);  Sonora 
(Cerro  Blanco  Mines  i);  Chihuahua  (Babicora  i);  Jalisco  (Tuxpam  3); 
Guerrero  (Iguala  5) ;  Guatemala  (El  Rancho,  Zacapa  3,  Lake  Atitlan  3). 

Myiarchus  cinerascens  pertinax   Baird.     LOWER  CALIFORNIA  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  pertinax  BAIRD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1859,  p.  303 — Cape  San 
Lucas,  Lower  California. 

Myiarchus  cinerascens  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  248, 
1888 — part,  spec,  d-f,  Cape  San  Lucas  and  La  Paz,  Lower  California. 

Myiarchus  cinerascens  pertinax  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  41,  p.  117, 
1902 — Cape  San  Lucas  region  (monog.);  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  161 

i7»  P-  36,  1904  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  628, 
1907 — southern  Lower  California  (monog.,  full  synonymy). 

Range:    Southern  Lower  California. 

*Myiarchus  nuttingi  nuttingi  Ridgway.    NUTTING'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  nuttingi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  5,  p.  395,  1882 — La  Palma 
de  Nicoya,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  250,  1888 — part, 
Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  92,  1889 — 
part,  La  Palma  de  Nicoya;  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  37,  1904 — 
Costa  Rica  to  Chiapas  (monog.);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 
Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  106,  1907 — El  Rancho  and  San  Jose",  Guatemala. 

Myiarchus  nuttingi  nuttingi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  629, 
1907 — Mexico  (in  states  of  Oaxaca  and  Chiapas),  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and 
western  Costa  Rica  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 
— Barranca,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  34,  1909 — 
Costa  Rica  (crit.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  695,  1910 — Costa 
Rica. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Oaxaca  and  Chiapas)  south 
through  Guatemala  and  Honduras  to  western  Costa  Rica  (shores  of  the 
Gulf  of  Nicoya  and  lower  Temisque  Valley). 

5:    Guatemala  (El  Rancho,  Zacapa  3,  San  Jose",  Esquintla  2). 

*Myiarchus  nuttingi  inquietus  Salvin  and  Godman.    GUERRERO  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  inquietus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2,  p.  88, 
1889 — Acahuizotla,  Guerrero. 

Myiarchus  nuttingi  inquietus  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  38,  1904 
(monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  631,  1907 — Mexico 
(monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range :  Western,  central,  and  southern  Mexico  in  states  of  Sonora, 
Chihuahua,  Sinaloa,  Jalisco,  Durango,  Guanajuato,  Zacatecas,  Michoa- 
can,  Morelos,  Puebla,  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  Chiapas,  and  Tepic. 

i:    Jalisco  (Tuxpam  i). 

*Myiarchus  brachyurus  Ridgway*.    OMETEPE  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  brachyurus  RIDGWAY,  Man.  N.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  334,  1887 — Ometepe, 
Nicaragua;  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  40,  1904  (monog.);  BANGS, 
I.e.,  22,  p.  34,  1909 — Costa  Rica  (crit.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  694,  1910 — northwestern  Costa  Rica  (crit.). 

*  Judging  from  the  few  specimens  examined,  I  am  inclined  to  follow  Messrs. 
Nelson  and  Bangs  in  considering  this  bird  as  specifically  different  from  M.  nuttingi 
which  occupies  practically  the  same  range. 


162  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiarchus  nultingi  brachyurus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  630,  1907 — southern  Mexico,  Nicaragua,  and  western  Costa  Rica  (monog., 
full  bibliography). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (Tonala,  State  of  Chiapas);  Nicaragua 
(Ometepe,  San  Juan  del  Sur);  western  Costa  Rica  (Orosi,  Miravelles, 
San  Lucas,  Mojica  Pacifica,  Bahia  de  Salinas,  Coralillo,  Bolson,  Cerro 
de  Santa  Maria,  Tenorio). 

i:    Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i). 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  magister  Ridgivay*.    ARIZONA  CRESTED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  magister  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  2,  p.  90,  1884 — 
Camp  Lowell,  Arizona;  NELSON,  I.e.,  17,  p.  33,  1904  (monog.);  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  623,  1907 — southern  Arizona  and  Mexico 
(monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  (not  Tyrannula  mexicana  KAUP)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  250,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  f,  Tres  Marias. 

Myiarchus  magister  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  89, 
1886 — part,  Sonora,  Sinaloa,  and  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

Myiarchus  magister  magister  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  44,  1914 — 
Arizona. 

Range:  Southern  Arizona  and  southwestern  New  Mexico,  south- 
ward through  western  Mexico  (in  states  of  Sonora,  Sinaloa,  Jalisco, 
Morelos,  Michoacan,  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  and  Chiapas)  to  the  Territory 
of  Tepic,  including  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

10:    Arizona  (Calabasas  7,  Fullers  i,  Camp  Lowell  i,  Tuscon  i). 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  nelson!  Ridgway.     MEXICAN  CRESTED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  magister  nelsoni  RiDGWAYb,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  903, 
1907 — Alta  Mira,  Tamaulipas;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Yerba  Buena, 
Portrero,  Matamoros,  and  Carricitos,  Tamaulipas;  PETERS,  I.e.,  30,  p.  376, 
1913 — Xcopen  and  Camp  Mengel,  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  (not  Tyrannula  mexicana  KAUP)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  250,  1888 — part,  Merida,  Yucatan,  Cozumel  Island,  Ruatan 
and  San  Pedro  (Honduras),  Atlisco  (Puebla)  and  (?)  Oaxaca;  NELSON,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  31,  1904  (monog.);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  106,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Guatemala. 

•  M.  magister  and  its  eastern  ally  M.  m.  nelsoni,  although  widely  separated 
geographically,  are  clearly  conspecific  with  M.  tyrannulus. 

b  Tyrannula  cooperi  KAUP  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  p.  51,  Oct.  1852 — "North  America 
and  Chile")  sometimes  referred  here,  is  merely  a  misapplication  of  Muscicapa  cooperi 
Nuttall  (  =  Nuttattornis  mesoleucus). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  163 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  mexicanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  621,  1907 — Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley  of  Texas  and  through  eastern  Mexico 
to  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  and  Salvador  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Myiarchus  magister  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  89,  1889 — part,  Tamaulipas,  Vera  Cruz,  Teapa,  Chiapas,  Yucatan, 
British  Honduras,  Honduras,  Guatemala;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  361 — Cozu- 
mel  and  Ruatan  Islands  (crit.). 

Range:  Lower  Rio  Grande  Valley,  Texas,  south  through  eastern 
Mexico  (states  of  Tamaulipas,  Nuevo  Leon,  Coahuila,  San  Luis  Potosi, 
Vera  Cruz,  Puebla,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco,  Yucatan,  and  Quintana  Roo)  to 
British  Honduras,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and  Salvador. 

10 :  Texas  (Lomita  Ranch  i);  Tamaulipas  (Matamoros  i,  Yerba 
Buena  i) ;  San  Luis  Potosi  (Valles  2) ;  Yucatan  (Rio  Lagatos  2) ;  Brit- 
ish Honduras  (Ruatan  Island  2);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  i). 

*Myiarchus   tyrannulus   brevipennis    Hartert*.      CURACAO    CRESTED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  brevipennis  HARTERT,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  3,  p.  XII,  1892 — Aruba, 
Curacao,  and  Bonaire,  Dutch  West  Indies;  idem,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  298 — Aruba 
(crit.);  p.  318 — Savonet,  Curasao;  p.  328 — Bonaire;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
p.  300,  1902 — Aruba,  Curacao,  Bonaire. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  of  MCLLER)  LOWE,  Ibis,  1907,  p.  118 — Blanquilla 
Island  (see  idem,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  318). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  brevipennis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  26,  in  text,  1906 
(crit.);  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  200,  1909 — Aruba; 
p.  207 — Curagao;  p.  212 — Bonaire;  p.  216 — Los  Roques;  p.  225 — Blanquilla 
(ex  LOWE). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tyrannulus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  185,  1922 — 
part,  Dutch  West  Indies. 

Range:  Dutch  West  Indies  (Islands  of  Aruba,  Curacao,  and  Bon- 
aire) and  Los  Roques  and  Blanquilla  Islands,  off  northern  coast  of 
Venezuela. 

7:    Aruba  2;  Curacao  2;  Bonaire  2;  Los  Roques  i. 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tyrannulus  (Mutter).    GUIANAN  CRESTED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Muscicapa  tyrannulus  P.  L.  S.  MILLER,  Natursyst.,  Suppl.,  p.  169,  1776 — 
based  on  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  571,  fig.  i,  Cayenne. 

•  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  brevipennis  HAREERT:  Very  close  to  M.  t.  tyrannulus,  but 
coloration  slightly  paler,  particularly  on  the  abdomen;  tarsus  proportionately  longer; 
bill  much  more  slender. 

Sixteen  specimens  from  Aruba,  Curacao,  Bonaire,  and  Los  Roques  examined. 


164  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscicapa  aurora  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  34,  1783 — based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  571,  fig.  i,  Cayenne. 

Myiarchus  erythrocercus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628,  631 — 
Caracas,  Venezuela. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec, 
q-t,  Santa  Marta,  Caracas,  Trinidad,  Cayenne. 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116, 
1868— part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tyrannulus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.,  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  185,  1922 — 
part,  references  and  localities  in  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  and  Guiana; 
idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  347,  1922 — Bonda,  Cautilito, 
Mamatoco,  Rio  Hacha,  Fundaci6n,  La  Tigrera,  and  San  Francisco,  Santa 
Marta  region. 

Range :  Island  of  Trinidad  (rare) ;  Venezuela,  including  Margarita 
and  Testigos  Islands,  south  to  the  Orinoco  Valley;  French,  Dutch,  and 
British  Guiana;  adjacent  section  of  northern  Brazil  (upper  Rio  Branco) ; 
northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region,  west  to  the  mouth  of  theMag- 
dalena  River). 

39:  Venezuela  (Margarita  Island  15;  Los  Testigos  5;  Cumand, 
Bermudez  i ;  Macuto,  Caracas  i ;  Maracay ,  Aragua  9 ;  Puerto  Cabello, 
Carabobo  i;  Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  4);  British  Guiana  (unspecified  i); 
Brazil  (Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  2). 

^Myiarchus  tyrannulus  chlorepiscius  Berlepsch  and  Leverkuhn*.  MATTO 
GROSSO  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  chlorepiscius  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  16, 
1890 — Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso  (type)  and  San  Miguel,  Guarayos,  Bolivia 
(spec,  examined);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, p.  203,  1909 — Oran 
(Salta),  Tucuman,  and  Mocovi  (Chaco);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455, 
1918 — Bellavista,  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  98,  1921 — 
Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru;  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  72,  1923 — La 
Rioja;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  18,  1925 — Corrientes. 

Tyrannus  crinitus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i, 
in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  43,  1837 — Corrientes  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  of  GMELIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — part, 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  SCLATER  and  HUD- 
SON, Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  156,  1888 — Catamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

•  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  chlorepiscius  BERLEPSCH  nnd  LEVERKUHN:  Very  similar 
to  M.  t.  tyrannulus,  but  with  larger  bill;  upper  parts  on  average  paler,  more  olive 
gray;  rufous  area  of  tail  feathers  as  a  rule  more  extensive. 

This  is  rather  an  unsatisfactory  race,  but  I  am  unwilling  to  unite  it  with  M.  t. 
tyrannulus,  in  view  of  its  range  being  widely  separated  from  that  of  the  Guianan 
Crested  Flycatcher.  Forty  specimens  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  165 

14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  n-w,  a',  b',  Sarayacu  and  Maranura  (Peru), 
Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso,  Bolivia,  Catamarca;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  342,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  KOSLOWSKY, 
Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  290,  1895 — Catamarca;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Uruciim,  Matto  Grosso;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  348,  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  GRANT,  Ibis, 
1911,  p.  122 — Puerto  Asir  (Paraguay),  Pan  de  Azucar  (Matto  Grosso),  and 
Colonia  Mihanovitch  (Terr.  Formosa). 

Myiarchus  erythrocercus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1868)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16 — Maranura,  Peru;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  n,  1895 — Puerto  Francia,  Paraguay;  idem,  l.c.,  12, 
No.  292,  p.  16,  1897 — Caiza  (Bolivia)  and  San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tyrannulus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  185,  1922 — 
part,  references  and  localities  in  Peru,  Bolivia,  Matto  Grosso,  Paraguay,  and 
Argentina;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  I33,p.  335,  1926 — west  ofPuerto 
Pinasco,  Paraguay. 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  Morepiscius  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  89, 
1906 — Santa  Ana,  Peru  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  south  to  La  Rioja,  Catamarca,  Cor- 
doba, Santa  Fe",  and  Corrientes;  Paraguay;  State  of  Matto  Grosso, 
Brazil;  eastern  Bolivia;  eastern  Peru  (Urubamba  Valley;  Sarayacu, 
Ucayali;  upper  Maranon). 

24  :  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman  ( Concepcion  1 1 ,  Tucuman  i ) ; 
Brazil,  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum  de  Corumba  8,  Piraputanga  2,  Descal- 
vados  i,  Gahiba-mirin  i). 

*Myiarchus   tyrannulus   bahiae    Berlepsch   and    Leverkuhn*.     BAHIA 
CRESTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  bahiae  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  17,  in  text,  1890 — 
Bahia  (type)  and  Goyaz. 

Muscicapa  ferox  (not  of  GMELIN)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  855,  1831 — 
part,  "male,"  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Cabo  Frio,  and  Campos  dos  Goaytacazes, 
Prov.  Rio. 

Myiarchus  ferox  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — part,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Ypanema,  Cimeterio,  Goyaz,  and  Rio  Muria  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  ex- 
amined). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MILLER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  x-z,  Bahia;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 

•  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  bahiae  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKOHN:  Similar  to  M.  t. 
tyrannulus,  but  rufous  border  to  inner  web  of  rectrices  more  restricted,  not  sharply 
denned  from  the  dusky  area,  and  frequently  wanting  on  the  two  outer  feathers  of 
each  side. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Muria,  Para  i;  Santarem  5;  Obidos  4;  Maranhao  5; 
Piauhy  2;  Bahia  2,  Lamarao  i,  Sao  Amaro  i;  Goyaz  (City)  5;  Leopoldina,  Rio 
Araguaya  2 ;  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  i ;  Ypanema  5,  Cimeterio 
do  Lambari,  Sao  Paulo  i. 


166  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Braz.,  i,  p.  293,  1907 — Campinas,  Pirassununga,  Franca,  Rincao,  Ita.ra.r6, 
Avanhandava,  Bebedouro,  Itapura,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  388,  1914 — Monte  Alegre. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  bahiae  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  294,  1907 — Bahia; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  53,  1908 — Goyaz  and  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz 
(crit.);  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  76,  1910 — 
Solidade,  near  Carnahyba  (Bahia)  and  Serra  near  Parnagua  (Piauhy) ;  HELL- 
MAYR, Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  90,  1912 — Rio 
Muria,  near  Para;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  442,  1914 — Joazeiro  (eggs 
descr.);  LIMA,  I.e.,  12,  (2),  p.  100,  1920 — Bahia;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
35»  P-  I9I»  J922 — Brazil,  from  the  lower  Amazon  to  Sao  Paulo  (monog.). 
Range:  Brazil,  from  the  lower  Amazon  Valley  (Obidos;  Serra  de 

Erere",  near  Monte  Alegre;  Rio  Tapaj6z;  Rio  Tocantins;  Rio  Murid,  east 

of  Para)  south  through  Maranhao,  Piauhy,  Bahia,  and  Goyaz  to  Rio 

de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo. 

9:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Sao  Luiz  2,  Tury-assu  i,  Cururupu  i) ;  Piauhy 

(Ardra  i);  Minas  Geraes  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa  i);  Bahia 

(Sao  Amaro  i);  Sao  Paulo  (Bauni  2). 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  pallescens  Cory*.    CEARA  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  pallescens  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  x, 
p.  343,  1916 — Jua,,  Ceara;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  192,  1922 — 
Ceara  (crit.). 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil  (State  of  Ceara). 
2:    Ceara  (Jud,  near  Iguatu  2). 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tobagensis   Hellmayr  and  Seilern*.     TOBAGO 
FLYCATCHER. 

a  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  pallescens  CORY:  Nearest  to  M.  t.  chlorepiscius,  but  even 
paler  above  (near  citrine  drab);  throat  and  chfest  paler,  more  whitish  gray  (pallid 
neutral  gray).  From  its  geographical  neighbour  M.  t.  bahiae,  it  may  be  distinguished 
by  lighter,  more  greenish  upper  parts,  paler  throat  and  chest,  and  by  having  the  rufous 
of  the  tail  more  extensive  as  well  as  better  defined. 

Material  examined. — Ceara:   Jua,  near  Iguatii  2. 

b  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tobagensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN  combines  the  deeply 
colored  upper  parts  and  pale  yellow  abdomen  of  M.  t.  nugator,  with  the  slender  bill 
and  the  pattern  of  the  outer  rectrices  of  M.  t.  tyrannulus.  It,  thus,  differs  from  the 
former  by  much  smaller  bill  and  much  wider  dusky  stripe  along  the  shaft  on  the  outer 
web  of  the  outermost  rectrix,  and  from  the  latter  by  much  darker,  deep  olive  instead 
of  light  grayish  olive  back,  with  the  pileum  hardly  darker  and  devoid  of  rufescent 
suffusion,  and  much  paler  yellow  abdomen.  The  markings  on  the  larger  upper  wing 
coverts  are  dull  buffy  grayish  as  in  its  allies.  Wing  (female)  91-94;  tail  87-89;  bill 
19/^-20. 

Although  not  recognized  by  Todd,  this  is  a  well  marked  form,  connecting 
the  continental  M.  t.  tyrannulus  with  the  Antillean  representatives  (M.  oberi  group). 
In  worn  plumage,  when  the  color  characters  almost  entirely  disappear,  Tobago 
specimens  can  hardly  be  told  from  M.  t.  tyrannulus. 

Material  examined. — Tobago:  Man  of  War  Bay  i,  Richmond  i,  Lecito  i, 
Castare  2,  Mondland  i,  unspecified  9. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  167 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tobagensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay., 

12,  p.  89,  1914 — Tobago. 
Tyrannus  crinitus  (not  Turdus  crinitus  LINNAEUS)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.,  20,  p.  330,  1847 — Tobago  (part,  "male"  only). 
Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  p,  Tobago;  CORY,  Auk,  10,  p.  220, 

1893 — Tobago;  DALMAS,  M6m.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  139,  1900 — Tobago. 

Myiarchus  oberi  nugator  (not  of  RILEY)  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  619,  1907 — part,  Tobago  (crit.). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tyrannulus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  185,  1922 — 
part,  Tobago. 

Range :    Island  of  Tobago. 
9 :    Tobago. 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  nugator  Riley*,    GRENADA  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  oberi  nugator  RILEY,  Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.,  47,  p.  275,  1904 — Grenada; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  619,  1907 — part,   southern 
,       Lesser  Antilles  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  b-e,  h-j,  Grenada  and  St.  Vincent. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  tyrannulus  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  276, 
1905 — part,  St.  Vincent,  Grenadines,  Grenada  (crit.,  habits,  nest  and  eggs). 

Myiarchus  oberi  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CORY,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  473 — St.  Vincent;  idem, 
Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  126,  1889 — part,  St.  Vincent  and  Grenada. 

Range:  Southern  Lesser  Antilles  (St.  Vincent,  Bequia,  Mustique, 
Mayreau,  Union,  the  Tobago  Keys,  Prune  Island,  Carriacou,  and 
Grenada). 

1 1 :    St.  Vincent  6;  Grenada  5. 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  oberi  Lawrence*.    OBER'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  oberi  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  New  York  Ac.  Sci.,  i,  p.  48,  1877 — Dominica; 
idem,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  I,  p.  59,  1878 — Dominica;  idem,  I.e.,  8,  p.  622, 
1885 — Guadeloupe;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  126,  1889 — part,  Dominica; 
NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  570 — Dominica. 

*  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  nugator  RILEY:  Nearest  to  M.  t.  tobagensis,  but  with  much 
larger,  stronger  bill;  dusky  portion  on  inner  web  of  lateral  rectrices  reduced  to  a  nar- 
row stripe  along  the  shaft,  not  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  outer  vane;  foreneck 
less  shaded  with  grayish. 

Material  examined. — St.  Vincent  7,  Grenada  8. 

b  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  oberi  LAWRENCE:  Similar  to  M.  t.  nugator,  but  lower 
mandible  blacker;  pileum  darker,  more  sooty;  backless  olivaceous;  edges  to  wing- 
coverts  narrower  and  decidedly  rusty  (never  whitish),  those  of  upper  tail  coverts 
more  conspicuous  as  well  as  brighter  cinnamon  rufous.  Wing  (male)  98-102,  (female) 
94-97;  tail  92-94,  (female)  86-92;  bill  21-24. 

Material  examined. — Dominica  10,  Guadeloupe  3. 


i68  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  k-  m,  Dominica;  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1889,  p.  326 — Dominica. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  oberi  VERRILL,  Trans.  Conn.  Ac.  Sci.,  8,  p.  336,  1892 — 
Dominica  (habits). 

Myiarchus  oberi  oberi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  617,  1907 — 
part,  Dominica  (monog.);  NOBLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  60,  p.  382,  1916 — 
Saint  Roses,  Guadeloupe. 

Range:    Islands  of  Dominica  and  Guadeloupe,  Lesser  Antilles. 
6 :    Dominica. 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  sanctae-luciae  Hellmayr  and  Seilern*.    SANTA 
LUCIA  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  sanctae-luciae  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges. 
Bay,  12,  p.  201,  1915 — Santa  Lucia. 

Myiarchus  erythrocercus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1871,  p.  271 — Santa  Lucia;  SEMPER,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  650 — Santa  Lucia  (habits). 

Myiarchus  oberi  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  5,  p.  166,  1880 — 
Santa  Lucia;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  126,  1889 — part,  Santa  Lucia. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  n,  o,  Santa  Lucia;  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1889,  p.  395 — Santa  Lucia. 

Myiarchus  oberi  oberi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  617,  1907 — 
part,  Santa  Lucia. 

Range :    Island  of  Santa  Lucia,  Lesser  Antilles. 
3 :    Santa  Lucia. 

*Myiarchus  tyrannulus  berlepschii  Coryb.    BERLEPSCH'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  berlepschii  CORY,  Auk,  5,  p.  266,  1888 — St.  Kitts;  idem,  8,  p.  48,  1891 
— St.  Kitts;  idem,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  293,  1889— St.  Kitts;  RILEY,  Smiths. 
Misc.  Coll.,  47,  p.  287,  1904 — Barbuda  (crit.). 

Myiarchus  oberi  (not  of  LAWRENCE  1877)  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 

J»  P-  239.  1878 — Barbuda. 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  251,  1888 — part,  spec,  g,  Nevis. 

•  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  sanctae-luciae  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN:  Similar  to  M.  t. 
oberi,  but  considerably  larger;  pileum  lighter  (deep  grayish  brown  instead  of  sooty) 
and  edges  to  upper  tail  coverts  less  distinct.  Wing  (male)  105-109,  (female)  100-103; 
tail  98-100,  (female)  91-96;  bill  24-25. 

Material  examined. — Santa  Lucia  1 1 . 

b  Myiarchus  tyrannulus  berlepschii  CORY:  In  coloration  similar  to  M.  t.  oberi,  but 
decidedly  smaller,  with  shorter,  weaker  bill.  Wing  91-94,  (female)  89-92;  tail  84-90; 
bill  20-2 1 .  I  do  not  see  any  difference  between  specimens  from  St.  Kitts  and  Barbuda. 

Material  examined. — St.  Kitts  7,  Barbuda  6. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  169 

Myiarchus  oberi  berlepschii  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  620, 
1907 — St.  Christopher  (  =  St.  Kitts)  and  Barbuda  (monog.). 

Range:    Islands  of  St.  Kitts,  Nevis,  and  Barbuda. 
7:    St.  Kitts. 

Myiarchus  sclateri  Lawrence*.    SCLATER'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  sclateri  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  357,  1879 — Mar- 
tinique; CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  127,  1889 — Martinique;  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  639,  1907 — Martinique  (monog.). 

Range :    Island  of  Martinique,  Lesser  Antilles. 

Myiarchus  yucatanensis  Lawrence*.    YUCATAN  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  mexicanus  (not  Tyrannula  mexicana  KAUP)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye. 
Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  202,  1869 — MeYida,  Yucatan. 

Myiarchus  yucatanensis  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  22,  p.  235,  1871 — 
Me>ida,  Yucatan;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  260,  1888 — Yucatan 
and  Cozumel  Island;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Americ.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  93,  1889 — Yucatan;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  362 — Cozumel  Island  (crit.); 
NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  41,  1904  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  632,  1907 — Yucatan  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range:    Yucatan,  including  Cozumel  Island. 

*Myiarchus  stolidus  antillarum  (Bryant).    PORTO  Rico  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannus  antillarum  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  10,  p.  249,  1866 — 
Porto  Rico  (type  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge). 

Myiarchus  antillarum  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  262,  1888 — Porto  Rico; 
CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  125,  1889 — Porto  Rico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  638,  1888 — Porto  Rico  and  Vieques  (monog.,  full  bibli- 
ography); WETMORE,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Bull.,  326,  p.  81,  1916 — Porto  Rico 
and  Vieques  (habits,  food);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
67,  p.  204,  1925 — Porto  Rico  (note  on  type). 

Range:    Island  of  Porto  Rico  (including  Vieques),  Greater  Antilles. 
12:    Porto  Rico  (Mayaguez  6,  unspecified  6). 

*Myiarchus  stolidus  dominicensis  (Bryant).     SANTO  DOMINGO  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Tyrannula  stolida  (Var.,  dominicensis}  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  11, 
"1866,"  p.  90,  May  1867 — Santo  Domingo. 

•  This  species  of  which  the  type  is  still  unique  we  have  not  seen.  Judging  from 
published  descriptions,  it  appears  to  be  nearly  related  to  M .  t.  oberi  but  to  differ  by 
its  smaller  size,  pattern  of  rectrices,  lack  of  rusty  edges  to  outer  web  of  remiges,  and 
ashy  sides  of  the  body. 

b  This  species  with  which  we  are  not  acquainted  is  stated  by  Sclater  and  Nelson 
to  be  nearly  related  to  the  M.  stolidus  group  of  the  West  Indies. 


170  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiarchus  ruficaudatus  CORY,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  95,  1883 — Santo  Do- 
mingo. 

Myiarchus  dominicensis  CORY,  Birds  Haiti  and  San  Domingo,  p.  79,  pi.  [22], 
fig.  3,  1885 — Santo  Domingo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  260,  1888— 
Samana,  Santo  Domingo;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  127,  1889 — Haiti  and  San 
Domingo;  CHERRIE,  Field  Columb.  Mus.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  18, 1896 — Santo 
Domingo;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  634,  1907 — Haiti 
(monog.,  full  bibliography);  VERRILL  and  VERRILL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci., 
Phila.,  61,  p.  361,  1909 — Santo  Domingo;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
61,  p.  415,  1917 — Monte  Christi,  Sostia,  and  Choco,  San  Domingo. 

Range :    Island  of  Haiti,  Greater  Antilles. 

73 :  Haiti  (Port  au  Prince  i ,  Le  Coup  4,  Jacmel,  Haiti  i ;  San  Do- 
mingo City  12,  Aguacate  3,  La  Vega  5,  Almercen  3,  Magua  i,  Samand  i, 
Catare  6,  San  Cristobal  3,  Honduras  16,  Maniel  13,  Puerto  Plata  4). 

*Myiarchus  stolidus  stolidus  (Gosse).    STOLID  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  stolidus  GOSSE,  Birds  Jam.,  p.  168,  1847 — Jamaica;  idem,  Illust.  Birds 
Jam.,  pi.  42,  1849. 

Myiarchus  stolidus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  260,  1888 — Jamaica; 
CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  124,  1889 — Jamaica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  633,  1907 — Jamaica  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range :    Island  of  Jamaica,  Greater  Antilles. 

4:    Jamaica  (Kingston  i,  Priestmans  River  i,  unspecified  2). 

*Myiarchus  stolidus  sagrae  (Gundlach).    LA  SACRA'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  sagrae  GUNDLACH,  Journ.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  313,  1852 — 
Cuba  (egg  descr.). 

Myiarchus  sagrae  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  261,  1888 — part,  subsp. 
typica,  Cuba;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  125,  1889 — part,  Cuba;  LOWE,  Ibis, 
I9°9i  P-  343 — Grand  Cayman;  idem,  I.e.,  1911,  p.  142 — Cuba  and  Grand 
Cayman. 

Myiarchus  denigratus  CORY,  Auk,  3,  p.  500,  1886 — Grand  Cayman;  idem,  Birds 
W.  Ind.,  p.  293,  1889 — Grand  Cayman;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  4,  p.  635,  1907 — Grand  Cayman  (ex  CORY). 

Myiarchus  sagrae  sagrae  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  636, 
1907 — Cuba,  Isle  of  Pines,  and  Grand  Cayman  (monog.,  full  bibliography); 
TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  10,  p.  249,  1916 — Los  Indios,  Majagua  River, 
Cayo  Frances,  and  Nueva  Gerona,  Isle  of  Pines;  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  60,  p.  312,  1916 — Grand  Cayman  (crit.);  BARBOUR,  Mem.  Nutt.  Orn. 
Cl.,  6,  p.  99,  1923 — Cuba. 

Range:  Islands  of  Cuba  (including  Isle  of  Pines)  and  Grand  Cay- 
man, Greater  Antilles. 

18:    Cuba  (near  Palacios  i,  unspecified  2);  Grand  Cayman  15. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  171 

*Myiarchus  stolidus  lucaysiensis  (Bryant).     BAHAMA  CRESTED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Tyrannula  stolida  (var.  lucaysiensis)  BRYANT,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  n, 
"1866,"  p.  66,  April  1867 — Bahamas. 

Myiarchus  sagrae  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  261,  1888 — part,  subsp. 
lucaysiensis,  Bahamas;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  125,  1889 — part,  Bahamas. 

Myiarchus  sagrae  lucaysiensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  637, 
1907 — Bahama  Islands  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  TODD  and  WORTHING- 
TON,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  7,  p.  424,  1911 — New  Providence,  Great  Inagua, 
Andros,  and  Abaco  Islands  (crit.);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  67,  p.  204,  1925 — Bahamas  (note  on  type). 

Range:  Bahama  Islands  (Great  Bahama,  New  Providence,  Abaco, 
Little  Abaco,  Andros,  Inagua,  Green  Cay,  Berry  Islands,  Eleuthera, 
Crooked  Island,  and  Acklin  Island). 

52:  Great  Bahama  15;  Abaco  7;  Berry  i;  Andros  4;  New  Provi- 
dence (Nassau)  6;  Eleuthera  i;  Inagua  18. 

*Myiarchus  pelzelni  pelzelni  Berlepsch*.    PELZELN'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  pelzelni  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (4)  i,  p.  139,  April  1883 — Bahia  (type  in 
Berlepsch  Collection  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  255, 
1888 — Bahia  and  Oyapock,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH 
and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  17,  1890 — Pontinho  (west  of  Jatuba,  Matto 
Grosso)  and  Bahia  (crit.;  spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
I.e.,  13,  p.  89,  1906 — Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru  (spec,  examined) ;  NICOLL, 
Ibis,  1906,  p.  668 — Island  of  Itaparica,  Bahia  (spec,  examined);  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  294,  1907 — Bahia;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  128, 
1908 — Oyapock,  Guiana  (ex  SCLATER);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys. 
Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  no,  120,  1912 — Fazenda  Nazareth,  Mex- 
iana  (crit.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  389,  1914 — Rio  Tapaj6z 
(Boim),  Maraj6  (Sao  Natal),  and  Mexiana;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
35>  P-  *93»  !922 — part,  Colombian,  Peruvian,  and  Brazilian  localities  and 
references  only;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  165,  1925 — Fazenda  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande,  Bahia,  and  coast  of  Piauhy. 

Myiarchus  ferox  cantans  (not  of  PELZELN)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  76,  1910 — part,  No.  426,  Fazenda  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande, 
Bahia,  and  No.  1319,  coast  district  of  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

a  Myiarchus  pelzelni  BERLEPSCH  is  now  universally  admitted  to  be  a  perfectly 
distinct  species,  and  its  characters  having  been  clearly  denned  by  Berlepsch,  Todd  and 
myself  need  not  be  insisted  upon. 

Birds  from  Santa  Ana  (Peru)  and  Florencia  (Colombia)  agree,  in  size  and  colora- 
tion, with  others  from  Brazil. 

.  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  (including  the  type)  7;  Fazenda  da  Serra,  Rio 
Grande,  Bahia  i,  Island  Itaparica,  Bahia  i;  Jua,  Ceard  i;  Sao  Bento,  Maranhao  i, 
Alto  Parnahyba,  Maranhao  i ;  coast  district  of  Piauhy  i ;  Fazenda  Nazareth,  Mexiana 
i ;  Matto  Grosso,  Pontinho  i,  Urucum,  near  Corumbd  i,  Tapirapoan  i.  Peru:  Santa 
Ana  2.  Colombia:  Florencia,  Rio  Caquetd  i.  French  Guiana:  Oyapock  i. 


172  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiarchus  fortirostris  (not  of  TODD)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  475,  1917 — Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  cephalotes  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
117,  p.  98,  1921 — part,  Chauillay,  Urubamba,  Peru. 

Myiarchus  pelzelni  pelzelni  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  19,  1925  (crit.,  range, 
measurements). 

Range :  Campo  districts  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Matto  Grosso,  Bahia, 
Ceara,  Piauhy,  Maranhao,  and  Para  (lower  Tapaj6z;  Marajo;  Mexi- 
ana),  west  to  the  Rio  Purus  (Cachoeira);  eastern  Peru  (Urubamba 
Valley);  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta);  French  Guiana  (Oya- 
pock). 

3:  Brazil  Qua,  near  Iguatti,  Ceara  i;  Sao  Bento,  Maranhao  i,  Alto 
Parnahyba,  Maranhao  i). 

*Myiarchus  pelzelni  ferocior  Cabanis*.    CABANIS'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  ferocior  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  214,  later  than  April  1883 — 
San  Xavier,  Tucuman  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Myiarchus  (?)  fortirostris  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  171,  1913 — Prov. 
del  Sara,  Bolivia  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined). 

Tyrannus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  43,  1837 — part,  Chiquitos,  Bolivia; 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  306,  1839 — part,  descr.  of  "fe- 
male," Chiquitos,  Santa  Cruz  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Myiarchus  tyrannulus  (not  Muscicapa  tyrannulus  MULLER)  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  202,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  (spec,  in  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.  examined). 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg. 
Orn.,  i,  p.  156,  1888 — Argentina;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  187, 
1902;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — Tapia,  Tucuman;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  348,  1910 — Argentina,  part. 

Myiarchus  ferox  ferocior  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  203,  1909 — 
Tucuman,  Barracas  al  Sud,  and  Ocampo;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  21, 
1921 — Paysandu  and  Cerro  Largo,  Uruguay. 

Myiarchus  pelzelni  (not  of  BERLEPSCH)  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  193, 
1922 — part,  references  and  localities  in  Bolivia  and  Argentina  only;  MARELLI, 
Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  649,  1924 — Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  336,  1926 — Victories,  Pampa. 

s  Myiarchus  pelzelni  ferocior  CABANIS:  Similar  in  coloration  to  M.  p.  pelzelni, 
but  decidedly  larger.  Wing  (male)  93-98  (against  87-92),  (female)  90-96  (against  81- 
89). 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Santa  Fe":  Mocovi  i,  Ocampo  3,  San  Jos 6  2; 
Barracas  al  Sud,  Buenos  Aires  i ;  Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios  2 ;  Tapia,  Tucu>- 
man  2,  San  Xavier,  Tucuman  (the  type)  i ;  Miraflores,  Dept.  Oran,  Salta  i ;  Toro 
Muerto,  Salta  i.  Bolivia:  Chiquitos  i,  Buenavista  4,  RioSurutu,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i. 


IQ27-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  173 

Myiarchus  pelzelni  ferocior  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  51,  1923 — 
Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  72,  1923 — La  Rioja;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  18,  20,  1925 — Chiquitos  (char.,  range,  measurements). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina,  south  to  Buenos  Aires,  Pampa,  and 
La  Rioja;  Uruguay;  eastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra). 

7 :  Argentina  (Toro  Muerto,  Salta  i ;  Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe*  2) ; 
Bolivia  (Buenavista  4). 

*Myiarchus  swainsoni  Cabanis  and  Heine*.   SORDID  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  swainsoni  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  72,  1859 — Brazil 
(types  in  Heine  Collection  examined). 

Myiarchus  cantans  PELZELN  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  117,  182,  1868 — descr.,  and  hab. 
part,  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo)  and  Curytiba  (Parand),  Brazil  (spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined)1*;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  137, 
1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  sordidus  TODD  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  29,  p.  96,  1916 — El  Trompillo, 
Carabobo,  Venezuela  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  35, 
p.  195,  1922 — Venezuela  to  southern  Brazil  (monog.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  336,  1926 — San  Vicente,  Uruguay. 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116, 
1868 — part,  Curytiba  and  Marabitanas  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Annuario 
Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  127,  1899 — Mundo  Novo. 

•  Myiarchus  swainsoni  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Similar  in  shape  of  bill  and  propor- 
tions to  M.  pelzelni,  but  upper  parts  very  much  darker  (dark  olive  instead  of  pale 
citrine  drab) ;  pileum  sooty  instead  of  brownish  olive;  throat  and  chest  much  deeper, 
neutral  gray  rather  than  pallid  neutral  gray;  abdomen  and  under  tail-coverts  paler, 
primrose  rather  than  sulphur  yellow,  tinged  with  olivaceous  anteriorly  and  laterally; 
superficially  also  resembling  M.  ferox,  particularly  on  the  upper  parts,  but  easily 
distinguished  by  much  paler  lower  surface,  different  wing  formula,  much  slenderer, 
less  blackish  bill,  and  proportionately  much  shorter  tail.  Wing  of  males  (Misiones) 
91,  (southern  Brazil)  92-96,  (Rio  Negro)  93,  (Rio  Branco)  85-90;  tail  (Misiones)  83, 
(southern  Brazil)  85-89,  (Rio  Negro)  86,  (Rio  Branco)  80-85;  bill  18-20. 

On  recent  inspection,  the  types  of  M.  swainsoni — both  adult  males — turned  out 
to  belong  to  the  species  lately  described  by  W.  E.  C.  Todd  as  M.  sordidus  (wing  93, 
95;  tail  84,  87^;  bill  18,  20),  and  careful  reexamination  of  the  material  in  the  Vienna 
Museum,  furthermore,  revealed  the  identity  of  M.  cantans  PELZELN  with  the  same 
form.  All  of  the  original  specimens — except  two  immature  females  from  Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  Sapitiba  which  belong  to  M.  ferox  australis — prove  to  be  referable  to  the 
short-tailed,  slender-billed  species  whose  proper  discrimination  is  due  to  Mr.  Todd's 
painstaking  researches. 

Birds  from  Venezuela  and  the  Rio  Branco  (M.  sordidus)  are  somewhat  smaller, 
but  an  adult  male  from  the  Rio  Negro  fully  reaches  the  dimensions  of  specimens 
from  southern  Brazil. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  El  Trompillo,  Carabobo  2;  Agua  Salada  de 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco  i.  Brazil:  unspecified  (the  types)  2;  Rio  Branco  4; 
Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  i ;  Faz.  Nazareth,  Mexiana  i ;  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  4, 
Piassaguera,  Sao  Paulo  i;  Curytiba,  Parand  2;  Santa  Maria,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  i, 
Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  5.  Argentina  :  Misiones  6. 

b  We  designate  Vienna  Museum,  No.  18412.  Adult  male,  Curytiba,  Parana, 
November  6,  1820,  J.  Natterer,  as  lectotype.  It  is  the  specimen  from  which  the  colora- 
tion of  the  soft  parts  (as  given  on  p.  182)  was  taken. 


174  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiarchus  ferox  ferox  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  109,  1912 — Fazenda  Nazareth,  Mexiana,  part,  No.  1836  (spec, 
reexamined). 

Myiarchus  ferox  venezuelensis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  244,  1916 — part,  Agua  Salada  de  Ciudad  Bolivar  (spec, 
examined). 

Range:  Venezuela  (El  Trompillo,  Carabobo;  Agua  Salada  de  Ciu- 
dad Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco);  British  Guiana  (Annai);  Brazil,  from  the 
Rio  Negro  and  the  lower  Amazon  (Mexiana;  Benevides,  Para;  Santarem) 
south  to  Sao  Paulo  (Ypanema,  Piassaguera) ,  Parana  (Curytiba),  and 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (Santa  Maria,  Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo) ;  Uruguay 
(San  Vicente);  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones). 

10 :  Brazil  (Boavista,  Rio  Branco  2,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  2) ; 
Argentina,  Misiones  (Eldorado  3,  Iguazu  i,  Rio  Paranay  2). 

Myiarchus  phaeonotus  Salvin  and  Godman*.    WHITELY'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  phaeonotus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (4)  i,  p.  207,  1883 — Merume' 
Mountains,  Brit.  Guiana;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  298— Roraima;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  255,  1888 — Roraima,  Merum6  Mountains;  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  229,  1921 — Roraima,  MerumS  and  Upper  Takutu 
Mountains;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  197,  1922  (monog.). 

Range:  Mountains  of  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Merume  and  Up- 
per Takutu  Mountains). 

^Myiarchus  phaeocephalus  Sdaterb.  ASHY-FRONTED  FLYCATCHER. 
Myiarchus  phaeocephalus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  281,  1860 — Babahoyo, 
Ecuador;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  236,  1869— Puna 
Island;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  P-  326— Lechugal,  Prov.  Tumbez, 
Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  323,  1884— Lechugal  and  Tumbez,  Peru;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  559— Guayaquil;  idem, 
I.e.,  1885,  p.  93— Yaguachi;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  255,  1888— 
Babahoyo,  Santa  Rita,  and  Balzar;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  13,  1899 — Vinces  and  Balzar,  Ecuador;  TODD,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  208,  1922 — western  Ecuador  and  northwestern  Peru 
(monog.). 

Myiarchus  ferox  phaeocephalus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Indiana  Ac.  Sci.,  1918,  p.  306 — 
Ecuador  and  Peru  (crit.);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — Bella- 
vista  and  Perico,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

•  This  is  perhaps  merely  a  local  race  of  M.  swainsoni,  but  the  only  available 
specimen  not  being  in  very  good  condition  does  not  admit  of  final  conclusion.  There 
can  be  no  doubt,  however,  as  to  its  being  quite  distinct  from  M .  ferox. 

b  Myiarchus  phaeocepJialus  SCLATER  is  obviously  nearly  allied  to,  and  perhaps  only 
subspecifically  distinct  from  M.  f.  ferox,  since  birds  from  the  upper  Maranon  (Bel- 
lavista  and  Perico),  by  more  brownish  cap  and  less  ashy  suffusion  on  the  forehead, 
exhibit  a  certain  tendency  towards  the  characters  of  this  form, 

Material  examined.— Ecuador:  Esmeraldas  i,  Vinces  7,  Yaguachi  i,  Milagro  i. 
Peru:  Bellavista  2,  Perico  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  175 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  (north  to  Esmeraldas) 
and  northwestern  Peru  (in  depts.  Tumbez  and  Piura). 

i:    Ecuador  (Milagro  i). 

Myiarchus  toddi  Chapman*.    TODD'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  toddi  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  67,  p.  10,  1923 — Palambla,  Dept. 
Piura,  Peril. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Peru  (Palambla,  Dept. 
Piura). 

Myiarchus  ferox  actiosus  Ridgwayb.    PIGRES  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  ferox  actiosus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  116,  1906 — 
Pigres,  Gulf  of  Nicoya,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  642,  1907 — Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica  (monog.) ;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  p.  694,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  OBERHOLSER  Proc.  Indiana  Ac.  Sci., 
1918,  p.  306  (range,  crit.). 

Range:  Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica  (Pigres,  San  Lucas,  Punta 
Arenas). 

*Myiarchus  ferox  panamensis  Lawrence0.    PANAMA  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  panamensis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.f  7,  p.  284,  May 
1860 — Panama. 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  253,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-n,  Calovevora  (Veragua),  Panama,  Paraiso 
Station,  Santa  Marta,  Santa  Elena,  Bogota. 

Myiarchus  ferox  panamensis  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  29,  1904 — • 
Panama  and  Colombia  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  640,  1907 — Panama  and  Colombia  (monog.,  full  bibliography); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  475 — Tumaco,  Bagado,  Malena, 
Puerto  Berrio,  Chicoral,  and  Turbaco,  Colombia;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Indiana 
Ac.  Sci.,  1918,  p.  306  (range;  crit.);  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  204, 

•  Myiarchus  toddi  CHAPMAN:  "Most  nearly  related  to  M.  phaeocephalus,  but 
back  uniform  gray;  under  parts  (except  breast)  white,  tinged  with  sulphur  yellow. 
Wing  (male)  95;  tail  91;  bill  20^".  (Chapman,  I.e.). 

This  species  based  on  a  single  specimen  which  we  have  not  seen  requires  further 
investigation.  Its  supposed  range  would  seem  to  be  enclosed  west  and  east  by  that 
of  M.  phaeocephalus.  Could  not  the  type  be  an  individual  variant  devoid  of  lipo- 
chrom  tints? 

b  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  form. 

0  Myiarchus  ferox  panamensis  LAWRENCE:  Nearest  to  M.  ferox  subsp.,  from  the 
Orinoco  Valley,  but  distinguished  by  decidedly  lighter  (about  Saccardo's  olive)  upper 
parts,  with  the  anterior  pileum  more  or  less  mouse  gray;  less  conspicuous  edges  on 
the  upper  wing-coverts;  smaller,  less  blackish  bill. 

Material  examined. — Panama  5.  Colombia:  Santa  Marta  district  5,  Antioquia  i, 
Bogota  15.  Venezuela:  Encontrados,  Zulia  5. 


176  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1922 — from  Panama  to  Colombia  (monog.,  South  American  bibliography); 
idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  346,  1922 — Bonda,  Cautilito, 
Don  Diego,  La  Tigrera,  Tucurinca,  Fundaci6n,  and  Punta  Caiman,  Santa 
Marta  district;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  219, 
1922 — Mt.  Sapo,  Darien. 

Range:  Panama,  including  the  Pearl  Islands,  west  to  Chiriqui 
(David,  Divala);  Colombia;  northwestern  Venezuela  (State  of  Zulia). 

ii :  Panama  (Colon  2,  Balboa  2;  Chiriqui  i);  Colombia  (Antio- 
quia  i);  Venezuela  (Encontrados,  Zulia  5). 

*Myiarchus  ferox  ferox  (Gmelin).    FIERCE  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  934,  1789 — primarily  based  on 
"LeTyran,  de  Cayenne"  Brisson,  Orn.,  a,  p.  398,  Cayenne. 

Myiarchus  ferox  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  253,  1888 — part,  spec,  s-c', 
r-'x',  Peru,  British  Guiana,  Para,  Pernambuco,  Bahia;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  228,  1921 — British  Guiana  (various  localities). 

Myiarchus  ferox  ferox  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Indiana  Ac.  Sci.,  1918,  p.  304  (part); 
TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  197,  1922 — part,  French  and  Dutch 
Guiana  and  Amazonian  Colombia  south  to  eastern  Peru  and  Bahia,  Brazil 
(excl.  Tobago). 

Myiarchus  ferox  cantans  (not  of  PELZELN)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  76,  1910 — part,  spec.  Nos.  90,  571,  Bahia  and  above 
Barrocao,  Rio  Preto  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  cephalotes  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
1 17,  p.  98,  1921 — part,  Rio  San  Miguel;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  p.  58,  1920 — Chaquimayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Peru  (spec,  reexam- 
ined). 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  the  whole  of  the  Ama- 
zonian basin,  west  to  eastern  Peru  (as  far  south  as  the  eastern  slope  of 
the  Sierra  of  Carabaya),  south  through  eastern  Brazil  to  Bahiaa. 

13:  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  i,  Mazaruni  River  2);  Brazil 
(Itacoatiara  i ;  Sao  Bento,  Maranhao  i,  Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  2,  Cururu- 

*  As  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Todd,  birds  from  eastern  Peru,  Amazonia  (specimens  ex- 
amined from  Maraj6,  Mexiana,  Itacoatiara,  Borba  and  Calama,  Rio  Maderia),  and 
eastern  Brazil  south  to  Bahia  are  inseparable  from  topotypical  French  Guianan  skins 
(twelve  compared).  The  inhabitants  of  British  Guiana  also  appear  to  me  decidedly 
referable  to  M .  f.  ferox,  although  Mr.  Todd  associates  them  with  the  Orinocan  form. 
Whether  its  range  really  extends  to  the  Caqueta  region  of  Colombia  and  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Mount  Duida,  Venezuela,  as  is  intimated  by  the  same  author,  we  are  unable 
to  ascertain  for  lack  of  material. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  5,  Roche-Marie  3,  Apprpuague  2, 
Isle  le  Pere  2.  British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  2,  Georgetown  i,  Mazaruni  River  2. 
Brazil:  Maraj6  8,  Mexiana  i,  Itacoatiara  i;  Borba  i,  Calama,  Rio  Madeira  i; 
Maranhao  5,  Bahia  5,  Sao  Amarp  i,  Macaco  Secco  i,  above  Barrocao,  Rio  Preto  i. 
Peru:  Rioja  2,  San  Ramon  i,  Rio  San  Miguel,  Urubamba  i,  Chaquimayo,  Sierra  of 
Carabaya  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  177 

pu,  Maranhao  i ;  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  i ;  Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy, 
Bahia  i);  Peru  (Rioja  2;  San  Ramon,  Chanchamayo  i). 

*Myiarchus  ferox  australis  subsp.   nov.a    SOUTHERN   FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  cantons  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  117,  182,  1868 — part,  Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  Sapitiba,  Rio  (spec,  examined). 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  253,  1888 — part,  southeastern  Brazil. 

Myiarchus  ferox  swainsoni  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  35,  p.  200,  1922 — from  Bolivia  and  southern  Brazil  to  Buenos  Aires 
(monog.,  full  bibliography);  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  649,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  336,  1926 — Resistencia  and  Las  Palmas,  Chaco,  and  Tapia,  Tucuman. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  and  southern  Brazil,  from  Matto  Grosso, 
Minas  Geraes,  and  Espirito  Santo  southwards;  Paraguay;  northern 
Argentina,  south  to  the  latitude  of  Buenos  Aires. 

2:  Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Chapare"  River  i);  Brazil  (Aragatuba, 
Sao  Paulo  i). 

Myiarchus  ferox  subspA    ORINOCAN  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  ferox  venezuelensis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  51,  1902 — Altagracia,  Caicara,  Perico,  and  Ciudad  Bolivar, 
Rio  Orinoco;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  205 — Boca  Uracoa  and 
Jocopita,  Manimo  River,  Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  2,  p.  244,  1916 — Ciudad  Bolivar  and  Caicara,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  475,  1917 — Villavicencio,  (?)  La  Morelia 
and  Florencia,  Rio  Caquetd,  Colombia;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35, 
p.  203,  1922 — part,  except  Bartica  Grove,  El  Hacha,  Las  Trincheras,  and 
Puerto  La  Cruz. 

a  Myiarchus  ferox  australis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes,  Brazil,  in  Zoological  Mu- 
seum, Munich.  No.  n.  1599.  Adult  male.  A.  O.  de  Carvalho. 

Similar  to  M.  f.  ferox,  but  upper  parts  lighter  and  more  brownish,  with  the  pileum 
less  dusky;  gray  of  throat  and  chest  slightly  paler.  Wing  88,  (female)  85;  tail  87-90, 
(female)  86;  bill  18-19. 

Though  distinguishable  in  a  series,  single  specimens  of  this  form  are  sometimes 
hard  to  separate  from  M .  f.  ferox. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro  4,  Sapitiba  r;  Victoria,  Espirito 
Santo  i ;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes  3.  Bolivia:  Buenavista  2,  Todos 
Santos,  Rio  Chapar6  i.  Argentina:  Ocampo,  Santa  Fe"  i. 

b  The  birds  occurring  in  the  Orinoco-Caura  basin  are  so  close  to  M.  f.  australis, 
of  southern  Brazil,  that  I  do  not  venture  to  separate  them,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
their  ranges  are  divided  by  the  interposition  of  the  much  darker  M.  f.  ferox,  which 
stretches  from  the  Guianas  through  the  Amazonas  Valley  to  eastern  Peru.  As 
correctly  stated  by  Mr.  Todd,  the  only  average  difference  consists  in  the  slighter 
darker  pileum  of  the  Orinocan  birds,  but  even  this  is  far  from  constant.  They  are, 
however,  certainly  different  from  M .  /.  venezuelensis,  of  the  Venezuelan  coast. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Ciudad  Bolivar  5,  Altagracia  4, 
Caicara  4;  Rio  Caura,  La  Union  i,  La  Vuelta  i,  Maripa  2,  Mato  River  i. 


178  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley  from  the  delta  to  Cai- 
cara,  and  its  tributaries). 

*Myiarchus    ferox    venezuelensis     Lawrence*:      VENEZUELAN    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  venezuelensis  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1865,  p.  38 — 
Venezuela  (type  examined) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628, 
631 — San  Esteban;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5, 
p.  165,  1912 — San  Esteban;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  203,  1922 — 
part,  El  Hacha,  Las  Trincheras,  and  Puerto  La  Cruz,  Venezuela. 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  253,  1888 — part,  spec,  o,  San  Esteban. 

Range:  Coast  region  of  northwestern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Lara 
(El  Hacha,  Bolivar  Railroad)  and  Carabobo  (Puerto  La  Cruz,  Las  Trin- 
cheras, Lake  Valencia) . 

i :    Venezuela  (Lake  Valencia,  Carabobo  i). 

Myiarchus   ferox   insulicola    Hellmayr   and   Seilernb.     KIRK'S    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

•  Myiarchus  ferox  venezuelensis  LAWRENCE:  Nearest  to  M.  ferox  subsp.,  from 
the  Orinoco  Valley,  but  outer  web  of  outermost  rectrix  pale  brownish,  in  decided 
contrast  to  the  much  darker  (blackish  brown)  inner  web;  remaining  rectrices  dis- 
tinctly, though  narrowly  edged  with  hazel  along  the  outer  web;  primaries  likewise 
margined  with  cinnamon-rufous;  upper  parts  darker,  particularly  the  pileum  more 
blackish.  Wing  (male)  90-94,  (female)  88-90^;  tail  91-93,  (female)  87-89;  bill  19-20. 

The  type  courteously  lent  by  the  authorities  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History  is  identical  with  birds  from  the  coast  of  Carabobo  and,  no  doubt,  came  from 
the  same  general  region.  Although  only  six  specimens  have  been  examined,  there 
can  be  no  question  about  their  being  subspecifically  distinct  from  the  Orinocan  race. 
All  of  the  six  examples  are  adults,  as  manifested  by  the  broad,  ill-defined,  dingy  gray- 
ish markings  on  the  wing-coverts  and  the  absence  of  rufous  edges  to  the  upper  tail- 
coverts.  They  agree  among  themselves,  and  differ  from  the  Orinocan  race,  in  the 
rufous  edges  to  the  primaries  and  rectrices,  the  whity  brown  outer  web  of  the  outer- 
most tail  feather,  and  the  darker  upper  parts. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  El  Hacha,  Bolivar  R.  R.,  State  of  Lara  i 
(Carnegie  Museum  No.  36194);  San  Esteban  i,  Puerto  La  Cruz  i,  Las  Trincheras  i, 
Lake  Valencia,  Carabobo  i;  unspecified  (the  type)  i. 

b  Myiarchus  ferox  insulicola  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN:  Closely  allied  to,  and 
agreeing  with  M .  f.  venezuelensis  in  whity  brown  outer  web  of  outermost  rectrix  and 
hazel,  resp.  cinnamon  rufous  edges  to  tail  feathers  and  primaries;  but  bill  decidedly 
larger;  gray  of  throat  extended  farther  onto  the  chest;  abdomen  paler  yellow.  Wing 
(adult  male)  94;  tail  94;  bill  21. 

This  form  is  perhaps  not  properly  separable  from  M .  f.  venezuelensis,  though  it 
should  be  recalled  that  no  representative  of  this  group  of  Flycatchers  has  been  found 
either  in  Trinidad  or  on  the  opposite  Venezuelan  coast  of  Bermudez.  The  Tobago 
form  has,  however,  nothing  to  do  with  typical  M.  f,  ferox  which  lacks  the  pale 
brown  outer  web  and  the  rufous  edges  to  the  rectrices,  besides  several  other  distinc- 
tions. M.  f.  venezuelensis  and  M.  f.  insulicola,  by  retaining  the  rufous  markings  on 
wings  and  tail  in  adult  plumage,  stand  apart  from  the  other  races. 

Material  examined. — Tobago:   Man  o'War  Bay  i,  unspecified  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  179 

Myiarchus  ferox  insulicola  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12, 
p.  202,  1915 — Tobago;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Indiana  Ac.  Sci.,  1918,  p.  305 — 
Tobago  (crit.). 

Tyrannus  crinitus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20,  p.  330, 
1847 — Tobago,  part  "female." 

Myiarchus  venezuelensis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  632 — part,  Tobago  (crit.). 

Myiarchus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
p.  233,  1862 — part,  spec,  d,  Tobago;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  253, 
1888 — part,  spec,  r,  Tobago. 

Myiarchus  ferox  ferox  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  197,  1922 — part, 
Tobago. 

Range:    Island  of  Tobago. 

*Myiarchus    cephalotes    cephalotes    Taczanowski*.      TACZANOWSKI'S 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  cephalotes  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  671 — Paltaypampa 
and  Ropaybamba  (Dept.  Junin)  and  Tambillo,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  322,  1884 — Peruvian  localities  (habits);  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  93 — Machay,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
t>.  254,  1888 — Tamiapampa  and  Chirimoto,  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  476,  1917 — Cerro  Munchique  (Western  Andes), 
Miraflores,  Salento,  Santa  Elena,  Rio  Toch£,  El  Eden,  La  Candela,  and  La 
Palma  (Central  Andes),  Colombia;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  206, 
1922 — Colombia  to  Bolivia  (monog.,  full  synonymy);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
32,  p.  1 8,  1925 — Yungas  of  Bolivia  (crit.). 

Tyrannus  ferox  (not  Muscicapa  ferox  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  43,  1837 — part,  Yungas  (spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  306,  1839 — 
part,  descr.  "male,"  Yungas. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Bolivia,  Peru,  Ecuador,  and  of  Western 
and  Central  Andes  of  Colombia. 

ii :  Peru  (Molinopampa  i;  Uchco  i;  Vista  Alegre  i,  Huachipa  i, 
Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  6);  Colombia  (La  Palma,  Huila  i). 

•  Myiarchus  cephalotes  cephalotes  TACZANOWSKI  is  easily  distinguished  from  the 
M.  ferox  group  by  the  buffy  white  outer  web  of  the  outermost  rectrix,  the  two  dis- 
tinct light  wing  bands,  formed  by  the  olive  buff  or  whitish  tips  to  the  median  and 
greater  coverts,  and  much  more  conspicuous  buffy  white  edges  to  the  inner  second- 
aries. 

Specimens  from  Colombia  and  Ecuador  agree  perfectly  with  a  series  from  Peru 
and  Bolivia. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Cerro  Munchique,  coast  range  west  of  Popayan, 
Cauca  i,  Santa  Elena  2,  Salento,  West  Quindio  Andes  2,  El  Eden,  East  Quindio 
Andes  i,  Miraflores  3,  La  Candela  i,  La  Palma,  Huila  i.  Ecuador:  Machay  i. 
Peru:  Chirimoto  3,  Molinopampa  i,  Uchco  i,  Chinchao  6,  Huachipa  i,  Vista  Alegre 
i.  Bolivia:  Locotal,  Cochabamba  3,  Roquefalda,  Cochabamba  i;  Vermejo,  Dept. 
Santa  Cruz  2;  Yungas  i. 


180  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Myiarchus    cephalotes    caribbaeus     Hellmayr*.      CARIBBEAN    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  cephalotes  caribbaeus  HELLMAYR,  Anz.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  9,  p.  73,  1925— 
Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  Dept.  Federal  Occidental,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  191,  p.  10,  1925 — Carapas,  Bermudez. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Tru- 
jillo  (Guamito),  Aragua  (Maracay),  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Loma 
Redonda  and  Cerro  del  Avila,  Caracas  Range),  and  Bermudez  (Car- 
apas). 

i:    Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  i). 

*Myiarchus  apicalis  Sclater  and  Salvinb.    BOGOTA  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  apicalis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  (4)  5,  p.  269,  1881 — Bogota; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  256,  1888 — Bogota;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  476,  1917 — Caldas,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio, 
Cali,  Chicoral,  Honda,  El  Consuelo,  Colombia;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
35,  p.  207,  1922 — Colombia  (monog.). 

Range :    Arid  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (upper  Cauca  and  Magda- 
lena  valleys,  and  Caldas  basin,  Rio  Dagua). 
i :    Colombia  (San  Antonio,  Cauca  i). 

^Myiarchus    tuberculifer    tuberculifer    (Lafresnaye    and    D'Orbigny). 
D'ORBIGNY'S  DUSKY-CAPPED  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannus  tuberculifer  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 

7,  cl.  2,  p.  43,  1837 — Guarayos,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 

D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  307,  pi.  32,  fig.  i,  1839 — Guarayos; 

HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  323,  1906  (crit.). 
Myiarchus  gracilirostris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  117,  183,  1868 — Villa  Maria 

[  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres],  Matto  Grosso  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

•  Myiarchus  cephalotes  caribbaeus  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  M.  c.  cephalotes,  but 
smaller,  with  shorter,  slenderer  bill;  back  paler,  more  greenish;  pileum  less  blackish 
and  slightly  suffused  with  olive  tawny;  outer  web  of  outermost  rectrix  clearer  yellow- 
ish, therefore  more  conspicuous;  tail  feathers  frequently  tipped  with  pale  brownish. 
Wing  (male)  84-87  (against  91-95,  in  M.  c.  cephalotes),  (female)  80-84  (against  85-90); 
tail  84-89  (against  89-98),  (female)  81-86  (against  85-92);  bill  16^-18  (against  18-20). 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Guamito,  Trujillo  (Carnegie  Museum)  2; 
Maracay,  Aragua  i ;  Loma  Redonda  3,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  1 1 ;  Carapas,  Ber- 
mudez i. 

b  Myiarchus  apicalis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  while  agreeing  with  M.  cephalotes  in 
wing  markings,  is  easily  distinguished  by  whity  brown  tips  to  the  rectrices;  much 
darker  olive  upper  parts;  more  sooty  blackish  pileum;  darker  gray  sides  of  the  head, 
and  by  the  darker,  dingier  gray  of  throat  and  chest  being  slightly  suffused  with 
yellowish  edges.  Wing  (male)  90-94,  (female)  85-89;  tail  90-94,  (female)  84-88;  bill 
18^-21. 

Birds  from  the  Western  Andes  generally  have  larger,  stronger  bills. 
Material  examined. — Colombia:   Bogota  10;  Honda  i,  El  Consuelo  i,  Chicoral, 
Coello  River  i ;  San  Antonio  3,  Las  Lomitas  i,  Cali  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  181 

Myiarchus  coalei  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  9,  p.  520,  1887 — "Orinoco 
Valley"  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  examined  ;=  trade  skin  of  the  so- 
called  "Orinoco  or  Trinidad  make"). 

Myiarchus  nigriceps  (not  of  SCLATER  1860)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  258,  1888 — part,  spec,  m-y,  Herradura,  Minca,  Bogota,  MeYida,  San  Este- 
ban,  Roraima,  Iquitos. 

Myiarchus  tuberculifer  tuberculifer  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  212,  1922 — 
from  Dutch  and  British  Guiana  and  Venezuela  west  to  northern  Colombia, 
and  thence  south  to  Bolivia  (monog.,  full  synonymy);  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  345,  1922 — Santa  Marta  region  (crit.);  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  21,  1925  (note  on  type). 

Range :  Dutch  and  British  Guiana,  and  adjacent  section  of  extreme 
northern  Brazil  (Rio  Branco);  Venezuela;  Island  of  Trinidad;  Colom- 
bia (except  Western  Andes) ;  eastern  Ecuador  and  Peru;  Bolivia;  west- 
ern Brazil,  east  to  western  Matto  Grosso  (San  Luis  de  Caceres)  and  the 
Rio  Madeira4. 

4:  Bolivia  (Buena  Vista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i);  Peru  (Rio  Color- 
ado, Chanchamayo  i);  Brazil  (Serra  Grande,  Rio  Branco  i);  Venezuela 
(Encontradqs,  Zulia  i). 

^Myiarchus  tuberculifer  tricolor  Pelzelnb.     PELZELN'S  DUSKY-CAPPED 

FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  tricolor  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  117,  182,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro  and 
Sapitiba,  Rio  (types  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  259, 

1888 — Rio  Tocantins  and  Bahia,  Brazil. 
Myiarchus  nigriceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris, 

10,  p.  1 1 8,  1904 — Ouanary,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined). 
Myiarchus  tuberculifer  (not  Tyrannus  tuberculifer  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 

LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  100,  1920 — Bahia. 
Myiarchus  tuberculifer  tricolor  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  211,  1922 — 

French  Guiana,  south  to  Rio  de  Janeiro  (monog.). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  eastern  Brazil,  south  to  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and 
(according  to  W.  E.  C.  Todd)  west  to  the  Tapaj6z  and  north  to  French 
Guiana. 

i:    Brazil  (Tury-assii,  Maranhao  i). 

B  On  reexamination,  the  type  of  M.  gracilirostris  proves  to  be  absolutely  identical 
with  Bolivian  specimens  (topotypes  of  M.  tuberculifer).  An  adult  male  from  Borba, 
Rio  Madeira  is  likewise  referable  to  the  present  race.  Sixty  specimens  examined. 

b  Myiarchus  tuberculifer  tricolor  PELZELN:  Very  similar  to  M.  t.  tuberculifer,  but 
crown  less  blackish;  back  duller  olive;  gray  of  throat  and  chest  deeper. 

The  types  and  several  Bahia  skins  are  smaller  and  paler  yellowish  underneath 
than  a  series  from  Maranhao  and  Para.  Single  specimens  are  not  always  disting- 
uishable from  M.  t.  tuberculifer,  and  the  race,  as  a  whole,  is  not  very  satisfactory. 
However,  Mr.  Todd  who  had  much  more  adequate  material  for  study  considers  it 
fairly  separable. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro  2,  Sapitiba  i,  Bahia  3;  Tury-assu, 
Maranhao  i;  Pard  district  4.  French  Guiana:  Ouanary  i. 


i8z  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Myiarchus  tuberculifer  atriceps  Cabanis*.    GREATER  BLACK-CAPPED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  atriceps  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  215,  1883— San  Xavier,  Tucu- 
man (type)  and  Chilpes,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg. 
Orn.,  i,  p.  157,  1888— Tucuman;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  259, 
1888 — Ccachupata  (Peru),  Tilotilo  (Bolivia),  Tucuman  (Argentina);  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  348,  1910— Tucuman;  TODD,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  209,  1922 — Andean  region  of  Peru,  Bolivia,  and 
northwestern  Argentina  (monog.,  full  synonymy). 

Myiarchus  tuberculifer  atriceps  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  59, 
1920 — Chuhuasi,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.). 

Range:  Andean  region  of  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  northwestern  Argen- 
tina (prov.  Jujuy  and  Tucuman). 

13:  Peru  (Hacienda  Llagueda,  northeast  of  Otuzco  i;  Hacienda 
Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas,  Dept.  Cajamarca  i ;  Huanuco  8,  Panao 
Mountains  i,  Chinchao  i,  Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  i). 

*Myiarchus  tuberculifer  nigriceps  Sclater.   BLACK-CAPPED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  nigriceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  68,  1860— Pallatanga,  Ecua- 
dor; idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  258,  1888— part,  spec,  a-i,  Pallatanga, 
Esmeraldas,  "Quito,"  "  Jima,"  Balzar,  "Sarayacu,"  Ecuador;  SALVADOR!  and 
FESTA,  BoU.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  13,  1899— La  Conception 
(Chota)  and  Niebli;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1137— Pueblo  Rico 
and  Noanama,  Colombia;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25, 
p.  74,  1922 — Mindo  and  Gualea,  Ecuador. 

Myiarchus  tuberculifer  nigriceps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p. 
4?7i  I9I7— part,  Alto  Bonito,  Dabeiba,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  San  Jos£,  Rio 
Frio,  andCali,  Colombia;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  216,  1922— 
Pacific  slope  of  western  Colombia  and  western  Ecuador  (monog.,  full  syn- 
onymy). 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador  and  Western  Andes 
of  Colombiab. 

•  Myiarchus  tuberculifer  atriceps  CABANIS:  Similar  to  M.  t.  nigriceps  in  colora- 
tion, but  larger.  Wing  (male)  84-92,  (female)  81-86;  tail  81-92,  (female)  80-85; 
bill  18-19- 

Birds  from  southern  Peru  (Carabaya)  and  Argentina  are  considerably  larger 
than  the  Ecuadorian  form  (nigriceps).  In  northern  Peru  however,  a  gradual  de- 
crease in  size  takes  place,  and  the  smallest  examples  (males  with  wings  of  84mm.) 
are  closely  matched  by  certain  individuals  from  Ecuador,  one  male  from  Palla- 
tanga measuring  fully  83  mm. 

Material  examined.— Argentina:  Jujuy  i,  Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman  4.  Bolivia: 
Tilotilo  2,  Samaipata  2.  Peru:  Chuhuasi,  Sierra  of  Carabaya  4;  Huaynapata,  Mar- 
capata  i;  Chilpes,  Junin  i;  Huanuco  8,  Panao  Mts.  i,  Chinchao  i,  Huachipa  i; 
Cajabamba  2;  Hacienda  Limon,  west  of  Balsas  i;  near  Otuzco  i;  Tabaconas  2. 

b  Material  examined.— Colombia:  Pueblo  Rico  i,  Noanama  2.  Ecuador,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas:  Paramba  9,  San  Javier  6;  Pallatanga  2,  Chimbo  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  183 

Myiarchus  tuberculifer  brunneiceps  Lawrence*.    BROWN-CAPPED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  brunneiceps  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  327,  in 
text,  1 86 1 — Lion  Hill,  Panama  Railroad. 

Myiarchus  nigriceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1864,  p.  360 — Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  258,  1888 — part, 
spec,  j-1,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  96, 
1889 — part,  Lion  Hill,  Panama;  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  49, 
1904 — part,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  650, 
1907 — part,  eastern  Panama;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  267 — 
Gatun,  Panama. 

Myiarchus  tuberculifer  nigriceps  BANGS  and  B  ARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  219, -1922 — Rio  Esnape  and  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Lion  Hill,  Gatun,  Frijole  Station,  Pan- 
ama Railroad;  Rib  Esnape  and  Jesusito,  Darien). 

*Myiarchus  tuberculifer  bangsi  Nelson.    BANGS'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  bangsi  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  45,  1904 — 
Boquete,  Chiriqui,  western  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  646,  1907 — part,  northwestern  Panama  (Boquete);  BANGS,  Auk, 
24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  and  Lagarto  de  Terraba, 
Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  692,  1910 — southwestern 
Costa  Rica;  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159,  p.  6,  8,  1925— 
Veraguas,  Chiriqui,  and  southwestern  Costa  Rica. 

Myiarchus  nigricapillus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  257, 
1888 — part,  spec,  j-m,  Chitra,  Santa  F6  de  Veragua,  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 

Range :  Western  Panama  (Veragua  and  Chiriqui)  and  southwestern 
Costa  Rica. 

i:    Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i). 

*Myiarchus    tuberculifer    nigricapillus     Cabanis.      CABANIS'S    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  nigricapillus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  9,  p.  250,  in  text,  1861 — Costa 
Ricab;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  257,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-h,  San 
Jose",  Tucurriqui,  Pacuare',  Irazu,  Costa  Rica. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  nigricapillus  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  44, 
1904 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 

a  Myiarchus  tuberculifer  brunneiceps  LAWRENCE:  Nearest  to  M.  t.  nigriceps,  but 
crown  not  so  dark,  deep  brown  rather  than  black;  back  of  a  brighter  greenish  tone; 
bill  more  slender. 

Four  specimens  from  the  Panama  Railroad  (Lion  Hill)  examined. 

b  Miller  and  Griscom  (I.e.,  p.  7)  suggest  Bonilla,  eastern  Costa  Rica,  as  type 
locality. 


184  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  644,  1907 — part,  Nicaraguan  and  Costa  Rican  references 
and  localities  only;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  693,  1910 — Costa 
Rica,  except  extreme  southwestern  section  (crit.);  MILLER  and  GRISCOM, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159,  p.  7,  1925 — southeastern  Nicaragua  and  Costa 
Rica,  except  extreme  northwest  and  southwest  portions  (crit.). 

Myiarchus  lawrencii  bangsi  (not  of  NELSON)  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 
Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  269,  1910 — Turrialba  Station  and  Guayabo,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Southeastern  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  (except  extreme 
northwest  and  southwest  portions)*. 

15:    Costa  Rica  (San  Jos6  2,  Bolson  i,  Turrialba  i,  Guayabo  n). 

*Myiarchus  tuberculifer  connectens  Miller  and  Griscomb.    MATAGALPA 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  lawrencii  connectens  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159, 
p.  6,  1925 — Las  Cafias,  Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 

Myiarchus  lawrencii  (not  Muscicapa  lawrenceii  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  256,  1907 — part,  spec,  r-b',  Guatemala  and  Honduras;  (?)  q 
Belize,  Brit.  Honduras. 

Myiarchus  lawrencii  lawrencii  (not  of  GIRAUD)  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
39,  p.  148,  1903 — Ceiba  and  Yaruca,  Honduras;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  642,  1907 — part,  Guatemala  and  (?)  British  Honduras. 

Myiarchus  lawrenceii  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  106, 
1907 — Los  Amates,  Lake  Amatitlan,  Lake  Atitlan,  Patulul,  and  San  Jose", 
Guatemala. 

Myiarchus  lawrenceii  nigricapillus  (not  of  CABANIS)  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  17,  p.  44,  1904 — part,  Guatemala  and  Honduras;  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  644,  1907 — part,  Honduras. 

Range:  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and  Nicaragua  (except  southeast- 
ern portion). 

20:  Guatemala  (Patulul,  Solola  3;  San  Jose",  Esquintla  2;  Laguna, 
Guatemala  i ;  Los  Amates,  Izabel  7 ;  Lake  Amatitlan  i ;  Lake  Atitlan  2) ; 
Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  2,  San  Raphael  del  Norte  i, 
Matagalpa  i). 

•  The  range  is  given  here  in  accordance  with  Miller  and  Griscom's  definition, 
though  our  specimens  from  Turrialba  and  Guayabo  have  much  blacker  heads  than 
those  from  San  Jose"  and  Bolson  and  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  a  single  Boruca 
bird  which  I  take  to  be  M.  t.  bangsi. 

b  Myiarchus  tuberculifer  connectens  MILLER  and  GRISCOM:  "Similar  to  M.  t. 
lawrenceii  in  coloration,  but  with  much  shorter  wing,  and  proportionately  larger  bill, 
in  this  respect  resembling  M.  t.  nigricapillus,  of  Costa  Rica.  (Miller  and  Griscom, 
I.e.). 

Owing  to  lack  of  material  of  the  Mexican  form  I  am  not  in  a  position  to  judge 
the  value  of  this  recently  discriminated  form.  A  single  male  from  San  Luis  Potosi  is 
rather  smaller  than  the  majority  of  our  Guatemalan  skins. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  185 

*Myiarchus    tuberculifer    lawrenceii    (Giraud).      LAWRENCE'S    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Muscicapa  lawrencei  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  New  Spec.  Texas  Birds,  p.  [9],  pi.  [2], 
fig.  i,  1841 — " Texas,"  probably  Nuevo  Leon,  Mexico. 

Myiarchus  rufomarginatus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  73,  1859 — 
Mexico. 

Myiarchus  lawrenci  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  256,  1888 — part,  spec, 
b,  c,  Orizaba. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  42,  1904 — Mexico 
(monog.,  range). 

Myiarchus  lawrenceii  lawrencei  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  642,  1907 — part,  eastern  and  southern  Mexico  (monog.);  PHILLIPS,  Auk, 
28,  p.  79,  1911 — Alta  Mira,  Yerba  Buena,  Montelunga,  Galindo,  Rio  Mar- 
tinez, Rio  Cruz,  and  Santa  Leonor,  Tamaulipas;  MILLER  and  GRISCOM, 
Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159,  p.  7,  1925 — Mexico  from  Nuevo  Leon  to  Vera  Cruz 
and  probably  Chiapas  and  Tabasco  (crit.). 

Range:    Eastern  and  southern  Mexico,  from  Nuevo  Leon  to  Vera 
Cruz,  Tabasco,  and  Chiapas. 

i:     Mexico  (Valles,  San  Luis  Potosi  i). 

*Myiarchus    tuberculifer   platyrhynchus    Ridgway.      COZUMEL    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  platyrhynchus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  3,  p.  23,  1885 — 
Cozumel  Island,  Yucatan. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  platyrhynchus  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  45, 
1904 — Cozumel  Island,  Peninsula  of  Yucatan,  and  coast  region  of  Campeche 
and  Tabasco  (monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  648, 
1907 — same  range  (monog.,  full  synonymy). 

Myiarchus  lawrencii  (not  of  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  256, 
1888 — part,  spec,  g-p,  Yucatan  and  Cozumel  Island. 

(?)  Myiarchus  lawrencei  lawrencei  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Camp  Mengel 
and  Xcopen,  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

Range :    Cozumel  Island ;  Yucatan,  Campeche,  and  eastern  Tabasco 
(Frontera,  Monte  Cristo) ;  ( ?)  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

5:    Yucatan  (Rio  Lagatos  3;  Cozumel  Island  2). 
*Myiarchus  tuberculifer  querulus  Nelson.    QUERULOUS  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  querulus  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  47,  1904 — 
Los  Reyes,  Michoacan,  Mexico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  647,  1907 — southwestern  Mexico  (monog.,  full  synonymy). 


186  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :    Southwestern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Jalisco,  Michoacan,  More- 
los,  Hidalgo,  Oaxaca,  Guerrero,  Colima,  and  southern  Sinaloa. 
4:    Jalisco  (Tuxpam  2);  Guerrero  (Iguala  2). 

Myiarchus  tuberculif er  tresmariae  Nelson.   TRES  MARIAS  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  tresmariae  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  49,  1904 — 
Maria  Madre  Island,  Tepic,  Mexico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  649,  1907 — Tres  Marias  Islands  (monog.). 

Myiarchus  lawrenci  (not  of  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  256, 
1888 — part,  spec,  e,  f,  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

Range:    Tres  Marias  Islands,  Territory  of  Tepic,  Mexico. 

*Myiarchus    tuberculifer    olivascens    Ridgway.      OLIVACEOUS    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiarchus  lawrencei  olivascens  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  2,  p.  91,  1884 — 
Santa  Efigenia,  Oaxaca;  NELSON,  I.e.,  17,  P-  48,  1904— southern  Arizona  and 
thence  south  in  western  Mexico,  west  of  the  Sierra  Madre  to  northern  Tepic 
(monog.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  649,  1907— southern 
Arizona  to  Tepic  (monog.,  full  synonymy);  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10, 
p.  41,  1914 — Arizona. 

Range:  Southern  Arizona  and  southward  through  western  and 
southwestern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  Sinaloa,  Jalisco, 
Colima,  Guerrero,  and  Oaxaca  to  northern  Tepic) ;  accidental  in  Color- 
ado (Fort  Lyon). 

15:  Arizona  (Calabasas  i,  Huachuca  Mountains  10,  Santa  Rita 
Mountains  3);  Colima  (Colima  i). 

*Myiarchus  barbirostris  (Swainson).    SAD  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannula  barbirostris  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  (n.s.),  i,  p.  367,  1827— "Mexico"; 

SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  85  (note  on  type). 
Myiobius  tristis  GOSSE,  Birds  Jam.,  p.  167,  1847— Jamaica;  idem,  Illust.  Birds 

Jam.,  pi.  41,  1849. 
Blacicus  barbirostris  SALVIN,  Cat.  Strickland  Coll.,  p.  316,  1882— Jamaica  (crit.); 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  244,  1888— Jamaica;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind., 

p.  128,  1889 — Jamaica. 
Myiarchus  barbirostris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  652,  1907— 

Jamaica  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range:    Island  of  Jamaica,  Greater  Antilles. 

6:  Jamaica  (Kingston  i,  Priestmans  River  2,  Maryland,  St.  An- 
drew i,  unspecified  2). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  187 

*Myiarchus  semirufus  Sclater  and  Salvin.    STEERE'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  semirufus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  138,  pi.  n — 
Pacasmayo,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  236 — Pacasmayo;  idem,  I.e., 
1880,  p.  203 — Chepen;  idem,  Orn.  P&-.,  2,  p.  325,  1884 — Pacasmayo,  Chepen, 
Tumbez,  Guadalupe,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  263,  1888 — 
Pacasmayo;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — Sullana,  Piura. 

Range :  Arid  littoral  of  Peru  (in  depts.  Tumbez,  Piura,  Lam- 
bayeque,  and  Libertad). 

2:    Peru  (Chimbote  i,  Trujillo  i). 

Genus  HYLONAX  Ridgway. 

Hylonax  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  210,  1905 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Myiarchus  validus  CABANIS. 

*Hylonax  validus  (Cdbanis).    GOSSE'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  validus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  351,  1847 — one  of  the  West 
Indian  Islands;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  252,  1888 — Moneague  and 
Spanishtown,  Jamaica;  CORY,  Birds  West  Ind.,  p.  124,  1889 — Jamaica. 

Tyrannula  gossii  KAUPb,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  "1851,"  p.  51,  Oct.  1852 — Jamaica. 

Hylonax  validus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  814,  1907 — 
Jamaica  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range:    Island  of  Jamaica,  Greater  Antilles. 

4:    Jamaica  (Kingston  2,  near  Spanishtown  i,  unspecified  i). 

Genus  ERIBATES  Ridgway. 

Eribales  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  606,  1893 — type  Myiobius 
magnirostris  GOULD. 

*Eribates  magnirostris  (Gould).    GALAPAGOS  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannula  magnirostris  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  3,  pi.  8,  July 
1838. 

Myiobius  magnirostris  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  48,  July 
1839 — Chatham  Island,  Galapagos  Archipelago. 

Myiarchus  magnirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  262,  1888 — Bindloe, 
Indefatigable,  and  Abingdon  Islands;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  19, 
p.  569,  1896 — Albemarle,  Duncan,  Charles,  Hood,  Chatham,  Barrington, 

•  Mr.  Ridgway  refers  the  genus  to  the  family  Cotingidae,  but  for  reasons  explained 
elsewhere  we  are  not  prepared  to  adopt  this  course  until  anatomical  researches  have 
decided  its  systematic  position. 

b  Tyrannula  gossii  BONAPARTE  (Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.  189,  1850)  is  a  nomen  nudum, 
being  exclusively  based  on  Tyrannus  crinitus  GOSSE  (Birds  Jam.,  p.  186,  1847), 
where  no  description  is  given. 


1 88  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Indefatigable,  Jervis,  James,  Bindloe,  and  Abingdon  Islands;  ROTHSCHILD 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  6,  p.  172,  1899 — Chatham,  Charles,  Gardner,  Hood, 
Barrington,  James,  Duncan,  Indefatigable,  Jervis,  Albemarle,  Narborough, 
Abingdon,  Bindloe,  and  Wenman  Islands;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  402,  1902 — 
Chatham,  Abingdon,  and  Duncan  Islands  (nest  descr.) ;  SNODGRASS  and  HEL- 
LER, Proc.  Wash.  Ac.  Sci.,  5,  p.  269,  1904 — all  islands  except  Wenman,  Cul- 
pepper,  and  Tower. 

Eribates  magnirostris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  605,  1907 — 
Galapagos  Islands  (monog.). 

Range:  Galapagos  Archipelago  (Albemarle,  Narborough,  Duncan, 
Charles,  Hood,  Chatham,  Barrington,  Indefatigable,  Jervis,  James, 
Bindloe,  Wenman,  and  Abingdon  Islands). 

i:    Galapagos  (Bindloe  Island  i). 

Genus  NESOTRICCUS  Townsend". 

Nesotriccus  TOWNSEND,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  27,  p.  124,  1895 — type  Nesotric- 
cus  ridgwayi  TOWNSEND. 

Nesotriccus  ridgwayi  Townsend.    Cocos  ISLAND  FLYCATCHER. 

Nesotriccus  ridgwayi  TOWNSEND,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  27,  p.  124,  1895 — 
Cocos  Island;  SNODGRASS  and  HELLER,  Proc.  Wash.  Ac.  Sci.,  4,  p.  518,  1902 — 
Cocos  Island  (descr.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  481, 
1907 — Cocos  Island  (monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  709, 
1910 — Cocos  Island. 

Range :    Cocos  Island,  off  the  Gulf  of  Panamab. 

Genus  DELTARHYNCHUS  Ridgway. 

Deltarhynchus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  606,  Oct.  1893 — type  by 
orig.  desig.  Myiarchus  flammulatus  LAWRENCE. 

Deltarhynchus  flammulatus  (Lawrence).    FLAMMULATED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiarchus  jtammulatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  n,  "1876," 
p.  71,  pub.  Feb.  1875 — Cacoprieto,  Oaxaca,  Mexico;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  263,  1888 — Tehuantepec;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Amer.  Aves,  2,  p.  96,  pi.  37,  fig.  2,  1889 — "Mazatlan,"  Tehuantepec. 

Deltarhynchus  flammulatus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  508, 
1907 — southern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Range:  Southwestern  and  southern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Jalisco 
(La  Palma),  Guerrero  (Naranjo,  La  Lagunilla),  Oaxaca  (Cacoprieto), 
and  Chiapas  (Tuxtla  Gutierrez). 

•  Nesotriccus  TOWNSEND  is  nearly  allied  to  Eribates  RIDGWAY,  but  differs  by 
somewhat  narrower,  more  depressed  bill  with  more  strongly  ridged  culmen,  shorter 
tail  and  wing,  and  longer  outermost  primary. 

b  Three  specimens  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  189 

Genus  NUTTALLORNIS  Ridgway. 

Nuttallornis  RIDGWAY,  Man.  North  Amer.  Birds,  p.  337,  Sept.  1887 — type 
Tyrannus  borealis  SWAINSON  =  Muscicapa  mesoleuca  LICHTENSTEIN. 

^Nuttallornis  mesoleucus   (Lichtenstein} .    OLIVE-SIDED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  mesoleuca  LICHTENSTEIN,  Preis-Verz.  Mexik.  Vogel,  p.  2,  1830 — 
Mexico  (the  type  examined  in  the  Berlin  Museum  was  obtained  by  Deppe  at 
Oaxaca8);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  n,  p.  58,  1863  (reprint). 

Tyrannus  borealis  SWAINSON  in  Richardson,  Faun.  Bor.-Amer.,  2,  p.  141,  pi.  35, 
Feb.  1832 — Cumberland  House,  Banks  of  the  Saskatchewan,  lat.  54°  north. 

"Muscicapa  cooperi,  M.  inornata  NOB.,  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  et  D.  Cooper  in  litt." 
(sic)  NUTTALL,  Man.  Orn.  U.  S.  and  Canada,  i,  p.  282,  1832 — Mount  Auburn, 
near  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Contopus  mesoleucus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  43,  1859 — Orizaba,  Mexico 
and  Guatemala. 

Contopus  borealis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  234,  1888  (monog.). 

Nuttallornis  borealis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  505,  1907 — 
North  America,  in  winter  south  to  northern  South  America  (monog.,  full 
bibliography);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  704,  1910 — Costa  Rica; 
FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268,  1910 — Guayabo; 
PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  78,  1911 — Galindo,  Guiaves,  Portrero,  Realito,  and 
Montelunga,  Tamaulipas;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  42,  1914 — 
Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  91, 1915 — California;  SAUNDERS,  I.e.,  14,  p.  86, 
1917 — Montana;  NOBLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  533,  1919 — New- 
foundland; HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  60,  1920 — 
Yahuarmayo,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
I4»  P-  353.  !922 — Cincinnati  and  Pueblo  Viejo,  Santa  Marta. 

Nuttallornis  borealis  majorinus  BANGS  and  PENARDb,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34, 
p.  90,  1921 — Pine  Flats,  north  fork  of  San  Gabriel  River,  Los  Angeles  County, 
California;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  219,  1922 — 
Mount  Sapo,  Darien. 

Range :  Breeding  from  central  Alaska,  southern  Mackenzie,  southern 
Keewatin,  Quebec,  and  Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  northern  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, Arizona,  and  western  Texas,  and  also  northern  Michigan,  New 
York,  and  Massachusetts  south  in  mountains  to  North  Carolina;  mi- 
grating through  Mexico  and  Central  America  and  wintering  in  northern 
South  America,  from  Venezuela0  and  Colombia  to  Peru. 

•The  type,  an  adult  male  in  good  condition  (No.  2402,  Berlin  Museum),  is  a 
specimen  of  the  smaller  eastern  form  (wing  103;  tail  74). 

b  Western  birds  are  undeniably  larger,  but  the  difference,  which  can  only  be 
appreciated  in  properly  sexed  specimens,  should  be  confirmed  by  larger  series  of 
breeding  birds. 

0  An  adult  male  (wing  112^;  tail  77)  from  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  near  Caracas, 
October  28,  1913,  S.  M.  Klages  coll.,  in  Munich  Museum. 


i go  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

28:  California  (Pasadena  i);  Arizona  (Huachuca  Mountains  5, 
Santa  Rita  Mountains  i);  Washington  (Prescott  i);  Colorado  (Ber- 
thoud's  Pass  i,  Coulter  i,  Fort  Lyon  i,  unspecified  i);  Illinois  (Chi- 
cago 4,  Joliet  3,  Lake  Forest  i,  Beach  i);  Wisconsin  (Beaver  Dam  2); 
Texas  (Cameron  i);  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  San  Jose"  2);  Peru  (Rio 
Colorado,  Chanchamayo  i). 

Genus  MYIOCHANES  Cabanis  and  Heine-. 

Contopus  (not  Contipus  MARSEUL  1853)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  3,  p.  479,  1855 — 
type  by  orig.  desig.  Muscicapa  virens  LINNAEUS. 

Syrichtha  (not  Syrichtus  BOISDUVAL  1833)  BoNAPARTEb,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Norman- 
die,  2,  p.  36,  1857 — type  by  monotypy  "Syrichtha  curtipes  BONAPARTE 
ex  SWAINSON,"  =  Tyrannula  curtipes  SWAINSON. 

Myiochanes  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  71,  1859 — new  name  for 
Syrichtha  BONAPARTE,  preoccupied. 

Horizopus  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  331,  1899-— type  by  orig.  desig.  Muscicapa 
virens  LINNAEUS. 

*Myiochanes  virens  (Linnaeus').    WOOD  PEWEE. 

Muscicapa  virens  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i?th  ed.,  i,  p.  327,  1766 — based  on 
Muscicapa  car olinensis  cinerea  BRISSON,  Orn.,  2,  p.  368,  1760,  Carolina. 

Muscicapa  querula  VIEILLOT,  Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Amer.  sept.,  i,  p.  68,  pi.  39,  1807 
(?) — "au  centre  des  fitats-Unis." 

Muscicapa  rapax  WILSON,  Amer.  Orn.,  2,  p.  81,  pi.  13,  fig.  5,  1810 — locality  not 
specified. 

Contopus  albicottis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  New  York  Ac.  Sci.,  3,  p.  156,  1885 — Yuca- 
tan (see  Oberholser,  Auk,  16,  p.  333,  1899). 

Contopus  vicinus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  576,  Aug.  1888 — 
Swan  Island,  Caribbean  Sea. 

Contopus  virens  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  238,  1888  (monog.). 

Myiochanes  virens  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  518,  1907 
(monog.,  full  bibliography) ;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  703,  1910 — 

»  Planchesia  BONAPARTE  (Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  p.  36,  1857)  is  possibly 
an  earlier  name  for  this  group  of  Flycatchers.  The  type  species  which  Bonaparte, 
without  doubt  erroneously,  identified  with  Muscicapa  fuliginosa  GMELIN  1789 
(based  on  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  574,  fig.  i,  Cayenne — an  irrecognizable  figure)  appears 
to  be  Myiochanes  cinereus  surinamensis  (PENARD  and  PENARD).  Unfortunately,  the 
original  example  cannot  be  found  in  the  Museum  at  Caen. 

Planchesia  pullata  PENARD  (Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  7,  p.  21,  1919)  lately  pro- 
posed for  the  "Gobe-mouche  brun,  de  Cayenne"  of  Daubenton  (PI.  enl.  574,  fig.  i) 
is  long  antedated  by  Muscicapa  arausiaca  MULLER  (Natursyst.,  Suppl.,  p.  171,  1776), 
having  the  same  basis. 

b  Syrichta  BONAPARTE  (Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  4th  ser.,  Zool.,  i,  p.  133,  1854)  is  a  nomen 
nudum. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  191 

Costa  Rica;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  473,  1917 — 
Dabeiba,  San  Agustin,  and  Villavicencio,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  353,  1922 — Bonda,  Cincinnati,  Mamatoco,  and 
La  Tigrera,  Colombia. 

Range :  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  Manitoba,  Ontario, 
southern  Quebec,  and  Prince  Edward  Island  to  southern  Texas  and 
central  Florida,  west  to  eastern  Nebraska,  wintering  from  Nicaragua 
south  to  Peru. 

69:  Massachusetts  (Dedham  i,  Brookline  i,  Taunton  2);  Connecti- 
cut (East  Hartford  3) ;  New  Jersey  (Englewood  i) ;  Maryland  (Laurel  i) ; 
Wisconsin  (Woodruff  8,  Beaver  Dam  12);  Illinois  (Chicago  5,  Grand 
Chain  i,  Lake  Forest  2,  Henry  2,  Palos  i,  Hegewish  i,  Desplaines  River 
i,  Olive  Branch  i,  Worth  i,  Beach  2,  Fox  Lake  i,  Joliet  4);  Missouri 
(Vicksburg  2,  Holly  Springs  i);  Texas  (Corpus  Christi  2);  Florida 
(Gainesville  i,  Key  West  5);  Costa  Rica  (Limon  5);  Peru  (Rio  Colo- 
rado, Chanchamayo  2). 

*Myiochanes  richardsonii  richardsonii  (Swainson).     WESTERN  WOOD 
PEWEE. 

Tyrannula  richardsonii  SWAINSON  in  Richardson,  Faun.  Bor.-Amer.,  2,  p.  146, 
pi.  46,  lower  fig.,  Feb.  1832 — Cumberland  House,  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 

Contopus  veliei  CONES,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  p.  61,  in  text — Fort 
Whipple,  Arizona. 

Contopus  richardsonii  saturatus  BISHOP,  Auk,  17,  p.  116,  1900 — Haines,  Alaska. 
Contopus  richardsoni  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  239,  1888 — part. 

Myiochanes  richardsonii  richardsonii  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  521,  1907  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  702,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1136 — Loma 
Hermosa,  Colombia;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  42,  1914 — Arizona; 
GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  91,  1915 — California. 

Myiochanes  richardsoni  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  105,  1907 — Lake  Atitlan,  Guatemala;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  474,  1917 — Choco,  Buenavista  (Narifio),  near  San  Agustin, 
Buenavista  (above  Villavicencio),  Colombia. 

Range:  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  central  Alaska, 
southern  Mackenzie,  central  Saskatchewan,  and  southern  Manitoba 
south  to  northern  Lower  California,  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  Coahuila, 
Nuevo  Leon,  and  Tamaulipas,  wintering  in  Central  America,  Ecuador, 
Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

39:  California  (Los  Gatos  2,  Santa  Cruz  Mountains  i,  Palo  Alto  i, 
Paicines  i,  Chaparal  i,  Santa  Monica  i,  Mount  Diablo  i);  Arizona 


192  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(Camp  Lowell  i,  Calabasas  6,  Huachuca  Mountains  6);  Colorado  (Fort 
Lyon  8,  Yampa  i,  Pueblo  i,  Williams  Range,  Routt  Co.  2);  Mexico 
(Babicora,  Chihuahua  4);  Guatemala  (Lake  Atitlan  i);  Peru  (Vista 
Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco  i). 

*Myiochanes  richardsonii  peninsulae  (Brewster).    LARGE-BILLED  WOOD 
PEWEE. 

Contopus  richardsonii  peninsulae  BREWSTER,  Auk,  8,  p.  144,  1891 — Sierra  de  la 
Laguna,  Lower  California;  idem,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  41,  p.  120,  1902 — 
Cape  San  Lucas  district  (habits). 

Myiochanes  richardsonii  peninsulae  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  525»  190? — southern  extremity  of  Lower  California  (monog.). 

Range :  Southern  extremity  of  Lower  California,  southward  in  win- 
ter to  southeastern  Mexico  (Tapana,  Oaxaca). 

4:    Lower  California  (Sierra  de  la  Laguna  4). 

Myiochanes  richardsonii  sordidulus  (Sclater).    MEXICAN  WOOD  PEWEE. 

Contopus  sordidulus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  43,  June  1859 — southern 
Mexico  and  Guatemala  (the  marked  type  examined  in  British  Museum  is 
from  Orizaba");  idem,  Ibis,  1859,  p.  441 — Orizaba  ,and  Guatemala. 

Contopus  plebeius  CAB  AMIS  and  HEINE  b,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  71,  Sept.  1859  (or 
later) — Mexico  (types)  and  Costa  Rica;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874, 
P-  539 — Monterico,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  319,  1884 — 
Monterico. 

Contopus  richardsoni  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  231, 
1862 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Orizaba,  Coban,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala;  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  239,  1888 — part. 

Myiochanes  richardsonii  sordidulus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  525,  1907 — southern  Mexico  and  highlands  of  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica  and 
Panama;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  701,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (breed- 
ing). 

Horizopus  richardsonii  sordidulus  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca,  Costa 
Rica. 

Contopus  sp.  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  13, 
1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador  (teste  Berlepsch  in  MS.). 

*  It  is  spec,  i  of  C.  richardsoni  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  239. 

b  Although  I  have  not  seen  the  types,  I  have  little  doubt  C.  plebeius  is  synonymous 
with  C.  sordidulus,  since  a  specimen  from  Monterico  (Peru),  belonging  to  the  Warsaw 
Museum,  which  had  been  transmitted  to,  and  identified  by  Cabanis  himself  proves 
to  be  identical  with  the  small  dark  race  of  Central  America.  Besides  the  type  from 
Orizaba  and  several  Guatemalan  specimens,  I  have  seen  two  from  San  Jos£,  one 
Bogota  skin,  and  the  adult  male  from  Monterico,  Peru.  Those  from  South  America, 
although  their  date  of  capture  is  not  recorded  on  the  labels,  were  no  doubt  taken  in 
winter  time. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  193 

Range :  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  Guerrero, 
Tabasco,  and  Chiapas),  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  and  western  Panama 
(Chiriqui),  in  winter  south  to  Colombia  (Bogota),  Ecuador  (Rio  Per- 
ipa),  and  Peru  (Monterico,  Dept.  Ayacucho). 

*Myiochanes  cinereus  cinereus  (Spix).    ASH-COLORED  PEWEE. 

Platyrhynchus  cinereus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  n,  pi.  13,  fig.  2,  1825 — "in  sylvis 
flum.  Amazonum"  errore,  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  lost)'. 

Tyrannula  curtipes  SWAINSON,  Ornith.  Drawings,  Part  5,  pi.  54,  1836  (?) — Brazil. 

Muscipeta  cana  (CuviER  MS.)  PUCHERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  7,  livr. 
3.  P-  333.  l&55 — "Bresil,  coll.  Delalande"  =  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Contopus  pileatus  RiDGWAYb,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  8,  p.  21,  1885 — locality 
unknown  (type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York  ex- 
amined). 

Myiochanes  cinereus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — Registo  do  Sai,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  and  Curytiba  (Parana)  (spec,  examined); 
REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  p.  331,  1870 — Mocambo  and 
Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  89,  1874 — Carita- 
gallo,  Rio;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  245,  1888 — part,  spec,  b-d,  Rio, 
Ypanema,  and  Sao  Paulo;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  203,  1899 — Iguape', 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  156,  1900 — Cantagallo;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  645,  1906  (crit.) ;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57, 
1914 — Alto  Parana. 

Blacicus  pileatus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  135,  1902 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Blacicus  cinereus  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  293,  1907 — Itarare',  Caconde, 
Yporanga,  Sao  Sebastiao,  and  Ubatuba,  Sao  Paulo;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt. 
Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  482,  498,  1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana. 

Blacicus  cinereus  pileatus  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  293,  1907 — Jaboti- 
cabal,  Bauni,  Barretos,  Bebdouro,  and  Avanhandava,  Sao  Paulo  (crit.). 

Myiochanes  cinereus  pileatus  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  594 — Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

MyiocJianes  cinereus  cinereus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  131,  1912 — wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from 
Minas  Geraes  and  Espirito  Santo  to  Parana  (crit.,  diag.). 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Minas 
Geraes  (Lagoa  Santa;  Mocambo;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem)  and  Espir- 
to  Santo  (Victoria)  south  to  Parana,  and  adjoining  districts  of 
Argentina  (Misiones)  and  Paraguay  (Sapucay,  Alto  Parana)0. 

•  See  Hellmayr,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  645  (crit.). 

b  The  type  of  C.  pileatus  proves  to  be  identical  with  specimens  from  Minas 
Geraes  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  viz.  the  dark  form  of  southeastern  Brazil. 

c  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes  4; 
Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  i;  Rio  de  Janeiro  2,  Registo  do  Sai,  Rio  i;  Sao  Paulo, 
Sao  Paulo  i,  Ypanema  3,  Sao  Sebastiao  4,  Victoria  3,  Itarar6  i,  Aracatuba  i,  Jaboti- 
cabal  i ,  Rio  Paranapanema  i ;  Curytiba,  Parana  i ;  unspecified  (type  of  C.  pUeatus) 
i.  Argentina,  Misiones  i :  Puerto  Segundo,  Caraguatay  3. 


1 94  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

6 :  Brazil  (Sao  Paulo  i ,  Aragatuba,  Sao  Paulo  i ) ;  Argentina,  Misiones 
(Puerto  Segundo  i,  Caraguatay  3). 

*Myiochanes  cinereus  pallescens  subsp.  nov.»     DUSKY-CAPPED  PEWEE. 

Myiochanes  cinereus  (not  Platyrhynchus  cinereus  SPIX)  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  343 

— Quipapa  and  Macuca,  Pernambuco  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  245,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  Pernambuco. 
Contopus  brachytarsus  (not  of  SCLATER)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  608 — 

Campo  Santo,  Salta;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  156,  1888 — 

Salta;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  n,  1895 — Colonia 

Risso,  Paraguay  (spec,  examined). 
Blacicus  brachytarsus  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  8,  p.  187,  1902 — 

Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — Tucuman. 
Myiochanes  brachytarsus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Buenos  Aires,  18,  p.  346, 

1910 — Salta  and  Tucuman  (ex  WHITE  and  LILLO). 
Blacicus  pileatus  (not  Contopus  pileatus  RIDGWAY)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 

Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  76,  1910;   p.  165,  1925 — below  Queimadas,  Rio 

Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 
Myiochanes  cinereus  pileatus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  203,  1909 

— Tucuman;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2, 

p.  131,  1912 — part,  Paraguay,   Argentina   (Tucuman),   Pernambuco,  and 

Piauhy  (crit.,  characters). 
Blacicus  cinereus  subsp.  pileatus  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  42,  1909 — Vipos 

(Tucuman)  and  Ledesma  (Jujuy). 
Myiochanes  cinereus  subsp.  pileatus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p. 

347,  1910 — Vipos  and  Ledesma  (ex  LILLO). 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao  (Ponto,  Canella), 
Piauhy  (below  Queimadas,  Rio  Parnahyba),  Pernambuco,  Bahia  (Rio 

a  Myiochanes  cinereus  pallescens  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  State  of  Bahia,  Brazil,  in  Field  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  No.  53497.  Adult  female.  April  3,  1914.  R.  H.  Becker. 

Adult  (sexes  alike). — Similar  to  M.  c.  cinereus,  but  decidedly  paler  throughout; 
pileum  dusky  rather  than  blackish;  back  lighter  olive  gray,  the  larger  upper  wing- 
coverts  with  suggestions  of  pale  apical  edges;  breast  and  sides  much  paler  grayish, 
throat  dingy  whitish;  under  tail-coverts  and  an  extensive  area  in  the  middle  of  the 
abdomen  pale  yellowish  or  yellowish  white.  Wing  (male)  73-77,  (female)  68-72; 
tail  66-69,  (female)  62-65. 

Remarks. — In  coloration,  this  form  closely  approaches  M.  cinereus  bogotensis  and 
M.  c.  andinus,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  less  white  on  the  throat  and  the  indis- 
tinct (or  barely  suggested)  wing  bands.  In  worn  plumage  when  all  colors  become 
paler  and  duller,  certain  specimens  of  M.  c.  cinereus  run  pretty  close,  but  freshly- 
molted  birds  of  the  two  races  can  easily  be  told  apart.  An  example  from  Paraguay 
(Colonia  Risso)  and  two  from  Tucuman  are  also  referable  to  this  form.  Birds  from 
the  interior  of  S5o  Paulo  and  southern  Parayuay,  formerly  referred  to  the  present 
race,  I  now  think  should  undoubtedly  go  with  M.  c.  cinereus. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  below  Queimadas,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  i; 
Ponto  (Canella),  Maranhao  i,  Alto  Parnahyba,  Maranhao  i;  Quipapa,  Pernam- 
buco i;  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  i;  Piraputanga,  Matto  Grosso  i;  Paraguay: 
Colonia  Risso  i.  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman:  Manantial  i,  Tafi  Viejo  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY-HELLMAYR.  195 

Preto)  and  Mat  to  Grosso,  south  to  northern  Paraguay  (Colonia  Risso»)  ; 
northern  Argentina  (prov.  Tucuman,  Salta,  and  Jujuy). 

5  :  Brazil  (Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  i  ;  Ponto,  Canella,  Mar- 
anhao  i  ,  Alto  Parnahyba,  Maranhao  i  ;  Piraputanga,  Matto  Grosso  i  )  ; 
Argentina  (Tafi  Viejo,  Tucumdn  i). 

Myiochanes  cinereus  surinamensis  (Penard  and  Penard)b.    SURINAM 

PEWEE. 
C[ontopus]  b[r  achy  tarsus]  surinamensis  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2, 

p.  259,  in  text,  1910  —  Surinam. 
Blacicus  brachytarsus  guianarum  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  411, 

1917  —  near  Paramaribo,  Surinam  (type  examined). 
Contopus  brachytarsus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 

p.  578  —  Mexiana  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  240, 

1888  —  part,  spec,  a',  b',  Guiana  and  Mexiana. 
Horizopus  brachytarsus  depressirostris  (not  Contopus  depressirostris  RIDGWAY) 

BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  50,  1902  —  Altagracia,  Rio  Ori- 

noco, Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 
Myiochanes  brachytarsus  andinus  (not  Empidonax  andinus  TACZANOWSKI)  BER- 

LEPSCH, Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  128,  1908  —  Cayenne;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math. 

phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  130  —  Maraj6;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  131,  1912  — 

part,  Cayenne,  Mexiana,  Maraj6,  Orinoco. 
Myiochanes  brachytarsus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  243,  1916  — 

Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco. 
Blacicus  andinus  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  225,  1921  —  Abary  River, 

British  Guiana. 

Range  :  Northern  Brazil  (Islands  of  Mexiana  and  Maraj6)  ;  French, 
Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (Altagracia,  Rio 
Orinoco). 

^Myiochanes  cinereus  bogotensis  (Bonaparte)".    CARIBBEAN  PEWEE. 

•  Sylvia  sylvestris  VIEILLOT  (Tabl.  enc.  me"th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  89,  p.  457,  1820  — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  168,  Paraguay)  which  Bertoni  (Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913)  thinks 
might  be  referable  to  the  present  species  appears  to  me  unidentifiable.  Compared  to 
Serpophaga  nigricans,  the  under  parts,  in  M.  c.  pallescens,  are  certainly  not  darker. 

b  Myiochanes  cinereus  surinamensis  (PENARD  and  PENARD)  :  Closely  allied  to 
M.  c.  bogotensis,  but  distinctly  smaller  and  under  parts  paler,  the  chest  and  sides 
being  of  a  clearer  grayish  (less  tinged  with  olive),  while  the  middle  of  the  abdomen 
is  more  yellowish  white.  Wing  (male)  76-72,  (female)  66^-69;  tail  61-63,  (female) 


Two  specimens  from  the  islands  in  the  delta  of  the  Amazon  are  identical  with  the 
Guianan  ones,  while  a  single  female  from  the  Orinoco  (Altagracia)  approaches 
bogotensis  in  coloration. 

Material  examined.  —  French  Guiana:  Cayenne  9.  Dutch  Guiana:  near  Para- 
maribo i.  Brazil:  Mexiana  i,  Cachoeira,  Maraj6  i.  Venezuela:  Altagracia,  Rio 
Orinoco  i. 

e  Myiochanes  cinereus  bogotensis  (BONAPARTE)  :  Nearly  allied  to  M.  c.  brachy- 
tarsus, but  with  smaller  bill;  upper  parts  slightly  more  grayish,  with  the  crown 


196  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tyrannula  bogotensis  BONAPARTE*,  Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.   190,  1850 — Columbia  = 

Bogota. 

Contopus  bogotensis  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  87 — near  Port  of  Spain,  Trinidad. 
Myiobius  virens  (not  Muscicapa  virens  LINNAEUS)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  226, 

1866— Trinidad. 

Contopus  br  achy  tarsus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  168 — Pilar  and  Caracas;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  628 — San  Esteban;  idem,  I.e.,  1870, 
p.  781 — Merida;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  7,  p.  173,  1884 — Trinidad; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  240,  1888 — part,  spec,  w-z,  Bogota, 
Caracas,  San  Esteban,  Venezuela;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4, 
p.  54,  1892 — Carupano;  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  6,  p.  43,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad; 
PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 —  San  Antonio,  Bermudez;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  137,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  13,  p.  143,  1900 — Minca  and  Cacagualito;  idem,  I.e.,  21,  p.  282,  1905 — 
Bonda  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Blacicus  andinus  (not  Empidonax  andinus  TACZANOWSKI)  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16, 
p.  336,  1899 — part,  Colombia  east  to  Trinidad. 

Blacicus  brachytarsus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  25,  1906 — Caparo,  Pointe 
Gourde,  and  Valencia,  Trinidad. 

Horizopus  brachytarsus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  190,  1906 — 
Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Myiochanes  brachytarsus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  526, 
1907 — part,  Colombian,  Venezuelan,  and  Trinidad  references  and  localities; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  363,  1908 — Aripo  and  Carenage, 
Trinidad;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  474,  1917 — El  Con- 
suelo,  above  Honda. 

Myiochanes  cinereus  andinus  (not  Empidonax  andinus  TACZANOWSKI)  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  131,  1912 — part, 
Venezuela  (excl.  Altagracia)  and  Trinidad;  idem  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  84,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo. 

Myiochanes  brachytarsus  subsp.  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  352,  1922 — Don  Diego,  Minca,  Dibulla,  and  Mamatoco,  Santa  Marta 
region. 

Range:  Island  of  Trinidad;  north  coast  of  Venezuela,  east  to  Ber- 
mudez, west  to  M6rida;  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region;  Magdalena 
Valley;  Bogota). 

6:    Venezuela  (Caracas  3,  Macuto,  Caracas  i;  Maracay,  Aragua  i). 

less  dusky;  lower  surface  decidedly  paler,  the  chest  less  shaded  with  grayish,  the 
abdomen  lighter  yellowish  in  the  middle.  Wing  (male)  73-79,  (female)  70^-75 ;  tail 
64-70;  bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Caparo  19,  Aripo  2,  Valencia  i,  Carenage  2, 
Chaguaramas  i,  Macacas  i.  Venezuela:  vicinity  of  Cumana,  Bermudez  6;  Caracas 
4;  Maracay,  Aragua  2;  Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo  i;  Mts.  near  Bucarito,  Tocuyo, 
Lara  i.  Colombia:  Bogota  2. 

•  Except  for  an  obvious  pen-slip — it  should  read  "secunda  et  tertia  [remigibusj 

inter  se  aequalibus"  instead  of  "prima  et  tertia " — Bonaparte's  short 

diagnosis  applies  fairly  well  to  the  Pewee  of  northern  South  America. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  197 

Myiochanes  cinereus  canescens  Chapman*.    CHAPMAN'S  PEWEE. 

Myiochanes  uigrescns  canescens  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Nov.,  231,  p.  7,  1926  — 
Rio  Negro,  Dept.  San  Martin,  Peru. 

Range:  Northeastern  Peru  (Rio  Negro,  between  Chachapoyas  and 
Moyobamba,  Dept,  San  Martin). 

Myiochanes  cinereus  nigrescens  Sclater  and  Salvinb.    BLACKISH  PEWEE. 

Myiochanes  nigrescens  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  157 — Sara- 
yacu,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  246,  1888 — Gualaquiza 
and  Sarayacu;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  13,  1899 — Rio  Santiago,  Ecuador. 

Myiochanes  cinereus  nigrescens  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  132,  1912 — eastern  Ecuador  (diag.). 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu,  Gualaquiza,  Rio  Santiago). 

*Myiochanes  cinereus  punensis  (Lawrence)0.    LAWRENCE'S  PEWEE. 

Contopus  punensis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.,  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  236,  1869 — 
Puna  Island,  Ecuador  (  =  juv.);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  474 — 
Lechugal,  Prov.  Tumbez;  idem.  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Callacate  (spec,  examined); 
idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  319,  1884 — Junin,  Lechugal,  Chota,  and  Callacate; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  558 — Guayaquil 
(spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  12,  1895 — Cajabamba,  Vina, 
Succha,  and  Chusgon  (Huamachuco). 

Empidonax  andinus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  539 — vicinity  of 
Junin,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  235 — Chota,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Contopus  brachytarsus  (not  Empidonax  brachytarsus  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  240,  1888 — part,  spec,  c',  Chota. 

•  Myiochanes  cinereus  canescens  CHAPMAN:  "Resembling  M.  c.  nigrescens,  but 
grayer  throughout,  the  crown  dark  mouse  gray  instead  of  black,  the  under  parts 
deep  neutral  gray,  instead  of  dark  mouse  gray."  (Chapman  I.e.). 

b  Myiochanes  cinereus  nigrescens  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Nearest  to  M.  c.  cinereus, 
but  crown  deep  black  instead  of  sooty  black;  back  and  wing-coverts  darker,  more 
sooty  gray,  and  under  parts  uniform  light  sooty  gray,  without  any  yellowish  tinge  on 
anal  region  and  under  tail-coverts.  Wing  (one  adult)  70;  tail  62;  bill  13. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Sarayacu  i. 

0  Myiochanes  cinereus  punensis  (LAWRENCE)  :  In  coloration  closely  similar  to 
M.  c.  bogotensis,  but  bill  much  larger;  upper  parts  somewhat  more  grayish  (almost 
smoke  gray)  and  light  wing-bands  more  pronounced.  Wing  (male)  73-76,  (female) 
68-70;  tail  64-69;  bill  14-15. 

With  the  more  satisfactory  material  now  available  I  have  no  difficulty  in  sep- 
arating the  Peruvian  birds  from  those  of  the  Venezuelan  north  coast  to  which  I  had 
formerly  applied  the  name  E.  andinus.  An  authentic  specimen  of  the  latter  in  the 
British  Museum  agrees  with  our  own  series,  and  two  skins  from  Guayaquil  (C. 
punensis}  do  not  differ  either  as  far  as  I  can  see.  Lawrence's  term,  thus,  becomes  the 
proper  appellation  of  the  large-billed  Pacific  form  of  the  South  American  Pewee. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Guayaquil  2.  Peru:  Chota  (Empidonax  andinus 
TACZANOWSKI)  i,  Callacate  i,  Hacienda  Limon  5,  Hacienda  Lkgueda  2,  Choquisongo 
2,  Santa  Eulalia  2. 


198  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Contopus  virens  (not  Muscicapa  virens  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 

14,  p.  238,  1888 — part,  spec.  r',s',  Puna  Island. 
Blacicus  punensis  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  336,  1899 — Puna  Island. 
Blacicus  andinus  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  336,  1899 — part,  Peru. 
Myiochanes  punensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  512,  1907 — 

western  Ecuador  and  northwestern  Peru  (diag.) ;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35, 

p.  455,  1918 — Huancabamba,  Peru. 
Myiochanes  b[rachytarsus\  punensis  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  128,  in  text, 

1908 — Guayaquil  (crit.). 
Myiochanes  cinereus  punensis  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 

Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  132,  1912 — western  Ecuador. 
Myiochanes  cinereus  andinus  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  p.  131,  1912 — part,  Choquisongo 

and  Junin,  Peru. 

Range :  Southwestern  Ecuador  (from  Manabi  south)  and  Peru  (in 
depts.  Tumbez,  Piura,  Cajamarca,  Libertad,  Lima,  and  Junin). 

9:  Peru  (Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas  5,  Hacienda 
Llagueda,  northeast  of  Otuzco,  Dept.  Libertad  2 ;  Santa  Eulalia,  Dept. 
Lima  2). 

Myiochanes  cinereus  rhizophora  Dwigkt  and  Griscom*.    GUANACASTE 

PEWEE. 

Myiochanes  brachytarsus  rhizophora  DWIGHT  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit., 
142,  p.  3,  1924 — Punta  Piedra,  Guanacaste,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica,  in  Province  of  Guanacaste 
(Punta  Piedra). 

^Myiochanes  cinereus  brachytarsus  (Sclater).    SHORT-LEGGED  PEWEE. 

Empidonax  brachytarsus  SCLATER,  Ibis,    i,  p.  441,  1859 — Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz, 

Mexico. 
Contopus  schottii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  202,  1869 — 

M6rida,  Yucatan. 
Contopus  depressirostris  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  6,  p.  403,  footnote, 

April  1884 — Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua. 
Contopus  brachytarsus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  240,  1888 — part,  spec. 

a-v,    Santecomapam   and   Cordoba    (Mexico),    Yucatan,    Cozumel   Island, 

Guatemala,  Calovevora,  Panama;   SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 

Aves,  2,  p.  86,  1889 — part,  Mexico  to  Panama. 
Blacicus  brachytarsus  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  336,  1899 — southeastern  Mexico. 

•  Myiochanes  cinereus  rhizophora  DWIGHT  and  GRISCOM:  Stated  to  differ  from 
M .  c.  brachytarsus  by  being  pale  brownish  gray  above  with  no  tinge  of  olive  and  paler 
below,  having  the  sides  of  breast  and  chest  plain  gray,  not  brownish  or  olivaceous, 
and  the  rest  of  the  under  parts  white,  perceptibly  tinged  with  yellow  only  on  the 
flanks,  and  by  its  very  short  bill. 

This  form  unknown  to  me  was  based  on  two  specimens  from  the  Mangrove  jungle 
of  the  Pacific  coast  of  Costa  Rica. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  199 

Blacicus  andinus  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  336,  1899 — 
part,  Pacific  side  of  Mexico  and  Central  America. 

Myiochanes  brachytarsus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  526, 
1907 — part,  Central  American  references  and  localities;  DEARBORN,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  105,  1907 — San  Jose1,  Patulul,  and  Maza- 
tenango,  Guatemala;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  701,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica  (crit);  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Camp  Mengel,  Terr.  Quin- 
tana  Roo;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  267 — Gatun,  Panama; 
HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  317,  1924 — New  Culebra,  Panama. 

Myiochanes  cinereus  brachytarsus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  132,  1912 — Mexico  to  Panama. 

Range:  Southeastern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca, 
Tabasco,  Campeche,  Yucatan,  Quintana  Roo,  and  Chiapas)  and  south- 
ward through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  Nicaragua, 
Costa  Rica  (except  Pacific  coast)  to  Panama  (Canal  Zone). 

8:  Guatemala  (San  Jose",  Esquintla  2,  Patulul,  Solola  3,  Mazaten- 
ango  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i);  Panama  (Colon  i). 

Myiochanes   fumigatus   brachyrhynchus    (Cohanis)*.     SHORT-BILLED 
PEWEE. 

Contopus  brachyrhynchus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  214,  1883 — Tucuman 
(type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i, 
p.  155,  1888 — Tucuman;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  236,  1888 — 
Tucuman. 

Horizopus  brachyrhynchus  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  332,  1899 — Tucuman; 
LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  187,  1902 — Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr. 
cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  478, 
1907  (crit.). 

Horizopus  ardesiacus  (not  Tyrannula  ardosiaca  LAFRESNAYE)  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus. 
La  Plata,  n,  p.  256,  1904 — Oran,  Salta. 

Horizopus  fumigatus  brachyrhynchus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
p.  203,  1909 — Tafi,  Tucuman  and  Ledesma,  Jujuy  (spec,  examined). 

Horizopus  fumigatus  subsp.  brachyrhynchus  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  42, 
1 909 — Tucuman. 

»  Myiochanes  fumigatus  brachyrhynchus  (CABANIS)  :  Similar  to  M .  f.  fumigatus, 
but  much  paler  throughout;  hind  neck,  back,  and  sides  of  the  head  light  smoke 
gray  tinged  with  olive  instead  of  sooty  gray;  crown  hardly  darker  than  the  back; 
under  parts  likewise  paler  grayish,  the  throat  suffused  with  whitish,  and  the  middle 
of  the  belly  extensively  yellowish  white,  etc.  Wing  (male)  98-101,  (female)  93; 
tail  82-85,  (female)  79;  bill  16-17. 

This  is  the  palest  among  the  races  of  M.  fumigatus,  being  much  lighter  colored 
below  than  even  M.  f.  cineraceus,  with  the  yellowish  white  abdominal  area  much 
more  extensive. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Jujuy:  Ledesma  3;  Tucuman  (the  type)  i, 
Vipos  i,  Tafi  Viejo  i. 


200  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  subsp.  brachyrhynchus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  347,  1910 — Tucuman. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  brachyrhynchus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  246,  1913 — 
northwestern  Argentina  (char.,  crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Argentina  (in  prov. 
Jujuy,  Salta,  and  Tucuman). 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  fumigatus  (Lafrestiaye  and  UOrbigny).    SMOKE- 
COLORED  PEWEE. 

Tyrannus  fumigatus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  43,  1837 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  307,  1839 — Irupana,  Prov.  Yungas. 

Contopus  ardesiacus  (not  Tyrannula  ardosiaca  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  615— Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
Mus.,  14,  p.  237,  1888 — part,  spec.  1,  m,  Tilotilo;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  87,  1889 — Mapiri,  Bolivia. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  fumigatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  245,  246,  1913 — 
Yungas,  San  Antonio,. Songo,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia  (crit.,  char.);  idem,  I.e.,  32, 
p.  21,  1925 — Bolivia  (note  on  type);  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  4, 
1924 — Santo  Domingo,  Peru  and  Incachaca,  Todos  Santos,  Mapiri,  and 
California,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  extreme  southeastern  Peru  (Santo 
Domingo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno)  and  Bolivia  (in  depts.  La 
Paz,  Cochabamba,  and  Santa  Cruz)s. 

*Myiochanes   fumigatus   ardosiacus    (Lafresnaye)b.     SLATE-COLORED 
PEWEE. 

Tyrannula  ardosiaca  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  7,  p.  80,  1844 — "Colombie"  = 
Bogota. 

Sayornis  ardosiaca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota. 

Contopus  ardesiacus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  515 — Medellin 
and  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  539 — Paltaypampa 
and  Auquimarca,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  235 — Tambillo;  idem,  I.e.,  1882, 
p.  21 — Cococh6;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  317,  1884 — Paltaypampa,  Auqui- 
marca, Tambillo,  Cococh6,  Ninabamba;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1885,  p.  92 — Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  237,  1888 — part,  spec.  d-g,j,k,  Me"rida,  Bogota,  Medellin,  Santa  Elena, 

•Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Yungas  (the  type)  i,  Tilotilo  i,  Songo  i,  San 
Antonio  3. 

b  Myiochanes  fumigatus  ardosiacus  (LAFRESNAYE)  :  Closely  allied  to  M .  f.  fumi- 
gatus, but  decidedly  darker,  more  slate  gray,  particularly  below. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Molinopampa  2,  Tambillo  i,  Chanchamayo  i. 
Ecuador:  Mapoto  i,  Machay  i.  Colombia:  Bogotd  6,  Medellin  i.  Venezuela, 
Andes  of  Meiida:  Rio  Mucuj6n  i,  La  Hechisera  i,  MeYida  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  201 

Ninabamba,  Tambillo;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  367 — Chanchamayo  and  Garita  del  Sol,  Peru;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  707 — part,  Baeza  (crit.). 

Myiochanes  ardesiacus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  232,  1862 — part, 
spec,  b,  Bogotd;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — Me'rida. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  ardosiacus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  246,  1913 — part, 
Peru,  Colombia,  and  western  Venezuela  (Me'rida) ;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk, 
35»  P-  455»  I9J8 — Tabaconas,  Peru. 

Myiochanes  ardosiacus  ardosiacus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  473,  1917 — Paramillo  Trail,  San  Antonio,  Cerro  Munchique,  Gallera, 
Ricaurte,  Buenavista  (Narifio),  Salento,  Rio  Toche^  La  Palma,  near  San 
Agustin,  La  Candela,  Fusugasuga,  Aguadita,  El  Roble,  and  Palo  Hueco, 
Colombia;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  98,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge 
and  Torontoy,  Urubamba  region. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  ardosiacus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  4,  1924 — 
Urubamba  Canyon,  Chelpes  (Vitoc),  Utcuyacu  (above  La  Merced),  Rumicruz, 
and  Chaupe,  n.  e.  of  Huancabamba,  Peru ;  Baeza,  eastern  Ecuador ;  Colombia ; 
Me'rida  region. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru  (except  extreme  southeastern 
and  northwestern  sections),  eastern  Ecuador,  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  region),  and  western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Me'rida). 

3:    Peru  (Molinopampa  2);  Venezuela  (Rio  Mucujon,  Me'rida  i). 

*Myiochanes  fumigatus  zarumae  Chapman*.    ZARUMA  PEWEE. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  zarumae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  4,  1924 — 
above  Zaruma,  Prov.  El  Oro,  western  Ecuador. 

Contopus  ardesiacus  (not  Tyrannula  ardosiaca  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  92,  1860 — Perucho  and 
Puellaro;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  558 — Chimbo;  idem, 
I.e.,  1884,  p.  297 — Cayandeled  and  Bugnac  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  237,  1888 — part,  spec,  h,  i,  Pallatanga;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  12,  1899 — Nanegal;  GOODFELLOW, 
Ibis,  1901,  p.  707 — part,  Gualea. 

Myiochanes  ardesiacus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  232,  1862 — part,  spec, 
a,  Pallatanga. 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  ardosiacus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  246,  1913 — 
part,  western  Ecuador. 

•  Myiochanes  fumigatus  zarumae  CHAPMAN:  Very  near  M.  f.  fumigatus,  of 
Bolivia,  but  smaller;  upper  parts  grayer,  less  olivaceous,  cap  more  blackish;  under 
parts  grayer,  the  throat  and  lower  abdomen  less  tinged  with  yellowish;  not  unlike 
M.  f.  ardosiacus,  of  Colombia  and  eastern  Ecuador,  but  under  parts  rather  paler  and 
slightly  olivaceous,  the  throat,  center  of  abdomen,  and  under  tail-coverts  more 
suffused  with  whitish.  Wing  (male)  92,  (female)  86-88;  tail  78,  (female)  72-74. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Cayandeled  2,  Gualea  2,  unspecified  i. 


2O2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  and  extreme  north- 
western Peru  (Palambla,  Dept.  Piura). 
i :    Ecuador  (unspecified  i). 

Myiochanes  fumigatus  cineraceus  (Lafresnaye)*.    GRAYISH  PEWEE. 
Tyrannula  cineracea  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  n,  p.  7,  1848 — Caracas. 
Myiochanes  ardosiacus  polioptilus  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  8,  p.  208,  1912 — 

Lagunita  de  Aroa,  State  of  Lara,  Venezuela. 
Myiochanes  ardosiacus  cineraceus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 

63,  p.  28,  1919  (crit.  note  on  type). 
Myiochanes  fumigatus  cineraceus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  4,  1924 — 

Lagunita  de  Aroa,  Lara  and  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Lara 
(Lagunita  de  Aroa)  and  Carabobo  (Cumbre  de  Valencia)  and  in  Dept. 
Federal  Occidental  (Loma  Redonda  and  Galipdn,  Cerro  del  Avila,  Cara- 
cas range) b. 

^Myiochanes  lugubris  (Lawrence)'.    LUGUBRIOUS  PEWEE. 

Contopus  lugubris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  134,  1867 — • 
Barranca,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  115,  1868 — Barranca,  Birris,  and  Dota, 
Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  236,  1888 — Costa  Rica  and 
"Veragua"  =  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  83,  1889 — Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui. 

Horizopus  lugubris  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  16,  p.  332,  1899  (crit.);  BANGS,  Proc.  New 
Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  39,  1902 — Boquete  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 

Myiochanes  lugubris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  516,  1907 — 
Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268,  1910 — Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  704,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama 
(Chiriqui) . 

a  Myiochanes  fumigatus  cineraceus  (LAFRESNAYE)  :  Nearest  to  M.  /.  ardosiacus, 
but  under  parts  decidedly  paler,  about  mouse  gray;  chin  and  throat  strongly  suffused 
with  whitish ;  center  of  abdomen  white;  under  tail-coverts  whiter,  the  dusky  markings 
being  much  reduced;  upper  parts  generally  paler;  outer  web  of  outermost  rectrix 
whitish.  Wing  (male)  91-93,  (female)  86-89;  tail  81,  (female)  77;  bill  15-16. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Carabobo:  Cumbre  de  Valencia  i.  Dept. 
Federal  Occidental:  Loma  Redonda  2,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  6. 

b  In  the  mountains  of  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Twek-Quay)  an  additional  race 
exists  which  I  am  unable  to  determine.  Two  specimens  in  worn  plumage  so  closely 
resemble  M.  f.  zarumae  that  I  cannot  find  a  single  character  of  distinction  either  in 
size  or  color.  To  this  doubtful  form  refer  Contopus  ardesiacus  SALVIN  (Ibis,  1885, 
p.  298 — Roraima)  and  SCLATER  (Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  237,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c, 
Roraima,  Twek-Quay),  and  Horizopus  ardesiacus  CHUBB  (Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2, 
p.  224,  1921 — same  localities). 

e  Probably  conspecific  with  M.  fumigatus. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  203 

3:    Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  2);  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui  i). 

Myiochanes  ochraceus  (Sclater  and  Salvin)*.    OCHRACEOUS  PEWEE. 

Contopus  ochraceus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  419 — Costa 
Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  237,  1888 — Costa  Rica;  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  84,  pi.  38,  fig.  2,  1889 — Costa 
Rica. 

Myiochanes  ochraceus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  517,  1907 — 
high  mountains  of  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  703, 
1910 — Volcanoes  Irazu  and  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  High  mountains  of  Costa  Rica  (Volcanoes  Irazti  and  Tur- 
rialba). 

^Myiochanes  pertinax  pertinax  (Cabanis  and   Heine).     SWAINSON'S 
PEWEE. 

Contopus  pertinax  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hem.,  2,  p.  72,  1859 — Jalapa,  Vera 

Cruz,  Mexico;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  235,  1888 — Plains  of  Co- 

lima,  Ciudad  Durango,  and  Jalapa  (Mexico),  Volcan  de  Agua  and  Volcan  de 

Fuego  (Guatemala). 
Contopus  musicus  (not  Tyrannula  musica  SwAiNSONb)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 

Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,   2,  p.   81,   1889 — part,  Colima,  Guerrero,  Vera 

Cruz,  Guatemala,  and  British  Honduras. 
Myiochanes  pertinax  pertinax  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  513, 

1907 — central  and   southern   Mexico,   Guatemala,   and   British   Honduras 

(monog.). 
Myiochanes  pertinax  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  105, 

1907 — Lake  Atitlan  to  Tecpam,  Guatemala. 

Range:  Central  and  southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz, 
Pueblo,  Mexico,  San  Luis  Potosi,  Guanajuato,  Durango,  Morelos, 
Jalisco,  Sinaloa,  Michoacan,  Colima,  Guerrero,  Oaxaca,  Chiapas,  and 
Tepic)  and  southward  over  highlands  of  Guatemala  to  British  Honduras. 

10:  Mexico  (unspecified  i);  Guatemala  (Lake  Atitlan  6,  near  Tec- 
pam 3). 

^Myiochanes  pertinax  pallidiventris  (Chapman).  COUES'S  PEWEE. 

Contopus  pertinax  pallidiventris  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  14,  p.  310,  1897 — Pima  County, 

Arizona. 
Contopus  musicus   (not   Tyrannula  musica  SWAINSON)   SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 

Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  81,   1889 — part,  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  and 

southern  Arizona. 

•  We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species. 

b  Tyrannula  musica  SWAINSON  (Philos.  Mag.,  n.  s.,  i,  p.  368,  1827 — Mexico) 
appears  to  me  unidentifiable. 


204  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiochanes  pertinax  pallidiventris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  5i5»  !9O7 — northwestern  Mexico  and  Arizona  (monog.);  PHILLIPS,  Auk, 
28,  p.  78,  1911 — Rampahuila,  Yerba  Buena,  Montelunga,  Realito,  and 
Galindo,  Tamaulipas;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  42,  1914 — Arizona. 

Range:  Mountains  of  southern  and  central  Arizona  and  northern 
Mexico  (in  states  of  Durango,  Chihuahua,  Sonora,  northern  Tepic,  and 
Tamaulipas),  accidental  in  Colorado  (Fort  Lyon). 

22:  Arizona  (Calabasas  i,  Rock  Canyon  i,  Huachuca  Mountains  6) ; 
Mexico  (Babicora,  Chihuahua  14). 

*Myiochanes  pertinax  minor  Miller  and  Griscom*.   LESSER  SWAINSON'S 
PEWEE. 

Myiochanes  pertinax  minor  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159, 
p.  5,  1925 — between  San  Rafael  del  Norte  and  Jinotega,  Nicaragua. 

Range:    Northern  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte,  Jinotega). 
2 :    Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  2). 


Genus  BLACICUS  Cabanis. 

Blacicus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  3,  p.  480,  1855 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Muscipeta 
caribea  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Blacicus  caribaeus  caribaeus  (D'Orbigny).  CUBAN  WOOD  PEWEE. 

Muscipeta  caribaea  D'ORBIGNY  in  Sagra,  Hist.  He  de  Cuba,  Orn.,  p.  92,  1839 — 
Cuba. 

Blacicus  caribaeus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Bnt.  Mus.,  14,  p.  242,  1888 — San  Cristobal 
and  Remedies,  Cuba;  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies,  p.  128,  1889 — Cuba;  RIDG- 
WAY, Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  533,  1907 — Island  of  Cuba  and  Isle 
of  Pines  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  n,  p.  250, 
1916 — Los  Indies,  Isle  of  Pines. 

Blacicus  caribaeus  caribaeus  B  ARBOUR,  Mem.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  6,  p.  100,  1923 — 
Cuba. 

Range:    Island  of  Cuba,  including  Isle  of  Pines. 

8 :  Cuba  (San  Diego  de  los  Banos  3,  near  Palasios  i,  eastern  Cuba  i, 
unspecified  3). 

*Blacicus  caribaeus  bahamensis  (Bryant).  BAHAMA  WOOD  PEWEE. 

Empidonax  bahamensis  BRYANT,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  109,  1859 — 
Bahamas  =  Nassau,  New  Providence. 

•  Myiochanes  pertinax  minor  MILLER  and  GRISCOM:  Similar  in  coloration  to 
M.  p.  pertinax,  but  decidedly  smaller.  Wing  98-105,  (female)  93-97;  tail  77-84, 
(female)  74-80;  bill  15-16. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  205 

Blacicus  bahamensis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  242,  1888 — Nassau; 
RILEY  in  Shattuck,  The  Bahama  Islands,  p.  353,  1905 — Bahamas;  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  532,  1907 — Bahama  Islands;  TODD  and 
WORTHINGTON,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  7,  p.  425,  1911 — New  Providence,  An- 
dros,  and  Abaco  Islands;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  67, 
p.  203,  1925 — note  on  types  from  Nassau,  New  Providence  in  Mus.  Com- 
parative Zoology,  Cambridge. 

Contopus  bahamensis  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies,  p.  122,  1889 — Bahamas. 

Range:  Bahama  Islands  (New  Providence,  Andros,  Abaco,  Little 
Abaco,  Eleuthera,  and  Great  Bahama  Islands). 

25:  Bahamas  (Nassau,  New  Providence  n;  Abaco  i;  Andros  2; 
Eleuthera  5;  Great  Bahama  6). 

*Blacicus  caribaeus  hispaniolensis  (Bryant).    HAITIAN  WOOD  PEWEE. 
Tyrannula  cariboea  (var.  hispaniolensis')  BRYANT,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 
n,  p.  91,  1867 — Santo  Domingo. 

Contopus  frazari  CORY,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  94,  1883 — Santo  Domingo. 
Sayornis  dominicensis  CORY,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  95,  1883 — Santo  Domingo. 

Blacicus  hispaniolensis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  242,  1888 — Samana 
and  La  Vega,  San  Domingo;  CHERRIE,  Field  Columb.  Mus.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  17,  1896 — San  Domingo  (habits);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  535,  1907 — Island  of  Haiti  (monog.);  VERRILL  and  VERRILL, 
Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  61,  p.  361,  1909 — San  Domingo;  PETERS,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  61,  p.  415,  1917 — Monte  Cristi,  Caspar  Hernandez,  and 
Rio  San  Juan,  Santo  Domingo. 

Contopus  hispaniolensis  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies,  p.  123,  1889 — Haiti  and  San 
Domingo. 

Range:     Island  of  Haiti. 

33:  San  Domingo  (San  Domingo  City  i,  La  Vega  15,  Aguacate  5, 
Honduras  2,  Samana  2,  La  Laguneta  3,  Magua  (type  of  Sayornis 
dominicensis}  i,  Catare  i,  Maiman  2,  Puerto  Plata  (type  of  Contopus 
frazari)  i. 

*Blacicus  caribaeus  pallidus  (Gosse).  JAMAICAN  WOOD  PEWEE. 

Myiobius  pallidus  GOSSE,  Birds  Jamaica,  p.  166,  1847 — Jamaica;  idem,  Illustr. 
Birds  Jam.,  pi.  40,  1849. 

Rhynchocyclus  cervineiventris  SALVADOR!,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  p.  153. 
1864 — "Brazil";  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  175, 
footnote  (crit.). 

Blacicus  pallidus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  243,  1888 — Moneague  and 
near  Spanish  Town,  Jamaica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  536,  1907 — Jamaica  (monog.). 


206  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Contopus  pattidus  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies,  p.  121,  1889 — Jamaica. 

Range :    Island  of  Jamaica. 

5:    Jamaica  (Kingston  3,  St.  Anns  i,  Maryland,  St.  Andrew  i). 

*Blacicus  latirostris  latirostris  (  Verreaux).  SANTA  LUCIA  WOOD  PEWEE. 

Myiobius  latirostris  VERREAUX,  Nouv.  Arch.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.,  2,  Bull.,  p.  22, 
pi.  3,  fig.  2,  1866 — "Sainte  Lucie,  dans  la  Nouvelle  Grenade"  (sic). 

Blacicus  latirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  244,  1888 — Santa  Lucia; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  539,  1907 — Santa  Lucia 
(monog.). 

Contopus  latirostris  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies,  p.  122,  1889 — Santa  Lucia. 

Range :     Island  of  Santa  Lucia. 

6:     Santa  Lucia  6. 

*Blacicus   latirostris   brunneicapillus    Lawrence.     DOMINICAN   WOOD 
PEWEE. 

Blacicus  brunneicapillus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  New  York  Ac.  Sci.,  i,  "1879,"  p.  161, 
July  1878 — Dominica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  243,  1888 — 
Dominica  and  Guadeloupe;  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies,  p.  129,  1889 — Dominica; 
VERRILL,  Trans.  Conn.  Ac.  Sci.,  8,  p.  336,  1892 — Dominica  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  538,  1907 — Dominica, 
Guadeloupe,  and  Martinique  (monog.);  NOBLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
60,  p.  382,  1916 — Guadeloupe. 

Blacicus  martinicensis  CORY,  Auk,  4,  p.  96,  1887 — Martinique;  idem,  Birds  West 
Indies,  p.  294,  1889 — Martinique. 

Range :     Islands  of  Dominica,  Guadeloupe,  and  Martinique. 
1 2 :     Dominica  4 ;  Guadeloupe  4 ;  Martinique  4. 

*Blacicus  latirostris  blancoi  Cabanis.   PORTO  RICAN  WOOD  PEWEE. 

Blacicus  blancoi  CABANIS',  Journ.  Orn.,  23,  p.  224,  1875 — Porto  Rico;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  243,  1888 — Porto  Rico;  CORY,  Birds  West  Indies, 
p.  129,  1889 — Porto  Rico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  537, 
1907 — Porto  Rico  (monog.) ;  WETMORE,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Bull.,  326,  p.  83, 
1916 — Porto  Rico  (habits,  food). 

Range:     Island  of  Porto  Rico. 
2:    Porto  Rico  (Mayaquez  2). 

Genus  EMPIDONAX  Cabanis. 

Empidonax  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  3,  p.  480,  1855 — type  by  monotypy  Empidonax 
pusillus  CABANIS  (not  Tyrannula  pusilla  Sw  Alison)  =Platyrhynchos  virescens 
VIEILLOT. 

•  Blacicus  blancoi  GUNDLACH  (Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  311,  1874)  is  a  nomen  nudum. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  207 

*Empidonax  flaviventris  (Baird).   YELLOW-BELLIED  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannula  flaviventris  (W.  M.  and  S.  F.)  BAIRD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  i,  p. 

283,  1843 — Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 
Empidonax  hypoxanthus  BAIRD,  Rep.  Pacific  R.  R.  Surv.,  9,  p.  198,  1858 — new 

name  for  Tyrannula  flaviventris  BAIRD. 
Muscicapa  flaviventris  ATJDUBON,  Birds  Amer.,  oct.  ed.,  7,  p.  341,  pi.  490,  1844. 

Empidonax  flaviventris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  230,  1888 — North 
America  to  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  549, 
1907 — eastern  North  America  south  to  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography); 
TOWNSEND  and  ALLEN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  379,  1907 — 
southwestern  Labrador;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca  and  Pozo 
del  Rio  Grande,  Costa  Rica;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  i,  p.  104,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Mazatenango,  and  Patulul,  Guatemala; 
FERRY,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  p.  700,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Tamau- 
lipas,  Mexico;,  NOBLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  553,  1919 — New- 
foundland. 

Range :  Canadian  Zone  from  northern  Alberta,  Manitoba,  Quebec, 
and  Newfoundland  south  to  North  Dakota,  northern  Minnesota,  Michi- 
gan, New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  Hampshire ;  in  migration  west 
to  the  eastern  border  of  the  Great  Plains,  eastern  Texas,  and  eastern 
Mexico ;  winters  from  southern  Mexico  and  Guatemala  to  Panama. 

51:  Ontario  (Parry  Sound  i);  Wisconsin  (Beaver  Dam  3);  Maine 
(Upton  i) ;  New  Jersey  (Englewood  3) ;  Illinois  (Chicago  7,  Lake  Forest 
7,  Lyons  2,  Fox  Lake  i,  Henry  i,  Mount  Carmel  i,  Palos  2,  Beach  4, 
Joliet  i);  Florida  (Key  West  i);  Guatemala  (Patulul,  Solola  8,  Los 
Amates,  Izabel  2,  Mazatenango  i);  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Guayabo  4). 

*Empidonax  virescens  (  Vieillot}.   GREEN-CRESTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Platyrhynchos  virescens  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  eel.,  27,  p.  22, 
1818 — based  on  Muscicapa  querula  WILSON  (not  of  VIEILLOT  1807),  Amer. 
Orn.,  2,  p.  77,  pi.  13,  1810,  near  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

Empidonax  griseigularis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  471,  1862 — 
Panama. 

Empidonax  acadicus  (not  Muscicapa  acadica  GMELIN  1789)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  228,  1888 — eastern  North  America  south  to  western 
Ecuador. 

Empidonax  virescens  BREWSTER,  Auk,  12,  p.  157,  1895  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  552,  1907 — eastern  United  States  south  to 
Ecuador  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  699,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1136 — Pueblo 
Rico  and  Sipi,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  473, 
1917 — Juntas  de  Tamana,  Los  Cisneros,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Rio  Frio, 
and  Puerto  Valdivia,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
J4»  P-  350,  1922 — Onaca,  Santa  Marta  region. 


ao8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Eastern  North  America,  breeding  from  upper  limit  of 
Carolinian  Zone  in  northeastern  Nebraska,  central  Iowa,  Michigan, 
northern  Ontario,  New  York,  Connecticut,  and  Massachusetts  south  to 
Texas,  the  Gulf  States,  and  northern  Florida;  migrating  through  eastern 
Mexico  and  Central  America  (accidental  in  the  Bahamas  and  Cuba) 
and  wintering  in  Colombia  and  western  Ecuador. 

30:  New  Jersey  (Englewood  3);  Illinois  (Chicago  i,  Lake  Forest  2, 
Grand  Chain  3,  Olive  Branch  4,  Joliet  6) ;  Indiana  (Illinois,  Kankakee 
River  i);  Iowa  (Hillsboro  i);  Maryland  (Knox  County  2);  North 
Carolina  (Raleigh  3);  Georgia  (Camden  County  i);  Florida  (Gaines- 
ville i,  Key  West  i);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i). 

*Empidonax  traillii  traillii  (Audubon).   TRAILL'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  traillii  AUDUBON,  Birds  America,  folio  ed.,  I,  pi.  45,  1828;  idem,  Orn. 
Biog.,  i,  p.  236,  1831 — woods  along  the  prairie  lands  of  the  Arkansas  River, 
Arkansas  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum). 

Empidonax  'trailli  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  226,  1888 — eastern 
North  America. 

Empidonax  traillii  alnorum  BREWSTER,  Auk,  12,  p.  161,  1895 — Upton,  Maine; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  558,  1907 — northeastern 
North  America  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  TOWNSEND  and  ALLEN,  Proc. 
Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  379,  1907 — southwestern  Labrador;  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  699,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  473,  1916 — Dabeiba,  Turbaco,  Calamar,  Puerto 
Berrio,  and  Honda,  Colombia;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  98,  1921 — 
Cuzco,  Peru;  SAUNDERS,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  14,  p.  88, 1921 — eastern  Montana. 

(?)  Empidonax  ridgwayi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  50 — Bogota;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  227,  1888 — Bogota. 

Empidonax  traillii  traillii  OBERHOLSER,  Ohio  Journ.  Sci.,  18,  p.  85,  1918  (range, 
char.,  crit.). 

Range:  Northeastern  America,  breeding  from  New  Jersey,  New 
England  States,  New  York,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  extreme  eastern 
Montana  north  to  Newfoundland,  Quebec,  northern  Mackenzie,  Alaska, 
and  British  Columbia,  south  to  Arkansas,  Kentucky,  and  Maryland;  mi- 
grating southward  through  Mexico  and  Central  America  to  Colombia, 
Ecuador,  Peru,  and  northern  Argentina  (Embercaci6n,  Salta). 

26:  Maine  (Upton  2);  Connecticut  (East  Hartford  2);  New  York 
(Peterboro  i);  Ohio  (Columbus  i);  Illinois  (Chicago  3,  Mound  City  2, 
Beach  i);  Wisconsin  (Beaver  Dam  8);  Florida  (Key  West  2);  Mexico 
(Colima  i);  Costa  Rica  (Limon  i.  Tuan  Vinas  i);  Peru  (Vista  Alegre, 
Dept.  Huanuco  i). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  209 

*Empidonax  traillii  brewsteri  Oberholser.    WESTERN  TRAILL'S  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

(?)  Empidonax  bolivianus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  86,  1889 — 

Yungas,  Bolivia*. 
Empidonax  traillii  brewsteri  OBERHOLSER,  Ohio  Journ.  Sci.,  18,  p.  93,  1918 — 

Cloverdale,  Nye  County,  Nevada  (crit.,  range);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 

Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  350,  1922 — Bonda,  Buritaca,  Mamatoco,  Tucurinca, 

and  Fundaci<5n,  Colombia. 
Empidonax  pusilius  (not  Tyrannula  pusilla  SwAiNSONb)  SCLATER  Cat.  B.  Brit., 

Mus.,  14,  p.  225,  1888 — western  North  America. 
Empidonax  traillii  traillii  (not  Muscicapa  traillii  AUDUBON)  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 

U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  555,  1907 — western  North  America  (monog., 

full  bibliography);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  699,  1910 — Costa 

Rica;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Matamoros  and  Guiaves,  Tamaulipas; 

SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  42,  1914 — Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n, 

p.  92,  1915 — California;  SAUNDERS,  I.e.,  14,  p.  88,  1921 — western  Montana; 

TOWNSEND,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  48,  p.  17,  1923 — San  Bernardo 

Mountains,  Lower  California. 
Empidonax  traillii  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  104, 

1907 — Los  Amates,  Mazatenango,  and  San  Jos6,  Guatemala. 

Range:  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  southern  British 
Columbia,  western  Montana,  and  Idaho  south  to  the  northern  edge  of 
Lower  California,  Sonora,  Durango,  and  New  Mexico,  east  to  Colorado, 
Oklahoma,  and  Texas,  wintering  in  southern  Central  America, 
Colombia,  Venezuela,  Peru,  and  Bolivia. 

27:  Utah  (Provo  River,  Utah  Lake  i);  Colorado  (near  Denver  i, 
Fort  Lyon  6);  Arizona  (Calabasas  2);  Texas  (Fort  Worth  2);  Mexico 
(Matamoros,  Tamaulipas  i);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  5,  San 
Jose",  Esquintla  i,  Mazatenango  i) ;  Costa  Rica  (San  Jose*  i) ;  Venezuela 
(Encontrados,  Zulia  5);  Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of 
San  Jose*  de  Cucuta,  Santander  i). 

^Empidonax  minimus  (Baird).  LEAST  FLYCATCHER. 

(?)  Muscicapa  acadica  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  947,  1789 — based  on  Lesser 
Crested  Flycatcher  PENNANT,  Arctic  Zool.,  2,  p.  386,  Nova  Scotia. 

Tyrannula  minima  (W.  M.  and  S.  F.)  BAIRD,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  I,  p.  284, 

1843 — Carlisle,  Pennsylvania. 
Empidonax  minimus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  227,  1888 — eastern  North 

America,  southwards  in  winter  to  Peru;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 

•  Mr.  L.  Griscom  (in  litt.)  expresses  his  belief  that  the  type  is  "nothing  but  a 
young  Traill's  Flycatcher  (the  western  race)  in  its  first  winter  plumage,  though  it  is  a 
trifle  smaller  than  any  specimen  from  North  America  in  the  collection,"  and  I  am 
afraid  the  name  brewsteri  will  have  to  give  way  to  E.  traillii  bolivianus  ALLEN. 

b  Tyrannula  pusilla  SWAINSON  (Philos.  Magaz.,  n.  s.,  i,  p.  366,  1827 — maritime 
parts  of  Mexico)  is  undeterminable. 


aio  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  72,  1889 — eastern  North  America  south  to  Panama; 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  561,  1907 — eastern  North 
America,  in  winter  south  to  Peru  and  Grand  Cayman  Island  (monog.,  full 
bibliography);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  104, 
1907 — Los  Amates,  El  Rancho,  Lake  Amatitlan,  Patulul,  San  Jose1,  Maza- 
tenango,  and  Lake  Atitlan,  Guatemala;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — 
Matamoros,  Rio  Martinez,  Rio  Cruz,  Caballeros,  Alta  Mira,  and  Santa 
Leonor,  Tamaulipas,  Mexico;  PETERS,  I.e.,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Santa  Lucia, 
Xcopen,  and  Camp  Mengel,  Terr.  Quintana  Roo,  Mexico;  SAUNDERS,  Pacif. 
Coast  Avif.,  14,  p.  88,  1921 — eastern  Montana. 
Empidonax  pectoralis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  402,  1866 — 

Lion  Hill,  Panama. 
Empidonax  gracilis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc  Wash.,  3,  p.  23,  1885 — Cozumel 

Island,  Yucatan. 

Range :  Breeding  from  Mackenzie,  southern  Keewatin,  Quebec,  and 
Cape  Breton  Island  south  to  eastern  Montana,  eastern  Wyoming,  cen- 
tral Nebraska,  Iowa,  Indiana,  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  in  the 
Alleghenies  to  North  Carolina,  in  migration  west  to  Colorado  and 
Texas;  wintering  from  Mexico  south  to  Panama  and  Peru  (Marafion 
Valley),  accidental  in  Grand  Cayman  Island,  West  Indies. 

75:  Maine  (Upton  i);  Massachusetts  (Dedham  i);  Connecticut 
(East  Hartford  10);  New  Jersey  (Englewood  i);  Wisconsin  (Milton  i, 
Woodruff,  Vilas  County  4,  Beaver  Dam  n);  Illinois  (Joliet  4,  Lake 
George  i,  Chicago  7,  Fox  Lake  3,  Lake  Forest  7,  Beach  4);  Colorado 
(Fort  Lyon  2);  Mexico  (Iguala,  Guerrero  i;  Merida,  Yucatan  i); 
Guatemala  (Lake  Amatitlan  2,  Mazatenango  i,  Laguna  i,  Lake  Atitlan 
i,  El  Rancho,  Zacapa  6,  San  Jose,  Esquintla  i,  Los  Amates,  Izabel  2, 
Patulul,  Solola  2). 

*Empidonax  hammondii  (Xantus).   HAMMOND'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Tyrannula  hammondii  XANTUS,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  10,  p.  117,  1858 — 

Fort  Tejon,  southern  California. 

Empidonax  hammondii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Pacific  R.  R.  Surv.,  9,  (ed.  1860),  p.  199,  pi. 
76,  fig.  i;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  232,  1888 — western  North 
America;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  76,  1889 — 
western  North  America,  Mexico,  and  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  565,  1907 — western  North  America,  in  migration 
southwards  to  Guatemala;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  i,  p.  105,  1907 — Tecpam,  Guatemala;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — 
Galindo,  Tamaulipas;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  42,  1914 — Arizona; 
GRINNELL,!.C.,  n,p.92, 1915 — California;  SAUNDERS,  I.e.,  14, p.  89, 1921 — west- 
ern Montana;  SWARTH,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  226, 1922 — Stikine  River. 
Range:  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  southeastern 

Alaska,   southern  Yukon,   and  central  Alberta  south  to   Colorado; 

migrating  through  California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  and  wintering 

in  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  an 

8:  Colorado  (El  Paso  County  i);  New  Mexico  (Members  2); 
Arizona  (Santa  Rita  Mountains  i);  California  (Riverside  i,  Lodi  i, 
Pasadena  i);  Guatemala  (near  Tecpam  i). 

*Empidonax  wrightii  Baird.   WRIGHT'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  obscurus  (not  Tyrannula  obscura  SWAINSON*)  BAIRD,  Rep.  Pacific 
R.  R.  Surv.,  9,  p.  200,  1858 — El  Paso,  Texas;  idem,  Rep.  U.  S.  and  Mex. 
Bound.  Surv.,  2,  Part  2,  p.  9,  pi.  n,  fig.  3,  1859 — El  Paso;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  232,  1888 — part;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  77,  1889 — North  America  and  Mexico. 

Empidonax  wrightii  BAIRD,  Rep.  Pacific  R.  R.  Surv.,  9,  p.  200,  in  text,  1858 — 
El  Paso,  Texas;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  567,  1907 — 
western  United  States,  in  winter  south  to  Mexico  (monog.,  full  bibliography); 
PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  79,  1911 — Galindo,  Tamaulipas,  Mexico;  GRINNELL 
and  SWARTH,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  10,  p.  256,  1913 — San  Jacinto  region, 
California  (crit.);  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  43,  1914 — Arizona; 
GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  93,  1915 — California  (range);  SAUNDERS,  I.e.,  14,  p.  90, 
1921 — Montana. 

Empidonax  griseus  (not  of  BREWSTER)  GRINNELL,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  5, 
p.  78,  1908 — San  Bernardino  Mts.,  California  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Range:  Western  United  States,  breeding  from  southern  British 
Columbia  and  southwestern  Saskatchewan  south  to  southern  California 
(San  Gabriel,  San  Bernardino,  San  Jacinto,  and  Santa  Rosa  Moun- 
tains), (?)  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  western  Texas,  and  east  to 
eastern  base  of  Rocky  Mountains,  wintering  from  northern  to  southern 
Mexico. 

3:  Oregon  (Beaverton  i);  Montana  (Bozeman  i);  Colorado  (Hot 
Sulphur  Springs  i). 

^Empidonax  griseus  Brewsterb.   GRAY  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  griseus  BREWSTER,  Descr.  Supp.  New  Birds  from  W.  N.  Amer.  and 
Mexico,  p.  87,  Jan.  31,  1889 — La  Paz,  Lower  California;  idem,  Auk,  6,  p.  87, 
April  1889 — La  Paz;  idem,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  41,  p.  122,  1902 — Cape 
San  Lucas  district,  Santa  Margarita  Island,  Comondu,  southern  Arizona,  and 
Mexico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  571,  1907 — part, 
except  breeding  records  from  southern  California;  GRINNELL  and  SWARTH, 
Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  10,  p.  259,  1913 — Cabezon,  northern  base  of  San 
Jacinto  Mountains,  southern  California;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10, 
p.  43,  1913 — Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  93,  1914 — California  (on  migra- 
tion, crit.). 

11  Tyrannula  obscura  SWAINSON  (Philos.  Magaz.,  n.  s.,  i,  p.  367,  1827 — Mexico) 
appears  to  be  undeterminable  (see  Brewster,  Auk,  6,  p.  88-89,  1889). 

b  This  and  the  three  following  species  are  possibly  geographic  races  of  E.  wrightii, 
but  it  would  be  hazardous  to  employ  trinominal  nomenclature  until  we  know 
more  about  their  breeding  ranges. 


212  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Empidonax  canescens  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  79, 
Feb.  1889 — Mexicalcingo,  near  City  of  Mexrco;  NELSON,  Auk,  21,  p.  80, 
1904  (crit.,  range). 

Range:  Southern  California,  southern  Arizona  and  New  Mexico, 
south  to  southern  end  of  the  Mexican  tableland'. 

6:    New  Mexico  (Members  3,  Tucker  River  i) ;  Guerrero  (Iguala  2). 

*Empidonax  pulverius  Brewster.   SIERRA  MADRE  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  pulverius  BREWSTER,  Descr.  Supp.  New  Birds  from  W.  N.  Amer.  and 
Mexico,  p.  86,  Jan.  31,  1889 — Pinos  Altos,  Chihuahua,  Mexico;  idem,  Auk, 
6,  p.  86,  1889 — Pinos  Altos;  NELSON,  Auk,  18,  p.  48,  1901 — part,  pine  forests 
of  the  Sierra  Madre  of  western  Mexico  from  Chihuahua  to  Jalisco  and 
Zacatecas  (excl.  Tamaulipas);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  572»  I9°7 — northwestern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Empidonax  affinis  (not  Tyrannula  affinis  SWAINSON)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  78,  1889 — part,  Sonora,  Durango,  and  Zacatecas. 

Range :  Pine  forests  of  northwestern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Chihuahua, 
Sonora,  Durango,  Zacatecas,  and  Jalisco. 

2:    Chihuahua  (thirty  miles  west  of  Mifiaca  2) 

Empidonax  fulvipectus  Lawrence.   FULVOUS-BREASTED  FLYCATCHER. 

(?)  Tyrannula  affinis  SWAINSON,  Philos.  Mag.,  (n.  s.),  i,  p.  367,  1827 — "maritime 
parts  of  Mexico." 

Empidonax  fulvipectus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  Nat.  Hist.,  10,  p.  n, 
Feb.  1871 — City  of  Mexico;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  310  (crit.);  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  573,  1907 — southern  Mexico  (monog., 
full  bibliography). 

Empidonax  affinis  SALVIN,  Cat.  Strickland  Coll.,  p.  314,  1882 — Cinco  Senores, 
Oaxaca  (crit.) ;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  78,  1889 — 
part,  states  of  Guerrero,  Mexico,  and  Oaxaca;  NELSON,  Auk,  18,  p.  48,  1901 — 
pine  forests  on  southern  border  of  the  Mexican  tableland  from  the  valley  of 
Mexico  to  Orizaba  and  Sierra  Madre  of  Guerrero. 

Empidonax  obscurus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  232, 
1888 — part,  La  Parada,  Mexico. 

Range:  Pine  forests  of  southern  Mexico,  in  states  of  Tamaulipas, 
Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  Morelos,  Guerrero,  and  Oaxaca. 

*Empidonax  trepidus  Nelson.  CHANCOL  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  trepidus  NELSON,  Auk,  18,  p.  47,  1901 — Hacienda  Chancol,  Guate- 
mala; RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  575,  1907 — northeastern 

a  It  is  impossible  to  indicate,  with  any  degree  of  certainty,  its  breeding  area  sup- 
posed to  comprise  a  large  portion  of  the  Mexican  tableland.  According  to  J.  Grin- 
nell's  latest  view,  the  birds  breeding  in  the  mountains  of  southern  California,  for- 
merly identified  as  E.  griseus,  are  more  properly  referable  to  E.  wrightii. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  213 

Mexico  and  Guatemala;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  p.  105,  1907 — Tecpam,  Guatemala. 

Range:    Pine  forests  of  northeastern  Mexico  (in  State  of  Coahuila, 
possibly  across  to  Jalisco),  migrating  south  to  Chiapas  and  Guatemala, 
i :    Guatemala  (Sierra  Santa  Elena,  alt.  9500  ft.,  i). 

*Empidonax  difficilis  difficilis  Baird.  WESTERN  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  difficilis  BAIRD,  Rep.  Pacific  R.  R.  Surv.,  9,  p.  198,  1858 — Fort 
Tejon,  California;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  229,  1888 — western 
North  America  and  "western  Ecuador." 

Empidonax  insulicola  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  14,  p.  300,  1897 — Santa  Barbara 
Islands,  California. 

Empidonax  bairdi  perplexus  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  263,  1900 — Puerto  Angel, 
Oaxaca. 

Empidonax  difficilis  difficilis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  so,  Part  4,  p.  576, 
1907 — western  North  America  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  PHILLIPS,  Auk, 
28,  p.  79,  1911 — Galindo,  Tamaulipas;  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  42, 
1914 — Arizona;  GRINNELL,  I.e.,  n,  p.  91,  1915 — California;  HOWELL,  I.e., 
12,  p.  65,  1917 — southern  California  Islands  (crit.);  SAUNDERS,  I.e.,  14,  p.  87, 
1921 — Montana;  TOWNSEND,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  48,  p.  17,  1923 — 
Tiburon  Isl.,  Lower  California. 

Range:  Western  North  America,  breeding  from  eastern  base  of 
Rocky  Mountains  and  western  Manitoba  to  Pacific  coast,  north  to  the 
Alaskan  coast,  south  to  southern  California,  New  Mexico,  and  western 
Texas;  wintering  in  Mexico  south  to  Cape  San  Lucas,  Tres  Marias 
Islands,  and  Oaxaca. 

17:  Arizona  (Calabasas  5,  Santa  Rita  Mts.  i,  Camp  Lowell  i, 
Huachuca  Mts.  3);  California  (Los  Gatos  i,  Haywards  i,  San  Ber- 
nardino Mts.  i,  Pinte  Mts.,  Kern  County  2,  Pescadero  i,  unspecified  i). 

*Empidonax  difficilis  cineritius  Brewster.   SAN  LUCAS  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  cineritius  BREWSTER,  Auk,  5,  p.  90,  1888 — La  Laguna,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia; idem,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  41,  p.  121,  1902 — Cape  district,  Lower 
California  (habits,  crit.). 

Empidonax  difficilis  cineritius  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  580, 
1907 — part,  Lower  California  (monog.,  full  bibliography) ;  TOWNSEND,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  48,  p.  17,  1923 — San  Josef  Island  and  Agua  Verde 
Bay,  Lower  California. 

Range :    Lower  California". 

4:  Lower  California  (Sierra  Laguna  2,  San  Pedro  Martir  Moun- 
tains 2). 

•According  to  Grinnell  (Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  n,  p.  92),  birds  from  San  Diego 
County,  California  (Cuymaca  Mountains),  sometimes  referred  here,  are  not  separable 
from  E.  d.  difficilis. 


214  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Empidonax  difficilis  bairdi  Sclater.   BAIRD'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  bairdi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26  p.  301,  Nov.  1858 — Oaxaca, 
Mexico;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  230,  1888 — Cordoba,  Mexico; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  74,  1889 — part. 

Empidonax  difficilis  bairdi  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  581, 
1907 — central  and  southern  Mexico  (monog.). 

Empidonax  bairdi  occidentalis  NELSON,  Auk,  14,  p.  53,  1897 — Pluma,  Oaxaca, 
Mexico. 

Range:  Highlands  of  central  and  southern  Mexico  (in  states  of 
Durango,  Morelos,  Vera  Cruz,  Michoacan,  Guerrero,  and  Oaxaca). 

^Empidonax  difficilis  salvini  Ridgway*.   SALVIN'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  salvini  RIDGWAY,  Ibis,  (5)  4,  p.  459,  1886 — Calderas,  Volcan  de 
Fuego,  Guatemala;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  231,  1888 — Volcan 
de  Agua,  Calderas,  Volcan  de  Fuego,  Choctum,  Coban,  Vera  Paz  (Guatemala) 
and  Honduras;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  75,  1889 
— Guatemala  and  Honduras;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  582,  1907 — Guatemala,  Chiapas,  and  Honduras;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  105,  1907 — near  Tecpam,  Guatemala. 

Range:  Highlands  of  southeastern  Mexico,  in  State  of  Chiapas 
(Tumbala);  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del 
Norte)«>. 

4 :    Guatemala  (near  Tecpam  i) ;  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  3) . 

*Empidonax  difficilis  flavescens  Lawrence.    YELLOWISH  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  flavescens  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  133, 1867 — 
Barranca,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  115,  1868 — Barranca,  Grecia,  and 
Quebrada  Honda,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  231,  1888 — 
Irazu  and  Dota  (Costa  Rica),  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  and  Calovevora,  Veragua; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  75,  1889 — Costa  Rica 
and  western  Panama;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  39,  1902 — • 
Boquete,  Chiriqui;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  583, 
1907 — Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  p.  698,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.);  FERRY, 
Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268,  1910 — Coliblanco,  Costa 
Rica. 

Empidonax  viridescens  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  6,  p.  413,  1884 — Cer- 
vantes, Costa  Rica. 

s  Empidonax  salvini  and  E.  flavescens  are  clearly  conspecific  with  E.  difficilis. 

b  An  adult  male  from  San  Pedro  Mts.,  Honduras,  March  1892,  H.  Wittkugel,  in 
the  Berlepsch  Collection,  agrees  well  with  others  from  Guatemala.  The  Nicaraguan 
skins,  by  a  faint  buffy  tinge  on  the  chest,  slightly  diverge  in  the  direction  of  E.  d. 
flavescens,  of  Costa  Rica. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  215 

Range:  Highlands  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui; 
Veraguas). 

20:    Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  19,  Juan  Viiias  i). 

*Empidonax  lawrencei  lawrencei  Allen11.  LAWRENCE'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Octhoeca  flaviventris  (not  Tyrannula  flaviventris  BAIRD)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  New 
York  Ac.  Sci.,  4,  p.  67,  1887 — South  America,  we  suggest  Trinidad. 

Empidonax  lawrencei  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  150,  1889 — new 
name  for  Octhoeca  flaviventris  LAWRENCE,  preoccupied;  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  6, 
p.  42,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  25,  1906 — 
Caparo,  Trinidad  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  49,  1907 — Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes; 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  357,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  300,  1910 — 
Calama,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  109,  1912 — Fazenda  Nazareth,  Isl.  Mexiana;  idem  and  SEILERN, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  85,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo;  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  363,  1908 — Aripo,  Trinidad;  idem,  l.c., 
2,  p.  243,  1916 — Suapure,  Caura  River;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  389,  1914 — Rio  Curua  (Malocca  de  Manuelsinho). 

M yiobius  flaviventris  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  229,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  (not  Muscipeta  fuscata  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  115,  1868 — part,  spec,  from  Borba,  Feb.  7,  1830  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  21 — part,  Yurimaguas, 
Peru  (spec,  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined). 

Empidochanes  olivus  (not  Muscicapa  oliva  BoDDAERTb)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628 — Venezuela  =  Carip^,  Bermudez;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  313,  1884 — part,  descr.  "adult,"  Yurimaguas. 

Empidonax  oliva  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1887,  p.  65 — Guiana,  Venezuela,  and  Upper 
Amazonia;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  224,  1888 — Guiana,  Venezuela, 
Iquitos  (Peru),  and  Trinidad. 

Empidonax  pileatus  (not  Muscicapa  pileata  MULLER)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  50,  1902 — Suapure,  Caura  River  (spec,  examined);  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  434,  1905 — Rio  Jurud  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  292,  1907 — Rio  Jurua. 

Empidochanes  zuliensis  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  289, 
1913 — Orope,  Zulia,  Venezuela. 

Empidonax  lawrencei  newora/w  PENARD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  36,  p.  63,  1923 — 
Lelydorp,  forest  near  Schotelweg,  Surinam. 

"  Empidonax  I.  lawrencei  ALLEN,  while  agreeing  with  E.  euleri  in  structure, 
may  easily  be  distinguished  by  its  olivaceous  (instead  of  Dresden  brown)  upper  parts, 
with  dusky  (not  rufescent)  crown  and  much  paler  (less  tawny)  wing-bands  and  edges 
to  remiges,  more  olivaceous  chest,  and  much  deeper  yellow  belly. 

bThe  "Gobe-mouche  olive,  de  Cayenne"  of  Daubenton  (PI.  enl.  534,  fig.  2), 
upon  which  Muscicapa  oliva  BODDAERT  (Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  34,  1783)  as  well  as  Mus- 
cicapa pileata  P.  L.  S.  MULLER  (Natursyst.,  Suppl.,  p.  172,  1776)  and  Mtiscicapa 
agilis  GMELIN  (Syst.  Nat.,  I  (2),  p.  948,  1789)  are  based,  appears  to  me  unidentifiable. 


216  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Island  of  Trinidad;  Venezuela  (north  coast  from  Bermudez 
to  Zulia;  Caura  Valley);  Dutch  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (Mexiana;  Rio 
Curua;  Rio  Madeira;  Rio  Jurua;  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes);  northern  Peru 
(Iquitos,  Yurimaguas) a. 

2:    Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  2). 

Empidonax  lawrencei  johnstonei  Barbourb.  GRENADA  FLYCATCHER. 

Blacicus  flaviventris  (not  Tyranmda  flaviventris  BAIRD)  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  9,  p.  617,  1887 — St.  Andrews,  Grenada;  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston 

Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  279,  1905 — Grenada;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 

50,  Part  4,  p.  540,  1907 — Grenada. 
Empidonax  johnstonei  BARBOUR,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  24,  p.  58,  1911 — Grand 

Etang,  Grenada. 

Range :    Island  of  Grenada. 

^Empidonax  euleri  euleri  (Cabanis).   EULER'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidochanes  euleri  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  16,  p.  195,  1868 — Cantagallo,  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined;  =  juv.);  idem,  I.e.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — 
Cantagallo;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  332 — 
Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes. 

Empidonax  brunneus  RIDGWAY  in  Baird,  Brewer,  and  Ridgway,  Hist.  N.  Amer. 
Birds,  2,  p.  363,  1874 — Parana,  Paraguay  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  ex- 
amined"); idem,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  463 — part,  Paraguay. 

Empidonax  brunnescens  (lapsu)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3°9  (ex  RIDGWAY). 

a  There  is  so  much  individual  variation  in  shade  of  upper  parts  as  well  as  in  width 
and  color  (ranging  from  pale  tawny  olive  to  dingy  pinkish  buff)  of  wing-bands  within 
the  same  locality,  that  I  do  not  see  how  any  local  races  of  this  wide-spread  bird  can 
be  discriminated.  Although  I  have  not  seen  the  type  of  E.  I.  nemoralis,  I  have  little 
doubt  of  its  identity  with  E.  lawrencei,  since  recent  comparison  of  thirty  specimens 
from  Trinidad  and  Venezuela  with  five  from  Amazonia  failed  to  disclose  any  constant 
difference.  The  type  of  Empidochanes  zuliensis,  when  compared  with  six  from  Trini- 
dad, differs  by  its  slightly  paler  yellowish  abdomen ;  but  a  second  specimen  from 
Orope  is  fully  as  deeply  colored  underneath  as  those  from  Trinidad  while  above  it  is 
darker,  more  brownish  than  the  majority  from  other  localities. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Caparo  n,  Princestown  6,  Aripo  2.  Venezuela, 
Bermudez:  La  Tigrera  4,  Los  Palmales  3,  Campos  Alegre  i,  Quebrada  Secca  2, 
Caripe  i;  Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo  i;  Suapure,  Caura  i;  Orope,  Zulia  2.  Brazil: 
Mexiana  i,  Borba  i,  Calama  i,  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira  i;  Teffe,  Rio  Solimoes  2; 
Rio  Jurud  i.  Peru:  Yurimaguas  i. 

b  Empidonax  lawrencei  johnstonei  BARBOUR:  Similar  to  E.  I.  lawrencei,  but  with 
narrower  bill;  upper  parts  very  dark  greenish  olive,  the  cap  and  cheeks  dusky; 
throat  more  purely  white.  Wing  (one  male)  60;  tail  54;  bill  13. 

Judging  from  Penard's  remarks,  this  form  (which  we  have  not  seen)  appears  to  be 
but  a  slightly  differentiated  race  of  E.  lawrencei.  Some  of  the  characters  given  in  the 
original  description,  such  as  the  smaller  size,  dusky  cap,  narrower  and  darker  (tawny 
ochraceous  instead  of  ochraceous  buff)  wing-bands,  etc.  are  of  no  consequence  in 
the  light  of  the  variation  exhibited  by  a  large  series  of  the  typical  race. 

0  Although  the  type  (an  adult  female)  is  in  very  poor  condition,  its  upper  parts 
having  turned  "foxy"  through  age,  the  still  discernible  yellowish  hue  of  the  abdomen, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  217 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  (not  Muscipeta  fuscata  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  115,  1868 — part,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sapitiba,  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba 
(Parana),  Borba  (Rio  Madeira),  and  Rio  Icanna  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  ex- 
amined); idem,  Nunq.otios.,  2,  p.  292, 1874 — NovoFriburgo,Rio;  ScLATERand 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  978 — Pebas  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  281 — Xeberos, 
Chyavetas,  Pebas;  (?)  TACZANOWSKI,!.C.,  1874, p.  S38 — Monterico,  Peru;  idem, 
I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — part,  Huambo  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  136, 1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined) ; 
IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  127,  1899 — Mundo  Novo; 
idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  156,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio. 

Empidonax  bimaculatus  (not  Muscipeta  bimaculata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1887,  p.  65  (crit.)a;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  224,  1888 — 
Bahia,  Rio,  Curytiba,  Sao  Paulo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Pebas;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  341,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  203,  1899 — Iguape1,  Sao  Paulo;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  591 — Sapucay  and  Ybitimi,  Paraguay. 

Empidochanes  olivus  (not  Muscicapa  oliva  BODDAERT)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per., 
2»P- 3i3»  1884 — part,  descr.  "juv.,"  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Pebas,  (?)  Monterico, 
Huambo,  Peru. 

Empidonax  euleri  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  21,  22,  1905 
(crit.,  range);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  292,  1907 — Avanhandava, 
Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema,  Mattao,  Ilha  do  Sao  Sebastiao,  Bebe- 
douro,  Iguape",  and  Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  528, 
1908 — Alcobasa,  Rio  Tocantins;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  591 — Sapucay,  Para- 
guay; SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  389,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins;  WET- 
MORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  335,  1926 — part,  San  Vicente,  Lazcano, 
and  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay  (spec,  examined). 

Empidonax  euleri  euleri  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  300,  1910 — Calama  and 
Santa  Isabel,  Rio  Preto,  Rio  Madeira  (crit.);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57, 
1913 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Negro  (Rio  Iganna)  and  lower  Ama- 
zon (Rio  Tocantins  and  Rio  Madeira)  south  to  Matto  Grosso  and  Rio 
Grande  do  Sid;  Uruguay;  Paraguay,  east  of  the  Parana;  northeastern 
Argentina  (Misiones) ;  northern  Peru  (Pebas,  Huambo,  Yurimaguas)b. 

together  with  the  decidedly  rufescent  pileum,  speak  for  its  being  referable  to  euleri 
rather  than  argentinus.  Its  measurements  (wing  59;  tail  56)  agree  with  those  of 
females  from  Brazil. 

a  Sclater  erred  in  identifying  the  type  specimen  of  Muscipeta  bimaculata  LAFRES- 
NAYE and  D'ORBIGNY  with  the  brown-backed  Empidonax  of  southeastern  Brazil. 
It  is  without  question  referable  to  the  pale  western  race  of  Cnemotriccus  fuscatus 
(see  Berlepsch  and  Hellmayr,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  P-  21,  footnote,  1905). 

b  Birds  from  Sapucay,  Paraguay,  recorded  by  the  late  C.  Chubb  under  two 
different  names  (E.  bimaculatus  and  E.  euleri)  appear  to  me  indistinguishable  from 
South  Brazilian  skins  (Bahia  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul).  Amazonian  specimens  I  am 
not  able  to  satisfactorily  separate  either,  though  they  are  possibly  more  richly  colored 
throughout. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Bahia  2;  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  i;  Cantagallo  i, 
Rio  de  Janeiro  2 ;  Sao  Paulo,  Ypanema  4,  Ypiranga  i ,  Sao  Jeronymo,  Avanhandava, 


218  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

7:  Argentina  (Eldorado,  Misiones  3);  Uruguay  (Quebrada  de  los 
Cuervos  2) ;  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes 
i);  Peru  (Yurimaguas  i). 

*Empidonax  euleri  argentinus  (Cabanis)*.     ARGENTINE  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidochanes  argentinus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  16,  p.  196,  1868 — Buenos  Aires 
(type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Empidonax  bimaculatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  187,  1902 — San  Pablo,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc. 
soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — San  Pablo. 

Empidonax  argentinus  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  23,  1905 — 
Buenos  Aires  (crit.  note  on  type);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  344,  1910 — Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  649,  1925 — littoral  and  delta  of  La  Plata  River. 

Empidonax  euleri  euleri  (not  of  CABANIS)  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  202,  1909 — Pacheco,  Buenos  Aires  and  Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman  (spec, 
examined). 

Empidonax  euleri  argentinus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  301,  1910  (crit., 
characters);  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  72,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Empidonax  euleri  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  42,  1909 — Tucuman  and  Jujuy 
(spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  344,  1910 — 
San  Pablo,  Tucuman;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  335,  1926 — 
part,  twenty-five  kilometres  west  of  Puerto  Pinasco,  Paraguayan  Chaco 
(crit.;  spec,  examined). 

Range :  Western  Paraguay  (Chaco  Paraguayo)  and  Argentina  west 
of  the  Parana,  from  Buenos  Aires  and  Santa  Fe*  to  La  Rioja,  Tucuman, 
and  Jujuy,  north  to  central  Peru  (Dept.  Huanuco). 

2:  Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucumdn  i);  Peru  (Vista  Alegre,  Dept. 
Huanuco  i). 

Tiete"  i,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  4;  near  Lagoa  Santa, 
Minas  Geraes  i;  Parana,  Curytiba  i,  Roya  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar  2;  Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  i ;  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  2;  Rio  Madeira,  Borba  i,  Calama  i,  Santa 
Isabel,  Rio  Preto  i;  Rio  Icanna  i.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  5.  Argentina:  Eldorado, 
Misiones  3.  Uruguay:  San  Vicente  i,  Lazcano  i,  Rio  Negro  i.  Peru:  Pebas  i, 
Yurimaguas  i,  Huambo  i. 

a  Empidonax  euleri  argentinus  (CABANIS)  :  Similar  to  E.  euleri  euleri,  but  under 
parts  paler;  the  throat  and  middle  of  the  belly  whitish  instead  of  pale  yellow,  the 
chest  grayish  with  very  little,  if  any,  yellowish  suffusion;  dorsal  surface  slightly  paler. 
Wing  (males)  64-68,  (female)  59-64;  tail  59-64,  (female)  55-61. 

The  type  (an  adult  female),  while  agreeing  in  coloration,  is  somewhat  smaller 
than  any  other  example  examined  (wing  59;  tail  55).  It  is  remarkable  that  two 
specimens  from  Huanuco,  Peru,  are  also  referable  to  this  pale-bellied  race  while 
others  from  northern  Peru.  (Pebas,  Yurimaguas,  Huambo)  closely  resemble  typical 
euleri. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Buenos  Aires  i,  Pacheco,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i, 
Ocampo,  Santa  Fe"  i,  Tucuman  2,  Tafi  Viejo  i,  Cafetal,  Jujuy  i.  Paraguay:  Cerro, 
25  kilom.  west  of  Puerto  Pinasco  2.  Peru,  Dept.  Huanuco:  Chuchurras  i,  Vista 
Alegre  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  219 

Empidonax  griseipectus  Lawrence.  GRAY-BREASTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  griseipectus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  236,  1870 — 
Puna  Island,  Ecuador;  RIDGWAY,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  464 — western  Ecuador  (char.); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  225,  1888 — Babahoyo,  Ecuador. 

Empidochanes  griseipectus  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883, 
p.  558 — Chimbo,  Ecuador. 

Range :  Southwestern  Ecuador  (from  Prov.  Guayas  southward)  and 
northwestern  Peru  (Dept.  Piura)a. 

Empidonax  timidus  Nelson*.   DURANGO  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  timidus  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  263,  1900 — El  Salto,  Durango;  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  586,  1907 — El  Salto,  Durango. 

Range:    Northwestern  Mexico,  in  State  of  Durango  (El  Salto). 

Empidonax  albigularis  albigularis  Sclater  and  Salvin.  WHITE-THROATED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  albigularis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  i,  p.  122,  1859 — Duenas, 
Guatemala;  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  229,  1862 — Orizaba  (Mexico), 
Coban  and  Duenas  (Guatemala);  RIDGWAY,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  463 — southern 
Mexico  and  Guatemala  (char.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  223,  1888 
— part,  spec,  a-f,  Orizaba  (Mexico),  Coban  and  Duenas  (Guatemala);  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  70,  pi.  40,  fig.  2,  1889 — part, 
Mexico  and  Guatemala;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  584, 
1907 — part,  Mexico  and  Guatemala. 

Empidonax  axillaris  RIDGWAY  in  Baird,  Brewer,  and  Ridgway,  Hist.  N.  Amer. 
Birds,  2,  p.  363,  1874 — Orizaba,  Vera  Cruz;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3°9  (crit.). 

Range :  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  and  Guer- 
rero) and  Guatemala. 

*Empidonax  albigularis   australis   Miller   and   Griscom0.     SOUTHERN 
WHITE-THROATED  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  albigularis  australis  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  159, 

?•  5»  *925 — San  Rafael  del  Norte,  Nicaragua. 
Empidonax  albigularis  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1859)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  360 — Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  223, 

a  Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Chimbo  2. 

b  We  do  not  know  this  species.  Judging  from  the  description,  it  appears  to  be  a 
local  race  of  E.  albigularis. 

"  Empidonax  albigularis  australis  MILLER  and  GRISCOM:  "Similar  to  E.  a.  albi- 
gularis, but  upper  parts  slightly  more  olivaceous,  less  brown ;  lores,  eye-ring  and  wing- 
bars  whiter,  less  brownish  buff;  chest-band  less  brownish  and  consequently  less 
contrasted  with  the  throat ;  belly,  flanks,  and  under  tail-coverts  yellower,  less  brown 
or  buff."  (Miller  and  Griscom,  I.e.). 

We  have  not  been  able  to  compare  this  form  with  typical  E.  albigularis. 


220  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1888 — part,  spec,  g,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  70,  1889 — part,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  584,  1907 — part,  Costa  Rica  (Reventaz6n)  and  Panama;  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  697,  1910 — Reventazdn  and  Faldas  de  Barba, 
Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Nicaragua;  Costa  Rica  (San  Jose",  Reventaz6n,  Faldas  de 
Barba,  Agua  Caliente,  Tejas);  Panama  (Lion  Hill). 

i :    Costa  Rica  (San  Jose"  i). 

*Empidonax  atriceps  Salvin.  BLACK-CAPPED  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  atriceps  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  198 — Volcan  de  Chiriqui, 
Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  6,  p.  413,  1884 — Pirris,  Costa 
Rica  (descr.);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  79,  pi.  40, 
fig.  3,  1889 — Irazu  and  Pirris  (Costa  Rica)  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  RIDG- 
WAY, Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  586,  1907 — highlands  of  Costa 
Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 
Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268,  1907 — Coliblanco  and  Volcano  de  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica; 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  696,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest  and 
eggs  descr.). 

Mitrephanes  atriceps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  220,  1888 — Irazu  and 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  37,  1902 — Volcan 
de  Chiriqui. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama 
(Chiriqui). 

19:    Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  6,  Turrialba  13). 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  fulvifrons  (Giraud).   FULVOUS  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  fulvifrons  GIRAUD,  Sixteen  Sp.  Texas  Birds,  pi.  4,  fig.  2,  1841 — 
"Texas"  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum). 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  fulvifrons  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  588,  1907 — probably  mountains  of  northeastern  Mexico. 

Range :    Probably  mountains  of  northeastern  Mexico". 
*Empidonax  fulvifrons  pygmaeus  Coues.  BUFF-BREASTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidonax  pygmaeus  COUES,  Ibis,  (2)  i,  p.  537,  1865 — Fort  Whipple,  Arizona. 

Mitrephorus  pallescens  COUES,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1866,  p.  63 — Fort 
Whipple,  Arizona. 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  (not  Muscicapa  fulvifrons  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  222,  1888 — part;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves, 
2,  p.  69,  1889 — part,  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  Chihuahua. 

•  Mr.  Ridgway  considers  the  unique  type,  supposed  to  have  come  from  "Texas", 
to  be  distinct  from  the  three  other  races  of  the  species.  Its  habitat  remains  to  be 
discovered. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  221 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  pygmaeus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  589,  1907 — Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  northern  Mexico  (monog.,  full 
bibliography);  SWARTH,  Pacific  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  43,  1914 — Arizona. 

Range:  Southeastern  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  south  through 
Chihuahua  to  Durango,  wintering  south  to  Jalisco,  Tepic,  Morelos,  and 
Michoacan. 

18:  Arizona  (Santa  Rita  Mountains  i);  Mexico  (Babicora,  Chi- 
huahua 17). 

*Empidonax  fulvifrons  rubicundus  Cabanis  and  Heine.  RUDDY  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Empidonax  rubicundus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p. 70,  footnote,  1859  — 
Mexico. 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  (not  Muscicapa  fulvifrons  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  222,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Mexico;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  69,  1889 — part,  Guerrero,  localities  near  Mexico 
City,  and  Puebla. 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  rubicundus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  591,  1907 — part,  central  and  southern  Mexico  only  (monog.,  full  bib- 
liography). 

Range :    Central  and  southern  Mexico,  from  Durango  and  southern 
Chihuahua  south  to  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  and  Chiapas. 
i:    Mexico  (unspecified  i). 

*Empidonax  fulvifrons  fusciceps  Nelson":   COMITAN  FLYCATCHER. 

Empiconax  fulvifrons  fusciceps  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  152,  1904 — 
Comitan,  Chiapas,  Mexico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  592,  1907 — State  of  Chiapas,  Mexico;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist. 
Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  104,  1907 — Lake  Atitlan  and  near  Tecpam,  Guatemala. 

Empidonax  fulvifrons  (not  Muscicapa  fulvifrons  GIRAUD)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  222,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  f,  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  69,  1889 — part,  Guatemala. 

Range:  Highlands  of  southeastern  Mexico  (State  of  Chiapas)  and 
Guatemala. 

5:    Guatemala  (Lake  Atitlan  3,  near  Tecpam  2). 

Genus  CNEMOTRICCUS  Hellmayr,  nomen  nov. 

Empidochanes  SCLATER  (not  of  SCLATER  i862)b,  Cat.  Birds  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  216, 
1888 — type  Empidochanes  fringillaris  PELZELN  =  Muscipeta  fuscata  WIED. 

*•  A  very  distinct  form  by  reason  of  its  dusky  cap  and  rich  ochraceous  under 
parts. 

b  Empidochanes  SCLATER  1862  proves  to  be  a  synonym  of  Myiophobus  (see  foot- 
note on  p.  246),  and  a  new  name  had  consequently  to  be  created  for  the  group  of 
birds  allied  to  Muscipeta  fuscata  WIED. 


222  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cnemotriccus  fuscatus  fuscatus  (Wied).   DUSKY  FLYCATCHER. 

M uscipeta  fuscata  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  902,  1831 — Rio  de  Ja- 
neiro"; BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  487,  1856 — Rio  de  Janeiro 
to  Bahia. 

Empidochanes  fringillaris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — part,  Rio  de 
Janeiro  and  Sapitiba  (type),  Rio,  and  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined);  RIDGWAY,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  461 — Bahia  (crit.);  SCLATER, 
I.e.,  1887,  p.  65 — Brazil;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  216,  1888 — 
Sapitiba,  Rio,  Santa  Catharina;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming 
Bird,  2,  p.  45,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  RIDGWAY,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  460,  461 — Brazil  (note  on  type); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  216,  1888  (ex  WIED);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  235,  1889 — Rio  de  Janeiro  (Wied's  types);  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  202,  1899 — Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo;  BERLEPSCH  and 
HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  21,  1905 — Sao  Paulo  to  Bahia  (crit.);  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  291,  1907 — Sao  Sebastiao,  Rincao,  Ubatuba,  Rio 
Feio,  Campinas  (Sao  Paulo),  Sao  Francisco  (Santa  Catharina). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  south 
to  Santa  Catharinab. 

*Cnemotriccus   fuscatus   bimaculatus    (Lafresnaye   and   D'Orbigny}0. 
WESTERN  DUSKY  FLYCATCHER. 

•  Wied  (I.e.,  p.  905)  states  that  the  bird  lives  in  the  same  country  as  Muscipeta 
chrysoceps  ( =  Myiophobus  fasciatus  flammiceps)  for  which  he  cites  (I.e.,  p.  943)  Rio 
de  Janeiro  as  habitat. 

b  I  cannot  maintain  the  distinction  between  birds  from  Rio  and  south  (fuscatus) 
and  Bahia  (fringillaris),  as  proposed  by  Ridgway  (Ibis,  1886,  p.  461).  Besides,  E. 
fringillaris  PELZELN,  as  shown  by  the  marked  type  in  the  Vienna  Museum,  was 
primarily  based  on  a  specimen  from  Sapitiba  (near  Rio)  and  is,  therefore,  a  pure 
synonym  of  M.  fuscata  WIED.  The  tone  of  the  upper  parts  and  the  coloration  of  the 
lower  mandible  are  exceedingly  variable,  regardless  of  locality,  in  the  large  series 
examined  in  the  present  connection.  An  unsexed  adult  from  Rio  Feio  (between 
Ypanema  and  the  Rio  Paranapanema),  Sao  Paulo,  by  slightly  lighter  upper  parts 
and  paler  yellowish  abdomen,  exhibits  a  decided  tendency  towards  the  characters  of 
E.  f.  bimaculatus,  found  in  the  northern  (drier)  districts  of  Sao  Paulo. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  (trade  skins)  12.  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Sapitiba  2,  Rio  i. 
Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  6,  Ubatuba  i,  Sao  Sebastiao  2,  Rio  Feio  i. 

0  Cnemotriccus  fuscatus  bimaculatus  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  :  Similar  to 
C.  f.  fuscatus,  but  upper  parts  somewhat  paler  and  more  ruf escent ;  chest  pale  grayish ; 
middle  of  abdomen  white  or  but  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish;  bill  on  average  smaller. 

Specimens  from  the  interior  of  Sao  Paulo  (Parana-Tiete"  district)  and  western 
Minas  Geraes  agree  with  a  series  from  Matto  Grosso,  Goyaz,  and  Maranhao,  and 
three  from  Bolivia. 

Material  examined. — Northern  Sao  Paulo:  Itapura  (mouth  of  the  Tiete'  into  the 
Parana)  i,  Barretos,  Rio  Grande  2,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Sal  to  Grande  do  Rio  Parana- 
panema 2,  Rio  Parand  i.  Minas  Geraes:  Bagagem,  near  Agua  Suja  2.  Goyaz:  Rio 
Thesouras  i,  Rio  Araguaya  5,  Goyaz  i.  Matto  Grosso:  Chapada  2,  Cuyaba  2, 
Engenho  do  Gama  2.  Maranhao:  Sao  Ben  to  3,  Barra  do  Corda  i,  Cod6,  Cocos  i, 
Grajahu  3.  Piauhy:  Arara  2.  Ceard:  Jua  ,near Iguatu  i.  Amazonas:  Nova  Olinda, 
Rio  Purus  2;  Rio  Madeira,  Humaytha  i,  Calama  i,  Jamarysinho  i,  Borba  i. 
Bolivia:  Yungas  (the  type)  i,  Rio  Surutu,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i,  Puerto  Suarez  i. 
Argentina:  Ocampo,  Santa  F6  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  223 

Muscipeta  bimaculata  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  48,  1837 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am^r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  320,  1839 — Yungas,  Bolivia. 

Empidochanes  fringillaris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — part,  Rio 
Parana  (Sao  Paulo),  Goyaz,  Cuyaba  (Matto  Grosso),  and  Borba,  Rio  Ma- 
deira (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  122 — Pan  de 
Azucar,  southwestern  Matto  Grosso. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  (not  of  WIED)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4, 
p.  340,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  503, 
1908 — Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  594 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  75,  1910 — Fazenda 
da  Serra,  Rio  Grande,  northwestern  Bahia. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  bimaculatus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Journ.  Orn.,  53, 
p.  21,  22,  1905 — Bolivia  and  central  Brazil  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
J4>  P-  357.  I9°7 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  p.  52,  1908 — Rio 
Araguaya  and  Rio  Thesouras,  Goyaz;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  301,  1910 — Calama, 
Rio  Madeira;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  202,  1909 — Ocampo,  Prov. 
Santa  F6;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  75, 
1910 — Lake  Missao  and  Sao  Antonio  do  Gilboez,  Piauhy;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol. 
Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  390,  1914 — part,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Goyana)  and  Rio  Purus 
(Bom  Lugar);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  58,  1917 — Caceres, 
Matto  Grosso;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  164,  1925 — Fazenda  da  Serra  (Bahia),  Lagoa  Missao  and  Sao  Antonio 
(Piauhy);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  29,  1925 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (crit. 
note  on  type,  range). 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  brunneus  (not  Pipra  brunnea  THUNBERG)  IHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  291,  1907 — Mattao,  Itapura,  and  Avanhandava,  Sao 
Paulo. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  fuscatus  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Brazil  (except  wooded  coastal  belt  from  Bahia  to  Santa 
Catharina),  from  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Rio  Grande,  Rio  Tiete",  and  Rio 
Paranapanema)  and  western  Minas  Geraes  north  to  Ceard,  Maranhao, 
and  the  south  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Tapaj6z,  Madeira,  and  Purus 
Rivers),  west  to  Matto  Grosso;  eastern  Bolivia;  Paraguay;  and  northern 
Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"). 

14:  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada  i) ;  Ceard  (Jua,  near  Iguatii  i) ; 
Piauhy  (Ar&ra  2);  Maranhao  (Sao  Bento  3,  Barra  do  Corda  i,  Cod6, 
Cocos  i,  Grajahu  3,  Tranqueira  2). 

Cnemotriccus  fuscatus  fumosus  (Berlepsch}*.    GUIANAN  DUSKY  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

•  Cnemotriccus  fuscatus  fumosus  (BERLEPSCH):  Intermediate  between  C.  f. 
bimaculatus  and  C.  f.  cabanisi ;  bill  large  as  in  the  former,  but  lower  mandible  blackish, 
more  like  the  latter;  upper  parts  much  darker  sooty-brown  and  wing-bands  narrower 


224  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  fumosus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  108,  1908 — 
Cayenne,  French  Guiana  (type  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math, 
phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  108,  1912 — Fazenda  Nazareth,  Men- 
ana  (crit.);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  79,  1918 — 
vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Empidochanes  surinamensis  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  258,  1910 — 
Surinam  (types  in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

Empidochanes  olivus  (not  Muscicapa  oliva  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer. 
Birds,  p.  228,  1862 — part,  spec,  f,  "Par£"  =  Mexiana;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  578 — Mexiana;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  297 — Bartica 
Grove. 

Empidochanes  fringillaris  var.  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — part,  Forte 
do  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined). 

Empidochanes  arenaceus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  217,  1888 — part,  spec,  c,  d,  Mexiana. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  (not  Muscipeta  fuscata  WIED)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  390,  1914 — Maraj6  (Tuyuyii)  and  Mexiana. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  bimaculatus  (not  Muscipeta  bimaculata  LAFRESNAYE  and 
D'ORBIGNY)  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  390,  1914 — part,  Aruman- 
duba,  Ig.  de  Paituna,  and  Obidos,  Brazil. 

Empidochanes  cabanisi  (not  of  LEOTAUD)  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  221, 
1921 — Ituribisi  River,  Supenaam,  Bartica,  Bonasika,  Makauria  River,  Abary 
River,  Anarica  River. 

Range:    French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  south 
to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  Mexiana  and  Maraj6. 

*Cnemotriccus  fuscatus  cabanisi  (Ltotaud).    LEOTAUD'S  DUSKY  FLY- 
CATCHER. 
Empidonax  cabanisi  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  232,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Empidochanes  altirostris  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  16,  p.  196,  1868 — Carthagena, 
Colombia  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Ochthoeca  arenacea  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  P-  20 — Bogotd 
(type  examined). 

Empidochanes  vireoninus  RIDGWAY,  Ibis,  (5)  4,  p.  461,  1886 — Tobago. 

Empidochanes  cabanisi  canescens  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6, 
p.  42,  1894 — Tobago. 

Tyrannula  traillii  (not  of  AUDUBON)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20,  p.  330, 
1847 — Tobago  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Empidochanes  olivus  (not  of  BODDAERT)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  228, 
1862 — part,  spec,  e,  Tobago. 

and  paler  than  in  either.    Wing  (male)  67-71,  (female)  62-65;  tail  65-69,  (female) 
61-65. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:    Cayenne  2,  Rio  Approuague  5.    Dutch 
Guiana:  vicinity  of  Paramaribo  3.  Brazil:  Mexiana  4,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  225 

Empidonax  olivus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628 — San  Este- 
ban,  Venezuela. 

Empidochanes  arenaceus  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1887,  p.  66  (crit.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  217,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  e-k,  Bogota,  Iquitos,  San  Esteban, 
Tobago;  DALMAS,  M6m.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  139,  1900 — Tobago  (crit.); 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  50,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Caicara, 
Rio  Orinoco;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  p.  242,  1916 — Orinoco 
River  from  Las  Barrancas  up  to  Caicara. 

Empidochanes  cabanisi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  41,  1894 — 
Monos  Island  (crit.  on  type) ;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  144, 
1900 — Concha,  Bonda,  and  Valparaiso;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  56, 
1906 — Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  364,  1908 — 
Pointe  Gourde,  Trinidad;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  471, 
1917 — Boca  de  Chimi,  lower  Magdalena,  Colombia. 

Empidochanes  fuscatus  cabanisi  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53, 
p.  20,  21,  1905. (crit.,  synon.,  range);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  165,  1912 — San  Esteban;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  351,  1922 — Bonda,  Mamatoco,  Dibulla,  Fundacidn,  and  Valencia, 
Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Islands  of  Tobago  and  Trinidad;  Venezuela  (north  coast, 
south  to  the  Orinoco  Valley);  Colombia  (Carthagena;  Santa  Marta 
region;  Magdalena  Valley;  Bogota);  northern  Peru  (Iquitos,  Rio 
Marafion  and  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo) B. 

4 :  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  i ;  Lake  Valencia  2) ;  Colombia  (El 
Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San  Jose*  de  Cucuta,  Prov.  Santander  i). 

Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  poecilurus  (Sdater)b.    RUFOUS-TAILED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

a  As  pointed  out  by  Dalmas,  there  are  two  color  "phases"  of  this  bird  met  with  on 
the  island  of  Tobago,  one  with  grayish  brown  back  and  whitish  belly,  and  another  with 
decidedly  brownish  upper  parts  and  sulphur  yellow  abdomen.  Specimens  of  the  first- 
named  type  appear  to  have  served  as  basis  for  E.  vireoninus  and  E.  cabanisi  canescens. 
Six  examples  from  the  Venezuelan  north  coast  agree  with  the  yellow-bellied  variety 
from  Tobago,  and  two  from  Trinidad  are  also  similar.  In  the  Orinoco  Valley  white- 
bellied  birds  are  far  more  numerous  than  in  Tobago,  whence  I  have  seen  only  two  or 
three  out  of  a  total  of  twenty.  Above  they  vary  from  grayish  brown  to  warm  umber 
brown.  For  the  present  I  am  unable  to  account  for  this  "dimorphism,"  though  most 
of  the  white-bellied  examples  appear  to  be  more  or  less  immature.  Colombian  skins 
average  slightly  darker  above,  with  a  more  rufescent  hue,  and  if  separable,  would 
have  to  stand  as  C.  f.  altirostris.  A  single  male  from  Yquitos,  Peru  (Oct.  6,  1878, 
H.  Whitely,  jr.)  is  darker  brown  than  any  other  example.  It  approaches  C.  f.  fumosus 
and  may  prove  to  be  separable  (lately  described  as  Empidochanes  fuscatus  fuscatior 
CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  231,  p.  6,  1926 — junction  of  the  Rio  Curaray  with 
the  Rio  Napo,  southeastern  Ecuador). 

Material  examined. — Tobago  20.  Trinidad:  Pointe  Gourde  2.  Venezuela: 
Maracay,  Aragua  i ;  Lake  Valencia  2 ;  San  Esteban  i ;  Altagracia,  Orinoco  River  9, 
San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure  2.  Colombia:  Carthagena  i,  Bogota  32.  Peru:  Iquitos  i. 

b  Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  is  hardly  congeneric  with  C.  fuscatus,  differing  by  more 
rounded  wing,  relatively  shorter  tail,  and  peculiar  color  pattern. 


226  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Empidochanes  poecilurus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1862,  p.  112 — BogotA  (type 
examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  515 — Antioquia  (spec,  exam- 
ined); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  217,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Bogota, 
Antioquia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  471,  1917 — Andes 
west  of  Popayan,  Santa  Elena,  La  Candela,  La  Palma,  and  near  San  Agustin, 
Colombia. 

Knipolegus  columbianus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31,  p.  151, 
1912 — Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  re- 
gion)'. 

*Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  peruanus  (Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann)b.   PERU- 
VIAN RUFOUS-TAILED  FLYCATCHER. 

Empidochanes  poecilurus  peruanus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  366 — Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc  (type),  and  Tambillo,  Prov.  Jaen,  Peru; 
BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — Charapi  and  Perico,  Rio  Marafion; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  97,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge, 
Urubamba,  Peru. 

Empidochanes  poecilurus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1873,  p.  186 — Cosnipata;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  538 — Auquimarca  and 
Paltaypampa;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  235 — Tambillo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  314, 
1884 — Peruvian  localities;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  217,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  d,  e,  Tambillo  and  Cosnipata,  Peru. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru   (from  depts.   Cajamarca  and 
Amazonas  southward)  and  Bolivia  (Prov.  del  Sara). 
8:    Peru  (Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  8). 

Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  venezuelanus   subsp.   nov.«     VENEZUELAN 
RUFOUS-TAILED  FLYCATCHER. 

•  Material  examined. — Colombia:    Bogotd  4,  Antioquia  i. 

b  Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  peruanus  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  :  Precisely 
similar  to  C.  p.  poecilurus,  but  dusky  apical  markings  of  lateral  rectrices  less  extensive, 
often  reduced  to  short  subapical  spots. 

I  feel  rather  doubtful  as  to  the  validity  of  this  race.  The  tail-markings  are  in- 
dividually variable,  both  in  Colombian  and  Peruvian  specimens,  and  one  or  two 
Bogota  skins  certainly  do  not  differ  from  the  latter. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chachapoyas  4,  Tambillo  2,  Nuevo  Loreto  2,  Chin- 
chao 8,  Cosnipata  i.  Bolivia:  Prov.  del  Sara  i. 

0  Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  venezuelanus  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  El  Escorial,  alt.  2500  metr.,  M£rida,  Venezuela  in  Tring  Museum. 
Adult  male.  August  8,  1886.  Salomon  Briceno. 

Adult  (sexes  alike). — Similar  to  C.  p.  poecilurus  in  having  the  tail  feathers  for  the 
greater  part  rufous;  but  under  parts  much  paler,  buff  instead  of  deep  ochraceous, 
passing  into  buffy  white  on  throat;  foreneck  and  sides  of  chest  much  more  strongly 
shaded  with  dark  gray.  Wing  (male)  77,  (female)  71-72;  tail  65,  (female)  60-61; 
bill  13-14. 

Remarks. — In  coloration  of  under  parts,  this  new  form  resembles  C.  p.  salvini, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  227 

Empidochanes  salvini  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  218, 
1888 — part,  Caracas  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Empidochanes  poecilurus  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  116,  1868 — 
Rio  Icanna  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Me*rida  and 
Silla  of  Caracas)  and  Tropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Icanna, 
an  affluent  of  the  upper  Rio  Negro). 

Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  salvini  (Sclater)*.    SALVIN'S  RORAIMA  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Empidochanes  salvini  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  218,  1888 — part, 
Roraima  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana, 
2,  p.  222,  1921 — Roraima. 

Empidochanes  poecilurus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  298 — Roraima. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  British  Guiana  (Mount  Roraima). 

Genus  MITREPHANES  Coues. 

Mitrephorus  (not  of  SCH&NHERR  1837)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  44,  1859 — 
type  by  orig.  desig.  Mitrephorus  phaeocercus  SCLATER. 

Mitrephanes  COUES,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  p.  55,  1882 — new  name  for  Mitre- 
phorus SCLATER,  preoccupied. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  tenuirostris  Brewster.   SLENDER-BILLED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  tenuirostris  BREWSTER,  Auk,  5,  p.  137,  1888 — near 
Oposura,  Sonora,  Mexico;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  500, 
1907 — western  Mexico  (monog.). 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  219,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-f,  Presidio  and  Ciudad  Durango,  Mexico; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  66,  1889 — part,  Oposura 
(Sonora),  Presidio  and  Mazatlan  (Sinaloa),  Ciudad  Durango,  Sierra  de  Val- 
paraiso (Zacatecas),  Amula  and  Omilteme  (Guerrero). 

Range :  Western  Mexico,  in  states  of  Sonora,  Chihuahua,  Durango, 
Zacatecas,  Sinaloa,  Jalisco,  Guerrero,  and  Tepic. 

while  the  tail-markings  are  exactly  as  in  C.  p.  poecilurus.   The  Rio  Negro  specimen 
agrees  with  those  from  Venezuela. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  MeYida:  El  Escorial  (alt.  2500  metr.)  i,  La 
Culata  (alt.  4000  metr.)  i;  Silla  of  Caracas  i.  Brazil:  Rio  Icanna  i. 

a  Cnemotriccus  poecilurus  salvini  (SCLATER)  :  Below  like  C.  p.  venezuelanus, 
middle  of  breast  and  abdomen  sometimes  even  paler,  more  buffy  whitish;  but  tail 
uniform  dusky  gray  or  with  rufous  area  on  inner  web  of  lateral  rectrices  but  faintly 
suggested.  Wing  (male)  75-78,  (female)  74;  tail  64-67,  (female)  63-64;  bill  13-14. 

Four  males  have  no  trace  of  rufous  in  the  tail,  while  in  two  females  there  is  a  dull 
rufescent  shade  on  the  inner  web  of  the  eight  lateral  rectrices. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Roraima  (including  the  type)  6. 


228  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  phaeocercus  (Sdater).    DUSKY-TAILED  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Mitrephorus  phaeocercus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  27,  p.  44,  1859 — southern 
Mexico  and  Guatemala  (type  from  Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico);  idem, 
Ibis,  1859,  p.  442,  pi.  14,  fig.  2 — Cordoba,  Orizaba,  Oaxaca. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  219,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-c,  g-p,  Cordoba,  Jalapa,  Oaxaca,  Mexico  and  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  66,  1889 — part,  states  of  Mexico, 
Vera  Cruz,  and  Oaxaca,  and  Guatemala. 

Mitreplianes  phaeocercus  phaeocercus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  498,  1907 — part,  southern  Mexico  and  Guatemala  (monog.,  full  biblio- 
graphic references). 

Range :  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  Morelos, 
Michoacan,  and  Oaxaca),  Guatemala,  and  Honduras  (Volcan  de  Puca)". 

*Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  nicaraguae  Miller  and  Griscomb.    NICARA- 
GUAN  FLYCATCHER. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  nicaraguae  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit., 
JSQj  P-  4»  J925 — San  Rafael  del  Norte,  Nicaragua. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1892, 
p.  326 — Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  phaeocercus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  sof  Part  4, 
p.  498,  1907 — part,  Nicaragua. 

Range :    Nicaragua. 

i :    Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  i). 

^Mitrephanes    phaeocercus    aurantiiventris     (Lawrence).      YELLOW- 
VENTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Mitrephorus  aurantiiventris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  173 
1867 — Tabacales,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  198 — Calo- 
vevora,  Veragua. 

Mitrephanes  aurantiiventris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  219,  1888 — Costa 
Rica,  Chiriqui,  and  Veragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves. 

*  A  single  adult  male  in  the  Brunswick  Museum,  secured  by  Wittkugel  on  March 
i,  1889,  agrees  in  color  and  size  (wing  70^2]  tail  63)  with  Guatemalan  examples. 

b  Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  nicaraguae  MILLER  and  GRISCOM:  Similar  to  M.  p. 
phaeocercus,  but  somewhat  smaller  (wing  of  male  64-68,  against  70-74) ;  slightly  more 
olivaceous,  less  brownish  above;  lower  abdomen  rather  paler,  more  yellowish  ochre, 
less  tawny. 

This  form  connects  the  northern  phaeocercus  with  aurantiiventris,  being  less  green- 
ish above  than  the  latter,  but  more  so  than  the  former.  In  size,  it  nearly  agrees  with 
aurantiiventris  and  approaches  it  also  in  the  coloration  of  the  lower  parts,  certain 
Costa  Rica  examples  being  barely  distinguishable  by  slightly  paler  yellowish  under 
tail  coverts. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  229 

2,  p.  67,  1889 — same  range;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  37, 1902 — 
Boquete,  Chiriqui;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  501,  1907 — 
Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  705,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Set.,  i,  p.  268,  1910 — Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui  and  Veragua). 
9:    Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  7,  Juan  Vifias  i,  Carrillo  i). 

Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  eminulus  Nelson*.   CANA  FLYCATCHER. 

Mitrephanes  eminulus  NELSON,  Smithson.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  3,  p.  13,  1912 — 

Cana,  eastern  Panama. 
Mitrephanes  berlepschi  eminulus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

p.  472,  1917 — Monquido,  Atrato  Valley,  and  Alto  Bonito,  Colombia  (crit.). 

Range :  Eastern  Panama  (Cana  and  Tacarcuna)  and  western  Colom- 
bia (Atrato  and  Sucio  Rivers). 

Mitrephanes   phaeocercus   berlepschi    Hartertb.     ESMERALDAS   FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Mitrephanes  berlepschi  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  608,  1902 — Bulun,  Prov. 
Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (type  in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

Range:    Northwestern  Ecuador  (Bulun,  Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

^Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  olivaceus  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann0.  OLIVA- 
CEOUS FLYCATCHER. 

Mitrephanes  olivaceus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6)  6,  p.  391,  1894 — 
Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc,  Peru  (type)  and  Quebrada  Onda,  Yungas  of  Cocha- 
bamba,  Bolivia;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  367 — Garita  del  Sol;  CHAPMAN, 

•  Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  eminulus  NELSON:  Differs  from  M.  p.  aurantiiventris 
by  dingy  yellowish  instead  of  buffy  lores  and  orbital  rim;  more  greenish  sides 
of  the  head;  much  duller,  dingy  olive  fulvous  throat  and  breast,  shading  into  olive 
greenish  on  the  sides.  Wing  (two  males)  62-63 ;  tail  49. 

This  form  appears  to  be  closely  allied  to  M .  p.  berlepschi  with  which  no  direct  com- 
parison could  be  made,  but  would  seem  to  differ  by  darker  green  upper,  and  much 
more  fulvous  under  parts. 

Material  examined. — Panama:   Tacarcuna  2. 

b  Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  berlepschi  HARTERT:  Nearly  allied  to  M.  p.  olivaceus, 
but  differing  by  much  smaller  size;  buffy  olive  yellow  lores;  lighter  olive  green  upper 
parts  and  sides  of  head;  paler,  more  yellowish  (less  tawny)  throat  and  chest,  without 
grayish  suffusion  on  the  chin,  and  bright  canary  yellow  abdomen.  Wing  (one  female, 
the  type)  56;  tail  46;  bill  io>£. 

0  Mitrephanes  phaeocercus  olivaceus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  This  form  is 
very  nearly  as  large  as  M .  p.  phaeocercus,  but  easily  recognizable  among  its  affines  by 
the  prevailing  greenish  coloration.  Wing  (male)  66-70,  (female)  61-63;  tail  56-62, 
(female)  54-56. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Quebrada  Onda,  Prov.  Cochabamba  3,  Tilotilo, 
Yungas  of  La  Paz  i.  Peru:<  Santo  Domingo  2,  Huachipa  3,  Uchco  i. 


230  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  14,  p.  225,  1901 — Inca  Mine  [  =  Santo  Domingo], 
Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  480,  1907  (crit.). 

Myiobius  subochraceus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  208,  1888 — part,  spec, 
b,  Tilotilo. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  eastern  Peru  (from  Dept,  Amazonas 
southward)  and  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba). 

4:  Peru  (Uchco,  forty  miles  east  of  Chachapoyas,  Dept.  Amazonas 
i;  Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  3). 

Genus  TERENOTRICCUS  Ridgway. 

Terenotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  207,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Myiobius  fulvigularis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN. 

^Terenotriccus  erytnrurus  erythrurus  (Cabanis)*.    RED-TAILED  PLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  249,  pi.  5,  fig.  i,  1847 — 
Guiana  and  Cayenne;  idem  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  701, 
1848 — British  Guiana;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  114,  1868 — part,  Mara- 
bitanas  and  Rio  Negro  district  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  297 — 
Bartica  Grove  and  Camacusa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  203,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  a-e,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Carimang  River,  Albina;  BER- 
LEPSCH and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  49,  1902 — Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco, 
and  La  Pricion,  Suapure,  and  Nicare,  Caura  River,  Venezuela;  CHUBB,  Birds 
Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  218,  1921 — numerous  localities. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  erythrurus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  26,  1912  (range). 

Terenotriccus  erythrurus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  130,  1908 — Ipousin, 
French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  392,  1914 — part,  Rio 
Jary  (Sao  Antonio  da  Cachoeira)  and  Obidos. 

Terenotriccus  erythrurus  erythrurus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  242,  1916 — Orinoco  River. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
( Orinoco-Caura  region);  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Negro  and  Rio  Branco, 
south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon). 

i :    Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i). 

a  Terenotriccus  erythrurus  erythrurus  (CABANIS)  differs  from  the  other  races  by 
having  the  throat  grayish  white,  strongly  contrasted  with  the  light  ochraceous  buff 
of  chest  and  belly;  the  pileum  deep  grayish  olive,  without  any  buffy  tinge  on  the  fore- 
head, and  the  sides  pf  the  head  pale  gray,  just  a  little  lighter  than  the  crown. 

Birds  from  the  Rio  Branco  and  Obidos  agree  perfectly  with  others  from  the  Guianas 
while  a  series  from  Venezuela  (Caura)  and  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas,  Rio 
Icanna),  by  slightly  more  buffy  throatand  sides  of  thehead  as  well  as  deeper  ochraceous 
under  parts,  form  the  transition  to  T.  e.  brunneifrons,  of  Upper  Amazonia. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  2,  Ipousin  i.  British 
Guiana:  Camacusa  2,  Bartica  Grove  2.  Venezuela:  Nicare,  Caura  3,  La  Pricion  2, 
Suapure,  Caura  i;  Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco  i.  Brazil:  Serra  da  Lua,  Rio  Branco  i; 
Obidos  2;  Rio  Icanna  i,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  231 

*Terenotriccus  erythrurus  hellmayri  (Snethlage)*.    HELLMAYR'S  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  hellmayri  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  15,  p.  195,  1907 — 
Pard  (type)  and  Santa  Maria  do  Sao  Miguel,  Rio  Oure'm,  State  of  Pard; 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  26,  90, 
1912 — Peixe-Boi  and  Para  localities. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  578 — Capim  River;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  114,  1868 — part, 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  203,  1888 — part,  spec,  f,  Rio  Capim; 
SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  503,  1908 — Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  erythrurus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  362,  1906 — Sao 
Antonio  do  Prata,  Pard. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  fulvigularis  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  HELLMAYR,  Nov, 
Zool.,  17,  p.  300,  1910 — Calama  and  Maroins,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  reexam- 
inpd). 

Terenotriccus  erythrurus  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goefdi,  8,  p.  392,  1914 — part, 
Pard,  Mocajatuba,  Providencia,  Santa  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Rio  Guamd,  Rio 
Tocantins  (Cametd,  Baiao,  Bocca  do  Manapiri,  Pirunum),  Rio  Jamauchim 
(Tucunare'),  Rio  Tapajdz  (Boim,  Villa  Braga). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  western 
Maranhao  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira,  south  to  Matto  Grosso  (Rio  Roose- 
velt and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore"). 

i:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i). 

^Terenotriccus  erythrurus  brunneifrons  subsp.  nov.b    BROWN-FRONTED 
€      FLYCATCHER. 

•  Terenotriccus  erythrurus  hellmayri  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Nearly  allied  to  T.  e.  erythru- 
rus, but  pileum  buffy-olive  (the  forehead  more  buffy  than  the  crown) ;  upper  back 
mainly  pale  brownish  cinnamon  instead  of  deep  grayish  olive ;  sides  of  head  and  throat 
decidedly  buffy;  remainder  of  under  parts  deeper,  approaching  ochraceous- tawny. 

Recent  comparison  shows  a  series  from  the  Rio  Madeira  to  belong  to  hellmayri. 
While  birds  from  the  Tapaj6z  and  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama,  Porto  Velho)  are 
identical  with  topotypes  from  Pard,  two  skins  from  the  Machados  (Maroins)  and 
Roosevelt  Rivers,  by  more  brownish  crown,  diverge  in  the  direction  of  T.  e.  brun- 
neifrons. 

Material  examined. — Pard  district:  Peixe-Boi  2,  S&o  Antonio  do  Prata  i.  Rio 
Madeira:  Borba  2,  Calama  3,  Porto  Velho  i;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  i.  Matto 
Grosso,  Camp  9,  Rio  Roosevelt  i,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapor6  i. 

b  Terenotriccus  erythrurus  brunneifrons  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Tres  Arroyos,  Rio  Espirito  Santo,  Bolivia,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History.  No.  50769.  Male.  February  24,  1915.  Geo.  K.  Cherrie. 

Adult  (sexes  alike). — Agreeing  in  coloration  of  under  parts  and  sides  of  head  with 
T.  e.  hellmayri,  but  forehead  deep  ochreous-brown ;  crown  and  hind  neck  decidedly 
darker  brownish  olive;  auriculars  darker  ochraceous-buff.  Not  unlike  T.  e.  ful- 
vigularis on  the  under  parts,  but  upper  surface  much  more  brownish  (without  any 
olive  tinge);  the  frontal  band  much  broader  and  much  deeper  (cinnamomeous  or 


232  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tyrannula  erythrura  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — 
Bogota. 

MyioUus  erythrurus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  70,  1858 — Rio  Napo;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e., 
1873,  p.  186 — Cosnipata;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  281 — Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros, 
and  Santa  Cruz,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKJ,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  538 — Monterico;  idem, 
I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  301,  1884 — Peruvian 
localities;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  203,  1888 — part,  spec,  g-1,  n,  o, 
Iquitos,  Chamicuros,  Cosnipata,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  Bogota. 

MyioUus  fulvigularis  (not  of  SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  366 — Borgona,  Peru. 

MyioUus  erythrurus  fulvigularis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  48,  1907 — Teffe", 
Rio  Solimoes  (crit.). 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes  from  north- 
ern Bolivia  through  eastern  Peru  and  eastern  Ecuador  north  to  Colom- 
bia (Bogota)  and  east  to  the  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil. 

i :    Bolivia  (Tres  Arroyos,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  i). 

*Terenotriccus  erythrurus  fulvigularis  (Salvin  and  Godman).  FULVOUS- 
THROATED  FLYCATCHER. 

MyioUus  fulvigularis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  58, 
1889 — part,  Central  America  (type  from  Santa  F£,  Veragua);  RICHMOND, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  506,  1893 — Rio  Frio,  Costa  Rica,  and  Rio  San 
Juan,  near  Castillo,  Nicaragua;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  488,  1898 — Ca- 
chavi,  northwestern  Ecuador;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
14,  No.  362,  p.  ii,  1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador. 

MyioUus  erythrurus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  295,  1860 — 
Esmeraldas,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  557 — 
Chimbo;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  471,  1891 — Santa  Ana  and 
San  Pedro  Sula,  Honduras;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  203,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  p-t,  Chepo,  Bugaba,  Santa  Fe",  Angostura;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  144,  1900 — Jordan,  Santa  Marta  district;  BANGS, 
Auk,  18,  p.  363,  1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui. 

MyioUus  cinnamomeus  (not  Muscipeta  cinnamomea  LAFRESNAYE  and  d'ORBiGNY) 
LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lycr.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  328,  1862 — Panama  Railroad. 

Terenotriccus  fulvigularis  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso  Real,  and 
Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Costa  Rica. 

ochreous-brown  instead  of  buffy);  sides  of  head  deep  ochraceous-buff  instead  of 
light  grayish  olive.  Wing  47-50;  tail  38-44;  bill  7-8. 

Two  examples  from  Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya  resemble  the  series  from 
Bolivia.  A  male  from  Teff4,  another  from  Samiria  (Rio  Maranon)  and  a  native 
Bogotd  skin,  while  not  quite  so  deeply  colored,  appear  to  be  nearer  to  this  than  any 
other  form. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Rio  San  Mateo  7,  Mission  San  Antonio,  Rio 
Chimpre',  Prov.  Cochabamba  7,  Todos  Santos  i,  mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio,  Rio 
Espirito  Santo  i,  Tres  Arroyos,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  2.  Peru:  Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of 
Carabaya  2,  Samiria  i.  Brazil:  Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes  i.  Colombia:  Bogotd  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  233 

Terenotriccus  erythrurus  fulvigularis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
P-  495.  1907 — part,  Honduras  to  Panama  and  western  Ecuador;  DEARBORN, 
Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  104,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Guate- 
mala; FERRY,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  705,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits) ;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  84,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  469,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  San  Jos6,  and 
Puerto  Valdivia,  Colombia;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  266 — 
Gatun,  Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  219, 
1922 — Mt.  Sapo,  Rio  Esnape,  Jesusito,  Darien;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  355,  1922 — Don  Diego  and  Mamatoco,  Colombia. 

Myiobius  erythrurus  fulvigularis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1136 — Juntas, 
Rio  Tamana,  Choc6;  L6NNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74, 
1922 — road  to  Gualea,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Guatemala,  southward  through  Honduras,  Nicaragua, 
Costa  Rica,  and  Panama  to  Colombia  (Pacific  coast;  Santa  Marta 
region;  lower  Cauca),  northwestern  Venezuela  (Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo), 
and  western  Ecuador  (south  to  Chimbo) a. 

14:  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua  4);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i,  Boruca  3,  Guayabo  i,  Pozo 
Azul  Pirris  i,  Juan  Vinas  i,  unspecified  i) ;  Panama  (Lion  Hill  i). 

Genus  APHANOTRICCUS  Ridgway. 

Aphanotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  207,  1905 — type  Myiobius 
capitalis  SALVIN. 

Aphanotriccus  capitalis  (Salvin).   SAL VIN'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  capitalis  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1864,"  p.  583,  publ.  April  1865 — 

Tucurriqui,  Costa  Rica;  NUTTING,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  6,  p.  403,  1883 — 

Los  Sabalos,  Nicaragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2, 

P-  59i  pl-  4°.  ng-  1 1  *889 — Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua. 

Mitrephanes  capitalis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  220,  1888 — Tucurriqui. 
Aphanotriccus  capitalis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  492,  1907 — 

Costa  Rica  and  Nicaragua;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  706,  1910 — 

Jimenez  and  El  Hogar,  Costa  Rica. 

Range :  Eastern  Costa  Rica  (Tucurriqui ;  Concepcion,  near  Jimenez ; 
Jimenez;  El  Hogar)  and  eastern  Nicaragua  (Los  Sabalos). 

Genus  PRAEDO  Nelson". 

Praedo  NELSON,  Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  3,  p.  14,  1912 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Praedo  audax  NELSON. 

•  The  few  specimens  examined  from  Colombia  (Juntas  de  Tamana)  and  Ecuador 
(Cachavi  and  Chimbo)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  those  of  more  northern  localities. 

b  Genus  Praedo  NELSON. 

Allied  to  A  phanotriccus  RIDGWAY,  but  with  a  strong  resemblance  in  coloration  to 
Empidonax;  bill  proportionately  broader  and  more  flattened  than  in  Empidonax, 


234  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Praedo  audax  Nelson*.   NELSON'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Praedo  audax  NELSON,  Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  3,  p.  15,  1912 — Cana,  eastern 
Panama. 

Range:    Eastern  Panama  (Cana). 

i 
Genus  MYIOBIUS  Darwin". 

Tyrannula  (not  Tyrannulus  VIEILLOT  1816)  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  358, 
1827 — type  Muscipeta  barbata  SWAINSON  =  Muscicapa  mastacalis  WIED. 

Myiobius  (GRAY  MS.)  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  46,  July  1839 — new 
name  for  Tyrannula  SWAINSON. 

*Myiobius  barbatus  barbatus  (Gmeliri).  WHISKERED  MYIOBIUS. 

Muscicapa  barbata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  933,  1789 — based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  830,  fig.  i,  Cayenne. 

Myiobius  barbatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  113,  1868 — part,  Marabitanas,  Rio 
Negro  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  199,  1888 — part, 
subsp.  typica,  spec.  1-r,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Roraima,  River  Atapurow, 
Oyapock;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  391,  1914 — part,  Rio  Jary  and 
Obidos;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  215,  1921 — British  Guiana;  TODD, 
Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  25,  1922 — part,  excl.  Peru,  Rio  Madeira,  and 
Rio  Purus,  Brazil  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Myiobius  sulphureipygius  (not  of  SCLATER)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat. 
Paris,  10,  p.  118,  1904 — Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock  and  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni 
French  Guiana  (spec,  examined). 

broad  and  depressed  at  base  with  well-marked  ridge  along  culmen;  outline  of  sides 
slightly  convex  subbasally ;  compressed  and  uncinate  at  tip  with  a  well-marked  notch; 
rictal  bristles  fine  and  weak  extending  along  top  of  upper  mandible  three-fourths  its 
length;  nostrils  open,  rounded  and  set  well  forward  on  mandible;  under  mandible 
slightly  keeled  with  broad  rounded  interramal  area  extending  forward  as  far  as  an- 
terior border  of  nostrils;  point  of  wings  short,  longest  primaries  only  a  little  more  than 
half  the  length  of  culmen  longer  than  secondaries ;  tail  emarginate  with  two  outermost 
pairs  of  rectrices  slightly  graduated ;  tarsus  a  little  more  than  one-fourth  the  length 
of  wings.  (Nelson,  I.e.). 

a Praedo  audax  NELSON:  "Upper  parts  olive  green,  distinctly  darkest  on  top  of 
head  and  neck,  palest  on  upper  tail  coverts  and  borders  of  tail  feathers;  lores  dusky; 
ear  coverts  and  below  eyes  dark  olive;  a  narrow  supraloral  streak  and  ring  about  eyes 
white;  wings  dusky  slate  gray,  darker  than  tail,  with  two  wing  bands  and  edges  of 
secondaries  and  tertials  dull  greenish  yellow;  edges  of  primaries  dull  olive;  chin  and 
upper  throat  pale  gray  tinged  with  yellow;  rest  of  throat,  under  side  of  neck,  abdo- 
men, and  under  tail  coverts  rich  primrose  yellow,  dullest  on  coverts ;  sides  of  neck  and 
breast  and  a  narrow  band  of  same  across  front  of  breast  dull  olive  green;  flanks  olive 
green  above  and  yellow  below ;  bill  black,  with  lower  mandible  becoming  dark  horn- 
color  at  base;  feet  and  tarsus  dusky  horn  color.  Wing  58;  tail  52 %\  bill  13;  width  of 
bill  at  angle  of  gape  10;  tarsus  15. 

Resembles  Empidonax  in  general  coloration,  but  at  once  distinguished  by  its 
black  bill  and  short  extension  of  primaries  beyond  tips  of  secondaries. "(Nelson,  I.e.). 

We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  species. 

b  Mr.  Todd  having  presented  us  with  an  excellent  treatise  of  this  genus,  it  has  been 
deemed  unnecessary  to  reprint  the  numerous  bibliographic  references  carefully  listed 
in  his  paper,  and  the  synonymy,  as  here  given,  is  restricted  to  original  descriptions 
and  certain  citations  where  we  had  to  differ  from  his  allocation. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  235 

MyioUus  barbatus  barbatus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3, 
p.  642,  1906 — diag.,  hab.  part,  excl.  Borba;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  465,  1917 — Florencia  and  La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela 
(Rivers  Yuruan  and  Caura) ;  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caquetd)  and 
eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Suno,  Zamora);  northern  Brazil,  north  of  the 
Amazon  (Marabitanas,  upper  Rio  Negro;  Obidos;  Rio  Jary)a. 

2:  French  Guiana  (Saint  Laurent  du  Maroni  i);  British  Guiana 
(Mazaruni  River  i). 

*Myiobius    barbatus    amazonicus    Toddb.     AMAZONIAN    WHISKERED 
MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  barbatus  amazonicus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  96,  1925 — 
Hyutanahan,  Rio  Punis. 

Myiobius  barbatus  barbatus  (not  of  GMELIN)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p..  357, 
p.  357,  1907 — Humaytha,  left  bank  of  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  reexamined). 

Myiobius  barbatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  751;  I.e.,  1873, 
p.  281 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — 
Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  298,  1884 — Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Yuri- 
maguas;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  24,  1922 — part,  Manacapuni 
(Rio  Solimoes)  and  Avojutuba  (lower  Rio  Negro). 

Range :  Western  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Solimoes  and  the  right  bank 
of  the  lower  Rio  Negro  (Avojutuba)  south  to  the  Rio  Punis  and  the 
left  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha),  and  eastern  Peru. 

i :     Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Dept.  Junin  i). 

Myiobius  barbatus  mastacalis  (W-ied).    YELLOW-RUMPED  MYIOBIUS. 

Muscicapa  mastacalis  WIED,  Reise  Bras.,  2,  p.  151,  1821 — Rio  Catol6,  southern 
Bahia. 

Muscipeta  barbata  (not  Muscicapa  barbata  GMELIN)  SWAINSON,  Zool.  111.,  2,  pi. 
1 16,  1822 — Pitanga,  about  twenty  leagues  west  of  Bahia;  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg. 
Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  934,  1831 — Brazil  (habits). 

"  Specimens  from  Marabitanas  (Rio  Negro)  and  the  Caura  Valley  (Venezuela) 
agree,  in  proportions  and  coloration,  with  topotypes  from  Guiana. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Ipousin  2,  Saint  Laurent  du  Maroni  2. 
British  Guiana:  Roraima2,  BarticaGrove3,  Mazaruni  River  i.  Venezuela:  Sua- 
pure  i,  La  Pricion  i.  Brazil:  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  3,  Obidos  3. 

b  Myiobius  barbatus  amazonicus  TODD  :  Very  similar  to  M.  b.  barbatus,  but  under 
parts  more  uniform  yellow,  the  throat  and  chest  being  less  shaded  with  buffy  or 
citrine. 

A  single  specimen  from  Humaytha  (left  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira)  agrees  with  the 
description  and  is  obviously  referable  to  this  recently  discriminated  race  to  which  a 
female  from  Puerto  Bermude*.  also  seems  to  belong. 


236  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Platyrhynchus  xanthopygus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  9,  pi.  9,  fig.  i,  1825 — type  from 
Rio  de  Janeiro  in  Munich  Museum  examined. 

Myiobius  xanthopygius  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  113,  1868 — part,  Registre  do 
Sai,  Rio  (spec,  examined). 

Myiobius  barbatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  199,  1888 — part,  subsp. 
typica,  spec,  t-y,  Bahia,  Brazil. 

Myiobius  barbatus  mastacalis  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  641,  642,  1906 — Bahia  to  Rio  de  Janeiro  (diag.,  crit.);  IHERING,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  290,  1907 — Ubatuba  and  Iguap£,  Sao  Paulo;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  391,  1914 — part,  Para  localities,  Rio  Tocantins, 
Rio  Xingti,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  100,  1920 — Bahia. 

Myiobius  mastacalis  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  20,  1922 — Brazil,  from 
the  Amazon  and  Madeira  River  south  to  Sao  Paulo  and  east  to  Bahia  (monog., 
full  bibliography). 

Range:  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  west  to  the  Rio  Madeira; 
south  to  the  headwaters  of  the  Rio  Roosevelt  in  northern  Matto  Grosso, 
and  through  Para,  Bahia,  and  Goyaz  along  the  east  coast  south  to  the 
littoral  of  Sao  Paulo  (Iguape*,  Ubatuba) a. 

Myiobius  barbatus  semiflavus  Toddb.  Rio  LEBRIJA  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  semiflavus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  114,  1919 — El  Tambor, 
Rio  Lebrija,  Santander,  Colombia  (type  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  35,  p.  27,  1922 
—El  Tambor. 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia,  in  State  of  Santander  (El  Tambor,  Rio 
Lebrija). 

*Myiobius  sulphureipygius  sulphureipygius  (Sclater).  SULPHUR-RUMPED 
MYIOBIUS. 

Tyrannula  sulphureipygia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  296,  Jan.  1857 
— Cordova,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Myiobius  citrinopygus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  67,  footnote,  1859 — 
new  name  for  Tyrannula  sulphureipygia  SCLATER. 

a  This  form  apparently  ranges,  along  the  south  bank  of  the  Amazon,  to  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira.  Specimens  from  Amazonia  average  slightly  paler  below 
(with  less  shading  of  old  gold  on  chest  and  sides),  thus  bridging  the  gap  between 
mastacalis,  as  represented  by  a  series  from  eastern  Brazil,  and  barbatus  of  the  north 
bank  of  the  river.  Taken  as  a  whole,  they  are,  however,  decidedly  nearer  to  mastacalis. 

Material  examined. — Sao  Paulo:  Ubatuba  i.  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Rio  i,  Registre  do 
Sai  i,  Novo  Friburgo  i.  Bahia  6.  Goyaz:  Fazenda  Esperanca  2.  Para  district 
(various  localities)  9;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  i. 

b  Myiobius  barbatus  semiflavus  TODD:  Nearest  to  M.  b.  barbatus,  but  much  more 
brightly  colored;  rump  pale  lemon  rather  than  Martius  yellow;  under  parts  much 
yellower,  the  throat  Martius  yellow  instead  of  colonial  buff,  breast  and  sides  washed 
with  pyrite  yellow  rather  than  citrine.  Wing  (male)  65-67,  (female)  62-63 ;  tail  54-56, 
(female)  51 -53- 

Material  examined. — Colombia:   El  Tambor  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  237 

Myiobius  sulphureipygius  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  200,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-k,  Cordova  (Mexico),  Cozumel  Isl.,  Yucatan,  British  Honduras, 
Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  57,  1889 — 
part,  Mexican,  Guatemalan,  and  British  Honduras  references  and  localities. 

Myiobius  xanthopygus  sulphureipygius  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part 
4,  p.  490,  1907 — part,  Mexico,  Guatemala,  and  British  Honduras. 

Myiobius  sulphureipygius  sulphureipygius  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  P-  27, 
1922 — Mexico,  Guatemala,  and  British  Honduras  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco,  and 
Yucatan),  Guatemala,  and  British  Honduras. 

2:     Mexico  (unspecified  i);  Guatemala  (unspecified  i). 

*Myiobius  sulphureipygius  aureatus   Bangs*.     SOUTHERN  SULPHUR- 
RUMPED  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  xanthopygus  aureatus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  4,  p.  27, 
1908 — Divala,  Chiriqui. 

Myiobius  sulphureipygius  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  200,  1888 — part,  spec.  1-s,  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Chiriqui; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  57,  1889 — part,  from 
Nicaragua  south  to  the  Truando. 

Myiobius  xanthopygus  sulphureipygius  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part 
4,  p.  490,  1907 — part,  Honduras  to  Panama. 

Myiobius  xanthopygius  aureatus  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  707,  1910 
— Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Myiobius  vttlosus  (not  of  SCLATER)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  488,  1898 — Chimbo 
and  Cachavi;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  10,  1899 — Rio  Peripa. 

Myiobius  sulphureipygius  vittosus  (not  of  SCLATER)  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1911,  p.  1135 — N6vita,  Colombia. 

Myiobius  sulphureipygius  aureatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  466,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Choc6,  Baudo,  N6vita,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  San 
Jos6,  and  Barbacoas,  Colombia;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  29,  1922 
— Honduras  to  Colombia  and  Ecuador  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  BANGS 
and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  218,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo,  Rio 
Esnape,  and  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Honduras,  south  through  Nicaragua, 
Costa  Rica,  and  Panama,  and  Pacific  Colombia  to  western  Ecuador 
(as  far  south  as  Prov.  Guayas). 

•  Myiobius  sulphureipygius  aureatus  BANGS  :  Differs  from  M .  s.  sulphureipygius  by 
paler  ochraceous  color  of  breast  and  sides,  and  brighter  as  well  as  more  extensive 
yellow  abdominal  area. 

Material  examined. — Nicaragua  2;  Costa  Rica  17;  Chiriqui,  Panama  3.  Colom- 
bia: Baudo  i,  N6vita  r,  Chocd  i.  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Lita  4,  Paramba  i, 
Bulun  i,  Cachyjacu  2;  Chimbo  i. 


238  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

12:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  2);  Costa  Rica  (Bo- 
ruca  3,  Pozo  Azul  i,  El  General  i);  Panama  (Bogava,  Chiriqui  i); 
Colombia  (Choc6  i,  Baudo  i);  Ecuador  (1/ita  i,  Chimbo  i). 

Myiobius  villosus  villosus  Sclater*.   HAIRY  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  villosus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  93, 1860 — part,  Nanegal,  Ecuador 
(type  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  201,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a,  c,  d,  f-i,  Nanegal,  Ecuador,  Frontino,  Bogota;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  706 — "Gualea"  =  Mindo  (spec,  examined);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g6og. 
Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  p.  656,  1911 — Mindo;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  465,  1917 — Cocal  and  Ricaurte,  western  Colombia. 

Myiobius  villosus  villosus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  31,  1922 — Andes  of 
Colombia  and  Ecuador  (monog.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Western  Andes;  Bogota; 
Rio  Negro,  Boyaca)  and  western  Ecuador  (Mindo,  Nanegal). 

*Myiobius  villosus  peruvianus  Toddb.   PERUVIAN  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  villosus  peruvianus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  32,  1922 — Rio 
Tavara,  southeastern  Peiu. 

Myiobius  villosus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  615 
— Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — Huambo;  idem,  Orn.  Pe>., 
2,  p.  299,  1884 — Amable  Maria  and  Huambo,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BER- 
LEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  91 — Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  201,  1888 — part,  spec,  b,  e,  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  113,  1906 — Rio  Cadena,  Marcapata, 
Peru;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — Perico,  Peru. 

Myiobius  xanthopygius  (not  of  SPIX)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  537 — 
Amable  Maria,  Peru. 

Range:    Upper  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  eastern  Ecuador, 
eastern  Peru,  and  western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz). 
3:    Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept.  Hudnuco  3). 

a  Myiobius  villosus  villosus  SCLATER,  in  spite  of  its  close  resemblance,  appears  to 
be  specifically  distinct  from  M.  s.  aureatus  which  it  evidently  replaces  in  the  Sub- 
tropical Zone.  Compared  with  its  ally,  it  is  larger  and  much  darker  above,  while  the 
orange  pectoral  area  is  much  duller  (about  light  orange-citrine)  and  much  more  ex- 
tensive, leaving  only  the  upper  throat  and  the  center  of  the  abdomen  pale  yellow. 
A  single  Bogota  skin  differs  from  the  others  by  much  brighter  breast. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Mindo  2,  Nanegal  i.  Colombia:  Bogota  i,  near 
Pavas,  Western  Andes  2. 

b  Myiobius  villosus  peruvianus  TODD:  Similar  to  M.  v.  villosus,  but  back  some- 
what duller  greenish;  rump  paler,  about  baryta  yellow;  breast  much  duller,  old  gold 
rather  than  orange-citrine,  and  middle  of  abdomen  decidedly  paler  yellow.  Wing 
(male)  69-72,  (female)  67-68;  tail  59-62,  (female)  59-60. 

Two  birds  from  eastern  Ecuador  were  found  to  agree  with  one  from  Rio  Cadena, 
Peru. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Machay  i,  Mapoto  i,  "Rio  Napo"  i.  Peru: 
Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  3;  Rio  Cadena,  Dept.  Cuzco  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  239 

Myiobius  atricaudus  atricaudus  Lawrence*.   BLACK-TAILED  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  atricaudus  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  5,  p.  183,  1863 — Isthmus  of  Panama. 

Myiobius  barbatus  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  514 — 
Santa  Elena,  Antioquia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  199,  1888 — part, 
subsp.  atricauda,  spec,  a-e,  i,  Calovevora  (Veragua),  Panama,  Remedies; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  56,  1889 — part,  Costa 
Rica,  Panama,  Colombia. 

Myiobius  barbatus  atricaudus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  642,  1906 — part,  Paraiso  Station,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  488,  1907 — part,  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  and  Colom- 
bia; CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  465,  1917 — Dabeiba, 
Caldas,  Barbacoas,  Rio  Frio,  and  Malena,  Colombia;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  708,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41, 
p.  317,  1924 — Rio  Algarroba,  Panama. 

Myiobius  atricaudus  atricaudus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  35,  1922 — 
part,  Costa  Rica  to  Colombia;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  218,  1922 — Jesusito,  Darien. 

Myiobius  barbatus  atricauda  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca  and  Pozo  del 
Rio  Grande,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Southwestern  Costa  Rica  (north  to  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya), 
south  through  Panama  to  Colombia  (Pacific  coast  down  to  Barbacoas; 
Cauca  Valley;  upper  Magdalen  a  Valley). 

Myiobius  atricaudus  stiff usus  Toddb.   MAGDALENA  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  modestus  su/usus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  30,  p-4,  1917 — Turbaco, 

near  Carthagena,  Colombia. 
Myiobius  atricaudus  suffusus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  34,  1922 — 

Valley  of  the  Sinu  east  to  the  middle  Rio  Magdalena  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Colombia,  from  the  Rio  Sinu  east  to  the  middle 
stretches  of  the  Rio  Magdalena,  in  states  of  Bolivar  and  Magdalena 

*Myiobius  atricaudus  portovelae  Chapman0.    PORTO  VELO  MYIOBIUS. 

a  I  now  agree  with  Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd  that  M.  atricaudus  and  its  races  are  specifi- 
cally distinct  from  M.  barbatus.  Its  chief  characters  are  the  much  more  rounded  tail 
and  different  proportions,  the  tail  being  equal  to,  instead  of  much  shorter  than,  the 
wing. 

b  Myiobius  atricaudus  suffusus  TODD:  "Similar  to  M.  a.  atricaudus,  but  under 
parts  paler  and  more  uniform,  with  less  buffy  suffusion  on  the  breast;  upper  surface 
also  slightly  paler."  (Todd,  I.e.). 

This  race,  unknown  to  us,  is  apparently  of  doubtful  validity  since  the  author  him- 
self, in  a  later  communication,  considers  it  barely  recognizable. 

8  Myiobius  atricaudus  portovelae  CHAPMAN  :  Extremely  similar  to  M .  a.  atricaudus, 
but  upper  parts  very  slightly  browner ;  lower  surface  deeper,  richer  yellow,  throat  and 
chest  tinged  with  olive-ochre  rather  than  with  ecru-olive. 

A  very  unsatisfactory  race  whose  range  can  hardly  be  defined.  While  birds  from 
the  Guayaquil  district,  when  compared  with  a  series  from  Costa  Rica  and  Panama, 
differ  as  stated  above,  those  from  Prov.  Esmeraldas  are  so  variously  intermediate  that 


240  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiobius  atricaudus  portovelae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  3,  1924 — 

Porto  Velo,  Prov.  El  Oro,  Ecuador. 
Myiobius  barbatus  (not  of  GMELIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  282,  1860— 

Babahoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  295,  1860 — Esmeraldas;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877, 

P-  332 — Palmal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  199,  1888 — part,  subsp. 

atricauda,  spec,  f-h,  Esmeraldas,  Babahoyo;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 

Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  10,  1899 — Rio  Peripa. 
Myiobius  barbatus  atricaudus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  KL 

Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  642,  1906 — part,  San  Javier  and  Pambilar, 

Ecuador;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74,  1922 — below 

Nanegal  and  Gualea. 
Myiobius  atricaudus  atricaudus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  35,  1922 — 

part,  Ecuadorian  references  and  localities. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  (from  Esmeraldas  south- 
ward) and  northern  Peru  (south  to  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin). 

5:  Ecuador  (Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i;  Chimbo  i);  Peru 
(Moyobamba  2;  Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  i). 

Myiobius  atricaudus  modestus  Todd*.   ORINOCAN  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  modestus  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  8,  p.  207,  1912 — Upata,  foot  of 
Sierra  Imataca,  Terr.  Yuruari  (type),  San  Felix,  and  Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco, 
Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  242,  1916 — Caicara 
and  Rio  San  Feliz,  Venezuela. 

Myiobius  barbatus  atricaudus  ?  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  49,  1902 — Caicara,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Southern  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley,  east  to  the  Sierra 
Imataca). 

*Myiobius  atricaudus  snethlagei  subsp.  nov. b    SNETHLAGE'S  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  barbatus  mastacalis  (not  of  WIED)  REISER,  Dents,  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  75,  1910 — Lake  Parnagud  and  Santa  Philomena, 
Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

it  is  practically  impossible  to  draw  a  line  against  the  northern  atricaudus.     Three 
birds  from  Peru  are  strongly  tinged  with  honey  yellow  on  throat  and  chest. 
Nineteen  specimens  from  western  Ecuador  and  three  from  Peru  examined. 

•  Myiobius  atricaudus  modestus  TODD:  Very  close  to  M.  a.  portovelae,  but  back 
rather  paler  and  greener  (dull  citrine  instead  of  dark  citrine);  rump  deeper 
yellow  (barium  or  citron  yellow  instead  of  napthalene  yellow) ;  the  olive  ochre  tinge  on 
under  parts  paler  and  more  restricted.  Wing  58-62,  (female)  57-58;  tail  58-62; 
bill  ic-ii. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Caicara  2,  Altagracia  i,  San  Felix  2,  Upata  2. 

b  Myiobius  atricaudus  snethlagei  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Cod6 ,  Cocos,  State  of  Maranh&o,  Brazil,  in  Field  Museum  of  Nat- 
ural History.  Adult  male.  June  28,  1924.  H.  Snethlage,  No.  975. 

Adult. — Nearest  to  M.  atricaudus  modestus,  but  back  slightly  darker  (olive  citrine 
rather  than  dull  citrine);  rump  deeper  and  more  buffy  yellow  (baryta  yellow 


1 92 7.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  241 

"Myiobius  barbatus  (Gm.)  (atricaudus  Lawr.)"  (sic)  REISER,  I.e.,  p.  163,  1925, 
Piauhy. 

Range:     Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Piauhy  and  Maranhaoa. 
6:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Grajahu  i,  Codo,  Cocos  i,  BarradoCorda  i, 
Tranqueira  i,  Fazenda  Inhuma,  Alto  Parnahyba  2). 

Myiobius  ridgwayi  Berlepscfa.  RIDGWAY'S  MYIOBIUS. 

Myiobius  ridgwayi  BERLEPSCH,  Auk,  5,  p.  457,  1888 — Petropolis,  Prov.  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (type  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  643,  1906 — Ypanema,  Luiz  d'Almeida,  and  Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  (crit., 
diag.) ;  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  37, 1922 — southern  Brazil  (monog.). 

Myiobius  xanthopygius  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  113,  1868 — part, 
Ypanema  and  Luiz  d'Almeida,  Sao  Paulo. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Petropolis; 
Therezopolis  and  Colonia  Alpina,  Organ  Mountains)  and  Sao  Paulo 
(Ypanema,  Luiz  d'Almeida,  Victoria,  and  Fazenda  Cayod,  Salto  Grande 
do  Rio  Paranapanema) . 

Genus  MYIOTRICCUS  Ridgway. 

Myiotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  207,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Tyrannula  phoenicura  SCLATER. 

*Myiotriccus  ornatus  ornatus  (Lafresnaye).    YELLOW-RUMPED  MYIO- 
TRICCUS. 

Tyrannula  ornata  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  57,  1853 — "Colombia 
vel  Rio  Negro,"  we  suggest  Bogota;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854," 
p.  113,  pi.  66,  fig.  2,  April  1855 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota. 

instead  of  barium  or  citron  yellow);  under  parts  brighter,  varying  from  deep 
colonial  buff  to  amber  yellow,  without  any  olive  ochre  tinge  on  chest  or  sides; 
crissum  more  olivaceous,  less  buffy.  Wing  58-61,  (female)  54-56;  tail  58-60, 
(female)  56-59;  bill  9-11. 

Remarks. — This  bird,  as  recently  pointed  out  by  Reiser,  has  nothing  to  do 
with  M.  barbatus  mastacalis,  from  which  it  is  readily  distinguished  by  much  longer, 
strongly  rounded  tail,  much  more  greenish  back  with  deeper  yellow  rump,  and 
much  deeper  yellow  under  parts,  without  trace  of  old  gold  on  throat,  chest,  or 
flanks.  The  four  specimens  from  Piauhy  (d"  9  Lake  Missao.o"  Santa  Philomena,  $ 
Pedrinha)  in  the  Vienna  Museum  are  similar  to  our  own  series. 

B  Recent  reexamination  shows  the  specimen  from  Borba  listed  as  Myiobius  bar- 
batus by  Pelzeln  (Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  113,  1868)  and  referred  to  Myiobius  barbatus  bar- 
batus by  Hellmayr  (Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  642,  1906;  Nov. 
Zool.,  17,  p.  299, 1910)  to  be  a  member  of  the  atricaudus  group.  In  coloration  it  comes 
very  close  to  M.  a.  snethlagei,  but  is  much  larger  (wing  67;  tail  64). 

b  Myiobius  ridgwayi  BERLEPSCH  is  probably  conspecific  with  M.  atricaudus  and 
agrees  in  proportions  of  tail,  but  may  be  easily  distinguished  by  much  more  brownish 
upper  parts  and  deep  buff  yellow  rump  and  lower  surface.  Wing  (male)  59-61, 
(female)  55-57;  tail  61-65,  (female)  59-6i. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Petropolis  i,  Colonia  Alpina  2. 
Sao  Paulo:  Victoria  3,  Fazenda  Cayoa  i,  Ypanema  2,  Luiz  d'Almeida  i. 


242  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiobius  ornatus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  204,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-h, 
Bogotd. 

Myiotriccus  ornatus  ornatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  469, 
1917 — La  Frijolera  (lower  Cauca),  Fusugasugd,  Subia,  and  west  of  Honda. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Magdalena  Valley  and  lower 
Cauca)*. 

i:    Colombia  (Bogota  i). 

^Myiotriccus  ornatus  stellatus  (Cabanis)*.    CABANIS'S  MYIOTRICCUS. 

Myiobius  stellatus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  158, 1873 — "Ecuador,  coll.  Fraser" 
=  Pallatanga;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  557 — 
Chimbo  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  297 — Cayandeled  and  Pedregal;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  204,  1888 — Pallatanga;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  n,  1899 — Gualea  and  Guallabamba; 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Paramba  and  Lita,  northwestern  Ecua- 
dor; LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74,  1922 — road  to 
Gualea,  Nanegal,  Mindo. 

Myiobius  ornatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 
— Pallatanga;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  204,  1888 — part,  spec,  i, 
"Pasto";  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  706 — Santo  Domingo  and  Gualea. 

Myiobius  ornatus  stellatus  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gebg.  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat., 
9,  p.  656,  1911 — Santo  Domingo,  Gualea,  and  Mirador,  Ecuador. 

Myiotriccus  ornatus  stellatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  469, 
1917 — Choc6,  N6vita  Trail,  Gallera,  Cocal,  and  Buena vista  (Narifio), 
Colombia. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Pacific  Colombia  (north  to  Choc6)  and 
western  Ecuador. 

2:    Ecuador  (Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i;  Chimbo  i). 

Myiotriccus  ornatus  phoenicurus   (Sclater)*.    RUFOUS-TAILED   MYIO- 
TRICCUS. 

'Material  examined. — Colombia:   Bogotd  n. 

b  Myiotriccus  ornatus  stellatus  (CABANIS)  :  Similar  to  M.  o.  ornatus,  but  much 
smaller  (wing  53-59,  against  62-66) ;  white  on  forehead  more  restricted  and  often 
interrupted  in  the  middle;  extreme  base  of  tail  yellowish. 

Birds  from  northwestern  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas)  agree  with  M.  o.  ornatus  in 
coloration  of  under  parts,  but  three  from  Chimbo  have  the  belly  decidedly  richer  yel- 
low with  much  less  greenish  suffusion  on  the  chest.  According  to  Chapman  (I.e., 
p.  469),  specimens  from  Pacific  Colombia  resemble  those  from  Esmeraldas  which  are 
probably  separable  as  a  distinct  race. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Paramba  4,  Lita  3,  Cachyjacu 
2;  Chimbo  3. 

c  Myiotriccus  ornatus  phoenicurus  (SCLATER)  principally  differs  from  its  western 
ally  (stellatus)  by  wholly  rufous  tail,  besides  some  minor  characters. 
Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Sarayacu  2,  Mapoto  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  243 

Tyrannula  phoenicura  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  22,  "1854,"  P-  II3.  pi-  66,  fig.  i, 
April  1855 — Quixos,  Ecuador. 

Myiobius  phoenicunis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  70,  1858 — Rio  Napo; 
TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  91 — Mapoto;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  205,  1888 — Rio  Napo  and  Sarayacu. 

Myiotriccus  phoenicurus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  470, 
1917 — eastern  slope  of  Eastern  Andes  below  Andalucia,  Colombia. 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Mapoto)  and 
southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta). 

Myiotriccus  ornatus  aureiventris  (Sclater*)*.    GOLDEN-BELLIED  MYIO- 
TRICCUS. 

Myiobius  aureiventris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1873,"  p.  780, 782, 1879 — Cosnipata, 
Dept.  Cuzco,  Peru;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  205,  1888 — Cosnipata; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  113,  1906 — Huaynapata  and  Rio 
Cadena,  Marcapata. 

Myiobius  phoenicurus  (not  of  SCLATER  1855)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p. 
1 86 — Cosnipata;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  538 — Monterico,  Ayacucho; 
idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  302,  1884 — Monterico. 

Myiobius  phoenicurus  aureiventris  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  58,  1920 — San  Gaban  and  Chaquimayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya  (crit.). 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  southern  Peru,  in  depts.  Ayacucho  (Mon- 
terico), Cuzco  (Marcapata),  and  Puno  (Carabaya). 

Genus  PYRRHOMYIAS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Pyrrhomyias  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  66,  1859 — type  by  subs, 
desig.  (SCLATER,  1888)  Pyrrhomyias  heinei  CABANIS  and  HEINE  =  Muscicapa 
(Tyrannula}  vieillotioides  LAFRESNAYE. 

Pyrrhomyias  vieillotioides  vieillotioides  (Lafresnaye).  VIEILLOT'S  FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Muscicapa  (Tyrannula)  vieillotioides  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  n,  p.  174,  1848 — 
Caracas,  Venezuela. 

Pyrrhomyias  heinei  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  66,  1859 — Caracas. 

Myiobius  vieillotides  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Carip6, 
Bermudez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  202,  1888 — part,  spec,  b-e, 
Caripe",  Caracas,  Venezuela. 

a  Myiotriccus  ornatus  aureiventris  (SCLATER)  :  Very  close  to  M .  o.  phoenicurus, 
but  back  slightly  paler  green ;  gray  of  throat  lighter  and  farther  extended  abdominally ; 
chest  somewhat  paler  greenish.  Wing  62-66 >£ ;  tail  48-52. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Marcapata,  alt.  1000  metr.,  Dept.  Cuzco  5;  Chaqui- 
mayo 2,  San  Gaban,  Dept.  Puno  (Carabaya)  2. 


244  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiobius  vieillotioides  vieillotioides  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78, 
A,  Heft  5,  p.  83,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez 
west  to  Lara  (Mountains  near  Bucarito,  Tocuyo)a. 

Pyrrhomyias  vieillotioides  assimilis  (Allen) b.   ALLEN'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  assimilis  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  144,  190x3 — Val- 
paraiso, Santa  Marta  Mountains. 

Myiobius  vieillotoides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  125 
— San  Sebastian;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  202,  1888 — part,  spec,  a, 
San  Sebastian. 

Myiobius  vieillotioides  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  176,  1898 — San 
Francisco. 

Pyrrhomyias  vieillotioides  assimilis  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
P-  354.  1922 — La  Concepcion,  Santa  Cruz,  San  Miguel,  Chirua,  Palomina, 
Las  Nubes,  Cincinnati,  Las  Vegas,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Minca,  Santa  Marta 
region. 

Range:  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zone  of  Santa  Marta  Moun- 
tains, northern  Colombia. 

*Pyrrhomyias  cinnamomea  cinnamomea  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
CINNAMON-COLORED  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscipeta  cinnamomea  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  49,  1837 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscipeta  vieillotii  D'ORBIGNY,  Voy.  Ame"r.  Mend.,  Ois.,  p.  321,  pi.  34,  fig.  i, 
1839 — new  name  for  Muscipeta  cinnamomea  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY0. 

Myiobius  cinnamomeus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  186 — Cosni- 
pata,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  537 — Maraynioc  and  Pumamarca, 
Peru;  idem,  l.c.,  1879,  p.  235 — Tambillo,  Peru;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1879,  p.  615 — Simacu,  Yungas,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — 
Huambo,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  299,  1884 — Peruvian  localities;  SCLATER 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  202,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  m-p,  Bolivia,  Cosnipata, 
Simacu;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  86,  1889 — "Mapiri,"  Boli- 

•  Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Bermudez:    Caripe"   i;  Dept.  Federal  Occi- 
dental, Silla  de  Caracas  2,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  8;  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo 
5;  Mts.  near  Bucarito,  Tocuyo,  Lara  2. 

b  Pyrrhomyias  vieillotioides  assimilis  (ALLEN)  :  Differs  from  P.  v.  vieillotioides  in 
much  more  rufous  coloration,  the  pileum  and  back  lacking  the  dark  brown  tinge; 
brighter,  more  cinnamomeous  rump  band;  uniform  tawny  upper  tail-coverts,  and 
by  the  dusky  tail  markings  being  reduced  to  an  indistinct  subapical  zone. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  El  Libano  i,  Valparaiso  3,  Santa  Marta 
Mountains  i. 

•  Considered  to  be  untenable  on  account  of  Muscicapa  cinnamomea  VIEILLOT 
(Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  21,  p.  450,  1818 — Cayenne);  =  Muscicapa  cin- 
namomea GMELIN  (Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  937,  1789 — Cayenne). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  245 

via;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  366 — Garita  del  Sol, 
Vitoc;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  89,  1906 — Idma,  Urubamba,  Peru;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  186,  1902;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — 
La  Hoyada,  Tucuman. 

Myiobius  cinnamomeus  cinnamomeus  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — 
Tabaconas,  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  57,  1920 — 
Chuhuasi,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  96,  1921 — Idma,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  and  Torontoy,  Peru. 

Pyrrhomyias  cinnamomea  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  343,  1910 — 
La  Hoyada,  Tucumdn. 

Pyrrhomyias  cinnamomea  cinnamomea  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  178,  1925 — 
Yungas  of  Bolivia  (note  on  type). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucu- 
man), Bolivia,  and  Perua. 

4:  Peru  (Vista  Alegre  2,  Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  i;  Mountains 
east  of  Balsas,  Dept.  Amazonas  i). 

*Pyrrhomyias  cinnamomea  pyrrhoptera  (Hartlaub)b.    NORTHERN  CIN- 
NAMON-COLORED FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  pyrrhopterus  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  289,  1843 — "Nouvelle  Gren- 
ade" =  Bogota. 

Tyrannula  cinnamomea  (not  Muscipeta  cinnamomea  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota. 

Myiobius  cinnamomeus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  554,  1858 — Pinipi,  near 
Riobamba,  Ecuador;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  514— Concordia  and 
Santa  Elena,  Colombia;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  91 — 
Mapoto,  Machay,  Banos,  and  San  Rafael,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  202,  1888 — part,  spec,  c-1,  Bogotd,  Santa  Elena,  Jima  and  Pinipi, 
Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  u, 
1899 — Pun,  Ecuador;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  706 — Papallacta,  Ecuador; 
L6NNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74,  1922 — Baeza,  road  to 
Napo. 

Myiobius  cinnamomeus  pyrrhopterus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  467,  1917 — numerous  localities  in  all  three  ranges  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia 
(crit.). 

a  Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Yungas  (type)  i,  Cillutincara  i,  San  Jacinto  3. 
Peru:  Chuhuasi,  Dept.  Puno  i;  Garita  del  Sol,  Dept.  Junin  i;  Dept.  Huanuco 
(Vista  Alegre  and  Huachipa)  3;  Dept.  Amazonas,  San  Pedro  i,  Mts.  east  of  Balsas  i. 

b  Pyrrhomyias  cinnamomea  pyrrhoptera  (HARTLAUB)  :  Very  similar  to  P.  c.  cin- 
namomea, but  smaller;  pale  rump  band  narrower;  rufous  wing-band  more  extensive, 
beginning  on  the  outer  web  of  the  sixth  or  seventh  (instead  of  on  the  ninth)  primary'; 
abdomen  somewhat  darker.  Wing  (male)  67-69  (against  71-75). 

While  birds  from  Colombia  are  fairly  distinguishable  from  those  of  Bolivia  and 
southern  Peru  (Junin  and  southwards),  the  gap  between  the  two  series  is  completely 
bridged  in  northern  Peru  (depts.  Huanuco  and  Amazonas).  A  single  male  from 
Ecuador  (San  Rafael)  appears  to  be  identical  with  Bogotd,  skins. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  9,  Santa  Elena  i,  San  Antonio  i, 
Cerro  Munchique  i ;  Paramo  de  Tama  i.  Ecuador:  San  Rafael  i. 


246  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  range) 
and  Ecuador. 

3 :  Colombia  (Cerro  Munchique,  west  of  Popayan  i ;  San  Antonio, 
Cauca  i ;  Paramo  de  Tama,  Santander  i). 

Genus  MYIOPHOBUS  Reichenbach. 

Myiophobus  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  67,  1850 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(Gray,  1855,  p.  49)  Muscicapa  ferruginea  SWAINSON  =  Muscicapa  fascia  ta 
MULLER. 

Empidochanes  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  228,  1862 — new  name  for 
Myiophobtis  CABANIS  and  HEINE*;  type  (present  designation)  Muscicapa 
fasciata  MULLER. 

^Myiophobus  flavicans  flavicans  (Sclater).  YELLOWISH  FLYCATCHER. 
Myiobius  flavicans  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  464,  1860 — Pallatanga  (type) 
and  Bogota;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  227,  1862 — same  localities; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  514 — Santa  Elena,  Colombia; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  297 — Cayandeled,  Surupata,  and 
Pedregal,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  205,  pi.  17,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-m,  Pallatanga,  "Quito,"  Intac,  Santa  Elena,  Bogota;  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  n,  1899 — Niebli,  Ecuador; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  191 1,  p.  706 — Pichincha  and  Papallacta;  MENEGAUX, 
Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  M6rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  657,  1911 — Santo  Domingo; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  467,  1917 — San  Antonio,  Cerro 
Munchique,  La  Florida,  Cocal,  Gallera,  Salento,  Santa  Elena,  Tochecito, 
Rio  Toch6,  El  Eden,  Fusugasuga,  and  El  Roble,  Colombia,  and  Zaruma, 
Prov.  El  Oro,  Ecuador;  LGNNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74, 
1922 — Niebli. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  range) 
and  Ecuador b. 

3:  Colombia  (La  Florida,  west  of  Popayan  i,  El  Roble,  above 
Fusugasuga  i,  "Bogota"  i). 

Myiophobus  flavicans  venezuelanus  (Hellmayr)*.  GALIPAN  FLYCATCHER. 

•  Myiophobus  CABANIS  and  HEINE  (Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  69,  1859)  comprises  M. 
olivus  Bodd.,  an  unidentifiable  species  (based  on  Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  574,  fig.  2), 
and  M.  naevius  ( =  Muscicapa  fasciata  MULLER).  No  type  appears  to  have  been 
designated,  since  Sclater's  later  action  (Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  216,  1888)  in  select- 
ing Empidochanes  fringillaris  PELZ.  1868  is  inadmissible. 

b  Specimens  from  Colombia  differ  from  four  Ecuadorian  ones  by  larger  size,  purer 
green  (less  tawny)  upper  parts,  and  lighter  yellow  lower  surface,  with  less  olivaceous 
shading  on  the  chest.  In  the  last-named  point,  they  form  the  transition  to  the 
Venezuelan  race. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Cayandeled  2,  Pedregal  i,  Nanegal  i.  Colombia: 
Bogota  1 8,  Santa  Elena  i,  La  Florida  i,  El  Roble  i. 

0  Myiophobus  flavicans  venezuelanus  (HELLMAYR)  :  Similar  to  M.  f.  flavicans,  but 
coronal  patch  of  male  smaller,  by  reason  of  the  longer  greenish  tips  partly  concealed, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  247 

Myiobius  flavicans  venezuelanus  HELLMAYR,  Anzeiger  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  3,  p.  16, 

1920 — Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila,  Venezuela. 
M yiobius  flawcans  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870, 

p.  781 — Merida;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  205,  1888 — part,  spec,  n, 

Aragua;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  83,  1912 — 

Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez 
to  Me"rida. 

Myiophobus     flavicans     superciliosus     (Taczanojivski)*.       YELLOW- 
BROWED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  superciliosus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  538 — Ropaybamba, 
Dept.  Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — Cococh6,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  206,  1888 — Cococh6;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  481,  1907  (crit.). 
Myiobius  superciliaris  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  306,  1884 — Ropaybamba 
and  Cococh6. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru  (Cococh6,  Dept.  Amazonas; 
Ropaybamba,  Dept.  Junin). 

Myiophobus   phoenicomitra   phoenicomitra    (Taczanowski   and    Ber- 

lepsch)b.   ORANGE-CRESTED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  phoenicomitra  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  91 — Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  206,  1888 — 
Mapoto. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Mapoto). 

Myiophobus  phoenicomitra  litae  ( Harterf)0.  WESTERN  ORANGE-CRESTED 
FLYCATCHER. 

and  always  golden-yellow  (never  orange);  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  pileum 
lighter;  under  parts  clearer  yellow,  particularly  on  throat  and  abdomen,  and  much 
less  shaded  with  greenish  on  chest.  Wing  (male)  65-69,  (female)  61-63^;  tail  54^- 
58^,  (female)  49-54;  bill  11-12. 

Material  examined. — Bermudez:  Carip6  2.  Dept.  Federal  Occidental:  Loma 
Redonda  i,  Silla  de  Caracas  3,  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  28.  Carabobo:  Cumbre  de 
Valencia  4. 

a  Myiophobus  flavicans  superciliosus  (TACZANOWSKI),  which  we  have  not  seen,  is 
described  as  similar  to  M .  f.  flavicans,  but  differing  by  purer  olive  green  upper  parts, 
olivaceous  instead  of  ochraceous-buff  wing  bands,  less  distinct  yellowish  superciliaries, 
and  lighter  (citron  yellow)  coronal  patch  of  the  male.  Wing  (male)  67,  (female)  62 ; 
tail  55-56. 

According  to  the  late  Count  Berlepsch,  it  is  a  poorly  segregated  race. 

b  Myiophobus  phoenicomitra  phoenicomitra  (TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH), 
inTspite  of  its  close  resemblance  to,  appears  to  be  specifically  distinct  from,  M. 
flavicans.  It  is  darker,  greener  above  and  much  paler  (sulphur)  yellow  below,  while 
both  sexes  hfcve  a  well-developed  orange-cinnamon  coronal  patch,  smaller  in  the 
female. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:    Mapoto  2. 

e  Myiophobus  phoenicomitra  litae  (HARTERT)  :  Very  close  to  the  typical  race,  but 
coronal  patch  of  male  golden-yellow,  either  uniform  or  mixed  with  orange-red;  wing- 


248  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiobius  litae  HARTERT,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  n,  p.  40,  1900 — Lita,  northwestern  Ecua- 
dor (type  in  Tring  Museum  examined);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — 
Lita  and  Cachyjacu,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  468,  1917 — N6vita  Trail,  Colombia. 

Range:  Northwestern  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas)  and  western 
Colombia  (N6vita  Trail). 

Myiophobus  pulcher  pulcher  (Sclater).   HANDSOME  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  pulcher  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  464,  1860 — Ecuador  =  Quito; 

idem,  l.c.,  1866,  p.  100,  pi.  n,  fig.  2;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  207, 

1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  vicinity  of  Quito  and  Intac,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and 

FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  1 1,  1899 — Gualea  and  Nanegal; 

GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  706 — same  localities;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL, 

Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74, 1922 — road  to  Nanegal. 
Elainea  ferrugineiceps  PELZELN,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  32,  p.  447,  1882 — 

Ecuador  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21, 

p.  174,  I9H  (crit.). 
Myiobius  pulcher  pulcher  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  468,  1917 

— Gallera  and  Cocal,  Western  Andes  of  Colombia. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Western  Ecuador  and  Western  Andes  of 
Colombia. 

Myiophobus  pulcher  bellus  (Sclater)*.  BEAUTIFUL  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  bellus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1862,  p.  in — Bogota;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  14,  p.  207,  1888 — Bogota. 
Myiobius  pulcher  bellus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  175,  1914 — Bogotd  (crit.); 

CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  468,  1917 — Aguadita  and  El 

Roble,  Colombia. 
Myiophobus  pulcher   bellus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.    Mus.  N.  H.,  55,   p.  520, 

1926 — Baeza,  Ecuador. 

Range :  Subtropical  Zone  of  Eastern  Ecuador  and  Eastern  Andes 
of  Colombia. 

Myiophobus    ochraceiventris    (Cabanis)b.     OCHREOUS-BELLIED    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

bands  wider  and  more  ochraceous;  abdomen  richer  yellow;  size  smaller.    Wing 
(male)  60-62,  (female)  56;  tail  50-53,  (female)  47 >£;  bill  lo-n. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Lita  (including  the  type)  4, 
Cachyjacu  r. 

»  Myiophobus  pulcher  bellus  (SCLATER)  :  Very  similar  to  M.  p.  pulcher,  but  some- 
what darker,  more  brownish  olive  above,  with  ochraceous  (instead  of  buff)  wing- 
bands;  chest  washed  with  orange-fulvous;  size  larger.  Wing  55-60  (against  50-54). 

Seven  Bogotd  skins  compared  with  four  from  Quito  (pulcher). 

b  Mitrephorus  ochraceiventris  CABANIS  is  certainly  out  of  place  in  Mitrephanes  and 
seems  to  be  more  nearly  related  to  M .  pulcher,  though  differing  from  the  members  of 
the  genus  Myiophobus  by  its  much  longer  tail,  besides  other  structural  details. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Maraynioc  i.  Bolivia:  Tilotilo  i,  Sandillani,  alt. 
2500  metr.,  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  249 

Mitrephorus  ochraceivenlris  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  320,  1873 — Maraynioc, 
Peru  (descr.  juv.);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  538 — Maraynioc; 
idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  315,  1884 — Maraynioc. 

Myiobius  subochraceus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  50 — Tilotilo,  Yungas  of 
La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  208,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  a,  Tilotilo;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  481,  1907  (crit.). 

Mitrephanes  ochraceiventris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  220,  1888  (ex 
CABANIS);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  367 — Maray- 
nioc. 

Myiobius  ochraceiventer  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  97,  1921 — Idma, 
Urubamba,  Peru. 

(?)  Myiobius  pulcher  (not  of  SCLATER  1860)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  780 
— Huasampilla,  Peru;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  207,  1888 — part,  spec, 
e,  Huasampilla. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  Peru  (in  depts.  Junin  and  Cuzco)  and 
western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz). 

*Myiophobus  rufescens  (Salvadori).  RUFESCENT  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  rufescens  SALVADOR:,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  p.  152,  1864 — "Brazil"; 

SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  174 — Tambo  Valley,  south  of 

Islay,  Dept.  Arequipa,  Peru  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  538 — Lima; 

idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  235 — Pacasmayo;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Chepen;  idem, 

Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  303,  1884 — Lima,  Guadalupe,  Chepen,  Pacasmayo,  Paucal; 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  204,  1888 — Lima  and  Tambo  Valley,  Peru; 

BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  380 — Lima  (egg  descr.). 
Myiobius  nationi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  100,  pi.  n,  fig.  i — vicinity  of 

Lima,  Peru. 

Range:  Littoral  and  lower  Pacific  slopes  of  the  Andes  in  Peru, 
from  Dept.  Libertad  (Guadalupe,  Pacasmayo)  south  to  the  Tambo 
Valley,  Dept.  Arepiqua. 

10:  Peru  (Menocucho  2,  Trujillo,  Dept.  Libertad  i;  Callao  i, 
Santa  Eulalia  5,  Chosica,  Dept.  Lima  i). 

*Myiophobus  fasciatus  flammiceps  (Temminck')*-    SOUTHERN  BANDED 
FLYCATCHER. 

*  Myiophobus  fasciatus  flammiceps  (TEMMINCK)  :  Similar  to  M.  f.  fasciatus,  but 
somewhat  larger,  and  upper  parts  on  average  more  rufous. 

The  difference  in  size  is  quite  noticeable  when  specimens  from  southern  Brazil 
(Goyaz,  Rio,  Sao  Paulo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul)  and  Argentina  are  compared  with  typical 
fasciatus,  of  Guiana  and  Venezuela.  In  northeastern  Brazil  (from  Bahia  northward), 
however,  a  gradual  decrease  takes  place,  and  while  certain  examples  are  fully  as 
large  as  those  from  the  south,  others,  in  measurements,  hardly  exceed  Guianan  skins. 
In  coloration  they  agree  with  the  southern  bird.  For  measurements  see  Nov.  Zool., 
32,  p.  177,  1925. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Buenos  Aires  (Quilmes,  Flores,  Barracas  al  Sud) 
6 ;  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  i ;  Ocampo,  Santa  Fe"  i ;  Tucuman  7 ;  Oran,  Salta  i .  Bolivia : 
Prov.  del  Sara  3,  Yuracares  i,  Yungas  i.  Brazil:  S§o  Paulo  6,  Rio  de  Janeiro  3, 
Goyaz  6,  Bahia  8,  Ceara  i,  Maranhao  7,  Para  i. 


250  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscicapa  flammiceps  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  24,  pi.  144,  fig.  3, 
July  1822 — "Bresil,"  we  suggest  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Pipra  brunnea  THUNBERG,  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  P£tersb.,  8,  p.  286,  1822 — Brazil 
(type  in  Upsala  Museum  examined;  =  juv.)a. 

Platyrhynchus  chrysoceps  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  10,  pi.  n,  fig.  2,  1825 — Brazil,  no 
locality  specified  (type  lost). 

Muscipeta  chrysoceps  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  940,  1831 — Rio  de 

Janeiro. 

Tyr annula  ferruginea  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Drawings,  Part  5,  pi.  53,  1837 — Brazil. 

Myiobius  auriceps  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  47,  1839 — 
Buenos  Aires. 

Muscipeta  virgata  (not  Muscicapa  virgata  GMELIN)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY, 
Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  49,  1837 — Yuracares,  Yungas,  Chi- 
quitos,  Moxos  (Bolivia),  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  ex- 
amined); D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  320,  1839 — Rio  de  Janei- 
ro, Moxos,  Chiquitos,  Yungas;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  486, 
1856 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio  and  Congonhas,  Minas  Geraes. 

Myiobius  naevius  (not  Muscicapa  naevia  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  114,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema,  and  Cuyaba  (spec,  examined); 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  142— Conchitas;  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  332 — Lagoa  Santa  and  Tejuco, 
near  Uberaba,  Minas  Geraes;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  259,  1873 — 
Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  383 — Nazar6,  Para; 
FORBES,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  343 — Macuca,  Pernambuco;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  607 — Flores,  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  examined);  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  201,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  136,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  151,  1888 — La  Plata  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  209,  1888 — part,  spec,  o-e',  Para,  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Pelotas, 
Oran  (Salta),  Flores  (Buenos  Aires),  Bolivia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  4,  p.  340,  1892 — Abrilongo,  Matto  Grosso;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  *79 — 
Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — 
Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126, 
1899 — Mundo  Novo  and  Sao  Lourenco;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  201, 
1899 — Iguapd,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Ypiranga,  and  Piquete,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e., 
4>  P-  1 55 1  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  7,  p.  186,  1902 — Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50, 
J905 — Tucuman;  REISER,  Denies,  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  75,  1910 — Barra  (near  Bahia  City),  Lake  Missao,  Timbo,  Paniagua,  and 
Sao  Antonio  de  Gilboez,  Piauhy;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  120 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios. 

Myiophobus  naevius  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

•  Although  identified  by  Lonnberg  (Ibis,  1902,  p.  242)  with  Empidonax  bimacula- 
tus  SCLATER  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  =  Empidonax  euleri,  the  type, 
on  reexamination,  proves  to  be  a  bird  in  juvenile  plumage  of  M.fasciatus  flammiceps, 
with  distinct  dusky  streaks  on  the  chest. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  251 

Muscipeta  naevia  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 
p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Myiobius  fasciatus  (not  of  MULLER)  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  290,  1907 — 
Mogyguassu,  Avanhandava,  Iguape',  Rincao,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Itarare'  (SSo 
Paulo),  Vargem  Alegre  (Minas  Geraes),  Ilha  Grande  (Rio  de  Janeiro),  Los 
Talas,  La  Plata  (Argentina);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  58,  1917 
— Pocone1,  Matto  Grosso. 

Myiobius  fasciatus  fasciatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  52,  1908 — Rio  The- 
souras  and  Fazenda  Esperanca,  Goyaz;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  201, 
1909 — Flores  (Buenos  Aires),  Oran  (Salta),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios),  Tucuman, 
Barracas  al  Sud  (nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto  Parana,  Para- 
guay; SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  392,  1914 — Magoary  and  Mexiana; 
TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  Florida, 
Uruguay;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  50,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios; 
GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  p.  72,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  169,  1923 — San 
Isidro,  Buenos  Aires. 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  fasciatus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  343, 
1910  (range  in  Argentina);  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  334,  1912 — 'Villa  Rica,  Paraguay, 
and  La  Plata  (crit.,  meas.);  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  394,  1916 — Los  Talas,  La 
Plata;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  649,  1924 — Buenos 
Aires. 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  auriceps  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  543, 
1907 — Argentina  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  333,  1926 — 
Lazcano  and  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay  (crit.). 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  flammiceps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  176,  1925 — Rio  de 
Janeiro,  Yungas  and  Yuracares,  Bolivia  (crit.,  measurements,  range). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (south  to  La  Rioja,  Cordoba,  and 
Buenos  Aires);  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  Bolivia;  Brazil,  west  to  Matto 
Grosso,  north  to  Para  and  Mexiana  Island. 

21 :  Uruguay  (Quebrada  de  los  Cuervos  i);  Argentina  (Quilmes, 
Buenos  Aires  i ;  Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  i ;  Concepcion,  Prov.  Tucu- 
man 5) ;  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i ; 
Macaco  Secco  2,  Sao  Amaro  i,  Bahia  i ;  Serra  Baturite",  Ceara  i ;  Ardra, 
Piauhy  i;  Sao  Bento  2,  Tranqueira  3,  Alto  Paranahyba,  Maranhao  i). 

*Myiophobus  fasciatus  fasciatus  (Mutter'} .   BANDED  FLYCATCHER. 

M uscicapa  fasciata  P.  L.  S.  MILLER,  Natursylt.,  Suppl.,  p.  172,  1776 — based  on 
Daubenton,  PL  enl.  574,  fig.  3,  Cayenne. 

Muscicapa  naevia  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  34,  1783 — based  on  the  same. 
Muscicapa  virgata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  948,  1789 — based  on  the  same. 

Myiobius  chrysoceps  (not  of  SPIX)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  222,  1866 — 
Trinidad. 


252  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiobius  naevius  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Carupano, 
Bermudez;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333 — Ocana,  Colombia;  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
VIN, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  514 — Medellin  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  BERLEPSCH, 
Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  303,  1884 — Bucaramanga ;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  297 — 
Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  209,  1888 — part,  spec,  e-n, 
Medellin,  Venezuela,  Carupano,  Trinidad,  Roraima,  Cayenne;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  41,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  PHELPS, 
Auk,  14,  p.  365, 1897 — Cumanacoa,  San  Antonio,  and  Guanaguana,  Bermudez; 
BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  158,  1898 — Pueblo  Viejo;  idem,  I.e.,  p. 
176,  1898 — Palomina;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  145,  1900 — 
Minca. 

Myiobius  fasciatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  25,  1906 — Caparo  and  Seelet, 
Trinidad;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  217,  1921 — Roraima. 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  130,  1908 — Cayenne  and 
Roche-Marie,  French  Guiana. 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  fasciatus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  363, 
1908 — Carenage,  Trinidad;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  468,  1917 — Caldas,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Salento,  Andalucia,  Honda, 
Quetame,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  351, 
1922 — Cincinnati,  Pueblo  Viejo,  Chirua,  San  Francisco,  and  La  Concepcion, 
Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Island. of  Trinidad; 
north  coast  of  Venezuela,  west  to  Tachira;  Colombia*. 

13:    Venezuela  (Colon,  Tachira  2;  Maracay,  Aragua  5;  Caracas  6). 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  furfurosus  (Thayer  and  Bangs)*.  BRAN-COLORED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  fasciatus  furfurosus  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46, 
p.  152,  1905 — Saboga  Island,  Bay  of  Panama. 

Myiobius  naevius  (not  Muscicapa  naevia  BODDAERT)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867, 
p.  148 — Santa  F6  de  Veragua;  idem,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  198 — Calovevora,  Veragua; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  209,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Santa  F£, 
Castillo,  Lion  Hill,  and  Paraiso  Station,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  58,  1889 — part,  Panama;  BANGS,  Auk,  18, 
p.  30,  1901 — San  Miguel  Island. 

»  A  single  adult  male  from  Primavera,  Cauca  and  a  series  of  Bogotd  skins  appear 
to  me  inseparable  from  Guianan  examples. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana :  Cayenne  4,  Roche-Marie  i .  Dutch  Guiana : 
near  Paramaribo  2.  Trinidad:  Caparo  2,  Seelet  i,  Chaguaramas  i,  Carenage  5. 
Venezuela,  Bermudez:  Los  Palmales  i,  San  Antonio  2,  San  Felix  i ;  Maracay,  Aragua 
5;  Caracas  6;  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  i;  MeYida,  El  Valle  5,  Escorial  4,  La 
Culata  i;  Colon,  Tachira  2.  Colombia:  Primavera,  Cauca  i,  Bogota  8. 

b  Myiophobus  fasciatus  furfurosus  (THAYER  and  BANGS)  :  Exceedingly  close  to 
M.  f.  fasciatus,  but  slightly  smaller  and  under  parts  more  strongly  yellowish.  Wing 
(male)  53-56;  tail  52,  53;  bill  n. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Panama  2. — Costa  Rica:  Buenos  Aires  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  253 

Myiobius  naevius  naevius  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  p.  219, 
1906 — Savanna  of  Panama. 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  furfurosus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  543,  1907 — Panama  (monog.);  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  33, 
1909 — El  General  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
4,  p.  302,  1908 — Buenos  Aires  de  Terraba;  idem,  I.e.,  6,  p.  701,  1910 — El 
General  and  Buenos  Aires  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1918,  p.  266 — Gatun,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  318,  1924 — 
Farfan,  Panama. 

Range:  Southwestern  Costa  Rica  (Terraba  Valley)  and  Panama, 
east  to  the  Canal  Zone. 

*Myiophobus  fasciatus  saturatus  (Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann)*.    PERU- 
VIAN BANDED  FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  naevius  saturatus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  88,  1906 — 
Chirimoto,  Huayabamba  Valley  (type)  and  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru. 

Myiobius  naevius  (not  Muscicapa  naevia  BODDAERT)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  189 — lower  Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  186 — Cosni- 
pata;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  281 — lower  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  and  Chyavetas;  idem,  I.e., 
1876,  p.  16 — Potrero,  Urubamba;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  780 — Cosnipata; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  21 — Chirimoto;  idem,  Orn.  Pe'r.,  2,  p.  305,  1884 — 
Peruvian  localities;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  366 
— La  Merced,  Chanchamayo. 

Myiobius  fasciatus  saturatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  97,  1921 — 
Santa  Ana  and  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (east  of  the  Cordillera  Central),  from  Moyo- 
bamba  and  the  Valley  of  Huayabamba  south  to  Urubamba,  Dept. 
Cuzco. 

i:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i). 

*Myiophobus  fasciatus  crypterythrus   (Sclater^.    WESTERN  BANDED 
FLYCATCHER. 

a  Myiophobus  fasciatus  saturatus  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  :  Easily  distin- 
guishable from  M.  f.  fasciatus  and  M.  f.  flammiceps  by  much  darker,  sepia  upper 
parts  (without  any  rufous  tinge),  less  rufescent  wing-bands,  and  conspicuously  deeper, 
sulphur  yellow  belly.  Wing  (male)  59  (Moyobamba),  6o>£  (Santa  Ana),  67  (Chiri- 
moto); tail  55,  58,  64;  bill  n. 

This  seems  to  be  a  well-characterized  form,  although  Bogotd  specimens  occasion- 
ally approach  it  in  color  of  both  upper  and  under  parts.  The  size  is  extremely  variable, 
the  type  being  even  larger  than  M.  f.  flammiceps,  while  a  male  from  Moyobamba 
corresponds  to  the  average  measurements  of  M.  f.  fasciatus.  In  the  coloration  of  the 
dorsal  surface,  it  comes  close  to  M.  f.  crypterythrus,  but  is  more  yellowish  beneath 
and  has  the  coronal  patch  lemon  yellow  instead  of  tawny. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Chirimoto  i,  Moyobamba  i,  Santa  Ana  i. 

*>  Myiophobus  fasciatus  crypterythrus  (SCLATER)  :  Nearly  allied  to  M.  f.  fasciatus, 
but  upper  parts  much  duller  brown  (without  any  rufous  tinge) ;  coronal  patch  tawny 


254  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiobius  crypterythrus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  464,  1860 — Pallatanga 
(type),  Babahoyo,  and  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1883,  p.  558 — Guayaquil  and  Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  297 — Cayan- 
deled;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  92 — Yaguachi,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877, 
p.  326 — Tumbez;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Callacate,  Prov.  Chota;  idem,  Orn. 
PeY.,  2,  p.  304,  1884 — Tumbez,  Callacate;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  2 10,  1888 — western  Ecuador;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  12,  1895 — Vina 
(Huamachuco)  and  Malca  (Cajabamba);  HARTERT,  I.e.,  5,  p.  488,  1898 — 
Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Paramba  and  San  Javier,  Prov.  Esme- 
raldas; SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  n, 
1899 — Vinces,  Balzar,  and  Gualea;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geog.  Mes.  Arc 
M&id.  Equat.,  9,  p.  657,  1911 — Mindo. 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  saturatus  (not  of  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  BANGS  and 
NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  455,  1918 — Huancabamba,  Prov.  Piura. 

Range :  Western  Ecuador  (north  to  Esmeraldas)  and  northern  Peru 
(Tumbez,  and  upper  Maranon  Valley  in  depts.  Piura,  Cajamarca, 
and  Libertad). 

7:  Ecuador  (San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i,  Chimbo  i);  Peru 
(Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas  5). 

Myiophobus  fasciatus  cryptoxanthus   (Sclater}*.    SCLATER'S  BANDED 
FLYCATCHER. 

Myiobius  cryptoxanthus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  465, 1860 — Gualaquiza  and 
Zamora,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  1.  c.,  1885,  p.  92 — Mapoto 
(crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  211,  1888 — Sarayacu,  Zamora,  and 
Gualaquiza;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  12,  1899 — Zamora  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Gualaquiza,  Mapoto,  Sarayacu). 
Myiophobus  roraimae  (Salvin  and  Godman)b.  RORAIMA  FLYCATCHER. 

(very  rarely  yolk-yellow);  wing-bands  less  rufescent;  auriculars  grayish  instead  of 
cinnamomeous ;  under  parts  pure  white,  with  the  markings  on  the  chest  dark  gray 
instead  of  brown.  Wing  (male)  57-60,  (female)  54-56;  tail  53-56,  (female)  50-53. 

Specimens  from  Chimbo  and  Esmeraldas  are  precisely  similar,  while  birds  from 
the  Maranon  Valley,  by  slightly  browner  back  and  a  faint  yellowish  tinge  on  the 
abdomen,  show  a  decided  approach  to  Af.  /.  saturatus,  of  eastern  Peru. 

Material  examined.  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  San  Javier  6,  Pambilar  i, 
Paramba  3;  Chimbo  3.  Peru:  Vina  (Huamachuco)  2,  Hacienda  Limon,  west  of  Bal- 
sas 5. 

•  Myiophobus  fasciatus  cryptoxanthus  (SCLATER)  :  Above  similar  to  M.  f.  cryp- 
terythrus, but  coronal  patch  lemon-yellow;  under  parts  sulphur  yellow,  chest  obso- 
letely  spotted  with  grayish  olive;  similar  also  to  M.  f.  saturatus,  but  smaller;  upper 
parts  much  lighter,  more  grayish  brown;  ventral  surface  more  yellowish,  with  the 
pectoral  markings  more  olivaceous.  Wing  (two  males)  59;  tail  53-55. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Mapoto  i,  Rio  Zamora  i. 

b  Myiophobus  roraimae  is  a  very  peculiar  species  and  stands  quite  by  itself. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:   Roraima  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  255 

Myiobius  roraimae  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  207,  1883 — Roraima; 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  297 — Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  208, 
pi.  18,  1888 — Roraima  and  Twek-quay,  Carimang  River;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  216,  1921 — same  localities. 

Range:     Mountains  of  British  Guiana  (Roraima  and  Twek-quay). 

Genus  HIRUNDINEA  Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny. 

Hirundinea  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2, 
p.  46,  1837 — type  by  monotypy  Tyrannus  bellicosus  VIEILLOT. 

Phoneutria  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  67,  1850 — no  type  specified. 

Hirundinea  ferruginea  ferruginea  (Gmelin).    BLACK-TAILED  SWALLOW- 
FLYCATCHER. 

Todus  ferrugineus  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  446,  1788 — based  on  "Ferruginous- 
bellied  Tody"  Latham,  Gen.  Syn.  Birds,  i  (2),  p.  662,  Cayenne  (type  now  in 
Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Hirundinea  ferruginea  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  113,  1868 — Cachoeira  do  Tu- 
nuhy,  Rio  Icanna  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  196,  pi.  5,  fig.  2 — 
Cayenne  and  Rio  Icanna  (descr.);  PELZELN,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  27 — Cayenne  (note 
on  type  in  Vienna  Museum) ;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  164 — Guiana  and  "Ama- 
zonia inferior";  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  297 — Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  195,  1888 —  Roraima,  Mt.  Twek-quay,  Rio  Icanna; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  130,  1908 — Cayenne;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  213,  1921 — Mt.  Roraima  and  Mt.  Twek-quay. 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (Mountain 
near  the  Cachoeira  do  Tunuhy,  Rio  Icanna,  upper  Rio  Negro) a. 

^Hirundinea   ferruginea    sclateri  Reinhardtb.     SCLATER'S  SWALLOW- 
FLYCATCHER. 

H[irundinea]  sclateri  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  337, 
in  text — based  on  Hirundinea  bellicosa  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1869, 
p.  196,  pi.  5,  fig.  i,  Bogotd  (Mus.  Brit.)  and  Peru  (Mus.  Copenhagen); 
SCLATER,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  164 — Peru  and  Colombia;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1882,  p.  21 — Chirimoto,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  297,  1884 — Puma- 
marca,  Ninabamba,  Chirimoto;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  195, 
1888 — Bogota;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  366 — 
[Rio  Reiter,]  Chanchamayo,  and  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  89, 

•Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  (the  type)  i.  British  Guiana: 
Roraima  i.  Brazil:  near  Cachoeira  do  Tunuhy,  Rio  Icanna  4. 

b  Hirundinea  ferruginea  sclateri  REINHARDT:  Differs  principally  from  H.  f.  fer- 
ruginea by  having  the  inner  web  of  the  rectrices  (except  on  middle  pair)  to  within 
about  an  inch  of  their  extremities  bright  tawny. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Rio  Reiter,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin  i ;  Chinchao, 
Huanuco  2;  Pacaymayo,  near  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Dept.  Cuzco  i.  Colombia: 
Bogota  2. 


2 $6  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1906 — Pacaymayo,  near  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang,  d' 
Orn.,  x,  p.  322,  1910 — Nuevo  Loreto,  east  of  Tayabamba,  Peru;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  464,  1917 — on  the  trail  between  Quetame 
and  Buenavista,  east  slope  of  Eastern  Andes;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
117,  p.  96,  1921 — Colpani  and  Paltaybamba,  Urubamba,  Peru. 

Myiarchus  ferr ugineus  (not  of  GMELIN)  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  273, 
1844 — Peru;  idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p  154,  1846 — Peru. 

Hirundinea  ferruginea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150,  1855 — Bogotd. 

Hirundinea  bellicosa  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  196,  pi.  5,  fig.  i — 
Bogota  and  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  537 — Ninabamba. 

Range:    Arid  tropical  Zone  of  eastern  Colombia  (Bogota,  Quetame- 
Buenavista  trail)  and  Peru  (south  to  the  Urubamba  region) . 

2:    Peru  (Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  2). 

^Hirundinea  bellicosa  bellicosa   (Vieilloi).    AZARA'S  SWALLOW-FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Tyrannus  betticosus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  35,  p.  74, 
1819 — based  on  Azara,  No.  189,  Paraguay. 

Tyrannus  pyrrhophaius  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  6d.,  35,  p.  75, 
1819 — Brazil. 

Muscicapa  rupestris  WIED,  Reise  Brasil.,  i,  p.  345  (8°  ed.,  p.  342),  1820 — Rio 
Belmonte,  Bahia. 

Platyrynchos  rupestris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  977,  1831 — Rivers 
Belmonte,  Espirito  Santo,  Ilhe'os,  southeastern  Brazil. 

Platyrhynchus  hirundinaceus  £PIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  n,  pi.  13,  fig.  i,  1825 — 
interior  of  Brazil  (type  lost;  see  Hellmayr,  Abhdl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  645,  1906). 

Muscivora  ferruginea  (not  of  GMELIN)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  505,  1856 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes;  EULER,  Joum.  Orn.,  15,  p.  232, 
1867 — Cantagallo  (nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Hirundinea  rupestris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  113,  1868 — Marambaya  (Rio), 
Ypanema,  Itarare',  and  Capivari  (Sao  Paulo);  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  198, 
pi.  5,  fig.  3 — Brazil  (char.). 

Hirundo  bellicosa  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  334 — 
Lagoa  Santa,  Sete  Lagoas,  Santa  Luzia,  Resaquinha,  and  Barbacena  (Minas 
Geraes),  Rio  Mugy  (Sao  Paulo),  Novo  Friburgo  and  Taipu  (Rio);  FORBES, 
Ibis,  1 88 1,  p.  343 — Parahyba,  Quipapd  and  Macuca  (Pernambuco) ;  SCLATER, 
I.e.,  1882,  p.  164 — part,  Paraguay  and  Brazil;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits. 
ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  135,  1885 — Taquara  and  Linha  Piraja,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  196,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-j,  Pernambuco, 
Bahia,  "Rio  Claro,  Goyaz,"  Ypanema,  "Pelotas,"  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer, 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  234,  1889 — Rio  Belmonte  (note  on  Wied's  type);  idem, 
I.e.,  4,  p.  338,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  257 

Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10, 1895 — Puerto  Francia  and  Colonia  Risso,  Paraguay; 
idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  7,  1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Annu- 
ario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  200,  1899 — Sao  Sebastiao  and  Iguape\  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e., 
4i  P-  J55.  19°° — Cantagallo,  Rio;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.  i,  p.  287,  1907 — 
Iguape',  Franca,  Itarare",  Itapura,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Bauru  (Sao  Paulo),  Vargem 
Alegre  (Minas  Geraes),  Ourinho  (Parana);  HELLMAYR,  Nov  .Zool.,  15,  p.  51, 
1908 — Goyaz;  REISER,  Denies,  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  75, 
1910 — Catuny  (Bahia),  Paranagua  and  Fazenda  Buriti  (Piauhy);  CHROS- 
TOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  482,  498,  1912 — Rio  Claro, 
Parana;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Alto  Parana,  Paraguay; 
MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  10,  p.  334,  1918 — Villa  Lutetia,  near  San 
Ignacio,  Misiones;  PINTO-PEIXOTO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  263, 
1923 — Monte  Serrat,  Itatiaya. 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao,  Piauhy,  and  Ceara  south  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  west  to  Matto  Grosso;  Paraguay;  northeastern  Argen- 
tina (Misiones)8. 

6:  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  i ;  Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa, 
Minas  Geraes  i;  Quixada,  Ceara  i;  Tranqueira  i,  Alto  Parnahyba, 
Maranhao  2). 

*Hirundinea  bellicosa  pallidior  Hartert  and  Goodsonb.    PALE-BELLIED 
SWALLOW-FLY  CAT  CHER. 

Hirundinea  bellicosa  pallidior  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  411,  1917 
— Salta,  Cachi;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  32,  p.  24,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Cochabamba, 
Chuquisaca  (crit.). 

Hirundinea  bellicosa  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn,  Av.,  i, 
in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  46,  1837 — Cochabamba,  Chiquitos,  Chuquisaca; 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  314,  1839 — same  localities;  WHITE, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  607 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala,  Catamarca  (spec,  ex- 
amined); SCLATER,  Ibis,  1882,  p.  164 — part,  Catamarca;  ScLATERand  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  151,  1888 — part,  Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  196,  1888 — part,  spec,  k-n,  Catamarca,  and  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  STEMPEL- 
MANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba; 
KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  186, 1902 — Tucuman,  Tapia,  Rio  Calera;  idem, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  50,  1905 — same  localities;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  201,  1909 — Catamarca,  Tapia,  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal. 

"Material  examined. — Ceara:  Quixada  i.  Maranhao  3.  Bahia  5.  Minas  Geraes: 
AguaSuja  near  Bagagem  3,  Lagoa  Santa  i.  Sao  Paulo  5.  Rio  GrandedoSul:  Taquara2. 
Goyaz  8.  Matto  Grosso :  Chapada  2.  Paraguay:  Colonia  Risso  i . 

b  Hirundinea  bellicosa  pallidior  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Similar  to  H.  b.  bellicosa, 
but  upper  parts  lighter  earthy-brown;  tawny  edges  to  wing-coverts  much  wider; 
blackish  tips  to  rectrices  shorter. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Fuerte  de  Andalgala,  Catamarca  2,  Tapia, 
Tucuman  i.  Bolivia:  Chicani  3,  San  Antonio,  Dept.  La  Paz  i,  Cochabamba  i, 
Chuquisaca  i,  Samaipata,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  2;  Chiquitos  i. 


258  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  342 — range  in  Argentina;  DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  i, 
p.  145,  1918 — Tucuman  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  72, 
1923 — La  Rioja. 

Hirundinea  rupestris  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  615 — Tilotilo  and  D'Orbigny's  localities,  Bolivia. 

Range:    Bolivia  and  western  Argentina  (from  Salta  south  to  La 
Rioja  and  Cordoba). 

i:    Argentina  (Tucumdn  i). 

Genus  ONYCHORHYNCHUS  Fischer. 

Onychorhynchus  FISCHER,  Zoognosia,  i,  p.  31,  42,  1813 — type  by  implication 
Todus  regius  GMELIN  =  Muscicapa  coronata  MULLER  (see  OBERHOLSER,  Auk, 
18,  p.  193,  1901). 

Muscipeta  CUVIER,  Regne  Anim.,  i,  p.  344,  Dec.  1816 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
Todus  regius  GMELIN. 

Megalophus  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  257,  June  1837 — type  by  monotypy 
Megalophus  regius  SWAINSON  =  Muscivora  swainsoni  PELZELN. 

^Onychorhynchus  coronatus  coronatus  (Mutter}.   ROYAL  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscicapa  coronata  P.  L.  S.  MULLER,  Natursyst.,  Suppl.,  p.  168,  1776 — based  on 
Daubenton,  PI.  enl.  289,  Cayenne. 

Todus  cristatus  MEUSCHEN  ("Musculus")  in  Walch,  Der  Naturforscher,  17,  p.  21, 
pi.  (i),  1782 — no  locality  given*. 

Todus  regius  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  I  (i),  p.  445,  1788 — based  on  Daubenton,  PI. 
enl.  289,  Cayenne. 

Muscivora  regia  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  112,  1868 — Serra  Carauman,  Rio 
Branco  (spec,  examined);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  383 — Para  (spec,  examined); 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  297 — Camacusa,  British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  192,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-e,  h,  Camacusa,  Oyapoc,  Cayenne, 
Para;  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Diamantina,  Santarem; 
PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  252,  1910 — Surinam. 

Muscivora  coronata  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  48,  1902 — La 
Pricion  and  Nicare,  Caura  River,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  ANDRE,  A 
Naturalist  in  the  Guianas,  p.  158,  col.  pi.,  1904 — La  Pricion. 

Onychorhynchus  coronatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  12,  1907 — Urucurituba, 
Rio  Tapaj6z;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  130,  i$o8 — Cayenne,  Oyapock;  HELL- 
MAYR, Abhdl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — 
Nazare",  Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  393,  1914 — Para,  Rio 
Moju,  Rio  Tocantins  (Cameta,  Arumatheua),  Rio  Tapajtfz  (Villa  Braga); 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  242, 1916 — Caura  River;  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  212,  1921 — Ituribisi  River,  Cotinga  River,  Tiger 
Creek,  Camacusa. 

a  The  strongly  barred  chest  clearly  shows  T.  cristatus  MEUSCHEN  to  be  the 
Guianan,  not  the  Mexican  species. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  259 

Range:  Eastern  Venezuela  (Caura  Valley);  British,  Dutch,  and 
French  Guiana ;  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Branco,  and  south  of  the  Amazon 
from  Para  to  the  Tapaj6z) ». 

4:  British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  2);  Brazil  (Conceicao,  Rio 
Branco  i,  Rio  Xingu  i). 

Onychorhynchus  coronatus  castelnaui  D#villeb.    CASTELNAU'S  ROYAL 
FLYCATCHER. 

Onychorhynchus  castelnaui  DEVILLE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  i,  p.  56,  1849 — mission 
de  Sarayacu,  Pampa  del  Sacramento,  Peru  (types  in  Paris  Museum  exam- 
ined). 

Muscipeta  regia  (not  of  GMELIN)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  317, 
1839 — Yuracares,  Bolivia. 

Megalophus  castelnaui  DES  MURS  in  Castelnau,  Expgd.  Amer.  Sud,  Ois.,  p.  55, 
1856 — Sarayacu,  Peru. 

Muscivora  castelnaudi  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  978,  981 — • 
Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  280 — 'Chamicuros  and  Pebas,  Peru  (spec,  examined) ; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  295,  1884 — Sarayacu,  Chamicuros,  Pebas; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  192,  1888 — part,  spec,  f,  g,  Pebas,  Chami- 
curos. 

Onychorhynchus  coronatus  (not  of  MULLER)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  356, 
1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira  (crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  299,  1910 — Humay- 
tha;  idem,  I.e.,  32,  p.  27,  1925 — Yuracares,  Bolivia. 

Onychorhynchus  coronatus  castelnaudi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  464,  1917 — Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Colombia  (Villavicencio) 
through  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo)  and  Peru  to  northern  Bolivia 
(Yuracares),  east  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira  (Humaytha), 
western  Brazil. 

Onychorhynchus    swainsoni    (Pelzeln)*.     SWAINSON'S    ROYAL    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

a  Specimens  from  the  lower  Amazon  appear  to  be  identical  with  the  Guianan 
ones. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  2,^Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  i.  Suri- 
nam (unspecified)  i.  British  Guiana:  Camacusa  i,  Mazaruni  River  4.  Brazil: 
Para  2,  Rio  Branco  3,  Urucurituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z  2,  Rio  Xingu  i.  Venezuela,  Caura 
Valley:  La  Pricion  i,  Nicare  2. 

b  Onychorhynchus  coronatus  castelnaui  DEVILLE:  Similar  to  0.  c.  coronatus,  but 
upper  tail-coverts  unbarred ;  under  parts  deeper  ochraceous ;  size  on  average  smaller. 
Wing  (male)  76-78  (against  78-81);  tail  61-63  (against  62-65). 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chamicuros  i,  Pebas  i,  Sarayacu  (the  types)  2. 
Brazil:  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira  i. 

•  Onychorhynchus  swainsoni  (PELZELN),  like  the  remaining  members  of  the  genus, 
is  in  all  probability  conspecific  with  O.  coronatus,  but  in  view  of  its  striking  differences 


260  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscivora  swainsoni  PELZELN,  Sitzungsber.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
31,  p.  326,  1858 — "Island  of  Juan  Fernandez,"  errore,  we  suggest  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88, 
1874 — Cantagallo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  192,  1888 — Brazil; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo. 

Muscipeta  regia  (not  of  GMELIN)  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  944,  1831 — 
southern  Brazil. 

Megalophus  regius  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Draw.,  Part  4,  pi.  51,  52,  1836  (?) — Brazil; 
idem,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  145,  pi.  15  (cf),  1838 — no 
locality  stated;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  tJbers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  504,  1856 — near 
Novo  Friburgo,  Rio. 

Muscivora  regia  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  165,  1853 — Macahe',  Rio  Grande, 
Rio  (egg  descr.). 

Platyrhyncus regius  DESCOURTILZ,  Ornith.  Bre"sil.,p.22,  pi.  24,  fig.  3,  1856 — Serra 
of  Novo  Friburgo. 

Onychorhynchus  swainsoni  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  289,  1907 — Bauru, 
Sao  Paulo;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  51,  1908 — Villa  Boa,  Goyaz;  IHER- 
ING, Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9,  p.  441,  481,  pi.  8,  fig.  8  (egg),  pi.  9,  fig.  2  (nest)  1914 — 
Theophilo  Ottoni,  Minas  Geraes. 

Range :  Mountain  ranges  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas 
Geraes  (Theophilo  Ottoni),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Macahe",  Novo  Friburgo, 
Cantagallo),  Sao  Paulo  (Bauru),  and  (?)  Goyaz  (Villa  Boa). 

*Onychorhynchus    occidentalis    (Sclater).     WESTERN    ROYAL    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Muscivora  occidentalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  282,  1860 — Babahoyo, 
Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  557 — Guayaquil; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  194,  1888 — Babahoyo,  Balzar,  Ecuador; 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  10,  1899 — 
Vinces  and  Balzar,  Ecuador. 

Megalophus  aequatorialis  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  332 — Palmal. 
Range :    Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador. 
2:    Ecuador  (Milagro  2). 

^Onychorhynchus  mexicanus  mexicanus  (Sclater).    MEXICAN  ROYAL 
FLYCATCHER. 

Muscivora  mexicana  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856,"  p.  295,  Jan.  1857 — 
Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  193,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  a-k,  British  Honduras,  Choctum,  Chisec,  El  Paraiso,  and  Vera 

I  have  provisionally  accorded  it  specific  rank.    The  locality  Villa  Boa  is  perhaps  open 
to  doubt. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro  7,  "Juan  Fernandez"  (the  type)  i, 
Villa  Boa,  Goyaz  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  261 

Paz,  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  53, 

pl-  39.  fig-  !>  2»  *889 — part,  Mexico,  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras. 
Onychorhynchus  mexicanus  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 

p.  103,  1907 — Patulul,  Guatemala. 
Onychorhynchus  mexicanus  mexicanus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 

P-  354>  J9Q7 — Mexico  to  Honduras  (monog.,  full  bibliography). 

Range :    Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco, 
and  Yucatan)  and  Guatemala;  (?)  Honduras. 
2:    Guatemala  (Chisec  i,  Patulul  i). 

*Onychorhynchus  mexicanus  fraterculus  Bangs*.  COLOMBIAN  ROYAL 
FLYCATCHER. 

Onychorhynchus  mexicanus  fraterculus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  86, 
1902 — Santa  Marta,  Colombia;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  356,  1907 — Nicaragua  to  Santa  Marta,  Colombia  (monog.,  full  bibliogra- 
phy); BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  302,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso  Real,  and  El  Pozo  de 
Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  734,  1910 — Costa 
Rica  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  p.  216,  1912 — Mt.  Sapo,  Rio  Esnape,  and  Jesusito,  Darien;  TODD 
and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  386,  1922 — Bonda,  Cacagualito, 
Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  Minca,  and  Don  Diego  (crit.). 

Muscivora  mexicana  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879, 
p.  202 — Manaure;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  193,  1888 — part,  spec. 
1-a',  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Chiriqui,  Paraiso  Station,  Panama,  Manaure, 
Santa  Marta;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  53,  1889 — 
part,  Nicaragua  to  Colombia;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  137,  1898 
— Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  145,  1900 — 
Bonda,  Minca,  and  Cacagualito. 

Range:  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  through  Panama  south  to 
northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region). 

5:  Nicaragua  (Matagalpa  i);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  2,  Terraba  i, 
Lagarto  i). 

Subfamily  PLATYRINCHINAE. 

Genus  PLATYRINCHUS  Desmarestb. 

Platyrinchus  DESMAREST,  Hist.  Nat.  Tang.,  Manakins  et  Todiers,  livr.  4,  [p.  2 
of  unpaged  text  (generalities),  preceding  pi.  72],  1805 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY,  1840,  p.  31)  Todus  platyrhynchos  GMELIN. 

•  This  is  a  very  unsatisfactory  race.  Ten  specimens  from  the  Santa  Marta  district, 
when  compared  with  an  equal  series  from  Mexico  and  Guatemala,  are  indeed  some- 
what smaller,  with  shorter  bill,  and  slightly  paler  below.  However,  birds  from  Costa 
Rica  and  Panama  are  so  variously  intermediate  that  it  is  largely  a  matter  of  personal 
opinion  whether  to  refer  them  to  the  southern  rather  than  the  northern  form. 

b  Platyrinchus  flavigularis  combines  the  characters  of  the  several  groups  into  which 
the  genus  has  lately  been  subdivided,  and  I  do  not  see  on  what  grounds  Placostomus 
and  Platytriccus  can  be  maintained. 


262  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Placoslomus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  208,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Platyrhynchus  superciliaris  LAWRENCE. 

Platytriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  211,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  " Platyrhynchus  cancroma  SCLATER"  (lapsus)  =  P.  cancrominus  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN. 

Platyrinchus  platyrhynchos  (Gmelin).   BRAZILIAN  FLAT-BILL. 

Todus  platyrhynchos  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (i),  p.  446,  1788 — based  on  "Generis 
Todi  species  octava"  PALLAS,  Spicil.  Zool.,  i,  fasc.  6,  p.  19,  pi.  3,  fig.  c,  1769 — • 
locality  unknown,  we  suggest  vicinity  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil;  DESMAREST, 
Hist.  Nat.  Tang.  Manak.,  etTodiers,  livr.  4,  pi.  72,  1805 — locality  unknown. 

Todus  rostratus  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  i,  p.  268,  1790 — new  name  for  Todus  platy- 
rhynchos GMELIN. 

Platyrhynchos  rostratus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e'd.,  27,  p.  12, 

1818 — locality  unknown. 

Platyrhynchos  fuscus  VIEILLOT,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  201,  pi.  126,  1824 — "Sene- 
gal." 
Platyrynchos  leucoryphus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3   (2),  p.  974,   1831 — 

Itapemirim,  Espirito  Santo. 
Platyrhyncus  albocapUlus  DESCOURTILZ,  Ornith.  Br6s.,  p.  22,  pi.  24,  fig.  4,  1856 — 

foot  of  the  Serra  of  Novo  Friburgo,  Prov.  Rio. 
Platyrhynchus  rostratus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  500,  1856 — 

Brazil;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  65,  1888 — Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull. 

Amer.   Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  228,  1889  (note  on  Wied's  types). 
Platyrhynchus  platyrhynchus  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  270,  1902 — Bauni, 

Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  263,  1907 — Bauru;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 

1910,  p.  577 — Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  provinces  of 
Espirito  Santo  (Itapemirim),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  of  Novo  Friburgo), 
and  Sao  Paulo  (Bauni),  and  Paraguay  (Sapucay) a. 

Platyrinchus   senex   senex  Sclater  and   Salvin.     OCHREOUS-BELLIED 
FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  senex  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  156 — Sarayacu, 
Ecuador  (types  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — Yurimaguas; 
idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  224,  1884 — Yurimaguas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  65,  1888 — Sarayacu,  Chamicuros. 

Platyrinchus  senex  senex   HELLMAYR,   Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  286,  1910  (crit.,  range). 
Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  and  northern  Peru  (Yurima- 
guas, Chamicuros) b. 

•  Material  examined. — Brazil:   Rio  de  Janeiro  3.   Paraguay:   Sapucay  i. 

b  A  single  adult  from  Peru  (Chamicuros)  differs  from  the  two  typical  examples 
from  Sarayacu  in  larger  size  (wing  68,  against  62-65 ;  tail  37,  against  32-33)  and  more 
rufescent  back. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  263 

Platyrinchus  senex  griseiceps  Salvin*.   GRAY-HEADED  FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  griseiceps  SALVIN,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  7,  p.  XV,  1897 — "Annai"  = 
Ourumee,  British  Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  37,  1902 — Suapure,  La  Pricion,  Nicare, 
Caura  River  (spec,  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  397, 
1914 — Obidos. 

Platyrhynchus  rostratus  (not  of  LATHAM)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100,  1868 — 
part,  Serra  Carauman  (spec,  examined). 

Platyrhynchus  senex  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  HARTERT  and  HELLMAYR, 
Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  12,  p.  64,  1902 — Serra  Carauman,  Rio  Branco;  PENARD,  Vog. 
Guyana,  2,  p.  210,  1910 — Surinam  (spec,  examined). 

Platyrinchus  senex  griseiceps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  286,  i9io(monog., 
range). 

Platytriccus  griseiceps  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  219,  1916 — 
Caura  River. 

Placostomus  griseiceps  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  143,  1921 — Ituribisi 
River,  Supenaam,  Bartica,  Kamakabra  Creek,  Makauria  River,  Abary  River. 

Range:  Dutch  and  British  Guiana;  eastern  Venezuela  (Caura 
Valley) ;  and  northern  Brazil,  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon 
(Obidos). 

Platyrinchus   senex  nattereri    Hartert  and    Hellmayrb.     NATTERER'S 
FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  nattereri  HARTERT  and  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  12,  p.  63,  1902 — 
Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira. 

Platyrhynchus  rostratus  (not  of  LATHAM)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100,  1868 — 
part,  Salto  do  Girao. 

Platyrinchus  senex  nattereri  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  285,  1910 — Calama, 
Rio  Madeira  and  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  (crit.). 

Range:  Central  Brazil,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Madeira 
(Calama,  Salto  do  Girao)  and  its  tributary,  the  Rio  Machados. 

Platyrinchus  senex  amazonicus  Berlepsch".   AMAZONIAN  FLAT-BILL. 

*  Platyrinchus  senex  griseiceps  SALVIN:  Closely  allied  to  P.  s.  senex,  but  top  and 
sides  of  the  head  not  so  dark,  slate  gray  rather  than  blackish;  abdomen  generally 
lighter,  less  ochraceous. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Ourumee  4.  Dutch  Guiana:  Interior  of 
Surinam  8.  Venezuela,  Caura:  Suapure  i,  La  Pricion  2,  Nicare  i.  Brazil:  Serra 
Carauman  i,  Obidos  i. 

b  Platyrinchus  senex  nattereri  HARTERT  and  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  P.  s.  griseiceps, 
but  back  and  edges  to  remiges  more  olivaceous.  Wing  (male)  64-66,  (female)  60; 
tail  34K-36,  (female)  31. 

Material  examined. — Salto  do  Girao  (the  type)  i,  Calama  i,  Maroins  i. 

0  Platyrinchus  senex  amazonicus  BERLEPSCH:  Closely  related  to  P.  s.  nattereri, 
but  abdomen  pale  yellow,  more  or  less  contrasting  with  the  duller  ochreous  chest, 


264  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Platyrhynchus  griseiceps  amazonicus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  20,  p.  20, 
1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Para  (type  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  397,  1914 — Para,  Mocojatuba,  Maguary,  Santa  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Rio 
Acara,  Rio  Tocantins  (Alcobaca),  Rio  Iriri  (Bocca  do  Curud),  Rio  Tapaj6z 

(Boim). 
* 
Platytriccus  senex  amazonicus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 

Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  88,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Maguary,  Santa  Isabel  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Para  west  to 
the  Tapaj6z. 

^Platyrinchus  flavigularis  Sclater*.  YELLOW-THROATED  FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  flavigularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  382 — Bogotd;  idem, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  65,  pi.  8,  fig.  i,  1888 — Bogota;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  359 — La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo,  Peru. 

Platytriccus  flavigularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  433,  1917 — 
La  Candela,  Colombia. 

Range :  Northwestern  Venezuela  (Guarico,  State  of  Lara) ,  Colombia 
(La  Candela,  near  San  Agustin,  Huila)  and  Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept. 
Huanuco;  La  Gloria,  Dept.  Junin). 

3:    Colombia  (Bogota  i);  Peru  (Huachipa  2). 

^Platyrinchus    saturatus   Salvin    and    Godman.     CINNAMON-CRESTED 
FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  saturatus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (4)  6,  p.  78,  1882 — Merume' 
Mts.,  British  Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  292 — Merume1  Mts.  and  Camacusa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  66,  1888 — same  localities;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
P-  37,  1902 — Nericagua,  R.  Orinoco  and  La  Pricion,  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec, 
examined);  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  212,  1910 — Surinam;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  397,  1914 — Ananindeua,  Santa  Isabel,  and  Peixe-Boi 
(Pard),  Rio  Jary  (Sao  Antonio  da  Cachoeira),  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Platyrinchus  saturatus  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  131,  1908 — Ipousin,  Rio 
Approuague,  French  Guiana. 

while  the  sides  of  the  latter  are  more  decidedly  tinged  with  brownish.   Wing  (male) 
63-65,  (female)  60-61;  tail  33^2-36,  (female)  30-34. 

Material  examined. — Pard  i,  Peixe-Boi  2,  Maguary  i,  Santa  Isabel  2,  Rio  Acard  i ; 
Bocca  do  Curud,  Rio  Iriri  i. 

•  Platyrinchus  flavigularis,  a  small  edition  of  P.  platyrhynchos,  may  be  readily 
distinguished  by  its  bright  yellow  under  parts,  olivaceous  pectoral  band,  more  green- 
ish back,  etc.  An  adult  male  from  Guarico,  Lara,  Venezuela  (Carnegie  Museum, 
No.  36813)  agrees  perfectly  with  Bogota  skins  and  specimens  from  La  Candela, 
Colombia,  while  those  from  Peru  have  the  back  of  a  somewhat  richer  green. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Guarico,  Lara  i.  Colombia:  Bogotd  3,  La 
Candela,  Huila  3.  Peru:  Huachipa  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  265 

Platytriccus  saturates  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  20,  88,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Para  (crit.,  range);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  222,  1916 — Nericagua  and  La  Pricion. 

Placostomus  saturates  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  145,  pi.  3,  fig.  2,  1921 — 
Ituribisi  River,  Bartica,  Kamakabra  Creek,  Bonasica,  Makauria,  Abary,  and 
Anarica  River. 

Range:  Southern  Venezuela  (Nericagua,  above  the  falls  of  Mai- 
pures,  Orinoco  River;  La  Pricion,  Caura  Valley);  British,  Dutch,  and 
French  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (north  bank  of  lower  Amazon,  west  to 
the  Jamunda;  south  of  the  river,  from  Para  east  to  western  Maranhao)". 

i:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i). 

Platyrinchus  mystaceus  bifasciatus   Alien*.     DOUBLE-BANDED  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  bifasciatus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  141,  1889 — 
Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Chapada;  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  263,  1907 — Matto  Grosso. 

Range:  Southwestern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada). 

*Platyrinchus  mystaceus  mystaceus  Vieillot.   YELLOW-CRESTED  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Platyrhynchos(us)  mystaceus  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  £d.,  27, 
p.  14,  1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  173,  Paraguay0;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  100,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Ypanema  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  352 — Lagoa  Santa  and  Sete 
Lagoas  (Minas  Geraes),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo);  BERLEPSCH, 
Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  258,  1873 — Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina;  idem  and  IHER- 
ING, Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  129,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  WHITE, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.f"i882,  p.  605 — San  Javier,  Misiones;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  136,  1888 — San  Javier  (range  excl.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  67,  1888 — part,  spec,  i-s,  Bahia,  Pelotas,  Brazil;  BOUCARD 
and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio; 

a  Four  specimens  from  Brazil  (Para  and  Maranhao)  are  slightly  paler  below  and 
have  the  lower  mandible  mostly  grayish. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Nericagua,  Orinoco  River  i ;  La  Pricion,  Caura 
2,  La  Union,  Caura  i.  British  Guiana:  Merum6  Mts.  (the  type)  i.  French  Guiana: 
Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  2,  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  hinterland  of 
Paramaribo  2.  Brazil:  Peixe-Boi,  Para  3,  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i. 

b  Platyrinchus  mystaceus  bifasciatus  ALLEN  :  Easily  distinguished  from  P.  m. 
mystaceus  by  decidedly  olive  green  (instead  of  dark  buffy  citrine)  upper  parts;  two 
prominent  wing-bands,  formed  by  the  deep  buffy  tips  to  the  median  and  greater 
wing  coverts;  and  deeper,  more  ochraceous  belly.  Wing  (male)  55-58,  (female)  5 1-53 ; 
tail  28-32. 

Eight  specimens  from  the  type  locality  examined. 

e  We  suggest  San  Ignacio  Guazu  (in  southern  Paraguay),  the  residence  of  Noseda 
who  supplied  Azara  with  the  description  of  the  bird. 


266  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  125,  1899 — Mundo  Novo; 
idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  182,  1899 — Tiete"  and  Piquete,  Sao  Paulo; 
idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo,  Rio;  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  295,  1902  (nest 
descr.);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  263,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo, 
Ubatuba,  Itarare",  Avanhandava,  Tiete",  Osasco,  Baurii,  Piquete  (Sao  Paulo), 
Ourinho  (Parand),  Novo  Hamburgo  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
P-  577 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  71,  1910 — Sao  Goncalinho  and  Riacho  da  Raiz,  Piauhy;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  157,  1925 — same  localities;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci. 
Varsovie,  5,  p.  480,  497,  1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana. 

Platyrhynchos  cancroma  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  2,  pi.  12,  fig.  2, 
1820 — Brazil. 

Platyrhynchus  cancromus  SWAINSON,  Zool.  111.,  2,  pi.  115  (=female),  1822 — 
Brazil;  idem,  Nat.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10,  p.  158,  pi.  17  (  =  male),  1838 — Brazil. 

Todus  cancroma  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  51,  1823 — Bahia. 

Platyrhyncus  cancromus  DESCOURTILZ,  Orn.  Br6sil.,  p.  22,  pi.  24,  fig.  5,  1856 — 
Brazil. 

Platyrhynchus  cancroma  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  500,  1856 — 
Sete  Lagoas,  Minas  Geraes;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Canta- 
gallo, Rio. 

Platytriccus  mystaceus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  324,  1910 — 
San  Javier,  Misiones;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Alto  Parand, 
Paraguay;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  98,  1918 — Santa  Ana,  Misiones; 
BERTONI,  I.e.,  p.  190,  1918  (nest  descr.). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  eastern  Brazil,  from  Maranhao  south 
to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  adjacent  districts  of  Argentina  (Misiones) 
and  Paraguay6. 

14:  Brazil  (Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo  2;  Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i ;  Rosario,  Maranhao  6,  Grajahu,  Maranhao  i) ; 
Argentina,  Misiones  (Puerto  Segundo  3,  Eldorado  i). 

Platyrinchus  mystaceus  insularis  Allen*.  VENEZUELAN  FLAT-BILL. 

a  Material  examined. — Brazil,  Maranhao  7 ;  Bahia  2 ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  2 ;  Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Sao  Paulo,  Ypanema  8,  Ypiranga  2,  Piquete  3;  Rosa  Nova, 
Serra  do  Mar,  Parand  i ;  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo  i,  Sao  Joao 
do  Monte  Negro  i.  Argentina,  Misiones:  Puerto  Segundo  3,  Eldorado  i. 

b  Platyrinchus  mystaceus  insularis  ALLEN:  Similar  to  P.  m.  mystaceus,  but 
somewhat  larger  (wing  of  adult  male  55-59,  against  52-55);  upper  parts  decidedly 
paler  and  more  greenish;  under  parts  as  a  rule  also  paler,  with  less,  if  any,  ochreous 
suffusion  on  chest  and  flanks. 

Birds  from  the  Venezuelan  north  coast  are  obviously  inseparable  from  those  of 
Trinidad  and  Tobago,  while  some  of  the  skins  from  Roraima  and  the  Orinoco  Valley, 
by  more  brownish  back,  form  the  passage  to  P.  m.  mystaceus. 

Material  examined. — Tobago:  Man  o'  War  Bay  2,  Castare  2,  Mondland  i.  Trini- 
dad: Caparo  14,  Laventille  i.  Venezuela:  San  Felix,  Bermudez  i;  Loma  Redonda, 
Caracas  Mts.  i;  Cumbre  de  Valencia  4,  Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo  4;  near  Bucarito, 
Tocuyo,  Lara  2;  Caicara,  R.  Orinoco  i.  British  Guiana:  Roraima  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY-HELLMAYR.  267 

Platyrhynchus  insularis  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  143,  1889  — 
Tobago. 

Platyrhynchus  cancromus  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20, 
p.  331,  1847  —  Tobago;  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  243,  1866  —  Trinidad. 

Platyrhynchus  albogularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1869,  p.  252  —  Lake  of  Valencia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  67,  1888  — 
part,  spec,  d,  e,  San  Esteban,  Venezuela. 

Platyrhynchus  mystaceus  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  292  —  Roraima; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  67,  1888  —  part,  spec,  a-h,  Tobago,  Ro- 
raima and  Mt.  Twek-quay  (British  Guiana);  DALMAS,  Mem.  Soc.  Zool. 
France,  13,  p.  138,  1900  —  Tobago. 

Platyrhynchus  mystaceus  subsp.?  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  37, 
1902  —  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco. 

Platyrhynchus  mystaceus  insularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6, 
p.  37,  1894  —  Trinidad;  ROBINSON,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  18,  p.  684,  1896  — 
La  Guaira;  idem  and  RICHMOND,  I.e.,  24,  p.  174,  1901  —  La  Guaira;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  22,  1906  —  Laventille  and  Caparo,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  189,  1906  —  Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Platytriccus  insularis  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  360,  1908  — 
Carenage  and  Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Platytriccus  mystaceus  insularis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  74,  1912  —  Cumbre  de  Valencia  and  Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo  (crit.); 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  220,  1916  —  Las  Barrancas  and 
Caicara,  Orinoco  River. 

Placoslomus  insularis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  144,  1921  —  Roraima  and 
Mt.  Twek-quay. 

Range:  Islands  of  Tobago  and  Trinidad;  northern  Venezuela, 
from  Bermudez  west  to  the  State  of  Lara  (Tocuyo),  south  to  the  Orinoco 
Valley  (Las  Barrancas;  Caicara);  British  Guiana  (Roraima  and  Mt. 
Twek-quay). 

*Platyrinchus  mystaceus  zamorae  (Chapman)*.  ZAMORA  FLAT-BILL. 

Platytriccus  albogularis  zamorae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  5,  1924  — 
Zamora,  Prov.  Loja,  eastern  Ecuador. 

Platyrhynchus  albigularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
P-  233  —  Tambillo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  255,  1884  —  Tambillo;  idem  and 
,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  88  —  Machay,  Ecuador. 


a  Platyrinchus  mystaceus  zamorae  (CHAPMAN)  :  Nearly  related  to  P.  m.  albo- 
gularis, but  under  parts  much  paler,  massicot  yellow  or  cream  color,  the  chest  and  sides 
faintly  tinged  with  pale  buffy  brownish  instead  of  being  strongly  washed  with  old 
gold;  back  as  a  rule  more  rufescent  (slightly  more  reddish  than  medal  bronze); 
mandible  with  a  distinct  pale  grayish  tip.  Wing  (male)  59-62,  (female)  54;  tail  33-37, 
(female)  28. 

Material  examined.  —  Ecuador:  Sabanilla,  Rio  Zamora  i,  below  San  Jos6  de 
Sumarco  i,  Baeza  i.  Peru:  Huachipa  i,  Chinchao  i. 


268  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Sabanilla,  below  San  Jose  de 
Sumarco,  Baeza,  Machay)  and  northern  Peru,  south  to  Dept.  Junin. 

2:    Peru  (Huachipa  i,  Chinchao,  Dept.  Hudnuco  i). 


*Platyrinchus  mystaceus  neglectus  (Toddy.   NEGLECTED  FLAT-BILL. 

Platytriccus  albogularis  neglectus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  114,  1919 — 
La  Colorada,  Boyaca,  Colombia  (type  examined) ;  idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  380,  1922 — Cincinnati,  Las  Vegas,  and  Pueblo  Viejo, 
Santa  Marta  region  (crit.). 

Platyrhynchus  cancroma  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phila., 
1860,  p.  144 — Rio  Truando. 

Platyrhynchus  albogularis  (not  of  SCLATER  1860)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  67,  1888 — part,  spec,  f-o,  Calovevora,  Calobre,  Veragua,  Chiriqui,  Naranjo 
and  Irazii  (Costa  Rica);  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  96,  1899 — 
La  Conception;  idem,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  34,  1902 — Boquete  and 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 

Platytriccus  albogularis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  384,  1907 — 
part,  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  and  Colombia;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  727,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Range:  Eastern  and  northern  Colombia  (La  Colorada,  State  of 
Boyaca;  Santa  Marta  region;  Rio  Truando);  Panama  (Veragua.Chiri- 
qui)  and  Costa  Rica  (chiefly  on  the  Caribbean  slope). 

i :    Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui  i). 


*Platyrinchus  mystaceus  albogularis  Sclater*.   WHITE-THROATED  FLAT- 
BILL. 

•  Platyrinchus  mystaceus  neglectus  (Toon) :  Closely  similar  to  P.  m.  zamorae, 
but  upper  parts  much  lighter,  even  paler  and  more  olivaceous  than  in  P.  m.  albo- 
gularis, with  the  crown  laterally  less  obscured,  and  the  edges  to  the  wing  coverts  and 
quills  much  less  rufescent;  coloration  of  under  parts  intermediate  between  zamorae 
and  albogularis,  averaging  rather  brighter  with  more  buffy  suffusion  on  chest  and 
sides  than  in  the  former,  yet  decidedly  paler  than  in  the  latter;  lower  mandible  tipped 
with  pale  grayish  as  in  zamorae.  Wing  (male)  59-61,  (female)  53-56;  tail  32-36, 
(female)  28-31. 

Two  adult  males  from  Boquete  (Chiriqui)  agree  perfectly  with  the  Colombian 
series,  and  I  have  little  doubt  that  specimens  from  Costa  Rica,  universally  referred 
to  albogularis,  will  also  prove  to  belong  with  the  present  form. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  La  Colorada,  Boyaca  (the  type)  i,  Pueblo  Viejo, 
Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta  i,  Cincinnati  3,  Las  Vegas  6.  Panama:  Boquete, 
Chiriqui  2. 

b  Platyrinchus  mystaceus  albogularis  SCLATER:  Differs  from  the  other  Andean 
races  by  much  deeper  yellow  (between  Naples  and  mustard  yellow)  under  parts  with 
a  strong  tinge  of  old  gold  on  chest  and  sides,  and  nearly  wholly  black  mandible.  The 
back  is  dark  brownish  olive  (between  medal  bronze  and  dark  citrine),  conspicuously 
darker  than  in  neglectus,  but  less  brownish  than  in  zamorae  while  the  wing-coverts 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  269 

Platyrhynchus  albogularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  68,  1860 — Pallatanga; 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  92,  1860 — Nanegal;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  295,  1860 — Esmeraldas;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  553 — Chimbo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  67,  pi.  8,  fig.  2,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Pallatanga,  Nanegal, 
Santa  Rita;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  9, 
p.  607,  1902 — Paramba;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  4,  1899 — Rio  Peripa;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  702 — San 
Nicolas  and  Gualea. 

Platytriccus  mystaceus  albogularis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1125 — 
Pueblo  Rico,  San  Juan  slopes  of  Western  Andes,  Colombia. 

Platytriccus  albogularis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  433,  1917 — 
Las  Lomitas  (Western  Andes),  La  Manuelita  and  Rio  Frio  (Cauca  Valley), 
La  Candela,  head  of  Magdalena  Valley,  Colombia. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  and  western  Colombia  (Pacific  slope  of 
Western  Andes;  Cauca  Valley;  head  of  Magdalena  Valley). 

i:    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

*Platyrinchus  cancrominus  Sclater  and  Salvin*.  MEXICAN  FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  cancrominus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1860,  p.  299 — 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  66,  1888 
— Guatemala. 

Platytriccus  cancrominus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  382, 
1907 — southern  Mexico  to  western  Costa  Rica  (monog.,  full  references); 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  728,  1910 — northern  Pacific  coast  of 
Costa  Rica. 

Platytriccus  cancrominus  dilutus  MILLER  and  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  139, 
p.  4,  1925 — Volcan  Viejo,  Nicaragua. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco,  Yuca- 
tan, and  Chiapas),  south  through  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and  Nicaragua 
to  western  Costa  Ricab. 

5:  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  i,  San  Emilis,  Lake 
Nicaragua  2);  Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i,  Tenorio  i). 

and  remiges  are  as  distinctly  edged  with  rufescent  as  in  the  last-named  race.    Wing 
(male)  58-60;  tail  29-32. 

Specimens  from  the  West  Colombian  Andes  slightly  diverge  toward  P.  m.  neglec- 
tus. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  4,  Mindo  2,  San  Nicolas  3,  Esmeraldas  i, 
Paramba  i.  Colombia:  Pueblo  Rico  i,  Las  Lomitas  i. 

•I  would  unhesitatingly  regard  this  "species"  as  a  member  of  the  mystaceus 
group  were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  Carriker  (I.e.,  p.  727,  728)  records  both  P.  cancro- 
minus and  P.  mystaceus'1  albogularis"  [probably  neglectus]  from  a  number  of  localities 
in  Costa  Rica. 

b  After  examining  the  large  series  in  the  British  Museum  I  am  unable  to  recognize 
P.  c.  dilutus  as  distinct. 


270  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Platyrinchus  coronatus  coronatus  Sclater.  GOLDEN-CROWNED  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  coronatus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  26,  p.  71,  1858 — Rio  Napo, 
Ecuador  (type  in  British  Museum  examined) ;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds, 
p.  207,  pi.  17,  1862 — Ecuador;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  68,  1888 — 
Sarayacu,  Ecuador;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — 
falls  of  the  Rio  Madeira;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
14,  No.  362,  p.  4,  1899 — part,  spec,  a,  Rio  Santiago;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  397,  1914 — Rio  Curua  (Mai.  de  Manuelsinho),  Rio  Jamauchim 
(Tucunare',  Salto  Grande). 

Platyrhynchus  coronatus  coronatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  354,  355,  1907 — 
Humaytha  and  Paraizo,  Rio  Madeira  (crit. ;  range  part,  excl.  Guianas). 

Platyrinchus  coronatus  coronatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  287,  1910 — • 
Calama,  Rio  Madeira  and  Maroins,  Rio  Machados. 

Placostomus  coronatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  433,  1917 — 
La  Murelia,  Rio  Caqueta. 

Range:  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta) 
south  through  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Santiago) 
and  eastern  Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Ucayali  drainage,  Dept.  Junin) 
to  northern  Bolivia  (falls  of  the  Rio  Madeira)  and  through  Brazil  east 
to  the  Xingu*. 

i :     Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

Platyrinchus  coronatus  gumia  (Bangs  and  Penard)b.  GUIANAN  GOL- 
DEN-CROWNED FLAT-BILL. 

Placostomus  coronatus  gumia  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
p.  74,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Dutch  Guiana. 

Platyrhynchus  superciliaris  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  292, 
1885 — Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana  and  Albina,  Surinam  (spec,  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  68,  1888 — part,  spec,  i-m,  Bartica  Grove, 
Albina,  Oyapoc;  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  211,  1910 — 
Surinam;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  398,  1914 — Rio  Jary  (Sao  An- 
tonio da  Cachoeira). 

Platyrhynchus  coronatus  coronatus  (not  of  SCLATER)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14, 
P-  355.  1917 — part,  Ourumee  and  Bartica  Grove  (British  Guiana),  Oyapoc, 
and  Albina,  Surinam. 

B  Specimens  from  Brazil  agree  with  others  from  Ecuador. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  (the  type)  i,  Sarayacu  3,  Rio  Santiago 
i.  Peru:  Puerto  Bermudez  i .  Brazil,  Rio  Madeira:  Humaytha  4,  Paraizo  2,  Calama 
5 ;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  3;  Rio  Jamauchim  i. 

b  Platyrinchus  coronatus  gumia  (BANGS  and  PENARD)  :  Closely  allied  to  P.  c. 
coronatus,  but  under  parts  much  brighter,  purer  (not  buffy)  yellow,  with  very  little, 
if  any,  brownish  suffusion  on  the  breast;  size  on  average  smaller.  Wing  (male)  54-56, 
(female)  55;  tail  23-26. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Oyapoc  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  Albina  i. 
British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  2,  Ourumee  2.  Brazil:  Rio  Jary  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  271 

Platyrinchus  superciliaris  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  131,  1908 — Oyapoc, 

Cayenne. 
Placostomus  superciliaris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  379, 

1907 — part,  British  Guiana  and  Cayenne. 
Placostomus  gumia  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  146,  1921 — Ituribisi  River, 

Kamakabra  Creek,  and  Arawai  River,  British  Guiana. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana,  and  northern  Brazil, 
south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Rio  Jary). 

*Platyrinchus  coronatus  superciliaris  Lawrence*.    WESTERN  GOLDEN- 
CROWNED  FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  superciliaris  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  s»  ?•  184,  1863 — Isthmus  of  Panama; 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  68,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-h,  Santa  Fe" 

(Veragua),  Bugaba  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 

Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  6,   1888 — part,  Central  American  records; 

BANGS,  Auk,   18,  p.  361,   1901 — Divala,  Chiriqui;  idem,  Proc.  New  Engl. 

Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  34,  1902 — Caribbean  slope  of  Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 
Platyrhynchus  coronatus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 

Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  4,  1899 — part,  Rio  Peripa  (spec,  examined);  HARTERT, 

Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Lita  and  Cachyjacu,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  (spec. 

examined). 
Platyrhynchus  coronatus  superciliaris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  354,  355, 

1907 — Costa  Rica  to  western  Ecuador  (crit.);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  I.e., 

24,  p.  416,  1917 — Lita  and  Cachyjacu,  Ecuador  (crit.). 
Placostomus  superciliaris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  379, 

1907  (monog.,  range  part,  excl.  British  Guiana  and  Cayenne);  BANGS,  Auk, 

24,  p.  300,  1907 — Boruca,  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  and  Paso  Real,  Costa  Rica; 

CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  728,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits). 
Placostomus  coronatus  superciliaris  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 

65,  p.  216,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo  and  Rio  Esnape,  Darien. 

Range:  Nicaragua;  Costa  Rica;  Panama;  Colombia  (Rio  Truando) 
and  western  Ecuador  (Lita  and  Cachyjacu,  Prov.  Esmeraldas;  Rio 
Peripa). 

5:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i);  Costa  Rica  (La 
Vijagua  i,  Boruca  i,  Lagarto  i,  Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris  i). 

Genus  CNIPODECTES  Sclater  and  Salvin. 

Cnipodectes  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  281 — type  Cyclorhynchus 
subbrunneus  SCLATER. 

*  Platyrinchus  coronatus  superciliaris  LAWRENCE:  Differs  from  the  eastern  forms 
by  much  brighter  green  back  and  clearer  (Naples  yellow)  under  parts,  the  chest  and 
flanks  being  strongly  shaded  with  greenish  olive. 

The  three  Ecuadorian  specimens  examined  do  not  appear  to  be  separable  from 
those  of  Central  America  although  one  is  rather  deeply  colored  underneath. 

Material  examined. — Nicaragua  i.  Costa  Rica  12.  Panama  2.  Ecuador:  Rio 
Peripa  i;  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Lita  i,  Cachyjacu  i. 


272  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cnipodectes    subbrunneus    subbrunneus    (Sclater)*.     BROWN    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Cyclorhynchus  subbrunneus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  282,  1860 — Babahoyo, 
western  Ecuador  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  295, 
1860 — Esmeraldas;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  473,  1862 — 
Panama. 

Myiochanes  subbrunneus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  232,  1862 — Baba- 
hoyo. 

Myiochanes  sp.,  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  360 — Panama 
(spec,  examined). 

Cnipodectes  subbrunneus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  514 — 
Remedies,  Antioquia  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  197,  pi.  1 6,  1888 — Babahoyo,  Esmeraldas  and  Balzar  (Ecuador),  Reme- 
dies, Colombia  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer., 
Aves,  2,  p.  55,  1889 — part,  Panama,  Colombia,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  10,  1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecua- 
dor; RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  484,  1907 — Panama  to 
western  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  55,  p.  515,  1926 — 
Esmeraldas,  Rio  de  Oro,  Bucay,  Chimbo,  and  La  Chonta,  Ecuador. 

Cnipolegus  minor  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  197, 
1888 — part,  spec,  d,  Santa  Rita  (Ecuador),  e,  f,  Panama  (spec,  examined); 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  485,  1907 — part,  Panama  and 
western  Ecuador. 

Cnipodectes  subbrunneus  subbrunneus  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1128, 
1129 — N6vita,  El  Tigre  and  Condoto,  Choc6,  Colombia  (crit.,  range,  synon.); 
BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  218,  1922 — Rio  Esnape, 
Darien. 

Range :  Panama  (Lion  Hill ;  Rio  Esnape,  Darien),  Colombia  (Pacific 
coast;  Remedies),  and  western  Ecuadorb. 

Cnipodectes  subbrunneus  minor  Sclaterc.  LESSER  BROWN  FLYCATCHER. 

Cnipodectes  minor  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  654,  1884 — Chamicuros,  Peru 
(type  in  British  Museum  examined ;  =  juv.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2, 
p.  294,  1884 — Chamicuros;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  197,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  a-c,  Chamicuros;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  485,  1907 — part,  eastern  Peru;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  465,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia. 

Cnipodectes  subbrunneus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1873,  p.  281 — Chamicuros;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves, 

B  For  sexual  differences  and  measurements  of  the  two  races,  see  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1911,  p.  1128-1130. 

b  Material  examined. — Panama:  Lion  Hill  2.  Colombia:  Remedies  i ,  N6vita  2, 
El  Tigre,  Rio  Tamana  i,  Condoto  3.  Ecuador:  Esmeraldas  i,  Balzar  i,  Babahoyo  i. 

«  Cnipodectes  subbrunneus  minor  SCLATER:  Very  similar  to  the  typical  race,  but 
paler,  more  olivaceous  brown,  particularly  above.  Size  not  different. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chamicuros  4.   Brazil:  Rio  Purus  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  273 

2»  P-  55.  J889 — part,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  16, 
1888 — Chamicuros;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  393,  1914 — Rio 
Punis. 

Cnipodectes  subbrunneus  minor  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Rio 
Purvis  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1130 — eastern 
Peru  to  the  Purus,  Brazil  (crit.,  synon.). 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Ca- 
quetd)  south  to  eastern  Peru  (Chamicuros)  and  western  Brazil  (Rio 
Punis). 

Genus  TOLMOMYIAS  genus  nov.» 

*Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  sulphurescens  (Spix).    SULPHURY  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  sulphur-escens  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  10,  pi.  12,  fig.  i,  1825 — part, 
descr.  of  "male"  only  and  hab.  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Piauhy,  we  accept  Rio  de 
Janeiro  as  type  locality  (types  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR, 
Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  643,  1906  (crit.). 

Rhynchocyclus  scotius  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  63,  1902 — Brazil 
(type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  examined1"). 

Rhynchocyclus  grisescens  CHUBB,  Ibis,  (9)  4,  p.  588,  1910 — Sapucay,  Paraguay 
(type  in  British  Museum  examined'). 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  pallescens  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  414,  1917 — Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia  (type  in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  109, 1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Ypanema,  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  REIN- 
HARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  339 — Caxueira  do  Campo 
(Minas  Geraes),  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sao  Carlos  and  Hytu  (Sao  Paulo);  CABANIS. 

•  Tolmomyias  genus  nov. 

Type  Platyrhynchus  sulphurescens  SPIX. 

Similar  to  Rhynchocyclus,  but  bill  relatively  smaller  and  narrower,  subterminal 
phalanx  of  middle  toe  entirely  free  from  outer  toe,  and  edge  of  outer  web  of  outermost 
primary  not  roughened. 

This  group  corresponds  to  Rhynchocyclus  of  Ridgway,  but  not  of  Cabanis 
and  Heine  who  proposed  the  name  as  a  substitute  for  Cyclorhynchus  SUNDE- 
VALL  (preoccupied  by  KAUP)  of  which  Platyrhynchos  olivaceus  TEMMINCK  is 
the  type.  Craspedoprion  HARTERT,  thus,  becomes  a  synonym  of  Rhynchocyclus,  while 
a  new  genus  has  to  be  created  for  the  reception  of  P.  sulphurescens  and  allies. 

b  The  type,  a  skin  of  the  well-known  "Rio"  make,  was  received  in  exchange  from 
the  late  P.  L.  Sclater.  Although  slightly  soiled  and  faded,  it  agrees  with  other  South 
Brazilian  specimens.  It  has  not  more  plumbeous  suffusion  on  the  crown  nor  a  broader 
bill  than  certain  examples  from  Minas  and  Espirito  Santo. 

0  The  type  is  merely  a  color  variety,  due  to  the  absence  of  the  green  and  yellow 
lipochroms  in  the  body  plumage.  The  upper  parts  are  pale  slate  gray,  faintly  shaded 
with  greenish;  the  wing  markings  nearly  white;  the  under  parts  grayish  white  witht 
however,  a  slight  greenish  tinge  on  the  breast  and  a  pale  yellowish  one  on  the  lower 
abdomen.  In  proportions  and  pattern  it  is  exactly  like  four  normally  colored  speci- 
mens taken  at  the  same  locality. 


274  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio  de  Janeiro;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1882,  p.  607 — San  Javier,  Misiones;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  168,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Lagoa  Santa,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  337,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  16,  1897 — Aguairenda,  Bolivia;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  196,  1899 — Piquete,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  l.c.,  4,  p.  155, 
1900 — Cantagallo;  SALVADOR:,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  15,  No.  378,  p.  6, 
1900 — Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25, 
p.  136,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  264, 
1907 — Itatiba,  Jundiahy,  Ubatuba,  Itapurd,  Alto  da  Serra,  Itarare",  and 
Baurii  (Sao  Paulo),  Espirito  Santo,  Ourinho  (Parana),  Puerto  Bertoni  (Para- 
guay); LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  x,  p.  26,  1909 — Ledesma,  Jujuy;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  324,  1910 — Jujuy  and  Misiones; 
CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  587 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  GRANT,  l.c.,  1911,  p.  119 — 
Curuzu  Chica  and  Puerto  San  Juan,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74,  1910 — P6  do  Morro,  near  Parnagua,  Piauhy 
(spec,  examined) ;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56, 1913 — Asunci6n,  Alto  Parana, 
Paraguay;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  315,  1926 — Las  Palmas 
(Chaco)  and  Paraguay. 

Rhynchocydus  assimttis  (not  of  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  1868 — 
part,  Engenho  do  Gama  and  Sao  Vicente,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined). 

Khynchocyclus  sulphur escens  sulphurescens  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool., 
16,  p.  195,  1909 — Ledesma,  Jujuy;  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  I.e.,  24,  p.  414, 
1917 — Sao  Paulo  and  Minas  Geraes;  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  217, 
1919 — southern  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Bolivia  (in  part),  Argentina. 

Range:  Southern  and  eastern  Brazil,  south  to  Santa  Catharina, 
west  to  Matto  Grosso,  north  to  Piauhy  and  central  Maranhao; 
Paraguay;  Argentina  (prov.  Misiones,  Chaco,  Tucuman,  and  Jujuy); 
eastern  Bolivia  (depts.  Tarija  and  Santa  Cruz)a. 

1 1 :  Brazil  (Urucum  de  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  i ;  Victoria,  Sao 
Paulo  i;  GrajaM,  Maranhao  2);  Bolivia  (Buenavista  i);  Argentina 
(Concepcion,  Tucuman  5;  Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  i). 

a  Birds  from  Maranhao  (Grajahu)  and  Piauhy  down  to  Sao  Paulo  and  Paraguay 
agree  well  together,  allowing  the  usual  amount  of  individual  variation  in  size  of  bill  and 
extent  of  slaty  suffusion  on  anterior  and  lateral  portion  of  the  crown.  Specimens  from 
Matto  Grosso  (as  far  north  as  Tapirapoan)  I  am  unable  to  distinguish  from  the 
average  type  of  eastern  Brazil,  and  it  appears  to  me  also  impossible  to  maintain  the 
Bolivian  form  (pallescens).  According  to  the  describers,  this  race  is  brighter  green 
above  and  paler  yellow  beneath — differences  which  are  not  corroborated  by  the  series 
before  me.  It  may  be  that  Bolivian  specimens  have  the  crown  more  largely  suffused 
with  slaty,  but  even  this  is  far  from  constant.  This  tendency  towards  the  characters 
of  assimilis  is  even  more  marked  in  one  specimen  from  western  Matto  Grosso 
(Engenho  do  Gama)  which,  by  its  almost  wholly  slate  gray  crown,  closely  ap- 
proaches the  Amazonian  race. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Ledesma,  Jujuy  i;  Concepcion,  Tucum&n  5; 
Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  i.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  5,  Trinidad  i,  Fort  Wheeler  2. 
Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  3,  Buenavista  i,  Prov.  Sara  2.  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Sao 


IQ27-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  275 

*Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  assimilis  (Pelzeln)*.     SIMILAR  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  assimilis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  181,  1868 — part,  types 
from  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  in  Vienna  Museum  examined b. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.', 
1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  279 — Ucayali, 
Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Pebas  (spec,  examined); 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  20,  1882 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  280, 
1884 — Peruvian  localities;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  168,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  e,  r-u,  Rio  Madeira,  Chamicuros,  Chyavetas,  Xeberos;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — Mapiri,  Bolivia;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  394,  1914 — part,  Para,  Santa  Isabel,  Rio  Tocantins 
(Cameta,  Baiao,  Arumatheua),  Rio  Curua  (Malocca  do  Manuelsinho), 
Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim,  Cameta). 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  assimilis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  297,  1910 — 
Calama,  Rio  Madeira,  and  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  435,  1917 — part,  headwaters  of  the  Rio  Roose- 
velt (spec,  examined);  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  414,  1917 — 
Calama  (Rio  Madeira),  Chamicuros  and  Xeberos  (Peru),  Teff6  (Rio  Solimoes) 
(crit.);  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  217,  1919 — part. 

Vicente  i,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore1  2,  Chapada  2,  Urucvim  3,  Tapiropoan  i. 
Sao  Paulo:  Itarar6  i,  Itatiba  i,  Yporanga  i,  Victoria  2,  Ypanema  6,  Fazenda  Cayoa, 
Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  2.  Minas  Geraes :  Pirapora,  Rio  Sao  Francisco  i , 
Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem  2,  Sao  Francisco  i.  Rip  de  Janeiro:  Rio  i.  Espirito 
Santo  i.  Bahia  3.  Piauhy:  Pe"  do  Morro,  near  Buriti  i.  Maranhao:  Grajahii  2. 

•  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  assimilis  (PELZELN)  :  Easily  distinguished  from 
T.  s.  sulphurescens  by  plumbeous  crown  (with  very  little  greenish  suffusion),  much 
duller  (not  at  all  yellowish)  green  back,  paler  yellow  under  parts  with  the  throat  and 
foreneck  passing  into  yellowish  white,  and  much  more  prominent,  pale  sulphur 
yellow  markings  on  the  larger  upper  wing-coverts.  Wing  (male)  67-71,  (female) 
63-66;  tail  50-60;  bill  12-13. 

The  subspecific  characters  are  developed,  to  the  highest  degree,  in  specimens 
from  the  territory  comprised  between  the  Tapaj6z  and  the  Rio  Madeira.  Birds  from 
northern  Matto  Grosso  (Barao  Melgago,  Rio  Roosevelt)  and  the  plains  of  eastern 
Peru  (Chamicuros,  Xeberos)  are  likewise  typical,  while  a  series  from  the  northern 
base  of  the  Bolivian  Andes  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba),  by  slightly  more 
olivaceous  crown  and  brighter  green  back,  somewhat  diverge  in  the  direction  of 
sulphurescens.  Examples  from  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z  (Santarem,  Miritituba) 
and  Pard  show  a  similar  tendency,  and  in  northern  Maranhao  intergradation  be- 
tween the  two  forms  is  complete.  Two  of  our  specimens  from  Tury-assu  are  fairly 
typical  of  assimilis  aud  can  be  matched  by  skins  from  Pard.  and  Miritituba,  while 
the  two  others  are  exactly  intermediate  to  sulphurescens. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  4;  Benevides,  Pard  4;  San- 
tarem i,  Colonia  do  Mojuy,  Santarem  5,  Miritituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z  3,  Villa  Braga, 
Tapaj6z  2,  Apacy,  Rio  Tapaj6z  i ;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (the  types)  2,  Calama,  Rio 
Madeira  5,  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  2;  Barao  Melgago,  Rio  Roosevelt,  Matto 
Grosso  4.  Bolivia:  Son  go,  Yungas  of  La  Paz  2,  Rio  San  Mateo  i,  Quebrada  Onda, 
Yungas  of  Cochabamba  3.  Peru:  Chamicuros  2,  Xeberos  2. 

b  Pelzeln,  while  also  referring  specimens  from  the  Rio  Negro  (  =  cherriei)  and 
Matto  Grosso  (intergrades)  to  R.  assimilis,  obviously  based  his  description  on  the 
Borba  birds,  the  only  ones  in  the  series  to  which  the  terms  "pileo  plumbescente" 
and  "marginibus  tectricum  alarum fere  albis"  are  applicable. 


276  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range :  Plains  of  eastern  Peru  (east  of  the  Cordillera  Oriental)  and 
northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  east  to  northern  Maranhao, 
south  to  northern  Matto  Grosso  (headwaters  of  the  Rio  Roosevelt)  and 
the  northern  base  of  the  Bolivian  Andes  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and 
Cochabamba). 

4:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  4). 

Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  peruvianus  (Taczanowski)*.  PERUVIAN  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  peruvianus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  537 — Ropay- 
bamba,  Dept.  Junin:  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  20 — Huambo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  281,  1884 — part,  Ropaybamba,  Huambo;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1885,  p.  90 — Mapoto  and  Machay,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined) ;  SCLATER  , 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  169,  1888 — Huambo. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  168, 
1888 — part,  spec,  w,  x,  Sarayacu,  Ecuador. 

Rhynchocyclus  peruvianus  peruvianus  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  219, 
1919 — Peru. 

Range:  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Junin  (Ropaybamba),  Libertad  (Nuevo 
Loreto,  southeast  of  Huaylillas,  Prov.  Pataz),  and  Amazonas  (Huambo, 
Valley  of  Huayabamba),  and  eastern  Ecuador  (Machay,  Mapoto). 

Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  aequatorialis  (Berlepsch  and  Taczanowski)b. 
EQUATORIAL  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  peruvianus  aequatorialis  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1883,  p.  556 — Chimbo  and  Guayaquil,  southwestern  Ecuador,  and 
Lechugal,  Prov.  Tumbez,  Peru  (type  from  Chimbo  in  Warsaw  Museum 

8  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  peruvianus  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Very  nearly  related  to 
T.  s.  assimilis,  but  pileum  even  more  uniform  plumbeous  (without  any  olive  edges) ; 
back  much  brighter  and  more  yellowish  green;  wing  markings  and  under  parts  richer 
yellow.  Wing  (male)  69-71,  (female)  67;  tail  57-59;  bill  12-13. 

This  is  obviously  a  bright  colored  form  of  assimilis,  representing  it  in  northern 
Peru  west  of  the  Eastern  Cordillera  and  ranging  to  eastern  Ecuador.  Two  skins 
from  the  latter  country  agree  in  every  particular  with  others  from  Peru. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Mapoto  i,  Machay  i.  Peru:  Huambo  3, 
Nuevo  Loreto,  southeast  of  Huaylillas  i. 

b  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  aequatorialis  (BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI): 
Similar  to  T.  s.  peruvianus,  but  smaller;  crown  lighter  gray;  under  parts  decidedly 
paler  yellow;  throat  more  whitish.  Wing  (male)  62-65,  (female)  60-63;  tail  58-60, 
(female)  54-56;  bill  12-13. 

This  form  may  be  recognized  from  T.  s.  asemus,  of  western  Colombia,  by  paler 
gray  pileum  (without  any  olivaceous  suffusion),  brighter  green  back,  much  deeper 
yellow  under  parts,  not  flammulated  with  whitish  on  chest,  and  smaller  size.  It  is 
quite  distinct  specifically  from  T.  flavotectus  which  occurs  at  least  in  part  of  its  range, 
differing  in  much  longer  tail,  much  lighter  and  clearer  slate  gray  of  crown,  bright 
yellowish  green  (instead  of  dull  olive  green)  back,  shorter,  more  spot-like  markings  on 
greater  upper  wing-coverts,  and  in  the  much  deeper  yellow  of  the  abdomen  extending 
unimpaired  up  to  the  lower  throat. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  2,  Guayaquil  2,  San  Nicolas  i,  Esmeral- 
das  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  277 

examined);  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  219,  1919 — western  Ecuador 
and  northwestern  Peru. 

Rhynchocydus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877, 
p.  326 — Lechugal,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  168,  1888 
— part,  spec,  y,  Balzar. 

Rhynchocydus  peruvianus  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI  1874)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2, 
p.  281,  1884 — part,  Lechugal;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  705 — San  Nicolas, 
Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocydus  aequatorialis  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  362,  p.  9,  1899 — Babahoyo,  Guayaquil,  Balzar. 

[Rhynchocydus  marginatus]  flavotectus  (not  of  HARTERT)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  436,  1917,  in  text — Esmeraldas  and  Guayaquil  (spec, 
examined);  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  220,  1919 — part,  diag.  and 
hab.  Guayaquil,  Esmeraldas. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  and  adjacent  portion  of 
the  Peruvian  Province  of  Tumbez  (Lechugal,  Rio  Zurumilla). 

*Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  cherriei  (Hartert  and  Goodson)*.    CHER- 
RIE'S  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocydus  sulphurescens  cherriei  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  414,  1917 — Cayenne,  French  Guiana  (type  examined) ;  BANGS  and  PENARD, 
Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  75,  1918 — Paramaribo  and  Lelydorp,  Surinam; 
CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  218,  1919 — French  and  Dutch  Guiana. 

Rhynchocydus  sulphurescens  examinatus  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  40,  p.  108, 
1920 — Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiatna  (type  examined);  idem,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  149,  1921 — British  Guiana  (numerous  localities). 

Rhynchocydus  assimilis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  181,  1868 — part,  Barra  do 
Rio  Negro  [=Manaos]  and  Rio  Negro  ^spec.  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Rhynchocydus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  295 — Bartica 
Grove,  Camacusa,  Merume'  Mts.  Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  168, 1888 — part,  spec,  f-q,  Bartica,  Camacusa,  Merume"  Mts.,  Rio  Carimang, 
Roraima,  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  394,  1914 — part,  Rio 
Jary;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  236,  1916 — Caicara, 
Orinoco. 

*  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  cherriei  (HARTERT  and  GOODSON)  :  Closely  allied  to 
T.  s.  assimilis,  but  pileum  somewhat  darker,  more  tinged  with  olivaceous,  and  edges 
to  upper  wing-coverts  paler  and  less  prominent.  The  other  points  of  distinction  men- 
tioned by  the  describers  do  not  hold  good. 

Birds  from  Villavicencio  and  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  agree  perfectly  with 
the  Guianan  ones.  Specimens  from  Roraima  and  Merume"  Mts.  average  slightly  larger 
than  those  from  the  lowland  districts. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  5,  Roche- Marie  i.  Dutch 
Guiana:  near  Paramaribo  2.  British  Guiana:  Mazaruni  River  i,  Bartica  Grove  2, 
Camacusa  2,  Ourumee  i,  Merum6  Mts.  i,  Roraima  7.  Venezuela:  Maipures,  Rio 
Orinoco  i,  La  Pricion,  Caura  2.  Colombia:  Villavicencio  2,  "Bogotd"  4.  Brazil: 
Islands  near  Obidos  i,  Itacoatiard  i,  Manaos  i,  Rio  Negro  between  Barcellos  and 
Sao  Gabriel  i. 


278  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Rhynchocyclus  poliocephalus  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  47,  1902 — part,  Maipures,  Orinoco  River,  and  La  Prition, 
Caura  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  subsp.  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  130,  1908 — 
Cayenne  and  Roche-Marie,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  assimilis  (not  of  PELZELN)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  236,  1916 — foot  of  Mount  Duida,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  435,  1917 — Villavicencio,  Buenavista, 
Florencia,  Colombia;  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  217,  1919 — part, 
Brazil  north  of  the  Amazon,  Venezuela,  British  Guiana,  and  southeastern 
Colombia. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Orinoco — except  the  delta  region — and  Caura  valleys) ;  eastern  Colom- 
bia (Villavicencio;  Rio  Caqueta);  and  northern  Brazil,  north  of  the 
Amazon  (Rio  Jary,  Obidos,  Itacoatiara,  Rio  Negro). 

2:    British  Guiana  (Mazaruni  River  i);  Brazil  (Itacoatiard  i). 

Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  asemus  (Bangs)*.  PALMER'S  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  asemus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  23,  p.  73, 
1910 — near  Pavas,  Western  Andes,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  434,  1917 — Dabeiba,  Puerto  Valdivia,  Rio  Frio,  Cali, 
Miraflores,  Colombia. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  subsp.  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  302,  1884 — 
Bucaramanga. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  exortivus  (not  of  BANGS)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  435,  1917 — part,  Malena  and  Chicoral,  near  Honda,  upper 
Magdalena  Valley;  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  415,  1917 — 
Jimenez  and  Bogota  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps  asemus  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  219,  1919 — 
Western  Colombia. 

Range:  Colombia  (Western  Andes,  north  to  the  Rio  Sucio;  Cauca 
Valley;  upper  Magdalena  Valley,  down  to  Puerto  Berrio  and  Bucara- 
manga). 

*  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  asemus  (BANGS)  :  Nearest  to  T.  s.  cherriei,  but 
pileum  of  a  clearer  slate  gray,  without  any  olivaceous  suffusion;  throat  whitish  (in- 
stead of  yellowish);  foreneck  and  chest  flammulated  with  grayish  white;  abdomen 
paler  yellow.  Wing  (male)  67-71,  (female)  64-67;  tail  57-61. 

Birds  from  the  Cauca  Valley  (Rio  Frio  and  Miraflores)  are  identical  with  others 
from  the  Western  Andes  (Jimenez).  An  adult  female  from  Chicoral  (near  Honda) 
and  a  series  of  Bogotd  skins  have  the  back  slightly  fresher  green,  though  in  other 
respects  they  are  typical  asemus.  A  skin  from  Malena  and  two  from  Bucaramanga 
are  exactly  intermediate  between  asemus  and  exortivus  and  might  with  equal  reason 
be  referred  to  either  form. 

Material  examined. — Jimenez  2,  Miraflores  i,  Rio  Frio  i,  Malena  i,  Bucaramanga 
2,  Chicoral  i,  "Bogota"  8. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  279 

*Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  exortivus  (Bangs}*.   SANTA  MARTA  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  exortivus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  21,  p.  163, 
1908 — La  Concepcion,  Santa  Marta;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  435,  1917 — part,  Opon,  Rio  Magdalena  (spec,  examined);  CORY,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  218,  1919 — northern  Colombia  and  northern  Venezuela 
(crit.);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  376,  1922 — Mama- 
toco,  Cincinnati,  La  Tigrera,  Fundaci6n,  Don  Diego,  Dibulla,  Tucurinca,  and 
Arroya  de  Arenas,  Santa  Marta  district  (crit.). 

Platyrhynchus  aequinoctialis  (not  of  SCLATER)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  245, 
1866— Trinidad. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  168 — Caripe";  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  168,  1888 — part, 
spec,  z,  a',  c',  Puerto  Cabello,  Caripe",  Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  54,  1892 — El  Pilar,  near  Carupano;  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  6,  p.  39, 
1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — San  Antonio, 
Bermudez;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta; 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  176,  1898 — Palomina;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13, 
p.  146,  1900 — Minca  and  Bonda,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  sulphurescens  (errore)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
p.  23,  1906 — Caparo,  Tacarigua,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  i,  p.  189,  1906 — Aripo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  361,  1908 — Carenage  and  Aripo, 
Trinidad. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  assimilis  (not  of  PELZELN)  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  80,  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Cumbre  de  Valencia, 
Carabobo;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  65,  p.  204,  1913 — Cariaquito 
(south  shore  of  Paria  Peninsula),  Bermudez  and  Jocopita,  Manimo  River, 
Delta  Superior  del  Orinoco  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  berlepschi  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  415,  1917 — Caparo,  Trinidad  (type  examined);  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  32,  p.  218,  1919 — Trinidad;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  29,  p.  382,  1922 
(crit.). 

•  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  exortivus  (BANGS)  :  Similar  to  T.  s.  asemus,  but  crown 
mostly  green;  back  brighter  green;  under  parts  wholly  yellow,  the  throat  but  slightly 
paler  than  the  rest;  similar  also  to  T.  s.  cherriei,  but  much  brighter  green  above,  with 
little  grayish  suffusion  on  crown;  yellow  edges  to  wing  coverts  more  conspicuous; 
under  parts  richer,  with  throat  much  more  yellowish.  Wing  (male)  66-69,  (female) 
64-67;  tail  55-62;  bill  \\Yi-\2,. 

Specimens  from  the  Venezuelan  north  coast  are  precisely  similar  to  a  series  from 
the  Santa  Marta  region,  while  those  from  Trinidad  (berlepschi)  have  the  crown  per- 
haps more  uniform  green.  A  single  female  from  Opon  (lower  Magdalena)  has  more 
grayish  suffusion  on  the  crown  than  the  average  from  Venezuela,  though  it  is  exactly 
matched  by  an  adult  male  from  Loma  Redonda,  near  Caracas. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bonda  3,  Minca  2;  Opon,  Magdalena  River  i. 
Venezuela:  Colon,  Tachira  i;  Orope,  Zulia  i,  Encon trades,  Zulia  i;  Las  Quiguas, 
Carabobo  4;  Caracas  10,  Macuto,  Caracas  i,  Loma  Redonda,  north  of  Caracas  10; 
Santa  Ana  i,  Campos  Alegre  i,  Caripe"  i,  Cariaquito,  Bermudez  i;  Jocopita,  Delta 
Superior  del  Orinoco  i.  Trinidad:  Caparo  17,  Aripo  i,  Carenage  i,  Tacarigua  i, 
Chaguaramas  i,  St.  Anns  Valley,  Port  of  Spain  2. 


a8o  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Island  of  Trinidad;  Caribbean  coast  districts  of  northern 
Venezuela,  from  the  Delta  Superior  del  Orinoco  (Manimo  River)  and 
the  Paria  Peninsula  west  to  Tachira  and  Zulia,  and  Colombia  (Santa 
Marta  region,  south  to  Opon,  on  the  lower  Magdalena). 

16:  Trinidad  (St.  Anns  Valley,  Port  of  Spain  2);  Venezuela  (Colon, 
Tachira  i;  Orope,  Zulia  i,  Encontrados,  Zulia  i;  Caracas  10,  Macuto, 
Caracas  i). 

Tolmomyias    sulphurescens    flavo-olivaceus    (Lawrence)'1.     YELLOW- 
OLIVE  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  flavo-olivaceus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  8; 
1863 — Lion  Hill  Station,  Panama;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864, 
P-  359 — Panama  (crit.);  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  148 — Santa  F6  de  Veragua; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  337,  1892  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  391,  1907 — Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliog.  ref- 
erences)6; STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  263 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  168, 
1888 — part,  spec,  d'-j',  Panama,  San  Pablo  Station,  Santa  F£  and  Calovevora, 
Veragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  9,  1888 — 
part,  Panama  references. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  flavo-olivaceus  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p. 
218,  1919 — Panama. 

Range:     Panama  (from  Chiriqui  to  the  Canal  Zone). 

*Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  cinereiceps  (Sclater)°.  GRAY-HEADED  FLAT- 
BILL. 
Cyclorhynchus  cinereiceps  SCLATER,  Ibis,  i,  p.  443,  1859 — Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  169,  1888 — part 
(excl.  spec,  o,  p,  Panama),  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  10,  1888 — part,  excl.  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  394,  1907 — southern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica 

8  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  flavo-olivaceus  (LAWRENCE)  :  Differs  from  T.  s.  asemus 
and  T.  s.  exortivus  in  much  brighter,  more  yellowish  green  back  (more  like  aequa- 
torialis  and  peruvianus)  and  purer  yellow  under  parts,  with  very  little,  if  any,  oliva- 
ceous tinge  on  chest  and  sides;  crown  mainly  green,  slightly  suffused  with  gray, 
exactly  as  in  T.  s.  exortivus.  Wing  65-67,  (female)  63-64;  tail  58-60,  (female)  52-54; 
bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Tucumay,  thirty  miles  southeast  of  Panama 
City  i;  Santa  Fe",  Veraguas  2;  Bogava,  Chiriqui  i,  Boquete  2. 

b  T.  s.  flavo-olivaceus  does  not  occur  in  Costa  Rica  where  it  is  represented  by  the 
next  form.  Boucard's  specimen  from  San  Carlos,  recorded  as  R.  sulphurescens,  on 
examination,  proves  to  be  referable  to  cinereiceps. 

"  Tolmomyias  sulphurescens  cinereiceps  (SCLATER)  is  the  most  strongly  charac- 
terized member  of  this  group.  By  reason  of  its  clear  gray  crown,  it  bears  some  re- 
semblance to  T.  s.  asemus,  but  it  is  much  smaller,  and  the  whitish  color  of  the  throat 
extends  on  to  the  breast. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  281 

(monog.,  full  bibliography);  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  300,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso 
Real,  and  El  Pozo  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  101,  1907 — Los  Amates,  Mazatenango,  and  Patulul,  Guate- 
mala; FERRY,  I.e.,  p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  724,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.); 
PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Camp  Mengel,  Terre  Quintana  Roo. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  BOUCARD,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  63 — 
San  Carlos,  Costa  Rica  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps  cinereiceps  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  219, 
1919 — southern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  Yucatan, 
Quintana  Roo,  and  Chiapas),  south  through  Guatemala,  Honduras, 
and  Nicaragua  to  Costa  Rica. 

13:  Guatemala  (Pete"n  i,  Los  Amates,  Izabel  i,  Patulul,  Solola  i, 
Mazatenango  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  2,  San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua  3);  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  Lagarto  i,  Terraba  2). 

*Tolmomyias  megacephalus  (Swainson)*.    LARGE-HEADED  FLAT-BILL. 
Tyrannula  megacephala  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Draw.,  Part  4,  pi.  47,  1836  (?) — Brazil. 

Rhynchocyclus  megacephalus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  1868 — Mattodentro, 
Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  56,  1859, 
— Brazil  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  p.  206,  1903 — 
Mattodentro  (descr.,  crit.);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1913 — Puerto 
Bertoni,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  194,  1918 — Rio  Segundo, 
Alto  Parana,  Misiones  (crit.);  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  220,  1919 
(descr.,  range). 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil  (Mattodentro,  State 
of  Sao  Paulo),  Paraguay  (Puerto  Bertoni),  and  northeastern  Argentina 
(Rio  Segundo,  Misiones). 

3:    Argentina,  Misiones  (Rio  Segundo  i,  Eldorado  2). 

Tolmomyias  flavotectus  (Hartert)b.   YELLOW-MARGINED  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus   marginatus    (not    Muscicapa   marginata   PELZELN,    Sept.  1868) 
LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.  for  Dec.  1868,  p.  429,  April  1869 — 

a  Tolmomyias  megacephalus  (SWAINSON)  is  an  excellent  species,  immediately 
recognizable  by  the  broad  blackish  brown  stripes  along  the  sides  of  the  pileum,  sur- 
mounting a  narrow,  but  very  distinct  buffy  olive  yellow  superciliary  streak;  deep 
olive  green  back;  dull  ochraceous  edges  to  secondaries  and  larger  wing-coverts, 
etc.  The  bill  is  somewhat  higher  than  in  T.  sulphurescens,  and  the  rictal  bristles  are 
extremely  well  developed.  Wing  (adult  male)  62-65,  (female)  59;  tail  57-60,  (female) 
53-56. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Sao  Paulo:  Mattodentro  2.  Argentina,  Misiones: 
Eldorado  2,  Rio  Segundo  i. 

b  Tolmomyias  flavotectus  (HARTERT)  appears  more  closely  related  to  T.  polio- 
rephalus  sclateri  than  to  any  other  member  of  the  genus,  differing,  however,  by  much 


282  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lion  Hill,  near  Aspinwall,  Panama  (type  examined);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 

Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  337,  1892 — Panama  (crit.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 

Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  392,  1907 — Panama  and  Costa  Rica  (Carrillo);  BANGS, 

Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  32,  1909 — La  Vijagua,  northern  slope  of  Volcan 

de  Miravelles,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  726,  1910 — 

Carrillo  and  El  Hogar,  near  Guacimo,  Costa  Rica. 
Rliynchocyclus  megacephala  flavotectus  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  608,  1902 — • 

San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (type  examined). 
Cydorhynchus  cinereiceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 

N.  Y.,  7,  p.  329,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama. 
Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  359 — 

Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  169,  1888 — part,  spec,  o,  p, 

Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  10,  1888 — 

part,  Panama. 

Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps  flavotectus  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1126 — 

N6vita  and  Noanama,  Pacific  Colombia  (crit.). 
Rhynchocyclus  marginatus  marginatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

36,  p.  436,  1917 — Puerto  Valdivia,  N6vita,  Barbacoas,  Buenavista  (Narifio), 

Colombia;  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  219,  1919 — eastern  Costa 

Rica  to  western  Colombia. 

R}iynchocyclus  marginatus  flavotectus  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  220, 
1919 — part,  San  Javier,  Paramba. 

Rhynchocyclus  cinereiceps  marginatus  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  29,  p.  382,  1922  (crit.). 

Range:  Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica  (Carrillo,  La  Vijagua,  El 
Hogar);  Panama;  western  Colombia  (Pacific  coast;  Puerto  Valdivia, 
lower  Cauca),  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

Tolmomyias     poliocephalus     poliocephalus     (Taczanowski)*.     GRAY- 
CROWNED  FLAT-BILL. 

brighter  yellow  wing  markings  and  more  purely  whitish  gray  throat  and  foreneck. 

In  opposition  to  my  former  view  (as  expressed  in  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1126),  I 
am  now  convinced  that  it  is  specifically  distinct  from  T. sulphur escens  cinereiceps,  both 
species  being  found  in  Costa  Rica,  while  other  representatives  of  the  latter  group 
(viz.  T.  s.  flavo-olivaceus  and  T.  s.  aequatorialis)  live  side  by  side  with  T.  flavotectus  in 
Panama  and  western  Ecuador.  Thanks  to  the  courtesy  of  Dr.  F.  M.  Chapman,  I 
have  been  enabled  to  compare  the  type  of  R.  marginatus  from  Panama  with  specimens 
from  Choc6  and  Ecuador  (including  the  type  of  R.  flavotectus)  and  found  them  identi- 
cal. The  examples  from  Esmeraldas  and  Guayaquil,  identified  by  Chapman  as 
flavotectus,  on  the  other  hand,  turn  out  to  belong  to  *  5.  aequatorialis. 

Rhynchocyclus  marginatus  LAWRENCE  is  unfortunately  invalidated  by  Muscicapa 
marginata  PELZELN,  a  synonym  of  Tolmomyias  flaviventris  (WiED). 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Lion  Hill  (including  the  type  of  R.  marginatus) 
3.  Colombia:  N6vita  2,  Noanama  i.  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Paramba  2, 
San  Javier  (including  the  type)  2. 

•  Tolmomyias  poliocephalus  poliocephalus  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Similar  in  coloration 
to  T.  s.  sulphur  escens,  but  much  smaller,  with  considerably  shorter  and  smaller  bill. 
Wing  56-58,  (female)  52-55;  tail  42-47. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rip  Napo  i.  Peru:  Nauta  i,  Pebas  2,  Upper 
Ucayali  i,  Xeberos  i.  Brazil:  Teff£,  Rio  Solimoes  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  283 

Rhynchocyclus  poliocephalus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  285,  1884 — Nauta, 
Peru  (type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  171,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-f,  Pebas,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Cosnipata, 
Peru. 

Rhynchocyclus  megacephalus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1866,  p.  189 — Upper  Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  P-  280 — Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Pebas;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  185 — Cosnipata;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  20 — Yurimaguas;  idem, 
Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  283,  1884 — part,  Peruvian  localities. 

Rhynchocyclus  poliocephalus  poliocephalus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  48, 
1907 — Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  298,  1910  (monog.,  syn.,  range); 
CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  220,  1919  (range). 

Range:  Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo),  eastern  Peru  (south  to  Cos- 
nipata, Dept.  Cuzco),  and  adjacent  section  of  western  Brazil  (Teffe', 
Rio  Solimoes). 

*Tolmomyias  poliocephalus   sclateri   (HellmayrY.     SCLATER'S   FLAT- 
BILL. 

Rhynchocylus  poliocephalus  sclateri  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53, 
p.  207,  1903 — Barra  do  Rio  Negro  [  =  Manaos],  Brazil;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  13, 
p.  361, 1906 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  527, 
1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  131,  1908 
— Cayenne;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  297,  298,  1910 — Calama,  Rio  Madeira 
(char.,  range,  synon.);  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26, 
No.  2,  p.  24,  89,  1912 — Ipitinga  (Para  localities);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  395,  1914 — Para,  Providencia,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puru,  Sao 
Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Guama  (Ourem),  Rio  Tocantins  (Cameta,  Baiao,  I. 
Pae  Lourenco),  Rio  Tapoj6z  (Boim),  Rio  Jary  (Sao  Antonio  da  Cachoeira), 
and  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2,  p.  88,^916 — Para; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  236,  1916 — Maipures  and 
Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco,  and  Caura  River;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  75,  1918 — near  Paramaribo,  Surinam;  CORY,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  221,  1919 — French  Guiana  (crit.,  range);  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — Bahia. 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  (not  of  SPIX)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1867,  p.  578 — Para  (spec,  examined). 

"  Tolmomyias  poliocephalus  sclateri  (HELLMAYR)  :  Similar  to  T.  p.  poliocephalus, 
but  crown  nearly  uniform  slate  gray;  back  duller  green;  under  parts  paler  yellow, 
underlaid  with  pale  grayish  on  chest;  throat  and  foreneck  grayish  white  or,  at  least, 
strongly  suffused  with  whitish.  Wing  55-60,  (female)  52-57;  tail  45-52,  (female) 
42-45- 

Birds  from  Venezuela  (R.  klagesi)  and  British  Guiana  (inquisitor)  appear  to  me 
indistinguishable  from  those  of  the  Rio  Negro,  while  others  from  French  Guiana, 
Para,  Maranhao  and  Bahia  are  somewhat  paler  underneath. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana :  Cayenne  2.  Surinam:  near  Paramaribo  3. 
British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  2,  Ourumee  i.  Venezuela:  Suapure,  Caura  2,  Mai- 
pures i,  Nericagua  i.  Brazil:  Mandos  i,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  2;  Para  2,  Ipitinga 
2,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para  district  i ;  Calama,  Rio  Madeira  i ;  Tury-assu,  Maran- 
hao 2;  Bahia  3. 


284  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Rhynchocyclus  poliocephalus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  1868 — Barra  do  Rio 
Negro,  Marabitanas  (Rio  Negro)  and  Bahia  (spec,  examined;  =nomen 
nudum);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  171,  1888 — part,  spec,  g,  Para; 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  47,  1907 — part,  Nericagua  and 
Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco,  and  Suapure,  Caura  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  megacephalus  (not  of  SWAINSON)  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  383 — 
Para  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  283,  1884 — part,  Cay- 
enne; SALVIN,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  501 — Rio  Carimang,  British  Guiana;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  170,  1888 — Brazil  [  =  Bahia],  Demerara,  Merume' 
Mts.,  Carimang  River,  Para. 

Rhynchocyclus  klagesi  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  298,  1906 — Maripa, 
Caura  River;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  236,  1916 — 
Maripa,  Caura  and  foot  of  Mt.  Duida,  Orinoco ;  (?)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  437,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Florencia,  southeastern  Colombia. 

Rhynchocyclus  poliocephalus  klagesi  CoRY,Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  221,  1919 — 
upper  Orinoco  River  and  southeastern  Colombia. 

Rhynchocyclus  poliocephalus  inquisitor  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  40,  p.  108, 
1920 — Bartica  Grove,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  150, 
1921 — Supenaam,  Bartica,  Anarica  River,  Great  Falls  of  Demerara. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Caura  and  Orinoco  Valleys) ;  ( ?)  southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta) ; 
northern  Brazil,  west  to  the  Rio  Negro  and  Rio  Madeira,  along  the  coast 
south  to  Bahia. 

2:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

*Tolmomyias  flaviventris  flaviventris  (Wied).   YELLOW- VENTED  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Muscipeta  flaviventris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  929,  1831 — Mucuri 
and  Alcobaca,  State  of  Espirito  Santo,  Brazil. 

Muscicapa  marginata  (TEMMINCK  MS.)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  footnote 
2,  Sept.  1868 — type  from  Bahia  (ex  coll.  Kammerlacher)  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  171,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-e,  Bahia,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Nist.,  2,  p.  233,  1889 
(note  on  types);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  265,  1907 — Bahia  and  San- 
tarem;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  503, 1908 — Goyana  and  Ilha  Campinho, 
Rio  Tapaj6z  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  527,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio 
Tocantins;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74, 
1910 — Bahia,  Parnagua,  Pedrinha,  Buriti,  Therezina,  and  above  Pintados, 
Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  flaviventris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  49,  1908 — 
Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  296,  1910 — part,  eastern  Brazil,  south 
of  the  Amazon;  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  222,  1919 — part,  Brazil, 
south  of  the  Amazon. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  285 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventer  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  395,  1914 — part, 
Rio  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim,  Goyana,  Campinho), 
Maraj6  (Santa  Anna,  Sao  Natal). 

Rhynchocyclus  flavirostris  flavirostris  (lapsu)  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2), 
p.  99,  1920 — Bahia. 

Range :  Eastern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  west  to  the  Tapaj6z, 
south  to  Goyaz,  Bahia,  and  Espirito  Santo*. 

18:  Brazil,  Maranhao  (Barra  do  Corda  i,  Cod6,  Cocos  i,  Sao 
Bento  i,  Tury-assu  3,  Rosario  2);  Piauhy  (Ibiapaba  i);  Ceara  (Vargem 
Alegre  2,  Jua,  near  Iguatu  4,  Quixada  i);  Goyaz  (Philadelphia  i); 
Bahia  (Sao  Amaro  i). 

*Tolmomyias  flaviventris  aurulentus  (Todd)b.    NORTHERN  YELLOW- 
VENTED  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  aurulentus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  171, 
1913 — Mamatoco,  Santa  Marta  district;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  437, 1917 — Varrud,  lower  Magdalena  River;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  377,  1922 — Bonda,  Cacagualito,  Mamatoco,  La 
Tigrera,  Fundaci6n,  Tucurinca,  Santa  Marta,  and  Arroya  de  Arenas,  Santa 
Marta  region. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  gloriosus  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C,  40,  p.  108,  1920 — 
Quonga,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  151,  1921 — Upper 
Takutu  Mts.,  Abary  River. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  collingwoodi  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  40,  p.  109,  1920 — 
Macqueripe  Valley,  Trinidad. 

Cyclorhynchus  flaviventer  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  700, 
1848 — British  Guiana. 

•  Birds  from  Maranhao,  Piauhy,  and  Ceara  agree  perfectly  with  others  from 
Bahia.  Two  specimens  from  the  Tapaj6z  (Goyana)  and  one  from  Arumatheua,  Rio 
Tocantins  closely  approach  T.  f.  borbae,  from  the  Rio  Madeira. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  5,  Ceard  7,  Piauhy  i,  Maranhao  8,  Goyaz  4;  Aruma- 
theua i,  Goyana  2. 

b  Tolmomyias  flaviventris  aurulentus  (Tooo) :  Very  similar  to  T.  f.  flaviventris, 
but  below  paler  and  more  uniform  with  less  gamboge  yellow  shading  on  throat  and 
breast,  these  parts  being  scarcely  darker  than  the  abdomen. 

On  comparing  a  large  series  from  north  of  the  Amazon  with  numerous  specimens 
of  typical  flaviventris  it  cannot  be  denied  that  there  is  an  average  difference  in  the 
coloration  of  the  under  parts,  although  various  examples  from  eastern  Brazil  are  in 
no  way  distinguishable  from  the  northern  race.  On  the  other  hand,  I  am  quite  un- 
able to  perceive  any  geographic  variation  between  birds  from  Santa  Marta  (auru- 
lentus), Trinidad  (collingwoodi),  and  British  Guiana  (gloriosus).  Specimens  from  the 
Rio  Branco  and  Rio  Maecuru  appear  likewise  to  belong  here  and  are  noticeably  paler 
below  than  those  from  eastern  Brazil. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  Maecuru  3,  Rio  Branco  8.  British  Guiana 
(Annai  and  Rio  Rupununi)  4.  Venezuela:  Cumand  i,  Orinoco  Valley  9,  Caura  River 
2,  Tocuyo,  Lara  i,  Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  2.  Trinidad  17.  Tobago  5.  Colombia:  El 
Guayabal,  Santander  2;  Santa  Marta  district  16. 


286  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Platyrhynchus  flaviventris  (not  of  WIED)  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20, 
p.  331,  1847 — Tobago;  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  247,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventer  vai.  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  1868 — part,  Forte  do 
Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  124 — Santa  Marta 
and  "Ariheuca";  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  171,  1888 — part,  spec, 
f-m,  Guiana,  Trinidad,  Puerto  Cabello,  Bogota,  Arihuica,  and  Santa  Marta; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  39, 1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad; 
BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  DALMAS, 
M6m.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  139,  1900 — Tobago;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  146,  1900 — Bonda  and  Cacagualito;  idem,  I.e.,  21,  p.  284, 
1905 — Bonda  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventer  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  46,  1902 — 
Altagracia,  Caicara  and  Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco,  Temblador  and  La  Pricion, 
Caura,  Venezuela  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p. 
395,  1914 — part,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru  (Ig.  de  Paituna),  Obidos,  Rio 
Jamunda  (Faro). 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  flaviventris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  23,  1906 — 
Caparo,  Valencia,  and  Seelet,  Trinidad;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  296,  1910 — part, 
Rio  Branco,  British  Guiana,  .Venezuela,  Trinidad,  and  Tobago;  BEEBE, 
Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  96,  1909 — La  Brea,  Orinoco  delta;  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  361,  1908 — Carenage,  Trinidad;  idem,  I.e.,  2, 
p.  237,  1916 — Orinoco-region  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  32,  p.  222,  1919 — part,  Colombia,  Venezuela,  British  Guiana,  Vene- 
zuela, Trinidad,  Tobago,  Brazil  north  of  the  Amazon. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  north  of  the  Amazon  (Monte  Alegre,  Rio 
Maecuru,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda,  Rio  Branco) ;  British  Guiana;  northern 
Venezuela,  south  to  the  Orinoco-Caura  basin;  Trinidad;  Tobago; 
northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region,  south  to  the  lower  Magda- 
lena;  Santander). 

10:  Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San  Jos6  de  Cucuta, 
Santander  2);  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  2;  Cumana,  Bermudez  i); 
Brazil  (Boa  Vista  i,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boa  Vista  3,  Serra  Grande,  Rio 
Branco  i). 

Tolmomyias  flaviventris  borbae  (Hellmayr)*.   BORBA  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventer  borbae  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,S3,p.  208, 
T9O3 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  295,  296,  1910 — Mar- 
mellos  and  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  and  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Punis  (crit.) ;  CORY, 
Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  223,  1919  (crit.,  range). 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventer  (not  of  SPIX)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  1868 — 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira. 

*  Tolmomyias  flaviventris  borbae  (HELLMAYR)  :  Very  close  to  T.  f.  flaviventris,  but 
upper  parts  less  yellowish;  only  the  greater  wing-coverts  with  ill-defined,  greenish 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  287 

Rhynchocyclus  viridiceps  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn., 
56,  p.  12,  1908 — Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus  (spec,  examined). 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventer  borbae  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  396,  1914 — 
Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Purus. 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Rio  Ma- 
deira to  the  Purus. 

*Tolmomyias  flaviventris  viridiceps   (Sclater  and  Salvin)*.    GREEN- 
HEADED  FLAT-BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  viridiceps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  280 — 
Pebas,  Peru  (type  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  282,  1884 — 
Pebas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  171,  1888 — Pebas;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  365 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru 
(spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  436,  1917 — • 
Florencia,  Colombia. 

Rhynchocyclus  flaviventris  viridiceps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  296,  1910 — • 
Peru  (Pebas,  La  Merced)  and  eastern  Ecuador  (crit.  ) ;  CORY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  32,  p.  222,  1919  (range,  crit.). 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin; 
Yurimaguas  and  Pebas,  Rio  Maranon,  Dept.  Loreto) ;  eastern  Ecuador 
(Rio  Napo),  and  southeastern  Colombia  (Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta). 

i :    Peru  (Yurimaguas  i). 

Genus  RHYNCHOCYCLUS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Cyclorhynchus  (not  Cydorrhynchus  KAUP  1829)  SUNDEVALL,  Vetensk.  Ak.  Handl. 
for  1835,  p.  83,  1836 — type  Platyrhynchos  olivaceus  TEMMINCK. 

Rhynchocyclus  CABANIS.  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  56,  1859 — new  name  for 
Cyclorhynchus  SUNDEVALL,  preoccupied. 

Craspedoprion  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  609,  1902 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Cyclorhynchus  aequinoctialis  SCLATER. 

yellow  margins ;  loral  streak  narrower  and  dull  olive  yellow  instead  of  orange,  rarely 
tinged  with  rusty;  under  surface  of  body  paler,  olive  yellow  rather  than  gamboge 
yellow. 

This  is  merely  an  intergra.de  between  flaviventris  and  viridiceps,  some  specimens 
being  nearer  the  former,  while  others  closely  approach  the  latter.  Birds  from  the 
left  bank  of  the  Madeira  (Marmellos)  and  from  the  Purus  are  very  nearly  as  green 
above  as  viridiceps,  of  eastern  Peru. 

Material  examined. — Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus  i;  Borba  5,  Marmellos,  Rio  Ma- 
deira i. 

•  Tolmomyias  flaviventris  viridiceps  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  Nearest  to  T.  f. 
borbae,  but  upper  parts  even  purer  green;  yellowish  loral  streak  less  conspicuous; 
throat  and  chest  decidedly  washed  with  greenish.  Wing  (type,  male,  Pebas)  56, 
(Rio  Napo)  58^;  tail  45-47;  bill  12. 

The  Napo  bird  is  identical  with  the  type.  Two  males  from  La  Merced  are  larger 
(wing  6oK,  63;  tail  50-53). 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Pebas  (the  type)  i,  Yurimaguas  i,  La  Merced  2. 
Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  i. 


a88  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  olivaceus  (Temminck).    OLIVACEOUS  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Platyrhynchos  olivaceus  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  2,  pi.  12,  fig.  i,  Sept. 
1820 — "Bre"su" ;  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  969,  1831 — Itapemirim, 
Espirito  Santo. 

Todus  olivaceus  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  51,  1823 — Bahia. 

Platyrhynchus  sulphurescens  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  10,  pi.  12,  fig.  2,  1825 — part, 
descr.  of  "female"  (spec,  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Platyrynchos  nuchalis  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  971,  1831 — south- 
eastern Brazil  (  =  albinistic  variety;  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
2,  p.  233,  1889). 

Cyclorhynchus  olivaceus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  503,  1856 — 
Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Bahia. 

Cyclorhynchus  nuchalis  BURMEISTER,  I.e.,  p.  503,  1856  (ex  Wied). 

I 
Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  109,  1868 — Registre  do  Sai, 

Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  165, 
1888 — Bahia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  233,  1889  (note  on 
Wied's  type);  EULER,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  44,  1900  (nest  and  eggs  descr.); 
IHERING,  I.e.,  p.  233,  1900  (nest  descr.) ;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  643,  644,  1906  (note  on  Spix's  specimen). 

Craspedoprion  olivaceus  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  265,  1907 — Espirito 
Santo;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99, 1920 — Ilh^os — Belmonte,  southern 
Bahia. 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro 
and  Espirito  Santo  to  Bahiaa. 

^Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  guianensis  McConnellb.    GUIANAN  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  guianensis  McCoNNELL,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  27,  p.  106,  1911 
— British  Guiana. 

Craspedoprion  intermedium  TODD,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  8,  p.  207,  1912 — Rio 
Yuruan,  twelve  miles  from  its  mouth  (type),  and  La  Lajita,  Rio  Mato, 
Venezuela  (type  examined). 

"Material  examined. — Bahia  8,  Rio  de  Janeiro  i,  Registre  do  Sai,  Rio  i,  un- 
specified 2. 

b  Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  guianensis  MCCONNELL:  Exceedingly  close  to  R.  o. 
olivaceus,  but  on  average  smaller;  edges  to  larger  upper  wing-coverts  narrower  and 
paler,  varying  from  dark  olive  buff  to  warm  buff;  throat  and  chest  as  a  rule  duller, 
more  of  a  grayish  green. 

This  is  a  very  unsatisfactory  race,  its  alleged  characters  being  far  from  constant ; 
yet  I  would  like  to  see  a  better  series  before  definitely  condemning  it. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Caura  River  2,  Rio  Yuruan  2.  French  Guiana: 
Saint  Laurent  du  Maroni  i,  Tamanoir,  Mana  River  i,  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  2. 
Brazil:  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i;  Igarap6-Assu  i,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata  i,  Peixe-Boi, 
Pard  district  i;  Rio  Tapajdz  (Villa  Braga)  2;  Marmellos,  Rio  Madeira  i.  Peru: 
Puerto  Bermudez  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  289 

Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  12,  p.  293, 
1905 — Igarape"-Assu,  Para. 

Craspedoprion  olivaceus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  361,  1906 — Sao  Antonio  do 
Prata,  Para;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  295,  1910 — Marmellos,  Rio  Madeira;  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  24,  89,  1912 — Peixe- 
Boi  and  Para  localities;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  394,  1914 — 
Para,  Mocajatuba,  Providencia,  Ananindeua,  Santa  Isabel,  Ourem  (Rio 
Guama),  Rio  Xingu  (Victoria),  Rio  Iriri  (Bocca  do  Curua),  Rio  Tapaj6z 
(Boim,  Villa  Braga,  Pimental),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Santa  Helena),  Rio  Jary 
(Sao  Antonio  da  Cachoeira). 

Craspedoprion  olivaceus  guianensis  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2, 
p.  235,  1916 — La  Lajita,  Rio  Mato. 

Craspedoprion  guianensis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  148,  1921 — Ituribisi 
River,  Kamakabra  Creek,  Makauria,  Anarica,  and  Abary  River. 

Range :  French  and  British  Guiana ;  eastern  Venezuela  (Rio  Yuruan; 
Caura  River;  La  Lajita,  Rio  Mato);  northern  Brazil,  from  western 
Maranhao,  Para,  and  the  Rio  Jary  west  to  the  Madeira;  eastern  Peru 
(Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis,  Dept.  Junin). 

2:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  i);  Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  aequinoctialis  (Sclater}\   EQUINOCTIAL  FLAT- 
BILL. 

Cyclorhynchus  aequinoctialis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  70,  1858 — Rio  Napo, 
Ecuador. 

Rhynchocyclus  aequinoctialis  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  220,  1862 — 
Rio  Napo; idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  166,  1888 — part,  spec,  e-h,  Sarayacu 
and  Rio  Napo,  Ecuador. 

Craspedoprion  aequinoctialis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  433, 
1917 — La  Morelia  and  Florencia,  Colombia. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes  in  south- 
eastern Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta)  and  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo, 
Sarayacu,  Rio  Suno). 

^Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  flavus  (Chapman)*.   CARIBBEAN  FLAT-BILL. 

•  Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  aequinoctialis  (SCLATER)  :  Similar  to  R.  o.  guianensis, 
but  markings  on  wing-coverts  pale  yellow  (about  Naples  yellow)  instead  of  buffy. 
Wing  (females)  69-71;  tail  58-59;  bill  15-16. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  i,  Rio  Suno,  above  Avila  2. 

b  Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  flavus  (CHAPMAN)  :  Agreeing  with  R.  o.  aequinoctialis 
in  pale  yellow  wing  markings,  but  slightly  larger,  with  longer  tail ;  upper  parts  fresher 
green  (serpentine  instead  of  yellowish  olive);  yellow  of  abdomen  deeper  and  more 
extensive.  Wing  (male)  75-77,  (female)  69;  tail  67-68,  (female)  62. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Onaca  i,  Mamatoco  i.  Venezuela:  Orope, 
Zulia  i;  Puerto  Cabello,  Carabobo  i;  Cariaquito,  Bermudez  i. 


290  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Craspedoprion  aequinoctidis  flavus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33, 
P-  i?5»  1914 — Onaca,  near  coast  in  Santa  Marta  Mts.  (type),  and  Cristobal 
Colon,  Paria  Peninsula,  northeastern  Venezuela;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  379,  192* — Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  Las  Vegas,  Minca, 
Pueblo  Viejo,  and  Don  Diego,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Rhynchocyclus  aequinoctialis  (not  of  SCLATER)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  13,  p.  146,  1900 — Onaca. 

Craspedoprion  olivaceus  guianensis  (not  of  MCCONNELL)  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  203 — Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Caribbean  coast  region  of  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district) 
and  Venezuela,  east  to  the  Paria  Peninsula. 
i:    Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  i). 

Rhynchocyclus   olivaceus   bardus    (Bangs   and    Barbour)*.     PANAMA 
FLAT-BILL. 

Craspedoprion  olivaceus  bardus  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65, 
p.  216,  1922 — Mount  Sapo,  Darien. 

Cyclorhynchus  brevirostris  (not  of  CABANIS)  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist. 
N.  Y.,  7,  p.  329,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Cyclorhynchus  aequinoctialis  (not  of  SCLATER)  LAWRENCE,  I.e.,  7,  p.  473,  1862 — • 
Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Rhynchocyclus  aequinoctialis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  P-  359 — 
Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  166,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a-c,  Lion  Hill  Station,  Panama,  (?)  d,  Chepo,  Veragua;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  9,  1888 — part,  Panama. 

Craspedoprion  aequinoctialis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  387, 
1907 — part,  Panama  references  and  localities  only;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1918,  p.  263 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama,  from  the  Canal  Zone  to  Darien;  (?) 
Veragua. 

*Rhynchocyclus  brevirostris  pacificus   (Chapman) b.     PACIFIC   FLAT- 
BILL. 

»  Rhynchocyclus  olivaceus  bardus  (BANGS  and  BARBOUR)  :  Very  near  to,  and  agree- 
ing with  R.  o.  flavus  in  bright  green  upper  parts,  wing  markings  and  size,  but  abdo- 
men richer  and  deeper  yellow  (approaching  lemon  yellow),  and  throat  and  chest 
more  yellowish,  with  the  streaking  less  distinct  and  more  greenish.  Wing  (male) 
74-76,  (female)  72;  tail  62-66,  (female)  60-61;  bill  13-15- 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Lion  Hill  i,  Jesusito  4,  Esndpe  2,  Chepignana  i, 
Tapalisa  i. 

b  Rhynchocyclus  brevirostris  pacificus  (CHAPMAN)  :  Similar  to  R.  b.  brevirostris, 
but  throat  and  breast  more  yellowish  oil  green,  and  edges  to  greater  upper  wing- 
coverts  and  inner  secondaries  clay  color  or  pale  ochraceous  tawny.  Wing  (male) 
78-81,  (female)  75;  tail  65-69,  (female)  60;  bill  14-16. 

While  perfectly  distinct  from  R.  olivaceus  bardus,  of  eastern  Panama,  by  much 
larger  size,  brighter  (yellowish  oil  green)  upper  parts,  nearly  uniform  (lighter)  yellow- 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  291 

Craspedoprion  pacificus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  174, 
1914 — Juntas  de  Tamana,  Rio  San  Juan,  Choc6,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36, 
p.  434,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  Choc6,  N6vita,  Barbacoas, 
Pacific  Colombia. 

Cyclorhynchus  brevirostris  (not  of  CABANIS)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 
1860,  p.  144 — Rio  Truando. 

Rhynchocydus  aequinoctialis  (not  of  SCLATER)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487, 
1898 — Cachavi,  northwestern  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Craspedoprion  aequinoctialis  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1127 — Novita 
and  Noanama,  Pacific  Colombia. 

Range:  Pacific  coast  of  northwestern  Ecuador  (Prov.  Esmeraldas) 
and  Colombia  north  to  the  Rio  Truando  and  (?)  eastern  Panama 
(Mount  Tacarcuna). 

i:    Ecuador  (Lita,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i). 

*Rhynchocyclus   brevirostris   brevirostris    (Cabanis).     SHORT-BILLED 
FLAT-BILL. 

Cyclorhynchus  brevirostris  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  249,  1847 — Jalapa, 
Mexico. 

Rhynchocydus  mesorhynchus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  13,  p.  414,  1865 — Guatemala. 

Rhynchocydus  griseimentalis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  112, 
1869 — Dota,  Costa  Rica. 

Rhynchocydus  brevirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  166,  1888 — southern 
Mexico  to  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  8, 
1888  (monog.);  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.,  3,  p.  35,  1902 — Boquete  and 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui. 

Rhynchocydus  aequinoctialis  (not  of  SCLATER)  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  363,  1901 — 
Divala,  Chiriqui  (fide  Bangs  in  litt.). 

Craspedoprion  brevirostris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  388, 
1907 — Mexico  to  Veragua  (monog.,  full  bibliog.  references);  BANGS,  Auk,  24, 
p.  300, 1907 — Boruca  and  Paso  del  Rio  Grande ;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  726,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — thirty 
miles  north  of  Camp  Mengel. 

ish  oil  green  throat  and  breast,  much  more  restricted  yellow  abdominal  area,  greenish 
edges  to  median,  and  ochraceous  tawny  edges  to  greater  wing-coverts,  this  bird 
agrees  so  closely  with  R.  brevirostris,  of  Central  America,  that  there  can  be  little  doubt 
as  to  its  being  a  southern  representative.  Moreover,  a  specimen  from  the  east  slope 
of  Mount  Tacarcuna,  in  eastern  Panama  (American  Museum  Nat.  Hist.,  No. 
135910),  resembles  brevirostris  even  in  yellowish  green  edges  of  secondaries  and  colora- 
tion of  throat  and  breast;  but  whether  it  should  be  referred  to  the  northern  or  southern 
race  cannot  be  decided  for  certain,  since  the  greater  wing-coverts  are  lacking  on  both 
wings. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Lita  i,  Cachavi  i.  Colombia: 
N6vita  i,  Noanama  i,  Alto  Bonito  i. 


292  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  Quin- 
tana  Roo,  and  Yucatan),  south  through  Guatemala,  Nicaragua,  and 
Costa  Rica  to  western  Panama  (Chiriqui,  Veragua)a. 

7:  Guatemala  (Choctum  i,  Alto  Vera  Paz  i);  Nicaragua  (San 
Raphael  del  Norte  i);  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  Pozo  Azul  Pirns  i,  El 
General  i,  Siquirres  i). 

*Rhynchocyclus  fulvipectus  (Sclater).    FULVOUS-BREASTED  FLAT-BILL. 

Cyclorhynchus  fulvipectus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  28,  p.  92,  1860 — Nanegal, 
Ecuador. 

Rhynchocyclus  fulvipectus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  220,  1862 — Nane- 
gal; SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  513 — Frontino  (Antioquia) 
and  Bogota  (egg  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  537 — Ropaybamba; 
idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  20 — Huambo;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  279,  1884 — Ropay- 
bamba, Huambo;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  90 — Mapoto 
and  Machay,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  167,  pi.  13,  1888 — 
Nanegal,  Sarayacu,  Frontino,  Bogota;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13, 
p.  113,  1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata. 

Craspedoprion  fulvipectus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  434,  1917 
— Ricaurte  and  Cerro  Munchique  (Western  Andes),  Andalucia  and  Aguadita 
(Eastern  Andes),  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Andes  from  Colombia  (except 
Santa  Marta  range)  to  southeastern  Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco)b. 

2:  Peru  (Uchco,  forty  miles  east  of  Chachapoyas  i;  Chinchao, 
Dept.  Huanuco  i). 

Genus  RAMPHOTRIGON  Gray. 

Ramphotrigon  GRAY,  Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  146,  1855 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Platyrhynchus  ruficauda  SPIX. 

Ramphotrigon  ruficauda  (Spix).  RUFOUS-TAILED  FLAT-BILL. 

Platyrhynchus  ruficauda  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  9,  pi.  n,  fig.  i,  1825 — "in  sylvis 
fluna.  Amazonum"  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined). 

Rhynchocydus  ruficauda  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  221,  1862 — Cayenne; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  578 — Para;  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  no,  1868 — Villa  Maria  [  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres]  (Matto  Grosso), 
Borba  (Rio  Madeira)  and  Marabitanas  (Rio  Negro);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 

•  Nineteen  specimens  from  Guatemala  to  Chiriqui  examined. 

b  Birds  from  Bogota,  eastern  Ecuador,  and  Peru  seem  to  be  alike,  but  in  the 
absence  of  topotypical  material  I  have  no  means  of  ascertaining  if  they  are  really 
quite  identical  with  fulvipectus  from  the  west  side  of  the  Andes. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  2.  Ecuador:  Mapoto  2,  Machay  i. 
Peru:  Uchco  i,  Chinchao  i,  Huaynapata  (Marcapata)  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  293 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  280 — Chamicuros,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  284,  1884 — Chamicuros;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  296 — Bartica  Grove,  Cama- 
cusa,  and  Mei-urne"  Mts.,  British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p. 
172,  1888 — Chamicuros,  Para,  Cayenne,  Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Cari- 
mang  River,  and  Merum6  Mts.;  RIKER,  Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Diamantina, 
near  Santarem;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  499 — Capim  River. 

Ramphotrigon  ruficauda  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  47,  1902 — 
Munduapo  (Rio  Orinoco),  Suapure  and  La  Pricion  (Caura),  Venezuela; 
BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  131,  1908 — Cayenne;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  643,  1906  (note  on  type);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  48, 
1907 — Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  356,  1907 — Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira; 
idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  295,  1910 — Calama  and  Maroins,  Rio  Madeira;  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Para, 
Capim;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  396,  1914 — Para,  Rio  Capim,  Rio 
Tapaj6z  (Santarem),  Rio  Maecuru,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  238,  1916 — Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco  and  La 
Union,  Caura  River;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  75, 1918 
— Lelydorp  and  Rijsdijkweg,  Surinam;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  153, 
1921 — numerous  localities. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela 
(Orinoco  and  Caura  valleys) ;  northern  Brazil,  east  to  Para,  south  to 
western  Matto  Grosso  (San  Luis  de  Caceres);  eastern  Peru  (Chami- 
curos) a. 

Ramphotrigon  fuscicauda  Chapman*.   DUSKY-TAILED  FLAT-BILL. 

Ramphotrigon  fuscicauda  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  187,  p.  5,  1925 — Rio 
Suno,  eastern  Ecuador. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Suno). 


Subfamily  EUSCARTHMINAE. 

Genus  TODIROSTRUM  Lesson". 

Todirostrum  LESSON,  Traite"  d'Orn.,  p.  384,  1831 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY, 
1840,  p.  31)  Todus  cinereus  LINNAEUS. 

a  Birds  from  the  Caura  Valley  agree  well  with  a  series  from  the  Brazilian  Amazon. 
No  material  seen  from  the  Guianas. 

b  Ramphotrigon  fuscicauda  CHAPMAN:  "Resembling  R.  fuscicauda,  but  rump  and 
upper  tail-coverts  olive  green;  wings  and  tail  fuscous  black,  narrowly  margined  with 
buffy  citrine;  wing  coverts  tipped  with  cinnamon.  Wing  (female)  68;  tail  63;  bill 
16".  (Chapman,  I.e.).  We  have  not  been  able  to  examine  a  specimen  of  this  newly 
described  species. 

0  The  genus,  as  circumscribed  here,  is  rather  heterogeneous  and  probably  requires 
subdivision,  its  members  being  exceedingly  variable  in  shape  of  bill  and  color  pattern. 

1  cannot  make  out  Todus  griseus  DESMAREST  (Hist.  Nat.  Tang,  etc.,  livr.  10,  p.  69, 
1806),  possibly  a  member  of  this  genus.    It  was  described  from  a  single  specimen  of 
unknown  origin  which  is  no  longer  in  the  Paris  Museum. 


294  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Triccus  CABANIS  in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  164,  1846 — new  name  for 
Todirostrum  LESSON. 

Todirostrum  chrysocrotaphum  chrysocrotaphum  Strickland.    YELLOW- 
BROWED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  chrysocrotaphum  STRICKLAND,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1850,  p.  48-6,  pi.  49 
(upper  figure) — Peru;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  187 — 
Upper  Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  278 — near  Sarayacu,  Ucayali  (spec,  ex- 
amined); TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  227,  1884 — Sarayacu;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  71,  1888 — Upper  Ucayali;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — falls  of  the  Madeira,  Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14, 
p.  483,  1907 — San  Mateo,  Bolivia;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  288,  19 10 — 
Marmellos,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Monte 
Verde,  Rio  Punis;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  399,  1914 — Monte  Verde. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  eastern  Peru  (Ucayali)  south  to 
northern  Bolivia  (San  Mateo;  falls  of  the  Madeira),  east  to  the  Rio 
Madeira  (Marmellos)  in  northern  Brazil". 

^Todirostrum  chrysocrotaphum  illigeri  (Cabanis  and  Heine)b.    ILLI- 
GER'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Triccus  illigeri  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  49,  1859 — Para  (type  in 
Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Todirostrum  illigeri  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26, 
No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Para  (crit.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  399,  1914 
— Para,  Quati-purii,  Rio  Tocantins  (Baiao,  Arumatheua). 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocan- 
tins to  western  Maranhao  (Tury-assu). 

2:    Brazil  (Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2). 

*Todirostrum  nigriceps  Sdater.  BLACK-HEADED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  nigriceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  66,  pi.  84,  fig.  i,  1855 — • 
Santa  Marta;  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  144 — Turbo; 
LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  330,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  358 — Lion  Hill;  LAWRENCE, 
Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  no,  1868 — Angostura,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER, 

*  All  the  specimens  seen  by  me  lack  the  white  loral  streak  shown  in  Strickland's 
figure. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Ucayali  2.  Bolivia:  San  Mateo  2.  Brazil:  Mar- 
mellos, Rio  Madeira  i. 

b  Todirostrum  chrysocrotaphum  illigeri  (CABANIS  and  HEINE):  Differs  from  the 
typical  race  by  darker  green  back,  a  distinct  black  malar  streak,  and  by  haying  the 
entire  upper  throat  (instead  of  only  the  chin)  white.  Wing  42,  (female)  39 ;  tail  27-28 ; 
bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Para  (including  the  type)  3;  Tury-assu,  Maranhao  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  295 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  72,  1888 — Panama,  Santa  Marta,  "Rio  Napo"; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  13,  1888 — Costa  Rica, 
Panama,  Colombia;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  135,  1898 — Santa 
Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  150,  1900 — Bonda;  idem, 
I.e.,  21,  p.  286,  1905 — Bonda  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  366,  1907 — Costa  Rica,  Panama,  Colombia,  "Ecuador"; 
CARRIKER,  Ann,  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  731,  1910 — Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui, 
Jimenez,  Guapiles,  and  Guacimo,  Costa  Rica;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  438,  1917 — Malena,  near  Puerto  Berrio,  lower  Magdalena; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  382,  1922 — Bonda,  La 
Tigrera,  Tierra  Nueva,  Don  Diego,  Pundaci6n,  and  Loma  Larga,  Colombia; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  55,  p.  487,  1926 — Naranjo,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (Caribbean  slope) ;  Panama;  northern  Colombia 
(Turbo;  Baranquilla;  Santa  Marta  district;  Malena,  lower  Magdalena; 
"Bogota");  and  western  Ecuador  (NaranjoH 

2:    Costa  Rica  (Siquirres  i);  Colombia  (Bogota  i). 

Todirostrum  guttatum  Pelzeln.   PELZELN'S  SPOTTED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  guttatum  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  101,  172,  1868 — Barcellos  and 
Poiares,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  73,  1888 — "Bogota"  and  Pebas,  Peru  (spec,  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  46,  1907 — Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes. 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Barcellos  and  Poiares,  Rio  Negro; 
Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes) ;  northernPeru  (Pebas);  Colombia  ("Bogota")". 

Todirostrum  pictum  Salvin*.   PAINTED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  pictum  SALVIN,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  7,  p.  XV,  1897 — Annai,  British 
Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist. 
Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  116,  1904 — Saint  Jean  du  Maroni,  French  Guiana  (spec, 
examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  315,  320,  1908 — St.  Jean  du  Maroni; 

•The  specimen  in  the  British  Museum,  labelled  "Rio  Napo"  has  all  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  so-called  "Quito"  skins. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Siquirres  i.  Colombia:  Baranquilla  i, 
Mamatoco  i,  Aracataca  3,  "Bogota  i."  Ecuador:  "Rio  Napo"  i. 

b  A  single  Bogota  skin  agrees  well  with  two  adult  males  from  Barcellos,  Rio 
Negro,  while  another  male  from  Pebas  (August  7,  1872,  J.  Hauxwell)  differs  by  having 
the  superciliary  stripe,  wing  markings,  and  under  parts  duller,  more  of  a  greenish 
yellow.  Females  are  less  coarsely  spotted  on  the  chest. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  i.  Peru:  Pebas  i.  Brazil:  Teffe",  Rio 
Solimoes  i;  Rio  Negro,  Barcellos  2,  Poiares  i. 

0  Todirostrum  pictum  SALVIN:  Closely  allied  to,  and  probably  conspecific  with 
T.  guttatum,  but  readily  distinguished  by  lacking  the  yellow  superciliary  stripe;  duller 
green  back,  and  white  (instead  of  yellow)  cheeks,  malar  region,  and  throat.  The 
black  spotting  on  chest  and  malar  region  is  the  same  as  in  its  ally.  Wing  (male) 
41-42,  (female)  39;  tail  29-32;  bill  13-15. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  2.  Dutch  Guiana: 
near  Paramaribo  6.  British  Guiana:  Annai  (the  type)  i. 


296  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  215,  1910 — Surinam;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  399,  1914 — Obidos;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  75,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  156,  1921 — Annai  and  Makauria  River. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana,  south  to  the  north 
bank  of  the  lower  Amazon,  Brazil  (Obidos). 

Todirostrum  calopterum  Sclater.  JARDINE'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  calopterum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  82,  pi.  125,  fig.  i,  July 
1857 — Rio  Napo,  Ecuador  (type  now  in  British  Museum  ex  Coll.  Jardine 
examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  72,  1888 — Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu) a. 

Todirostrum  pulchellum  Sclater  b.   BLACK-BACKED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  pulchellum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.  for  Dec.  1873,  p.  780,  781,  1874— 
Cosnipata,  Dept.  Cuzco  (type  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  227, 
1884 — Cosnipata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  72,  1888 — Cosnipata; 
HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  48,  1920 — Yahuarmayo,  Sierra 
of  Carabaya  (crit.). 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  Cuzco  (Cosnipata)  and 
Puno  (Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya). 

^Todirostrum  poliocephalum  (Wied)*.   GRAY-HEADED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todus  poliocephalus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  964,  1831 — Rio  de 
Janeiro  (types  now  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York). 

Todirostrum  flavifrons  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  361,  1846 — Brazil. 

Triccus  poliocephalus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  496,  1856 — Rio 
de  Janeiro;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

a  Material  examined. — Rio  Napo  (the  type)  i,  Sarayacu  4. 

b  Todirostrum  pulchellum  SCLATER:  Nearly  related  to,  and  probably  only  a 
southern  race  of  T.  calopterum,  but  upper  (and  sometimes  also  the  lower)  back  black 
instead  of  olive  green;  margins  of  secondaries  about  twice  as  wide  and  whitish,  in- 
stead of  olive  yellow;  lesser  wing-coverts  much  deeper  chestnut;  loral  spot  rufous; 
narrower  superciliaries  white,  fringed  with  blackish;  throat  more  purely  white  and 
separated  from  the  white  malar  stripe  by  a  very  distinct,  black  maxillary  streak. 
Wing  (two  males)  48-48 ^,  (one  female)  47;  tail  31^2-33;  bill  1 1. 

Material  examined. — Cosnipata  (the  type)  i,  Yahuarmayo  2. 

c  Todirostrum  poliocephalum  (WIED)  differs  from  T.  cinereum  in  much  shorter 
bill;  much  brighter,  yellowish  green  back  and  upper  tail  coverts  (the  latter  being 
blackish  in  its  ally);  wider,  deeper  yellow  wing  markings;  bright  yellow  supraloral 
streak;  olive  green  (instead  of  slaty  black)  cheeks  and  auriculars;  and  by  having  the 
rectrices  grayish  brown  with  very  distinct  yellowish  green  outer  margins,  but  without 
white  tips. 

Material  examined. — Espirito  Santo:  Engenheiro  Reeve  i.  Rio  de  Janeiro: 
Therezopolis  i,  Rio  2,  Sapitiba  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Iguap6  i.  Santa  Catharina: 
Blumenau  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  297 

Todirostrum  poliocephalum  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100,  1868 — Sapitiba  and 
Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  291,  1874 — Novo 
Friburgo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  71,  1888 — Sao  Paulo,  Brazil; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  228,  1889  (note  on  types);  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  183,  1899 — Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Amaro,  Piquete  (Sao 
Paulo);  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  154,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio; 
EULER,  I.e.,  p.  40,  1900  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p. 
266,  1907 — Sao  Sebastiao,  Piquete,  Cachoeira,  Alto  da  Serra  and  Ubatuba 
(Sao  Paulo),  Porto  Cachoeiro  (Espirito  Santo). 

Range :    Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to  Santa  Catharina. 

i :    Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  i). 

*Todirostrum  cinereum  cinereum  (Linnaeus).    GRAY-BACKED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Todus  cinereus  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  i2th  ed.,  i,  p.  178,  1766 — based  on  "The 
Grey  and  Yellow  Flycatcher"  Edwards,  Glean,  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  no,  pi.  262 
(lower  figure),  Surinam;  DESMAREST,  Hist.  Nat.  Tang.,  Manak.  et  Todiers, 
livr.  10,  pi.  68,  1806 — Cayenne  and  Surinam. 

Muscicapa  meloxantha  SPARRMAN,  Mus.  Carlson.,  fasc.  3,  pi.  97,  1788 — no  locality 
indicated. 

Todus  melanocephalus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  8,  pi.  9,  fig.  2,  1825 — banks  of  the 
Amazon  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  641,  1906  (crit.). 

Todirostrum  plumbeum  (not  Todus  plumbeus  GMELIN  1788)  LAWRENCE,  Ann. 
Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  273,  1869 — "Guasipati,  Guyana,  Venezuela" 
(alcoholic  specimen). 

Todirostrum  cinereum  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  360,  1846 — "Bre'sil,  la  Tri- 
nite'";  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  148,  1855 — Bogotd;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  83, 
1857 — part;  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p-458,  1858 — Zamora,  Ecuador;  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  144 — Carthagena;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100, 
1868 — part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — Carupano,  Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — 
Maranura  and  Potrero,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Medellin,  Santa  Elena, 
and  Remedies,  Colombia;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — Cucuta  Valley  and  San 
Nicolas,  Colombia;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  534 — Monterico; 
idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Callacate;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — Huambo;  idem, 
Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  225,  1884 — Peruvian  localities;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32, 
p.  298,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  292 — Bartica  Grove, 
Mei-urne"  Mts.,  Roraima;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  89 — Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  69,  1888 — part, 
spec,  s-z,  c'-h',  Santa  Marta,  Medellin,  Bogota,  Bucaramanga,  San  Esteban, 
"Trinidad,"  Bartica  Grove,  Roraima;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  301, 
1889 — Tarapoto,  Peru;  RIKER,  Auk,  7,  p.  269,  1890 — Santarem;  BERLEPSCH 
and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  359 — La  Merced,  La  Gloria,  and  San 
Emilio,  Peru;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumand  and  Cumanacoa,  Ber- 


298  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

mudez,  Venezuela;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1899,  p.  306 — Bogota; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  150,  1900 — Cienaga;  ROBINSON  and 
RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  24,  p.  174, 1901 — La  Guaira;  BERLEPSCH  and 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  37,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Orinoco 
River;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  116,  1904 — Mahury, 
French  Guiana;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  265,  1907 — part,  Santarem; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  131,  1908 — Cayenne,  Roche-Marie,  Approu- 
ague,  French  Guiana;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  204 — 
Cariaquito,  Pedernales,  Buelta  Triste  and  Jocopita,  Manimo  River,  Venezuela; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  399,  1914 — Maraj6  (Pindobal,  Rio 
Arary,  Sao  Natal)  and  Monte  Alegre;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  154, 
1921 — numerous  localities. 

Todirostrum  cinereum  cinereum  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  96,  1909 — Guan- 
oco,  Orinoco  delta;  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1911,  p.  1128 — Guineo,  Rio 
Calima,  Colombia;  idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26, 
No.  2,  p.  130,  1912 — Cachoueira,  Maraj6;  idem  and  SEILERN,-  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  75 , 1 9 1 2 — Las  Quiguas,  Venezuela ;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  220,  1916 — Orinoco  region  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  437,  1917 — Turbaco,  Dabeiba,  Alto  Bonito, 
Peque,  Bagado,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  San  Jose",  Caldas,  Las  Lomitas,  Puerto 
Valdivia,  Cali,  Rio  Frio,  below  Miraflores,  below  Andalucia,  Fusugasuga, 
Chicoral,  Honda,  Malena,  Calamar,  Villavicencio,  Colombia;  BANGS  and 
PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  75,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo, 
Surinam;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  91,  1921 — Santa  Ana, 
Idma,  Chauillay,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  region;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  383,  1922 — Fundaci6n  and  Punto  Caiman,  Santa 
Marta  region;  DELACOUR,  Ibis,  1923,  p.  147 — Guarico,  Venezuela. 

Triccus  cinereus  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  702,  1848 — • 
British  Guiana. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (Rio 
Branco;  Maraj6;  Monte  Alegre;  Santarem);  Venezuela;  Colombia; 
eastern  Ecuador  (Zamora,  Mapoto);  eastern  Peru  (south  to  the 
Urubamba  Valley) a. 

54:  Surinam  (vicinity  of  Paramaribo  i);  British  Guiana  (George- 
town 2) ;  Brazil  (Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  i) ; 
Venezuela  (Caracas  8,  Macuto,  Caracas  i;  Maracay,  Aragua  10;  La 
Ceiba,  Trujillo  i;  Encontrados,  Zulia  3,  Catatumbo  River,  Zulia  3, 
Orope,  Zulia  i);  Colombia  (Bogotd  4;  El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of 
San  Jose"  de  Cucuta,  Santander  i ;  Puerto  Valdivia,  Cauca  i ;  Rio  Frio, 
Cauca  i);  Peru  (Poco  Tambo  i;  Moyobamba  6;  Vista  Alegre,  Dept. 
Hudnuco  4,  Chinchao,  Dept.  Hu&nuco  i ;  Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis  i, 
Rio  Colorado,  Chanchamayo  i,  San  Ramon,  Dept.  Junin  i). 

*  Birds  from  Maraj6  closely  approach  T.  c.  cearae,  of  northeastern  Brazil  (Bahia 
to  Maranhao),  while  specimens  from  northern  and  western  Colombia  are  sometimes 
barely  distinguishable  from  T.  c.  finitimum,  of  Central  America. 

One  hundred  and  seventeen  specimens  examined. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  299 

^Todirostrum  cinereum  cearae  Cory*.   CEARA  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  cinereum  cearae  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p. 

342,  1916 — Serra  Baturit£,  Ceara. 
Todirostrum  cinereum   (not  of  LINNAEUS)   FORBES,  Ibis,   1881,  p.  341 — from 

Recife  and  Parahyba  to  Garanhuns  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  14,  p.  69,  1888 — part,  spec,  i'-l',  Pernambuco,  Bahia  (spec,  examined); 

NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  40 — Bahia;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  265,  1907 

— part,  Bahia;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  72, 

1910;  I.e.,  p.  157,  1925 — Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife  (Pernambuco),  Bahia  (city) 

and  Fogo,  near  Joazeiro,  Bahia. 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil,  from  southern  Bahia  (Caravellas)  north  to 
Maranhao. 

10:  Brazil,  Ceard  (Serra  Baturite*  i);  Piauhy  (Deserto  i,  Ibiapaba 
2);  Maranhao  (Tury-assu  i,  Sao  Bento  i,  Rosario  3,  Cod6,  Cocos  i). 

*Todirostrum  cinereum  coloreum  Ridgwayb.  RIDGWAY'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  cinereum  coloreum  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  115, 
1906 — Corumba,  Matto  Grosso;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  41,  1908 — 
Goyaz  (crit.);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — Caceres,  Matto 
Grosso;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  25,  1925 — Mojos,  Bolivia  (crit.). 

Todirostrum  cinereum  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  46,  1837 — Mojos,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum 
examined) ;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  315,  1839 — Concepcion, 
Mojos;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  100,  1868 — part,  Rio  Parana  (Sao  Paulo), 
Cuyabd,  Caicara,  and  Sao  Vicente,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  332,  1892 — Chapada  and  Corumba, 
Matto  Grosso;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  115 — Rabicho,  Matto  Grosso,  and  Cabo 
Emma,  Rio  Paraguay,  Bolivia. 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Minas  Geraes  (Agua  Suja, 
near  Bagagem),  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Rio  Parana),  Goyaz,  and  Matto 
Grosso;  eastern  Bolivia  (Mojos;  Cabo  Emma,  Rio  Paraguay). 

i :    Brazil  (Descalvados,  Matto  Grosso. 

a  Todirostrum  cinereum  cearae  CORY:  Similar  to  T.  c.  cinereum  in  slaty  upper 
parts,  but  back  lighter  gray;  edges  to  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  less  yellowish, 
frequently  pure  white;  yellowish  white  tip  to  external  rectrices  wider;  size  on  average 
smaller.  Wing  40-42,  once  44;  tail  31-33. 

This  appears  to  be  a  fairly  separable  race,  smaller  and  paler  above  than  typical 
cinereum,  and  approaching  coloreum  in  the  extent  of  the  white  apical  spot  to  the  outer 
rectrices.  The  wing  markings  are  even  more  whitish  than  in  the  Matto  Grosso  form. 

In  addition  to  the  specimens  listed  above,  I  have  examined  three  from  Bahia 
and  two  from  Pernambuco. 

b  Todirostrum  cinereum  coloreum  RIDGWAY:  Nearest  to  T.  c.  cearae,  but  back 
decidedly  greenish,  more  or  less  contrasting  with  slate  gray  of  hind  neck;  wing  mark- 
ings more  yellowish;  size  larger.  Wing  43-47;  tail  35-40. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Descalvados  i,  Corumba  2,  Cuyabd 
3,  Caicara  2,  Sao  Vicente  i;  Rio  Parana,  Sao  Paulo  i;  Goyaz  i;  Agua  Suja,  near 
Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes  4.  Bolivia:  Mojos  i. 


300  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
^Todirostrum  cinereum  finitimum  Bangs.   NORTHERN  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  cinereum  finitimum  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  114,  1904— 
San  Juan  Bautista,  Tabasco,  Mexico;  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  46,  p.  217,  1906 — Savanna  of  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  364,  1907 — southern  Mexico  to  Panama  (monog.,  full 
bibliographic  references) ;  BANGS,  Auk,  14,  p.  300,  1907 — Pozo  del  Rio  Grande, 
Costa  Rica;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  102, 
1907 — Los  Amates  and  San  Jos£,  Guatemala;  FERRY,  I.e.,  p.  267,  1910 — 
Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  732,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest  and  egg  descr.);  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — 
Xcopen  and  Camp  Mengel,  Terre  Quintana  Roo;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1918,  p.  264 — Gatun,  Panama;  HALUNAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  316,  1924 — 
Sosa  Hill,  Panama. 

Todirostrum  cinereum  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  69, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-r,  Guatemala,  Yucatan,  Honduras,  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui, 
Veragua,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  12, 
1888 — part,  Central  American  references  and  localities. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco,  Quin- 
tana Roo,  and  Yucatan)  south  through  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicara- 
gua, and  Costa  Rica  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 

26:  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  2;  San  Jose",  Esquintla  4; 
unspecified  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i,  San  Gero- 
nimo,  Chinandega  i);  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  6,  Bolson  i,  Limon  4, 
Siquirres  i,  Juan  Vifias  i);  Panama  (Balboa  i,  Colon  3). 

^Todirostrum    cinereum    sclateri    (Cabanis    and    Heine)*.     WHITE- 
CHINNED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Triccus  sclateri  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  50,  1859 — Peru  (type  in 
Heine  Collection  examined). 

Todirostrum  cinereum  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  283, 
1860 — Babahoyo;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  325 — Tumbez;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  69,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Intac. 

Todirostrum  sclateri  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  553 — 
Guayaquil  and  Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  88— Yaguachi;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  226,  1884 — Tumbez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  71, 
1888  (ex  Berlepsch  and  Taczanowski) ;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 
— Chimbo  and  Paramba;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Lita  and  San  Javier, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No. 
362,  p.  5,  1899 — La  Concepcion,  Intac,  Guayaquil,  Vinces,  and  Balzar; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  702 — Intac,  Santo  Domingo,  San  Nicolas; 
MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Armee  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  p.  851, 

•  Todirostrum  cinereum  sclateri  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  Differs  from  T.  c.  cinereum 
by  having  the  upper  throat  and  malar  region  white. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  San  Javier  6,  Lita  2,  Caron- 
delet  i ;  Yaguachi  i,  Chimbo  3,  Guayaquil  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  301 

1911 — Gualea  and  Santo  Domingo;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  438,  1917 — Tumaco,  Barbacoas,  and  Buenavista  (Narifio),  southwestern 
Colombia;  LSNNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72,  1922 — • 
Ecuador. 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  the  Andes  from  southwestern  Colombia 
(State  of  Narifio)  through  western  Ecuador  to  northwestern  Peru 
(Tumbez). 

2:    Ecuador  (San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i;  Chimbo  i). 

*Todirostrum  viridanum  sp.  nov.a    MARACAIBO  TODY-TYRANT. 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  northwestern  Venezuela,  State  of  Zulia 
(Maracaibo;  Rio  Aurare,  twelve  miles  southeast  of  Altagracia,  eastern 
shore  of  Lake  Maracaibo). 

3:    Venezuela  (Maracaibo  i ;  Rio  Aurare  2). 

^Todirostrum  maculatum  maculatum  (Desmaresf).  SPOTTED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Todus  maculatus  DESMAREST,  Hist.  nat.  Tang.,  Manak.  et  Todiers,  livr.  10,  pi.  70, 
1806 — French  Guiana  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Todus  cinereus  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  8,  pi.  10,  fig.  i  ("mas"), 
1825 — part,  descr.  of  male,  no  locality  given  (spec,  in  Munich  Museum  ex- 
amined); HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  641, 
1906  (crit.). 

Todirostrum  surinamense  PENARD  and  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  214,  1910 — 
Surinam. 

*  Todirostrum  viridanum  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  Rio  Aurare,  twelve  miles  southeast  of  Altagracia,  eastern  shore  of 
Lake  Maracaibo,  Zulia,  Venezuela,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  No.  43456. 
Adult  male.  January  19,  1911.  W.  H.  Osgood  and  S.  J.  Jewett. 

Adult  (sexes  alike). — Nearest  to  T.  c.  cinereum,  but  with  much  shorter  tail  and 
larger  bill;  crown  neutral  gray,  passing  into  dull  blackish  only  on  anterior  portion; 
some  of  the  feathers  on  the  anterior  crown  spotted  with  creamy  white;  back  bright 
green  (varying  from  serpentine  to  warbler  green)  instead  of  slate  olive;  edges  to  larger 
wing-coverts  and  inner  secondaries  cream  buff  instead  of  olive  yellow;  frontal  edge 
and  supraloral  streak,  reaching  to  posterior  edge  of  the  eye  buffy  white;  only  a  small 
anteocular  spot  blackish ;  cheeks  and  auriculars  buffy  olive  (instead  of  blackish  slate) ; 
under  parts  deeper  yellow,  strongly  tinged  with  buff  along  sides,  and  gradually 
shading  into  paler  yellow  on  throat.  Wing  (male)  44-45,  (female)  42^;  tail  28-29, 
(female)  26;  bill  16-17. 

The  neutral  gray  (instead  of  blackish)  crown,  the  bright  green  back,  and  the  ab- 
sence of  black  on  sides  of  head,  together  with  the  conspicuous  buffy  supraloral  streak 
and  the  strong  buffy  tinge  on  the  lateral  under  parts  serve  to  distinguish  this  species 
at  first  sight  from  the  T.  cinereus  group.  Besides,  the  proportions  are  different,  the 
tail  being  shorter,  and  the  bill,  while  essentially  of  the  same  shape,  much  longer. 
The  mandible  is  almost  entirely  brownish  white  in  the  three  specimens,  but  this 
sometimes  occurs  in  the  allied  T.  cinereum  with  which  the  new  bird  agrees  in  shape 
and  markings  of  the  rectrices.  The  coloration  of  the  upper  parts — except  for  the 
buffy  edges  on  wing-coverts  and  secondaries — is  exactly  the  same  as  in  T.  maculatum 
signatum . 


302  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Todirostrum  maculatum  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  360,  1846 — Cayenne; 
BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Normandie,  2,  p.  35,  1857 — Cayenne;  LA  YARD, 
Ibis,  1873,  p.  381 — Pard;  SALVIN,  Cat.  Strickland  Coll.,  p.  302,  1882 — 
Mexiana  Isl.;  idem,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  292 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  73,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  e,  f,  Bartica  Grove,  Cayenne,  Mexiana, 
Para;  GOELDI,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  161 — Amapa;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  368 — Para  (nest 
descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1903,  p.  499 — Capim  River;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
p.  131,  318,  1908 — Cayenne,  Roche-Marie,  Isle  le  Pere,  Saint  Georges  d'Oya- 
pock,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  525,  1908 — Arumatheua, 
and  Alcobaga,  Rio  Tocantins;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  96,  1909 — 
Cano  San  Juan,  Orinoco  delta;  PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  214,  1910 — 
Surinam;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  205 — Pedernales,  Orinoco 
delta;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  400,  1914 — Para,  Sta.  Isabel,  Rio 
Mojti,  Rio  Tocantins,  Marajo  (Pacoval,  Rio  Arary,  Sao  Natal),  Maraca, 
Amapa;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  221,  1916 — Orinoco 
delta;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  157,  1921 — Bartica,  Bonasika  River, 
Abary  and  Anarica  River. 

Todirostrum  signatum  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist. 
Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  117,  1904 — Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock  (spec,  examined). 

Todirostrum  maculatum  maculatum  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Para,  Capim  River;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  106,  1912 
— Faz.  Nazareth,  Mexiana  Isl.  (crit.) ;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  62,  p.  76,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo. 

Range:  Northeastern  Venezuela  (Orinoco  delta);  British,  Dutch, 
and  French  Guiana;  northeastern  Brazil  (Amapa,  Maraca,  southern 
Guiana;  Maraj6;  Mexiana;  Para  district,  west  to  the  Tocantins,  east  to 
Maranhao) a. 

3:    Brazil,  Para  (Utinga  i);  Maranhao  (Sao  Luiz  i,  Tury-assii  i). 

^Todirostrum  maculatum  signatum  Sclater  and  Salvinb.    AMAZONIAN 
TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  signatum  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  (4)  5,  p.  267,  1881 — Nauta, 
Pebas,  and  Iquitos,  Rio  Maranon,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  228, 
1884 — same  localities;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  74,  1888 — Pebas, 
Iquitos. 

a  Birds  from  Para,  Mexiana,  and  Maranhao  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  a 
Guianan  series. 

b  Todirostrum  maculatum  signatum  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Very  similar  to  T.  m. 
maculatum,  but  crown  much  paler,  neutral  gray,  spotted  with  black  only  on  anterior 
portion  instead  of  being  mostly  black. 

Birds  from  Teff6  (Rio  Solimoes),  Rio  Jurua,  and  Rio  Madeira  agree  with  others 
from  Peru  and  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo).  Specimens  from  the  Rio  Negro,  Rio  Branco, 
Itacoatiard,  and  the  Tapajoz  form  the  transition  to  maculatum,  though  taken  as  a 
whole,  they  are  nearer  to  signatum. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  4.  Peru:  Nauta  4,  Iquitos  i.  Brazil: 
Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes  i ,  Rio  J  urud  i ;  Rio  Negro,  Barcellos  3,  Carvoeiro  3 ;  Rio  Branco  2 ; 
Itacoatiara  2;  Itaituba,  Rio  Tapajdz  i,  Santarem  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  303 

Todirostrum  maculatum  (not  of  DESMAREST)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  187 — Nauta  and  Upper  Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem, 
I.e.,  1873,  p.  278 — Nauta,  Pebas,  Ucayali;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  101, 
1868 — Barcellos  and  Carvoeiro,  Rio  Negro,  and  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (spec, 
examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  73,  1888 — part,  spec,  d,  Bar- 
cellos;  RIKER,  Auk,  7,  p.  269,  1890 — Santarem;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6, 
p.  433,  1905 — Rio  Jurua  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  266, 
1907 — Santarem  (spec,  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  501,  1908 — 
Goyana  and  Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Todirostrum  maculatum  signatum  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  267,  1907 — Rio 
Jurud;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  n,  1907 — Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  46,  1907 — Teffe",  Rio  Solimoes;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  288,  1910 — Calama 
and  Marmellos,  Rio  Madeira;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — 
Monte  Verde,  Rio  Purus;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  400,  1914 — 'Rio  Xingii 
(Forte  Ambe'),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Itaituba,  Goyana),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Conceicao, 
Tucunar6),  Rio  Puriis  (Monte  Verde),  Arumanduba,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio 
Maecuni,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Range:  Amazonia,  from  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  in  Ecuador 
and  Peru  throughout  the  greater  part  of  northern  Brazil,  east  to  the 
Jary  and  Xingii  (fide  Snethlage)a. 

3:     (Itacoatiara  2,  lower  Rio  Branco  i). 

^Todirostrum  fumifrons  fumifrons  Hartlaubb.   SMOKY-FRONTED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  fumifrons  HARTLAUB,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  35,  1853 — Brazil  (we  suggest 
Bahia). 

Triccus  crinitus  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  497,  1856 — Brazil 
(type  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Euscarthmus  fumifrons  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  51,  1859 — Brazil; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  209,  1862 — Brazil;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  79,  1888 — part,  spec,  c,  "Guiana"  =  Bahia  skin;  HELLMAYR,  Verh. 
Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  p.  205,  1903  (crit.). 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia  and  Maranhao. 

B  Todirostrum  gracilipes  SCLATER  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota)  is 
possibly  related  to  this  group.  It  is  described  as  allied  to  T.  maculatum  and  T.  (  = 
Euscarthmornis)  slriaticolle  and  having  the  throat  and  breast  striated  with  black,  but 
would  appear  to  differ  by  its  yellow  (instead  of  white)  throat,  dusky  crown  ("pileo 
fuscescente")  and  flesh  color  tarsi.  The  bill  is  stated  to  be  similar  to  that  of  T.  macu- 
latum, though  rather  shorter  and  narrower.  I  do  not  know  of  any  species  answering 
to  this  description.  It  is  not  even  mentioned  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  Birds  in  the 
British  Museum  and  the  type,  formerly  in  that  institution,  has  obviously  disappeared. 

b  This  scarce  species  is  nearly  related  to,  and  agrees  in  form  with,  the  better  known 
T.  latirostre,  but  differs  by  the  larger  upper  wing-coverts  being  broadly  tipped  with 
pinard  yellow  (instead  of  exteriorly  edged  with  yellow-ocher) ;  pinard  yellow  (instead 
of  white)  under  parts,  without  any  gray  on  chest,  and  with  the  throat  more  purely 
white;  much  brighter  yellowish  green  upper  parts;  pinkish  buff  instead  of  cinnamon 
buff  lores  and  orbital  region,  etc.  Wing  42-46;  tail  31-35;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  5,  Maranhao  5,  "Brazil"  2. 


304  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

5:  Brazil,  Maranhao  (Grajahu  i,  Barra  do  Corda  2,  Tranqueira  i, 
Alto  Parnahyba  i). 

Todirostrum  fumifrons  penardi  Hellmayr*.   PENARD'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  fumifrons  penardi  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  15,  p.  90,  1905 — near 
Paramaribo,  Surinam;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  132, 1908 — Saint  Georges 
d'Oyapock,  French  Guiana. 

Euscarthmus  fumifrons  (not  of  HARTLAUB)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  79, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a,  St.  Georges  d'Oyapock  (spec,  examined);  PENARD  and 
PENARD,  Vog.  Guyana,  2,  p.  216,  1910 — Surinam  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Range:    French  and  Dutch  Guiana. 

^Todirostrum    latirostre    latirostre    (Pelzeln).     RUSTY-FACED    TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  latirostris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  101,  173,  1868 — Borba,  Rio 
Madeira  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN, 
Ornis,  6,  p.  n,  1890 — Cuyabd;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  349,  1905 — 
Avanhandava,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined)  and  Santarem. 

Euscarthmus  ochropterus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  143,  1889 — 
Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (five  topotypes  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  333, 
1 892 — Chapada. 

Todirostrum  gulare  (not  Muscicapa  gularis  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'OR- 
BIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  46, 1837 — part,  descr.  of  "female" 
from  Chiquitos  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Ame"r.  m£rid.,  Ois.,  p.  315,  1839 — part,  female,  Santo  Corazon  de  Chiquitos, 
Bolivia. 

Todirostrum  latirostre  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  p.  205,  1903 
(crit.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  47,  1907 — TeS.6,  Rio  Solimoes;  idem,  I.e.,  17, 
p.  289,  1910 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  483,  1907  (crit.); 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  266,  1907 — Avanhandava  (Sao  Paulo)  and 
Santarem;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  25,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia. 

Euscarthmus  latirostris  latirostris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  7,  1924 — 
Matto  Grosso,  Bolivia  (Rio  Chapar6)  and  southeastern  Peru  (Candamo, 
Astillero). 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  from  the  Tapajoz  (Santarem)  and 
Solimoes  (Teffe)  south  through  Matto  Grosso  to  northern  Sao  Paulo 
(Avanhandava,  Tiete*  region);  eastern  Bolivia;  southeastern  Peru 
(Marcapata  district)b. 

»  Todirostrum  fumifrons  penardi  HELLMAYR:  Very  similar  to  T.  f.  fumifrons,  but 
upper  parts  conspicuously  darker  (less  yellowish)  green;  wing  bands  narrower  and 
paler,  yellowish  white;  cheeks  and  auriculars  more  grayish.  Wing  41-44;  tail  3O>£- 
33K;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Saint  Georges  d'Oyapock  i.  Dutch  Gui- 
ana: near  Paramaribo  2. 

b  Some  of  the  originals  of  E.  ochropterus  were  directly  compared  and  found  iden- 
tical with  the  type  of  E.  latirostris.  Two  specimens  from  Teff 6  are  difficult  to  allocate, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  305 

2 :    Bolivia  (Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare*  2). 

*Todirostrum  latirostre  caniceps  (Chapman)*.    GRAY-CROWNED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  latirostris  caniceps  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  7,  1924 — 
Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta,  Colombia. 

Euscarthmus  latirostris  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  81, 
1888 — Chamicuros  (Peru),  Rio  Napo,  (?)  Nauta;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  360 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo  (spec,  examined); 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  5,  1899 — • 
Rio  Zamora,  Ecuador. 

Todirostrum  latirostre  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  439,  1917 — 
Florencia,  Colombia. 

Range:  Southeastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta),  south  through  east- 
ern Ecuador  to  central  Peru  (La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin). 

4 :    Peru  (Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco  4) . 

Todirostrum  mirandae  Snethlage*.   MIRANDA'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  mirandae  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  73,  p.  266,  1925 — S&o  Paulo, 
Serra  de  Ibiapaba,  Ceara  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

being  intermediate  between  latirostre  and  caniceps.  Above  they  are  almost  as  dark 
as  the  latter,  while  in  coloration  of  under  parts  they  are  nearer  the  typical  race.  More 
material  from  the  Solimoes  is  required  to  decide  their  proper  pertinance. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Borba  (the  type)  i;  Teff6,  Rio  Solimoes  2;  Matto 
Grosso,  Chapada  4,  Abrilongo  i ;  Sao  Jeronymo,  Tiete',  Avanhandava,  Sao  Paulo  i. 
Bolivia:  Santo  Coraz6n,  Chiquitos  i,  Todos  Santos,  Rio  Chapare"  2,  Santa  Cruz  i. 

ft  Todirostrum  latirostre  caniceps  (CHAPMAN):  Similar  to  T.  1.  latirostre,  but  crown 
much  darker  and  more  slaty,  dark  grayish  olive  rather  than  light  brownish  olive; 
back  likewise  darker,  somewhat  lighter  than  olive  green  (instead  of  between  citrine 
and  warbler  green);  chest  more  strongly  tinged  with  grayish.  Wing  (male)  51-52; 
tail  3  3-37;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rio  Zamora  i,  Rio  Napo  i.  Peru:  Vista  Alegre, 
Huanuco  4;  La  Merced,  Chanchamayo  i. 

b  Todirostrum  mirandae  SNETHLAGE:  Upper  parts  between  serpentine  green  and 
yellowish  citrine,  somewhat  duller  (about  buffy  citrine)  on  hind  neck  and  crown,  and 
passing  into  light  buffy  brown  on  the  forehead;  smaller  wing-coverts  like  the  back, 
the  greater  series  dusky,  edged  with  buffy  citrine  along  the  outer  web;  alula  and  pri- 
mary coverts  plain  dusky;  remiges  likewise  dusky,  exteriorly  margined  with  yellowish 
citrine,  these  edges  becoming  wider  and  brighter  (buffy  yellow)  on  the  tertials;  tail 
dusky,  with  narrow  greenish  edges;  sides  of  head,  throat  and  chest  warm  buff, 
darkest  on  the  auriculars,  and  passing  into  light  buff  along  the  middle  of  the  abdomen ; 
sides  and  under  tail-coverts  washed  with  light  yellowish;  edge  of  wing  and  under 
wing-coverts  buffy  yellow;  bill  blackish ,  lower  mandible  brownish  white,  spotted  with 
dusky;  legs  and  feet  flesh  color.  Wing  (unsexed  adult)  48;  tail  41;  bill  12. 

A  very  distinct  species  of  peculiar  coloration.  From  T.  fumifrons  it  differs  by  lack- 
ing the  two  pale  yellow  wing  bands,  warm  buff  throat  and  chest,  and  buffy  yellow 
(instead  of  clear  lemon  yellow)  edge  of  wing  and  under  wing-coverts.  Besides,  the 
bill  is  narrower  and  apically  more  attenuated,  thus  forming  the  passage  to  Euscarth- 


306  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

(?)  Euscarthmus  gularis  (not  Muscicapa  gularis  TEMMINCK)  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881, 
p.  341 — Garanhuns,  Pernambuco. 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Ceard  (Serra  de  Ibia- 
paba). 

^Todirostrum   sylvia   schistaceiceps   Sdater*.     SLATY-HEADED   TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  schistaceiceps  SCLATER,  Ibis,  i,  p.  444,  1859 — Oaxaca,  Mexico;  idem, 
Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  208,  pi.  18,  fig.  2,  1862 — Oaxaca;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  74,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-i,  Oaxaca,  Choctum  and  Vera  Paz  (Guate- 
mala), Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  13, 
1888 — part,  Central  American  references;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl., 
2,  p.  20,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama;  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  46,  p.  217,  1906 — Savanna  of  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  367,  1907 — part,  excl.  South  American  references 
and  localities;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  300,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso  Real,  and  Pozo  del 
Rio  Grande,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  731,  1910 — 
Costa  Rica  (habits);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  264 — Pedro 
Miguel  and  Gatun,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  316,  1924 — Balboa. 

Todirostrum  sylvia  schistaceiceps  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  footnote  3,  1912  (crit.). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  and 
Tabasco),  southward  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras, 
Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica  to  Panama  (Canal  Zone). 

7:  Guatemala  (unspecified  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nica- 
ragua 2,  San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  i);  Costa  Rica  (El  General  i, 
Buenos  Aires  2) . 

Todirostrum  sylvia  superciliare  Lawrence*.  LAWRENCE'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  superciliaris  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  10,  p.  9,  1871 — • 
"Venezuela?"  =Carthagena,  Colombia. 

Todirostrum  schistaceiceps  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  74,  1888 — part,  spec,  j-m,  Bogota;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12, 
p.  135,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  150, 
1900 — Bonda,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Todirostrum  schistaceiceps  superciliare  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  438,  1914 — Los  Cisneros,  La  Manuelita,  Rio  Frio,  Puerto  Berrio,  Honda, 
Chicoral,  Villavicencio,  Colombia. 

•  Todirostrum  sylvia  schistaceiceps  SCLATER  may  be  distinguished  from  the  South 
American  races  by  having  the  sides,  flanks,  and  under  tail-coverts  much  more  strongly 
tinged  with  greenish  yellow. 

b  Todirostrum  sylvia  superciliare  LAWRENCE:  Similar  to  T.  s.  schistaceiceps,  but 
paler,  more  whitish  below,  with  less  grayish  suffusion  on  throat  and  chest,  and  the 
greenish  yellow  tinge  of  the  flanks  paler  as  well  as  more  restricted. 

Material  examined. — Bonda  3,  Bogota  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  307 

Todiroslrum  sylvia  superciliare  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  381,  1922 — Bonda,  Fundaci6n,  Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  Tucurinca,  and 
Valencia,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Carthagena;  Santa  Marta 
district;  Los  Cisneros  (  =  Juntas),  Rio  Dagua;  Cauca  and  Magdalena 
valleys;  Villavicencio ;  "Bogota"). 

*Todirostrum  sylvia  griseolum  Todd*.   GRAYISH  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todiroslrum  schistaceiceps  griseolum  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  170, 
1913 — El  Hacha,  Bolivar  Railroad,  Lara,  northwestern  Venezuela. 

Todirostrum  schistaceiceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9»  P-  37.  !9O2 — Maipures,  Caicara,  El  Traile,  Orinoco  River,  and  Suapure, 
Caura  (spec,  examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  221, 
1916 — Orinoco  Valley,  from  Caicara  upward. 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela,  in  states  of  Zulia  (Encontrados,  Rio 
Catatumbo),  Lara  (El  Hacha,  Bolivar  Railroad),  Carabobo  (Puerto 
Cabello),  and  Aragua  (Maracay),  south  to  the  Orinoco  and  its  tribu- 
tary, the  Caura. 

6:  Venezuela  (Encontrados,  Zulia  i,  Orope,  Zulia  i;  Maracay, 
Aragua  4). 

^Todirostrum  sylvia  sylvia  (Desmarest)b.    DESMAREST'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todus  sylvia  DESMAREST,  Hist.  Nat.  Tang.,  Manak.  et  Todiers,  livr.  10,  pi.  71, 
1806 — locality  unknown,  probably  French  Guiana  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

Todirostrum  beckeri  CORY,  Auk,  37,  p.  108,  1920 — base  of  Serra  da  Lua,  near 
Boavista,  Rio  Branco,  Brazil. 

a  Todirostrum  sylvia  griseolum  TODD:  Very  close  to  T.  s.  superciliare,  but  gray  of 
chest  deeper  and  more  extensive,  encroaching  on  the  throat  in  form  of  slight  stria- 
tions,  and  yellowish  green  of  flanks  slightly  duller.  The  differences,  though  not  very 
pronounced,  are  quite  noticeable  when  series  are  compared.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
distinctness  of  this  race  from  typical  T.  s.  sylvia  is  rather  questionable. 

Material  examined. — Encontrados,  Zulia  2;  Puerto  Cabello,  Carabobo  2;  Mara- 
cay, Aragua  4;  Caicara,  Orinoco  5;  Suapure,  Caura  i. 

b  Todirostrum  sylvia  sylvia  (DESMAREST)  :  Very  close  to  T.  s.  griseolum,  but  gray 
cap  more  restricted,  not  reaching  beyond  hind-crown;  orbital  ring  and  supraloral 
streak  buff  instead  of  white;  under  parts  whiter,  only  the  chest  being  flammulated 
with  pale  gray.  Wing  (unsexed  type)  44,  (male,  Rio  Branco)  45,  (female,  Annai)  46; 
tail  32-33;  bill  12-13. 

While  the  types  of  both  T.  sylvia  and  T.  beckeri  have  the  orbital  ring  and  supra- 
loral streak  decidedly  buffy,  this  is  less  conspicuous  in  the  Annai  specimen.  The  Rio 
Branco  bird  differs  from  the  two  others  by  olive  ocher  (instead  of  bright  olive  yellow) 
wing-bands.  Additional  material  is  required  to  determine  if  this  form  is  really 
separable  from  griseolum. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i.  British  Guiana: 
Annai  ( 9  ad.,  March  10,  1891.  H.  Whitely,  jr.,  Coll.  Boucard,  in  Paris  Museum). 
French  Guiana  (?)  i. 


308  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Todirostrum  sylvia  sylvia  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  footnote  3,  1912 — Annai,  Brit.  Guiana  (crit.). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana  (Annai),  and  adjacent  districts 
of  northern  Brazil  (near  Boavista,  upper  Rio  Brarico). 

i :    Brazil  (base  of  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i). 

*Todirostrum  sylvia  schulzi  Berlepsch*.  SCHULZ'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  schulzi  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  355,  1907 — Ourem,  Rio  Guama 
(type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8, 
p.  400,  1914 — Santa  Isabel  and  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para. 

Todirostrum  schistaceiceps  schulzi  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  72,  1910;  I.e.,  p.  157,  1925 — Riacho  da  Raiz,  below  Uniao,  Rio 
Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Todirostrum  sylvia  schulzi  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss., 
26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — Ourem  (crit.). 

Range :  Northeastern  Brazil,  from  Para  east  to  the  Rio  Parnahyba, 
Piauhy. 

5:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Rosario,  Primavera  2,  Sao  Luiz  i,  Sao  Bento 

2). 

Todirostrum  hypospodium  Berkpschb.   BERLEPSCH'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  hypospodium  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  354,  1907 — Bogota  (type  in 
Berlepsch  Collection  examined). 

Range:    Colombia  (native  Bogota-collections). 
Todirostrum  senex  (Pelzeln)0.  PLUMBEOUS-CROWNED  TODY-TYRANT. 

a  Todirostrum  sylvia  schulzi  BERLEPSCH:  Differs  from  all  the  other  races  by  much 
darker  (deep  neutral  gray  instead  of  neutral  gray)  pileum  and  sides  of  head;  de- 
cidedly duller,  less  yellowish  green  (between  serpentine  and  olive  green  instead  of 
warbler  green)  back;  narrower  and  paler  yellow  wing-bands;  much  darker  and  more 
extensively  gray  under  parts,  with  distinct  dark  gray  streaks  on  the  throat,  and  by 
lacking  the  yellowish  green  color  on  the  sides,  only  the  innermost  flanks  being 
faintly  shaded  with  dull  greenish.  Wing  (male)  47-49;  tail  33-35;  bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Para:  Ourem,  Rio  Guama  (the  type)  i.  Maranhao  (as 
specified  above)  5.  Piauhy:  Riacho  da  Raiz,  Rio  Parnahyba  i. 

b  Todirostrum  hypospodium  BERLEPSCH  :  Similar  in  form  to  T.  s.  superciliare,  but 
pileum  much  darker,  almost  blackish;  back  darker  green;  apical  edges  to  upper  wing- 
coverts  more  greenish  yellow;  under  parts  nearly  uniform  dark  gray  (about  the  same 
shade  as  in  T.  s.  schulzi},  with  hardly  any  white  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen;  under 
wing-coverts  olivaceous  instead  of  yellow.  Wing  (the  type)  51;  tail  35;  bill  12. 

I  am  not  sure  that  the  type,  an  unsexed  Bogota  skin,  is  anything  more  than  an 
individual  variant  of  7".  s.  superciliare. 

c  Todriostrum  senex  (PELZELN)  :  A  very  distinct  species,  perhaps  more  nearly 
related  to  T.  sylvia  than  to  any  other,  but  bill  much  shorter;  slate  gray  cap  restricted 
to  forehead  and  anterior  crown  and  spotted  with  black;  back  much  darker  (less 
yellowish)  green;  wing-markings  much  paler,  yellowish  white;  sides  of  head  light 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  309 

Euscarthmus  senex  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  101,  173, 1868 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira 

(type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Todirostrum  senex  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  289,  1910 — Borba  (crit.). 
Range:    Northern  Brazil  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira). 

Todirostrum  capitale  Sclater*.   SCLATER'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  capitale  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  83,  pi.  125,  fig.  2,  1857 — 
Rio  Napo  (type  now  in  British  Museum  ex  Jardine  Collection  examined; 
=  female);  idem,  I.e.,  26,  p.  70,  1858 — Rio  Napo;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer. 
Birds,  p.  208,  1862 — Rio  Napo;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  75,  1888 — 
Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu;  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  21,  p.  28,  1907— eastern 
Ecuador  (crit.). 

Todirostrum  picatum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  70,  1858 — Rio  Napo  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined;  =  male);  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  208, 
1862 — Rio  Napo;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  74,  1888 — Rio  Napo,  Sara- 
yacu. 

Range :    Eastern  Ecuador. 

Genus  CERATOTRICCUS  Cabanisb. 

Ceratotriccus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Todiros- 
trum furcatum  LAFRESNAYE. 

Ceratotriccus  furcatus  (Lafresnaye) .   FORK-TAILED  PYGMY  TYRANT. 
Todirostrum  furcatum  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  362,  1846 — Brazil. 
Euscarthmus  apicalis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  47,  pi.  9,  fig.  i — Brazil  = 

Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 
Euscarthmus  furcatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — Mattodentro,  Sao 

Paulo  (spec,  examined). 
Ceratotriccus  furcatus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  87,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio; 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  85,  1888 — Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus., 

Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  269,  1907 — 

Ubatuba,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 

pinkish  cinnamon  (instead  of  slate  gray) ;  throat  white,  narrowly  streaked  with  pale 
brown;  foreneck  also  white,  obeoletely  flammulated  with  pale  brownish,  etc.  Wing 
(adult  male)  48;  tail  34;  bill  12. 

In  shape  of  bill,  this  peculiar  species  of  which  the  type  appears  to  be  unique, 
comes  close  to  T.  capitale,  but  differs  widely  in  coloration. 

a  This  species  is  remarkable  for  its  sexual  dimorphism,  the  upper  parts  and  sides 
of  chest  being  black  in  the  male  (T.  picatum),  while  the  female  (T.  capitale)  has  the 
crown  rufous,  the  back  olive  green,  and  the  patch  on  sides  of  chest  dark  gray  (see 
Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  21,  p.  28,  1907). 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  8,  Sarayacu  4. 

b  This  genus,  though  nearly  related  to  Euscarthmornis,  is  immediately  dis- 
tinguished by  the  peculiar  tail  in  which  the  three  lateral  rectrices  are  rather  widened 
subapically,  while  the  inner  ones  are  distinctly  shortened  so  as  to  produce  a  slight 
furca. 


310  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro  (Cantagallo,  Novo  Friburgo)  and  Sao  Paulo  (Mattodentro, 
Ubatuba)8. 

Genus  ONCOSTOMA  Sclater. 

Oncostoma  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  208,  1862 — type  by  monotypy 
Todirostrum  cinereigulare  SCLATER. 

*Oncostoma  cinereigulare  cinereigulare  (Sclater).    BENT-BILLED  TY- 
RANT. 

Todirostrum  cinereigulare  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  "1856",  p.  295,  Jan.  1857 
Cordova,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Oncostoma  cinereigulare  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  208,  pi.  18,  fig.  i, 
1862 — Oaxaca,  Mexico;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  77,  1888 — southern 
Mexico  to  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  2,  p.  14,  1888 
— Mexico  to  Chiriqui;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  358, 
1907 — southern  Mexico  to  Panama  (full  bibliog.,  monog.);  DEARBORN,  Field 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Sen,  i,  p.  102,  1907 — near  Patulul,  Guatemala; 
BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  300,  1907 — Boruca  and  Pozo  del  Rio  Grande,  Costa  Rica; 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  733,  1910 — Caribbean  and  Pacific  low- 
lands of  Costa  Rica  (nest  descr.). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  Tabasco, 
Yucatan,  and  Chiapas)  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Hon- 
duras, Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica  to  western  Panama  (Chiriqui) b. 

9:  Mexico  (Santa  Efigenia,  Tehuantepec  i);  Guatemala  (near 
Patulul,  Solola  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Geronimo,  Chinandega  i);  Costa 
Rica  (Pozo  Azul  i ,  El  General  i ,  Boruca  i ,  Buenos  Aires  2) ;  Panama 
(Bogaba,  Chiriqui  i). 

Oncostoma  cinereigulare  olivaceum  (Lawrence)0.    LAWRENCE'S  BENT- 
BILLED  TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  olivaceum  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  4,  p.  12,  1862 — Lion  Hill,  Panama  Rail- 
road. 

•  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro  2,  Novo  Friburgo  i,  Mattodentro  i, 
Ubatuba  i,  unspecified  i. 

b  Ridgway's  extension  of  the  range  to  "  Lion  Hill  and  Panama"  appears  to  be  due 
to  a  pen  slip,  the  northern  race  having  never  been  recorded  from  any  locality  east  of 
Chiriqui. 

0  Oncostoma  cinereigulare  olivaceum  (LAWRENCE)  :  Differs  from  0.  c.  cinereigulare 
by  lacking  the  slate  gray  edges  to  the  crown  feathers  and  by  the  throat  and  chest 
being  pale  olive  yellow,  obsoletely  streaked  with  grayish  (instead  of  uniform  pale 
gray;)  bill  much  larger. 

Specimens  from  Colombia  appear  to  be  identical  with  others  from  Panama. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Lion  Hill  2.  Colombia:  Bucaramanga  i,  Ara- 
cataca  (Hungarian  National  Museum,  Budapest)  2,  Bogotd  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  311 

Oncostoma  olivacea  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  473,  1862 — 
Lion  Hill;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  20,  1900 — Loma  del  Leon, 
Panama. 

Oncostoma  olivaceum  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  358 — Lion  Hill; 
BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  57 — Bucaramanga,  Colombia  (crit.);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  77,  1888 — Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  15,  1888 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  360,  1907 — Panama  and  Colombia;  BERLEPSCH, 
Ornis,  14,  p.  484,  1907 — Bogota;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918, 
p.  264 — Gatun,  Panama;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65, 
p.  216,  1922 — Rio  Esnape  and  Jesusito,  Darien;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  384,  1922 — Don  Diego,  Santa  Marta  district;  HALLINAN, 
Auk,  41,  p.  316,  1924 — Valley  of  the  Rio  Velazquez,  Panama. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Panama  Railroad;  Darien)  and  northern 
Colombia  (Don  Diego  and  Aracataca,  Santa  Marta  district;  Bogota; 
Bucaramanga,  Prov.  Santander). 

Genus  EUSCARTHMORNIS  Oberholser. 

Euscarthmornis  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  40,  p.  327,  1923 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Eus- 
carthmus  nidipendulus  WIED. 

Euscarthmornis  nidipendulus  nidipendulus  (Wied).   HANG-NEST  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  nidipendulus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  950,  1831 — Rio 
Mucuri  and  interior  of  Bahia,  Prov.  Bahia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  78,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Bahia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 
p.  229,  1889 — note  on  Wied's  types;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  267, 
1907 — range  part,  Bahia. 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil  (State  of  Bahia)". 

Euscarthmornis    nidipendulus    paulistus    (Hellmayr)b.     SAN    PAULO 
TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  nidipendulus  paulistus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  170,  1914 — 

Ypanema,  S&o  Paulo. 
Euscarthmus  nidipendulus  (not  of  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — 

Ypanema  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  183,  1899 — 

Ypiranga  and  Santo  Amaro;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  227,  1900  (nest  descr.);  idem,  Cat. 

Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  267, 1907 — Ypiranga,  Jaboticabal,  Iguape",  Itatiba,  Barretos, 

and  Ubatuba. 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil  (in  State  of  Sao  Paulo). 
•  Nine  specimens  from  Bahia  examined. 

b  Euscarthmornis  nidipendulus  paulistus  (HELLMAYR)  :  Similar  in  coloration  to 
the  typical  race,  but  larger,  particularly  the  tail  much  longer.  Wing  45-48  (against 
42-44);  tail  36-39  (against  30-32). 

Material  examined. — Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  7,  Ypiranga  i,  Victoria  3,  Fazenda 
Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  i. 


3i2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Euscarthmornis  spodiops  (Berlepsch}*.  GRAY-FACED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Etiscarthmus  spodiops  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  87,  1901 — Songo,  Yungas  of 
La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range:    Western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz). 

*Euscarthmornis  orbitatus  (Wied)b.   OLIVACEOUS  TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  orbitatus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  958, 1831 — southeastern 
Brazil;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sapitiba,  and 
Ypanema;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  79,  1888 — Ypanema;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  229,  1889 — note  on  Wied's  types;  IHERING, 
Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo,  Rio;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I, 
p.  267,  1907 — Alto  da  Serra,  Ypiranga,  Jundiahy,  Campinas,  Jaboticabal, 
Rio  Feio,  Bauru,  Itapura,  and  Ubatuba  (Sao  Paulo),  and  Espirito  Santo. 

Todirostrum  palpebrosttm  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  362,  1846 — "Colombie?" 

Euscarthmus  limbatus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  51,  1859 — Brazil 
(type  examined);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo,  Rio. 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil  (in  states  of  Espirito 
Santo,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  Sao  Paulo). 

i :  Brazil  (Fazenda  Cayoa,  Rio  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema,  Sao 
Paulo  i). 

^Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  striaticollis  ( Lafresnaye) .  STRIPED-NE  CKED 

TODY-TYRANT. 
Todirostrum  striaticotte  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  5,  p.  58,  1853 — Bahia. 

Triccus  orbitatus  (not  of  WIED)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  497, 
1856 — Bahia. 

Euscarthmus  striaticollis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  101,  1868 — Rio  Araguay, 
Villa  Maria  [  =  San  Luis  de  Caceres],  [Villa  Bella  de]  Matto  Grosso  (spec, 
examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  83,  1888 — Villa  Maria  and 

*  Euscarthmornis  spodiops  (BERLEPSCH):  Allied  to  E.  nidipendulus  with  which  it 
agrees  in  absence  of  wing-bands  and  coloration  of  abdomen,  but  upper  parts  and  sides 
of  head  much  darker,  more  tawny  green ;  supraloral  streak  buff  instead  of  yellowish ; 
ground  color  of  throat  and  chest  dingy  grayish  brown  instead  of  white;  wing  rather 
longer;  bill  slightly  wider.  Wing  (unsexed  adult)  51^;  tail  37;  bill  io>^. 

This  bird  of  which  the  type  appears  to  be  the  only  known  specimen  is  evidently  a 
good  species.  Its  crown-feathers  are  much  less  elongated  than  in  either  nidipendulus 
or  striaticollis,  but  bill  and  tarsi  are  colored  as  in  the  former. 

b  Euscarthmornis  orbitatus  (WIED)  may  be  immediately  recognized  from  E. 
nidipendulus  paulistus  by  larger  size,  flesh-color  tarsi,  pale  brown  bill  with  whjtish 
mandible,  and  quite  different  coloration;  the  wide  whitish  orbital  ring,  the  dusky 
anteocular  spot,  and  the  yellowish  under  parts,  faintly  flammulated  with  buffy  on 
the  chest  being  its  most  conspicuous  features.  Wing  50-55 ;  tail  45-50. 

Material  examined. — Rio  de  Janeiro :  Sapitiba  i,  Rio  2.  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  3, 
Alto  da  Serra  i,  Jundiahy  i,  Victoria  6,  Sao  Sebastiao  4,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Rio  Parana- 
panema 8.  "Brazil"  (type  of  E.  limbatus)  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 

Bahia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  333,  1892 — Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  269,  1907 — Bahia;  HELLMAYR, 
Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  42,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz;  REISER,  Denks.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  158,  1925 — Bahia  and  Piauhy. 

Euscarthmus  striaticottis  striaticollis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  290,  1910 — 
part,  Bahia,  Goyaz,  and  Matto  Grosso. 

Euscarthmus  stricticollis  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  7-2,  1910 — Lagoa  da  Estrema,  Rio  Grande,  and  Porto  da  Pedra,  Rio  Preto, 
(Bahia),  Parnagua,  below  Nova  York  and  above  Pintados,  Rio  Parnahyba 
(Piauhy). 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  in  states  of  Maranhao,  Piauhy, 
Bahia,  Goyaz,  and  Matto  Grosso». 

18:  Brazil,  Bahia  (Sao  Amaro  i,  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto  i); 
Maranhao  (Rosario  4,  Sao  Bento  7,  Barra  do  Corda  2,  Cod6,  Cocos  i, 
Alto  Parnahyba  i);  Goyaz  (Philadelphia  i). 

Euscarthmornis    striaticollis    griseiceps    (Todd)b.     TODD'S    STRIPED- 
NECKED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  striaticollis  griseiceps  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  93,  1925 — 

Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (type  examined). 
Euscarthmus  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7, 

p.  270,  1890 — Santarem;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  403,  1914 — 

Cussary  and  Rio  Tapajoz  (Santarem,  Baiao). 
Euscarthmus  striaticollis  striaticollis  HELLMAYR,   Nov.  Zool.,   17,  p.   289,   290, 

1910 — part,  Sao  Isabel,  Rio  Preto,  and  Santarem. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tapaj6z 
to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Sao  Isabel,  Rio  Preto). 

Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  iohannis  (Snethlage)".    JOHANNES'S  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

a  Specimens  from  Goyaz  and  Matto  Grosso  have  the  crown  light  brownish  olive 
like  those  from  eastern  Brazil,  but  sometimes  approach  griseiceps  by  their  duller,  less 
yellowish  green  back. 

Material  examined. — Bahia:  Sao  Amaro  i,  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto  i,  trade 
skins  9.  Maranhao  (as  specified  above)  15.  Goyaz:  Rio  Araguaya  2,  Philadelphia  i. 
Matto  Grosso:  Villa  Bella  i,  San  Luis  de  Caceres  i. 

b  Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  griseiceps  (Tooo) :  Similar  to  the  typical  race,  but 
pileum  decidedly  grayish  (somewhat  grayer  than  "hair  brown")  instead  of  light 
brownish  olive;  back  duller,  less  yellowish  green;  yellow  of  under  parts  on  average 
paler,  with  less  greenish  suffusion  on  chest.  Wing  (male)  49-52,  (female)  46-49;  tail 
40-43,  (female)  35-38. 

The  specimens  from  the  Rio  Madeira  (Sao  Isabel),  on  recent  reexamination, 
were  found  to  agree  in  every  particular  with  skins  from  Santarem. 

Material  examined. — Santarem  7,  "lower  Amazon"  i,  Sao  Isabel,  Rio  Preto, 
Rio  Madeira  2. 

8  Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  iohannis  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Readily  distinguished  from 
E.  s.  griseiceps  by  the  pileum  being  green,  but  slightly  darker  than  the  back;  dis- 


314  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Euscarthmus  iohannis  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  15,  p.  193,  1907 — Monte 

Verde,  Rio  Punis  (type  examined);  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goedli,  8,  p.  402,  1914 — 

Monte  Verde. 
Euscarthmus  zosterops  (not  of  PELZELN)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 

— Monte  Verde,  Rio  Punis. 
Euscarthmus  striaticollis  iohannis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,   17,  p.  290,   1910 — 

Rio  Punis  (crit.). 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  in  State  of  Amazonas  from  the  Rio  Punis 
north  to  the  Rio  Solimoes  (Sao  Paulo  de  Olivenga). 

^Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  amazonicus  (Hellmayr)*.    CASTELNAU'S 

TODY-TYRANT. 
Euscarthmus  striaticollis  amazonicus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  168,  1914 — 

Pebas,  Peru  (type  in  Paris  Museum). 

Euscarthmus  zosterops  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1878,  p.  138 — Moyobamba. 

Range:    Northern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Loreto  (Pebas,  Moyobamba). 
3:    Peru  (Moyobamba  3). 

Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  zosterops  (Pelzeln)b.    WHITE-EYED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  zosterops  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  173,  1868 — part,  Marabi- 
tanas  (type)  and  San  Carlos,  upper  Rio  Negro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 

tinctly  more  yellowish  margins  to  the  greater  wing-coverts;  much  smaller  and 
obsolete,  dingy  yellowish  or  buffish  (instead  of  white)  loral  spot;  dull  olivaceous 
(instead  of  hair  brown)  sides  of  the  head;  paler  yellow  under  parts,  with  the  dusky 
streaking  much  less  conspicuous;  throat  strongly  tinged  with  yellowish  instead  of 
pure  white;  chest  more  olivaceous.  Wing  (male)  51-55,  (female)  48-49;  tail  39-43, 
(female)  37;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Punis:  Monte  Verde  (the  type)  i,  Hyutanahan  3; 
Sao  Paulo  de  Olivenca,  Rio  Solimoes  2. 

a  Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  amazonicus  (HELLMAYR)  :  Nearest  to  E.  s.  striaticol- 
lis, but  much  more  deeply  colored  above,  the  crown  being  dark  brownish  olive 
(instead  of  light  brownish  olive)  and  the  back  much  darker  and  less  yellowish  green. 
Wing  (male)  52-54,  (female)  51;  tail  40-44;  bill  12. 

Comparison  of  fresh  material  shows  this  form,  originally  based  on  three  old  skins 
in  the  Paris  Museum,  to  be  very  different  from  E.  s.  johannis.  In  fact,  it  exhibits  a 
decided  reversion  to  the  characters  of  the  East  Brazilian  striaticollis  which  it  re- 
sembles in  wing  markings  and  coloration  of  under  parts.  The  lack  of  the  dusky  cap 
in  the  typical  examples  is  probably  due  to  fading. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Pebas  3,  Moyobamba  3. 

b  Euscarthmornis  striaticollis  zosterops  (PELZELN)  :  This  is  the  palest  among  the 
races  of  this  group,  differing  from  E.  s.  iohannis  by  much  duller  green  upper  parts 
with  an  ashy  tinge  on  the  forehead;  two  conspicuous  pale  yellow  wing-bands,  formed 
by  the  tips  to  the  median  and  greater  wing-coverts;  very  pale  (primrose  yellow) 
under  parts,  passing  into  whitish  on  chin,  faintly  streaked  with  pale  grayish  on 
throat  and  chest.  Wing  (three  males)  50-52;  tail  48;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Marabitanas  (the  type)  i.  Venezuela:  San  Carlos 
i.  Ecuador:  Rio  Santiago  i. 


BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  315 

examined);  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  5,  1899 — Rio  Santiago,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
21,  p.  168,  1914  (crit.). 

Euscarthmus  striaticollis  zosterops  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  290,  1910 — 
Rio  Negro  and  eastern  Ecuador  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  440,  1917 — Florencia,  Colombia. 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro)  and  ad- 
joining portion  of  southern  Venezuela  (below  San  Carlos,  Rio  Guainia) ; 
eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Santiago) ;  southeastern  Colombia  (Florencia,  Rio 
Caqueta). 

Euscarthmornis  griseipectus  (Snethlage)*.  WHITE-BELLIED  TODY-TY- 
RANT. 

Euscarthmus  griseipectus  SNETHLAGE,  Ornith.  Monatsber.,  15,  p.  194,  1907 — 
Alcobaga,  Rio  Tocantins  (type  examined);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  525, 
1908 — Alcobaca;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  402,  1914 — Alcobaca  and  Cam- 
eta. 

Euscarthmus  leucogaster  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  169,  1914 — Yahuarmayo, 
Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Dept.  Puno,  Peru;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  49,  1920 — Yahuarmayo;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  91,  1921 
— Rio  Comberciato,  Urubamba  region,  Peru. 

Range:  Southeastern  Peru,  in  depts.  of  Cuzco  (Rio  Comberciato, 
Urubamba  region)  and  Puno  (Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya);  and 
northern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Para  (Rio  Tocantins). 

Euscarthmornis  nattereri  ( Hellmayr) b.   NATTERER'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

a  Euscarthmornis  griseipectus  (SNETHLAGE)  :  Nearly  related  to  E.  s.  zosterops,  but 
differs  principally  by  lacking  the  whitish  orbital  ring;  by  more  heavily  streaked 
throat;  pale  ashy  gray  foreneck  and  chest,  flammulated  with  whitish;  pure  white 
(instead  of  primrose  yellow)  belly,  faintly  tinged  with  light  greenish  on  the  inner 
flanks  only,  etc.  Wing  (male)  52-55,  (female)  47;  tail  48-50,  (female)  41;  bill  12. 

On  direct  comparison,  the  types  of  E.  griseipectus  and  E.  leucogaster  prove  to  be 
identical  in  spite  of  their  widely  separated  ranges.  The  Brazilian  bird  is  slightly 
larger  (wing  55,  against  52;  tail  50,  against  48)  and  a  trifle  brighter  green  above,  but 
the  variation  is  insignificant. 

Material  examined. — Brazil :  Alcobaga,  Rio  Tocantins  (male)  i .  Peru :  Yahuar- 
mayo (male  and  female)  2. 

b  Euscarthmornis  nattereri  (HELLMAYR):  In  form  nearly  agreeing  with  E.  p. 
plumbeiceps,  but  crown  brownish  instead  of  plumbeous;  rufous  on  sides  of  head  much 
paler  (cinnamon  buff)  and  restricted  to  loral  and  orbital  region;  lesser  upper  wing- 
coverts  yellow  ocher  instead  of  greenish  like  the  back;  throat  whitish,  not  rufous, 
etc.  Wing  46-51 ;  tail  35-41. 

In  coloration,  this  species  is  almost  an  exact  duplicate  of  Tpdirostrum  latirostre 
(PELZELN)  and  merely  differs  by  somewhat  paler,  more  brownish  pileum,  brighter 
rufescent  loral  region  and  orbital  ring,  more  yellowish  back,  and  by  the  chest  lacking 
the  grayish  tinge  and  being  washed  with  yellowish  like  the  flanks.  The  bill,  however, 
is  very  differently  shaped,  being  much  narrower  with  more  elevated  as  well  as  more 
convex  culmen,  and  places  the  species  in  the  genus  Euscarthmornis. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Parand,  Sao  Paulo  (the  type)  i.  Matto  Grosso: 
Cuyaba  i,  Engenho  do  Gama  i. 


316  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Euscarthmus  nattereri  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  p.  204,  1903 — 
Rio  Parana,  northern  SSo  Paulo;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  268,  1907 — 
Sao  Paulo  and  Matto  Grosso. 

Euscarthmus  fumifrons  (not  Todirostrum  fumifrons  HARTLAUB)  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  101,  1868 — Rio  Parana  (Sao  Paulo),  Cuyaba  and  Engenho  do 
Gama  (Matto  Grosso);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  184,  1899  (ex  Pelzeln). 

Range :  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo  (Rio  Parana)  and 
Matto  Grosso  (Cuyabd,  Engenho  do  Gama). 

^Euscarthmornis  plumbeiceps  plumbeiceps  (Lafresnaye).  LEAD- 
CROWNED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  gularis  (not  of  STEPHENS  1817")  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr. 
28,  pi.  167,  fig.  i,  1822 — "Bresil,"  coll.  Natterer;  =  Prov.  Sao  Paulo. 

Todirostrum  plumbeiceps  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  361,  1846 — based  on 
Azara,  No.  169,  Paraguay,  and  Muscicapa  gularis  TEMMINCK. 

Todirostrum  rufilatum  HARTLAUB,  Journ.  Orn.,  3,  p.  98,  1855 — Brazil. 

Euscarthmus  gularis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — Taipa  and  Ypanema, 
Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  292,  1874 — Novo  Fri- 
burgo,  Rio;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  605 — part,  Santo  Tomd,  Corri- 
entes;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  129,  1885 — Taquara, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  136,  1888 — part, 
Corrientes  and  Misiones;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  81,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-h,  Pelotas,  Brazil;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16, 
p.  125,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  184,  1899 — 
Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo;  idem,  I.e., 
p.  228,  1900  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  268,  1907 — 
Ypiranga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Jundiahy,  and  Itarar6,  Sao  Paulo;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  578 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  325,  1910 — Corrientes;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Alto  Parana; 
DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  339,  1914 — Bonpland,  Misiones  (spec, 
examined). 

Euscarthmus  gularis  gularis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  26,  1925  (range). 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil  (from  Espirito  Santo 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul)  and  adjacent  districts  of 
Paraguay  and  Argentina  (Misiones  and  Corrientes) b. 

4:  Argentina,  Misiones  (Puerto  Segundo  2,  Eldorado  i,  unspecified 
i). 

Euscarthmornis  plumbeiceps  viridiceps  (Salvadori)e.  SALVADORI'S 
TODY-TYRANT. 

•  Muscicapa  gularis  STEPHENS  in  Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.,  10  (2),  p.  392,  1817. 

b  Specimens  from  Paraguay,  Misiones,  and  Brazil  agree  well  together. 

Material  examined. — Paraguay:  Sapucay  3.  Argentina:  Misiones  5.  Brazil: 
Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  3;  Desterro,  Santa  Catharina  i;  Sao  Paulo,  Taipa  i, 
Ypanema  2,  Victoria  3;  Novo  Friburgo,  Rio  i;  Engenheiro  Reeve,  Espirito  Santo  i. 

e  Euscarthmornis  plumbeiceps  viridiceps  (SALVADORI)  :  Exceedingly  close  to,  but 
distinguishable  from,  typical  plumbeiceps  by  deeper  rufous  sides  of  head,  broader 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  317 

Euscarthmus  viridiceps  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  12, 
1897 — San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy  (type  examined  ;=juv.);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  325,  1910 — Oran  and  San  Lorenzo. 

Todirostrum  gulare  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  46,  1837 — part,  Yungas;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage 
Amer.  meYid.,  Ois.,p.  315,  1839 — part,  descr.  "male"  from  Circuata,  Prov. 
Yungas  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Euscarthmus  gularis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  612 — Simacu, 
Bolivia;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  605 — part,  Oran,  Salta;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  I,  p.  136,  1888 — part,  Oran;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  81,  1888 — part,  spec,  i,  j,  Simacu,  Bolivia. 

Euscarthmus  gularis  viridiceps  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  195, 
1909 — Ledesma,  Jujuy  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  25, 
1925 — Yungas,  Chulumani,  Coroico  (Bolivia),  Jujuy  (crit.,  range). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Jujuy 
and  Dept.  Oran)  and  Bolivia  (Yungas). 

Euscarthmornis  russatus  (Salvin  and  Godman)*.  RUDDY  TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  russatus  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  2,  p.  445,  1884 — Roraima, 
Brit.  Guiana;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  292 — Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  82,  pi.  9,  fig.  i,  1888 — Roraima;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2, 
p.  158,  1921 — Roraima. 

Range:    British  Guiana  (Roraima  Mts.). 

Euscarthmornis    rufigularis    (Cabanis)*.     RUFOUS-THROATED    TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  rufigularis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  67,  1873 — Monterico,  Dept. 
Ayacucho,  Peru  (types  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI, 

wing-bands,  more  grayish  chest,  and  slightly  more  yellowish  flanks,  while  the  dusky 
auricular  spot  is  smaller  or  even  absent.  Wing  42-45;  tail  34-39. 

The  type  is  an  immature  bird  with  dull  greenish  crown. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Prov.  Jujuy:  San  Lorenzo  (the  type)  i,  Le- 
desma 5.  Bolivia:  Circuata  2,  Chulumani  i,  Coroico  i,  Songo  i. 

•  Euscarthmornis  russatus  (SALVIN  and  GODMAN)  :  Nearly  allied  to,  and  in  wing- 
markings  agreeing  with  E.  plumbeiceps,  but  crown  much  darker,  blackish  plumbeous, 
and  rufous  on  forehead,  sides  of  head,  etc.  much  deeper  and  carried  down  to  the 
chest.  Wing  (three  males)  49-5 \%,  (one  female)  50;  tail  34-37. 

This  strongly  marked  form  is  probably  conspecific  with  E.  plumbeiceps. 

Material  examined. — Roraima  4. 

b  Euscarthmornis  rufigularis  (CABANIS)  :  Nearest  to  E.  plumbeiceps,  but  much 
larger  in  all  proportions;  mandible  whitish  instead  of  black;  crown  dingy  grayish 
brown;  back  much  duller  green;  no  trace  of  yellow  ocher  wing-bands,  the  wing- 
coverts  being  edged  with  the  color  of  the  back;  lores  buffy  white;  orbital  ring,  throat, 
and  foreneck  only  cinnamon-buff  (about  the  same  shade  as  in  Atalotriccus  pilaris, 
hence  considerably  paler  than  in  E.  plumbeiceps) ;  cheeks  and  auriculars  dull  smoke 
brown,  etc.  Wing  (male)  56}^,  (female)  51;  tail  54,  (female)  45;  bill  12^-13. 

The  (two)  types  from  Monterico  are  the  only  specimens  I  have  seen  of  this  well- 
marked  species. 


318  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  534 — Monterico;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  231,  1884 — 
Monterico;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  82,  1888  (ex  Cabanis). 

Range:  Central  Peru,  in  Dept.  Ayacucho  (Monterico,  east  of 
Huanta). 

*Euscarthmornis    granadensis    granadensis     (Hartlaub)*.       BLACK- 
THROATED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  granadense  HARTLAUB,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  289,  1843 — "Nouvelle 
Grenade"  =  Bogota;  STRICKLAND,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1852,  p.  41,  pi.  85,  fig.  i 
— Bogotd;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  84,  1857 — Bogota. 

Todirhamphus  pectoralis  KAUP,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  "1851,"  p.  52,  Oct.  1852 — 
Mexico  (?),  errore,  =  Bogota. 

Todirostrum  grenadense  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  148,  1855 — Bogota. 

Euscarthmus  granadensis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  512 — 
Retiro,  Envigado,  and  Santa  Elena,  Antioquia;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32, 
p.  299,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  82,  1888 — 
Bogotd,  Antioquia,  Santa  Elena,  Medellin;  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  5,  1899 — Pun,  Ecuador;  BANGS,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  96,  1899 — La  Concepcion,  Santa  Marta  Mts.;  ALLEN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  150,  1900 — El  Libano;  CHAPMAN,  I.e., 
36,  p.  440,  1917 — Salencio,  west  of  Popayan,  Cocal,  Almaguer,  Laguneta, 
and  Santa  Elena,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  384,  1922 — El  Libano,  Las  Taguas,  San  Lorenzo,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa 
Marta,  San  Miguel,  and  Heights  of  Chirua,  Santa  Marta  district. 

Range:  Subtropical  and  lower  Temperate  Zone  of  Colombia  and 
northeastern  Ecuador  (Pun). 

4:  Colombia  (Cocal,  west  of  Popayan  i,  Bogotd  2,  Paramo  de 
Tama  i). 

Euscarthmornis  granadensis  pyrrhops  (Cabanis)*.    RED-FACED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  pyrrhops  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  98,  1874 — central  Peru, 
locality  not  specified  (the  original  examples  are  from  Maraynioc  and  Tambo- 
pata);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  535 — Maraynioc,  Tambopata; 
idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — Tamiapampa  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2, 
p.  232,  1884 — Tambopata,  Tamiapampa;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  83,  1888 — Tamiapampa,  San  Lucas,  and  "Puna  Island";  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  360 — Maraynioc  (Culumachay) ;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  91,  1921 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana, 
Urubamba  region. 

•  In  style  of  coloration,  this  species  presents  striking  analogy  to  Hemitriccus  diops. 

b  Euscarthmornis  granadensis  pyrrhops  (CABANIS)  :  Precisely  similar  to  E.  g. 
granadensis  except  for  the  deep  cinnamon  instead  of  whitish  or  buffy  anteocular 
spot.  Wing  45-47;  tail  41-42. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Maraynioc  (Culumachay)  i,  Tamiapampa  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  319 

Euscarthmus  ocularis  SALVIN,  Ibis  (3)  6,  p.  493,  1876 — "Puna  Island"  and  San 
Lucas,  Ecuador'. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru  (south  to  the  Urubamba  Valley, 
Dept.  Cuzco)  and  adjacent  section  of  Ecuador. 

*Euscarthmornis   margaritaceiventer   margaritaceiventer    (Lafresnaye 
and  D'Orbigny).   PEARLY- VENTED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  margaritaceiventer  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  46,  1837 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum 
examined);  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am£r.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  316,  pi.  33,  fig.  3, 
1839 — Santo  Corazon  de  Chiquitos  (Bolivia)  and  Corrientes. 

Fluvicola  margaritacea  THIENEMANN,  Einhundert  Taf.  col.  Abb.  Vogeleiern,  Part 
7,  p.  311,  pi.  29,  fig.  i  (egg),  1851 — new  name  for  Todirostrum  margaritacei- 
venter LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

Euscarthmus  rufipes  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  273,  1844 — Peru  (type 
in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  233,  1884 
(descr.  of  type). 

Euscarthmus  pelzelni  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  (4)  5,  p.  268,  1881 — Cuyaba, 
Matto  Grosso  (type  examined  ;  =  juv.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p. 
80,  1888 — Cuyaba;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  333,  1892 — 
Chapada,  Matto  Grosso. 

Orchilus  rufipes  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  165,  1846 — Peru. 

Triccus  nidipendulus  (not  of  WIED)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — 
Parana  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Triccus  margaritiventris  (lapsu)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  456,  1861 — 
Parana;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Rio  Guayquiraro, 
Corrientes. 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  (m)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  101,  1868 — Rio 
das  Pedras  (Sao  Paulo),  Porto  do  Rio  Araguay  (Goyaz),  Cuyaba,  Barra  do 
Jauni,  and  Cidade  de  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880, 
P-  357 — Tucuman;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  605 — Oran,  Salta;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12,  1887 — Lambare',  Paraguay;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  136,  1888 — Argentina;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  80,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  c,  d,  Tucuman,  Maranura  (Peru);  STEMPEL- 
MANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba; 
KERR,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  130 — Fortin  Nueve,  lower  Pilcomayo;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  13,  1897 — San  Francisco  and  Caiza,  Boli- 
vian Chaco;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  No.  378,  p.  6,  1900 — Urucum  and  Corumba, 
Matto  Grosso;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Paraguayan  Chaco;  OBERHOLSER, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  139,  1902 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  LILLO,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  184,  1902 — Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata, 
ii,  p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — 
Tucuman;  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  9,  10,  1905  (crit., 

•  The  locality  "  Puna  Island"  is  evidently  erroneous.  San  Lucas  is  supposed  to  be 
in  the  Prov.  of  Loja,  though  its  exact  location  and  altitude  are  unknown. 


320  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

range,  variation);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  388,  1905 — Avanhandava, 
Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  268,  1907 — Avanhandava  and  Bauni, 
Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined) ;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  578 — Sapucay;  GRANT,  I.e., 
1911,  p.  115 — Puerto  Pinasco,  Puerto  Maria,  Villa  Franca  and  Cabo  Emma 
(Paraguay),  Pan  de  Azucar  (Matto  Grosso);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55, 
1914 — Mondaih,  Paraguay. 

Euscarthmus  wuchereri  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1873)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16 — Maranura,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru;  TACZANOWS- 
KI,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  233,  1884 — Maranura. 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  (subsp.?)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  360 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo  (spec,  examined). 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  margaritaceiventer  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15, 
p.  42,  1908 — Rio  Thesouras,  Goyaz;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  195, 
1909 — San  Vicente,  Ocampo,  and  Mocovi  (Santa  Fe"),  and  Tucuman;  DAB- 
BENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  325,  1910 — Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Moco- 
vi, Ocampo,  Oran  (Salta);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — 
Caceres,  Matto  Grosso;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  26,  1925 — Chiquitos 
(note  on  type). 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  rufipes  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p. 
91,  1921 — Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (from  Cordoba,  Santa  Fe,  and  En- 
trerios  northward) ;  Paraguay ;  southwestern  Brazil  (in  State  of  Matto 
Grosso,  east  to  Goyaz,  south  to  the  Parana-Tiete"  region  in  northern 
Sao  Paulo);  eastern  Bolivia;  southern  Peru  (Urubamba  Valley,  Dept. 
Cuzco;  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin)a. 

20:  Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  i;  Concepcion,  Prov. 
Tucumari  u;  Ledesma,  Prov.  Jujuy  i);  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept. 
Santa  Cruz  2) ;  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso  (Urucum  de  Corumba  3,  Pira- 
putanga  i);  Peru  (San  Ramon,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin  i). 

*Euscarthmomis  margaritaceiventer  wuchereri  (Sclater  and  Salvin)*. 
WUCHERER'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

a  Birds  from  Brazil  and  Argentina  are  identical  with  a  topotypical  series  from 
Bolivia.  E.  pelzelni  was  based  on  an  immature  specimen  with  brownish  crown. 
Five  specimens  from  Peru  have  the  back  somewhat  brighter  green  and  the  abdomen 
tinged  with  yellowish,  and  if  separable,  would  have  to  stand  as  E,  m.  rufipes. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Maranura  i,  San  Ramon  i,  La  Merced  2,  unspecified 
(type  of  E.  rufipes)  i.  Bolivia:  Chiquitos  (the  type)  i,  Buenavista  2,  Samaipata  2, 
Omeja  i,  Caiza  i.  Argentina:  Tucuman  3,  Ledesma,  Jujuy  i,  Ocampo,  Santa  Fe"  3, 
Parana  i,  Corrientes  2.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  i.  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Barra  do 
Jauni  i,  Cuyaba  (including  type  of  E.  pelzelni)  5,  Urucum  3,  Piraputanga  i;  Sao 
Paulo,  Rio  das  Pedras  3,  Sao  Jeronymo,  Avanhandava,  Rio  Tiet6  i ;  Rio  Thesouras, 
Goyaz  3. 

b  Euscarthmornis  margaritaceiventer  wuchereri  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN):  Very  simi- 
lar to  E.  m.  margaritaceiventer,  but  back  much  less  greenish;  throat  more  distinctly 
streaked;  flanks  without  any  yellowish  tinge. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  (including  the  type)  3;  Ceara  3;  Piauhy  6;  Maran- 
hao  7. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  321 

Euscarthmus  wuchereri  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  158, 
1873 — Bahia  (type  examined). 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  80,  1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Bahia. 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  wuchereri  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ. 
Orn.,  53,  p.  n,  1905 — Bahia  (crit.);  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  157,  1925  (range). 

Euscarthmus  margaritaceiventer  wucheri  (sic)  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  72,  1910 — Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife  (Pernambuco),  Pao 
de  Canoa,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia),  Parnagua  and  below  Nova  York,  Rio  Parna- 
hyba  (Piauhy). 

Euscarthmus  impiger  cearae  CORY,  Auk,  37,  p.  109,  1920 — Jua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceard. 

Range:  Northeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Pernambuco, 
Ceard,  Piauhy,  and  Maranhao. 

16:  Brazil,  Ceard  (Ju&,  near  Iguatu  3);  Piauhy  (Ibiapaba  2,  De- 
serto  i,  Ardra  3);  Maranhao  (Grajahu  2,  Barra  do  Corda  3,  Alto 
Parnahyba  2). 

*Euscarthmornis  impiger  (Sdater  and  Salviri)*.   ACTIVE  TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  impiger  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  171,  pi.  13, 
fig.  i — Caracas;  idem,  I.e.,  1869,  p.  252,  253 — Guacara,  Lake  of  Valencia; 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  299,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  84,  1888 — Caracas,  Bogota;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p. 
150,  1900 — Bonda,  Cacagualito;  idem,  I.e.,  21,  p.  286,  1905 — Bonda  (nest 
and  eggs  descr.);  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  246,  1909 
— Margarita  Island. 

Euscarthmus  impiger  impiger  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p. 
385,  1922 — Bonda,  La  Tigrera,  Mamatoco,  Santa  Marta,  Rio  Hacha,  and 
Fonseca. 

Range:  Tropical  littoral  of  northern  Venezuela  (from  the  Paria 
peninsula  and  Margarita  Island  west  to  Puerto  Cabello  and  Lake  of 
Valencia)  and  northern  Colombia  (La  Goajira;  Santa  Marta  region; 
Bucaramanga;  "Bogota") b. 

•  Probably  conspecific  with  E.  margaritaceiventer  which  it  resembles  in  color 
pattern,  reddish  legs  and  bill. 

bTwo  adults  from  the  type  locality  (Macuto,  near  Caracas)  are  more  deeply 
colored  above  than  any  other  example  we  have  seen,  but  this  is  not  likely  to  be  of 
importance  since  specimens  from  Margarita  Isl.  and  Lake  of  Valencia  fully  agree 
with  a  series  from  Santa  Marta  and  "Bogota." 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Margarita  Isl.  4;  Cariaco,  Gulf  of  Paria, 
Bermudez  (Jan.  31,  1896,  R.  de  Dalmas,  Tring  Museum)  i;  Macuto,  Caracas  2; 
Maracay,  Aragua  2 ;  Puerto  Cabello,  Carabobo  2.  Colombia:  Bonda  2,  Mamatoco  3, 
Rio  Hacha,  La  Goajira  2;  Bucaramanga  i;  "Bogota"  8. 


322  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

9:  Venezuela  (Margarita  Isl.  4;  Macuto,  Caracas  2;  Maracay, 
Aragua  2;  Puerto  Cabello,  Carabobo  i). 

Euscarthmornis    septentrionalis     (Chapman)*.      MAGDALENA    TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  septentrionalis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.'Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  176, 
1914 — Honda,  Magdalena  Valley,  Colombia  (type)  and  Anzoategui,  Lara, 
Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  440,  1917 — Honda. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Honda  and  Maraquita,  Mag- 
dalena Valley,  State  of  Tolima)  and  western  Venezuela  (Anzoategui, 
State  of  Lara). 

Euscarthmornis  inornatus  (Pelzeln)b.   PELZELN'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  inornatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  174,  1868 — Rio  Icanna, 
northwestern  Brazil  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  84,  1888 — Rio  Negro  district. 

Range :  Northwestern  Brazil  (Rio  Icanna,  a  tributary  of  the  upper 
Rio  Negro). 

Genus  MICROCOCHLEARIUS  Chubb«. 

Microcochlearius  CHUBB,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn.  Cl.,  39,  p.  98,  1919 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Euscarthmus  josephinae  CHUBB. 

Microcochlearius  josephinae  (Chubby.   JOSEPHINE'S  TODY-TYRANT. 

a  Euscarthmornis  septentrionalis  (CHAPMAN)  :  Very  similar  to  E.  impiger,  but 
back  grayish  olive,  passing  into  light  grayish  olive  on  crown;  bill  slightly  slenderer 
and  darker,  blackish  rather  than  reddish  brown.  Wing  (three  adults)  51-53;  tail 
41-44;  bill  12-13. 

I  am  very  doubtful  if  this  is  anything  more  than  an  individual  variant  of  E. 
impiger.  Certain  specimens  from  Santa  Marta  approach  it  very  closely  in  colora- 
tion, and  an  adult  male  from  Bonda  (Carnegie  Museum,  No.  8942)  resembles  it  also 
in  blackish  brown  maxilla.  The  fact  that  Bogota  specimens  prove  to  be  identical 
with  topotypes  of  E.  impiger  from  Caracas,  and  the  reappearance,  at  Anzoategui  in 
Venezuela,  of  the  gray-backed  form  cast  considerable  doubt  on  the  specific  signi- 
ficance of  the  characters  of  E.  septentrionalis. 

Material  examined. — Colombia,  Tolima:  Honda  2,  Maraquita  i.  Venezuela: 
Anzoategui,  Lara  i. 

b  Euscarthmornis  inornatus  (PELZELN)  :  Nearly  allied  to  E.  impiger,  but  much 
smaller;  bill  differently  shaped,  more  like  E.  striaticollis,  with  blackish  maxilla; 
upper  parts  even  more  grayish  than  in  E.  septentrionalis,  crown  with  large  dusky  cen- 
tral spots;  wings  blacker,  the  two  cross-bands  narrower  and  nearly  pure  white;  chest 
and  abdomen  faintly  flammulated  with  pale  yellowish.  Wing  (one  adult  male,  the 
type)  45;  tail  34;  bill  10. 

0  Genus  Microcochlearius  CHUBB. 

Very  closely  allied  to  Euscarthmornis,  but  bill  much  wider,  about  two-thirds  the 
length  of  the  exposed  culmen,  and  tail  more  strongly  rounded,  the  outermost  rectrix 
being  five  millimeters  shorter  than  the  median  (longest)  tail  feather.  In  other 
structural  characters  it  agrees  with  the  members  of  the  E.  striaticollis  group. 

d  Microcochlearius  josephinae  (CHUBB):  Nearest  to,  and  agreeing,  with  Eus- 
carthmornis striaticollis  zosterops  (PELZELN)  in  general  coloration,  particularly  in  pale 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  323 

Euscarthmus  josephinae  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  33,  p.  132,  1914 — Supenaam,  west 
bank  of  Essequibo  River,  British  Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Microcochlearius  josephinae  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  160,  pi.  4,  fig.  2, 
192 1 — Supenaam. 

Range:    British  Guiana  (Supenaam,  Essequibo  River). 

Genus  SNETHLAGEA  Berlepsch». 

SneMagea  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  57,  p.  104,  1909 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Eus- 
carthmus zosterops  minor  SNETHLAGE. 

Snethlagea  minor  (Snetklage) b.   LESSER  TODY-TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  zosterops  minor  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  15,  p.  193,  1907 — 
part,  type  from  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins  examined  in  Museu  Goeldi, 
Para;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  525,  1908 — part,  male  only,  Arumatheua. 

Euscarthmus  zosterops  (not  of  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — 
part,  Borba  (spec,  taken  Febr.  12,  1830,  now  in  British  Museum  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  79,  1888 — Borba;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
J4i  P-  355.  *9°7 — part,  adult  males  from  Borba  in  Brit.  Museum  and  No.  1459 
in  Tring  Museum;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  501,  1908 — Villa  Braga, 
Rio  Tapaj6z  (spec,  examined). 

Snethlagea  minor  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool,  17,  p.  291,  1910 — part,  spec,  from 
Calama,  Maroins,  Borba  (No.  1459),  and  Arumatheua  (No.  5401)  (crit.); 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  401,  1914 — part,  Rio  Tocantins  and  Rio 
Tapaj6z. 

Range :  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocantins 
to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Calama),  south  to  the  Machados  (Maroins). 

yellow  abdomen,  grayish  forehead,  grayish  brown  auriculars  etc. ;  but  without  trace 
of  the  pale  yellow  wing  bands  and  edges  to  inner  secondaries;  whitish  supraloral 
streak  much  less  distinct;  throat  much  more  heavily  streaked  with  darker  gray; 
foreneck  and  chest  mainly  dull  greenish  (instead  of  pale  primrose  yellow,  obsoletely 
flammulated  with  grayish) ;  under  tail-coverts  decidedly  buffy  (though  by  no  means 
cinnamomeous,  as  shown  on  the  plate);  lower  mandible  entirely  pale  (yellowish). 
Wing  53K;  tail  46;  bill  13,  width  at  base  7^- 

While  quite  distinct  specifically,  I  am  a  little  doubtful  about  the  propriety  of 
separating  this  bird  genetically  from  Euscarthmornis. 

Material  examined. — Supenaam,  British  Guiana  (the  type)  i. 

•  Genus  Snethlagea  BERLEPSCH. 

Superficially  resembling  Euscarthmornis,  but  immediately  distinguished  by  the 
peculiar  shape  of  the  nostrils  which  are  very  large,  nearly  circular,  and  quite  exposed. 
Besides,  the  bill  is  shorter,  relatively  wider  at  the  base  and  more  abruptly  attenuated 
terminally;  the  tail  strongly  rounded;  the  feathers  of  the  pileum  more  lengthened,  so 
as  to  form  sort  of  a  crest,  recalling  Lophotriccus. 

b  Snethlagea  minor  (SNETHLAGE)  :  In  coloration  strikingly  similar  to  Euscarth- 
mornis zosterops,  but  without  any  gray  on  the  forehead,  and  yellowish  edges  to  larger 
upper  wing-coverts  much  less  conspicuous.  Wing  47-52;  tail  38-43;  bill  10-11. 

Material  examined. — Rio  Tpcantins,  Arumatheua  (the  type)  i,  Cameta  i; 
Rio  Tapaj6z,  Villa  Braga  i,  Itaituba  2,  Apacy  2,  Boim  i;  Rio  Madeira,  Borba  2, 
Calama  2,  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  i. 


324  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Snethlagea  minima  minima  Todd*.   DWARF  TODY-TYRANT. 

Snethlagea  minima  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  94,  1925 — Itaituba,  Rio 
Tapaj6z  (type  examined). 

Euscarthmus  zoster  ops  minor  (not  of  SNETHLAGE)  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber., 
!5i  P-  *93»  I9°7 — part,  female  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p. 
525,  1908 — part,  female,  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins. 

Euscarthmus  zosterops  (not  of  PELZELN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — 
part,  Borba  (spec,  taken  on  June  23,  1830,  examined  in  Vienna  Museum); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  355,  1907 — part,  No.  17740,  Vienna  Museum, 
and  No.  1334,  Tring  Museum,  Borba). 

Snethlagea  minor  (not  of  SNETHLAGE)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  291,  1910 — 
part,  spec.  No.  761,  Allianca;  No.  1334  and  17740,  Borba;  No.  5400,  Aruma- 
theua; SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.,  Goeldi,  8,  p.  401,  1914 — part,  Rio  Tocantins 
and  Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocantins 
to  the  Rio  Madeira  (Borba,  Allianca). 

Snethlagea  minima  pallens  Toddb.   PALE  TODY-TYRANT. 

Snethlagea  minima  pallens  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  94,  1925 — Nova 
Olinda,  Rio  Purus  (type  examined). 

Range:  Western  Brazil,  from  the  Punis  north  to  Manacapuru,  Rio 
Solimoes. 

•  Snethlagea  minima  minima  TODD  :  Similar  to  S.  minor,  but  considerably  smaller, 
tail  much  shorter;  median  and  greater  wing-coverts  more  conspicuously  tipped  with 
yellow,  forming  two  prominent  bands;  under  parts  much  brighter  yellow,  varying 
from  naphthalene  to  barium  yellow  (instead  of  sulphur  yellow,  washed  with  oliva- 
ceous, and  medially  suffused  with  white);  back  brighter  olive  green.  Wing  43-45; 
tail  31-35;  bill  lo-n. 

The  female  from  Arumatheua  (wing  43;  tail  32),  referred  by  Miss  Snethlage  in 
the  original  description  to  E.  zosterops  minor,  one  of  Natterer's  specimens  from 
Borba,  another  unsexed  example  from  the  same  place  and  an  adult  from  Allianca 
secured  by  W.  Hoffmanns  belong  likewise  to  this  species.  I  had  regarded  them  as 
the  immature  stage  of  5.  minor,  but  I  now  fully  agree  with  Mr.  Todd  that,  in  spite 
of  its  close  resemblance,  it  is  specifically  different  from  5.  minor,  the  range  of  the  two 
species  occupying  practically  the  same  area. 

Material  examined. — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins  i;  Rio  Tapaj6z,  Itaituba  3, 
Villa  Braga  2;  Rio  Madeira,  Borba  2,  Allianca  i. 

b  Snethlagea  minima  pallens  TODD:  Agreeing  in  proportions  and  wing  markings 
with  5.  m.  minima,  but  under  parts  much  paler,  more  whitish,  and  wing-bands 
even  broader  and  more  prominent.  Wing  43-45;  tail  30-33;  bill  10-11. 

The  type  and  a  second  specimen  from  the  Purus  (Hyutanahan),  in  coloration  of 
lower  surface,  agree  with  S.  minor  while  the  back  is  of  the  same  bright  olive  green  as 
in  S.  m.  minima.  Two  birds  from  Manacapuru  are  whiter  beneath,  only  the  flanks 
and  under  tail-coverts  being  washed  with  pale  yellow,  and  differ,  furthermore,  by 
duller  greenish  back  and  by  having  the  crown  decidedly  dusky  (instead  of  green 
like  the  back). 

Material  examined. — Rio  Purus,  Nova  Olinda  (the  type)  i,  Hyutanahan  i; 
Manacapuru,  Rio  Solimoes  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  325 

Genus  POECILOTRICCUS  Berlepsch-. 

Poecilotriccus  BERLEPSCH,  Jotirn.  Orn.,  32,  p.  298,  1884 — type  by  monotypy 
Todirostrum  lenzi  BERLEPSCH  =  Todirhamphus  ruficeps  KAUP. 

^Poecilotriccus   ruficeps   melanomystax  subsp.   nov.b      BLACK-WHIS- 
KERED TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  ruficeps  (not  Todirhamphus  ruficeps  KAUP)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
23,  p.  148,  1855 — Bogotd;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  207,  1862 — Bogota 
(spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  512 — Fron- 
tino,  Antioquia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  75,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a-c,  h,  i,  Bogotd,  Frontino,  and  Medellin. 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  ruficeps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p. 
439,  1917 — Salento,  Santa  Elena,  Rio  Toche",  El  Eden,  Central  Andes  of 
Colombia;  idem,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  5,  1924 — same  localities,  above 
Ibague  and  Bogota. 

Range :    Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Central  Andes  of  Colombia, 
i :    Colombia  (Quindio  Andes,  above  Salento,  Cauca  i). 

*Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  ruficeps  (Kaup}°.    RUFOUS-CROWNED  TODY- 
TYRANT. 

•  The  genus  Poecilotriccus  BERLEPSCH  is  easily  separable  from  Todirostrum  on 
account  of  its  bushy  crest,  much  smaller,  narrower,  more  tapering  bill,  and  much 
shorter  outer  primaries,  as  pointed  out  by  R.  Ridgway  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  362,  1907). 

b  Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  melanomystax  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  above  Salento,  alt.  9000  ft.,  West  Quindio  Andes,  Colombia,  in  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  No.  50779.  Adult  female.  November  4,  1911.  A.  A. 
Allen  and  L.  E.  Miller. 

Adult  (sexes  alike). — Nearly  allied  to  P.  r.  ruficeps,  from  the  Eastern  Andes  of 
Colombia  and  Ecuador,  but  with  a  distinct  black  spot  in  front  of  the  eye,  sur- 
mounted by  a  conspicuous  buffy  white  supraloral  streak;  rufous  pileum  bordered 
laterally  by  a  continuous  black  superciliary  stripe,  widening  posteriorly  and  con- 
fluent with  gray  nuchal  collar;  forehead  with  a  black  spot  in  the  middle;  auriculars 
much  paler,  light  buff  instead  of  tawny;  malar  region  extensively  black,  forming  a 
large  patch;  throat  and  foreneck  creamy  white,  without  any  tawny;  abdomen 
decidedly  paler,  lemon  yellow  rather  than  lemon  chrome.  Wing  45-47;  tail  36-38; 
bill  11-12. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  "Bogota"  3,  above  Salento  i,  El  Eden  i, 
Santa  Elena  i,  Frontino  i,  Medellin  i,  Jerico  i. 

°The  type  of  T.  ruficeps  KAUP  in  the  Liverpool  Museum,  labelled  "No.  1888. 
De  Lattre,  per  Leadbeater,  Dec.  1846,"  proves  to  be  identical  with  the  type  of  T. 
lenzi  and  other  examples  from  the  East  Colombian  Andes.  T.  multicolor,  based  on  a 
single  Bogota  skin  in  the  Strickland  Collection,  now  in  the  University  Museum  at 
Cambridge  (Eng.)  is  likewise  referable  to  this  form,  as  I  am  informed  by  Dr.  Hans 
Gadow  who  very  kindly  compared  it  with  specimens  from  the  Central  and  East 
Colombian  Andes  forwarded  to  him  for  that  purpose.  Accordingly,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  transfer  the  name  ruficeps  to  the  eastern  form,  which  is  characterized 
by  lacking  the  black  superciliaries  and  malar  patch,  and  by  having  the  sides  of  the 
head  as  well  as  the  median  portion  of  the  throat  bright  tawny,  while  the  posterior 
under  parts  are  of  a  richer,  deeper  yellow.  Certain  specimens  have  a  few  blackish 


326  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Todirhamphus  ruficeps  KAUP,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  19,  "1851"  p.  52,  Oct.  1852 — 
"Mexico?"  (the  type  examined  in  Liverpool  Museum  looks  like  a  Bogotd  skin). 

Todirostrum  multicolor  STRICKLAND,  Contrib.  Ornith.,  1852,  p.  42,  pi.  85,  fig.  2 — 
Bogotd. 

Todirostrum  lenzi  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  249,  1884 — Bucaramanga 
(type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  76,  1888  (ex  BERLEPSCH). 

Todirostrum  ruficeps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  67,  1855 — Bogota  (crit.); 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  75,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-g,  Bogota. 

Poecilotriccus  lenzi  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  298,  pi.  i,  fig.  i,  2,  1884 — 
Bucaramanga. 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p. 
89 — Banos,  Ecuador. 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  rufigene  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p. 
439,  1917 — part,  La  Palma,  upper  Magdalena  Valley. 

Todirostrum  rufigene  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p. 
702 — Baeza. 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  lenzi  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  1 18,  p.  5, 1924 — Bogotd, 
La  Palma  (Colombia),  Baeza  and  below  Oyacachi,  Ecuador. 

Range :  Eastern  Andes  of  Ecuador  (Baeza,  below  Oyacachi,  Banos) 
and  Colombia  (La  Palma,  upper  Magdalena  Valley;  Bogota;  Bucara- 
manga, Santander)  to  the  Venezuelan  border  line  (Paramo  de  Tama). 

3:  Colombia  (Bogota  i;  Paramo  de  Tama  i);  Venezuela  (Paramo 
de  Tama  i). 

Poecilotriccus    ruficeps    rufigenis    (Sclater    and    Salviri)*.     RUFOUS- 
CHEEKED  TODY-TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  rufigene  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  522 — Monji, 
Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  76,  1888 — Pallatanga,  Cayan- 
deled,  Monji,  Intac. 

Todirostrum  ruficeps  (not  of  KAUP)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — 
Pallatanga. 

Poecilotriccus  rufigenis  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p. 
295 — Cayandeled. 

spots  in  the  malar  region  and  a  suggestion  of  a  dusky  postocular  stripe,  but  these 
markings  are  far  less  pronounced  than  in  P.  r.  melanomystax.  Specimens  from 
eastern  Ecuador  do  not  appreciably  differ  from  those  of  Colombia. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bucaramanga  (type  of  T.  lenzi}  i,  Bogota  5, 
unspecified  (type  of  T.  ruficeps)  i,  Paramo  de  Tama  2.  Ecuador:  Banos  i,  below 
Oyacachi  i,  Baeza  3. 

•  Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  rufigenis  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  Very  nearly  related  to 
P.  r.  ruficeps,  but  pileum  darker  rufous,  Sanford's  brown  rather  than  cinnamon 
rufous,  and  tawny  area  on  throat  more  extensive;  size  smaller  (wing  42-43,  against 
45-47)- 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Cayandeled  2,  Pallatanga  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  327 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  rufigene  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  439, 
1917 — part,  Cerro  Munchique,  west  of  Popayan,  Colombia;  idem,  Amer. 
Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  5,  1924 — Pallatanga  and  Cerro  Munchique. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (Pallatanga,  Cayandeled)  and  Western 
Andes  of  Colombia  (Cerro  Munchique,  west  of  Popayan). 

Poecilotriccus    ruficeps    peruvianus    Chapman*.     PERUVIAN    TODY- 
TYRANT. 

Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  peruvianus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  5,  1924 — 
Chaupe,  northeast  of  Huancabamba,  Dept.  Piura,  Peru. 

.Range:  Northwestern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Piura  (Chaupe,  northeast  of 
Huancabamba). 

Genus  TAENIOTRICCUS  Berlepsch  and  Hartert". 

Taeniotriccus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  38,  1902 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Taeniotriccus  andrei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT. 

Taeniotriccus    andrei    Berlepsch    and    Hartert0.     ANDRE'S    CRESTED 
TYRANT. 

Taeniotriccus  andrei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  38,  1902 — La 
Pricion,  Caura  River,  Venezuela  (type  examined) ;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  223,  1916 — La  Pricion. 

a  Poecilotriccus  ruficeps  peruvianus  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  P.  r.  melanomystax,  of 
the  Central  Andes  of  Colombia,  but  supraloral  streak  but  little  paler  than  crown 
instead  of  white;  forehead  with  less  black;  auricular  region  deeper,  more  nearly  like 
the  crown;  lateral  black  border  to  posterior  half  of  the  crown  much  narrower." 
(Chapman,  I.e.). 

We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  obviously  well-characterized  race. 

b  Genus  Taeniotriccus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT. 

Nearest  to  Poecilotriccus  BERLEPSCH,  but  maxilla  much  more  swollen,  tumid 
and  strongly  curved  on  apical  portion;  rictal  bristles  much  more  numerous,  less 
rigid  and  longer,  reaching  to  about  the  middle  of  the  bill ;  tarsi  much  shorter ;  acrotar- 
sium  divided  into  several  distinct  scutes;  pileum  with  a  long  crest  of  broadly  rounded 
feathers. 

0  Taeniotriccus  andrei  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Pileum  Kaiser  brown,  with  the 
median  crest  dull  black ;  back  dark  medal  bronze,  intermixed  with  a  number  of  newly 
growing  black  feathers  in  scapular  region  and  on  sides  of  rump;  upper  wing-coverts 
and  remiges  brownish  black,  along  the  outer  web  edged  with  the  color  of  the  back ; 
base  of  outer  webs  of  remiges  creamy  yellow,  forming  a  well-defined  oblique  bar 
across  the  wing;  innermost  secondaries  (tertials)  also  creamy  yellow  on  the  outer 
webs;  rectrices  blackish  brown,  narrowly  edged  with  dull  olive  brown;  sides  of  the 
head  tawny  (paler  than  the  crown),  orbital  ring  and  tips  of  loral  feathers  black; 
throat  still  paler  (between  ochraceous  buff  and  ochraceous  tawny);  breast  lighter 
medal  bronze  than  the  back,  with  a  number  of  coal  black  feathers  interspersed; 
abdomen  very  pale  yellowish,  washed  with  olivaceous  on  sides;  under  wing-coverts 
and  inner  margin  of  remiges  pale  yellow.  Bill  black.  Wing  (one  immature  male)  56; 
tail  43 ;  tars.  15 ;  bill  1 1  #. 

The  type  is  an  immature  bird  in  change  of  plumage.  The  adult  male  is  likely 
to  have  the  back  and  breast  black,  as  is  indicated  by  a  number  of  newly  growing 
feathers. 


328  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Range:    Venezuela  (La  Pricion,  in  the  valley  of  the  Caura  River). 

Taeniotriccus  klagesi  Todd*.   KLAGES'S  CRESTED  TYRANT. 

Taeniotriccus  klagesi  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  94,  1925 — Itaituba,  Rio 
Tapaj6z,  Brazil  (type  examined). 

Range:     Northern  Brazil  (Itaituba,  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Tapaj6z) 

Genus  IDIOPTILON  Berlepsch«>. 

Idioptilon  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  356,  1907 — type  by  monotypy  Idioptilon 
rothschildi  BERLEPSCH. 

Idioptilon  rothschildi  Berlepschc.  ROTHSCHILD'S  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Idioptilon  rothschildi  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  356,  1907 — Ipousin,  Rio  Approu- 
ague,  French  Guiana  (type  in  Tring  Museum  examined);  idem,  Nov.  Zool., 
JS>  P-  I32»  !9o8 — Ipousin. 

Range:    French  Guiana. 

Genus  LOPHOTRICCUS  Berlepsch. 

Orchilus  (not  of  MORRIS  1837)  CABANIS  in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  24,  164, 
1845 — 'type  by  subs,  desig.  (GRAY,  1855)  Euscarthmus  pileatus  TSCHUDI. 

Lophotriccus  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  533 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(SHARPE,  Zool.  Record  for  1883,  Aves,  p.  34,  1884)  Todirostrum  squamaecrista 

LAFRESNAYEd. 

•  Taeniotriccus  klagesi  TODD:  Similar  to  T.  andrei  on  the  upper  parts  (save  for 
the  absence  of  black  feathers),  but  breast  olive  gray,  passing  into  whitish  on  the 
abdomen.  Wing  (adult  female)  57;  tail  43;  bill  \\%. 

I  have  hardly  any  doubt  that  this  will  prove  to  be  the  female  of  the  preceding 
species.  In  Todirostrum  capitale  SCLATER  the  sexes  differ  about  the  same  way  in  the 
coloration  of  the  back  and  breast,  as  do  the  two  only  known  specimens  of  the  present 
genus. 

b  Genus  Idioptilon  BERLEPSCH. 

Nearly  allied  to  Lophotriccus,  but  without  a  distinct  crest;  bill  slenderer  and  more 
elongated;  tail  nearly  even  instead  of  strongly  rounded;  wing  quite  differently  shaped, 
with  the  fourteenth,  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  quill  (counting  from  without)  equal  to 
the  longest  (third,  fourth  and  fifth)  primaries,  and  the  ninth,  tenth  and  eleventh 
quill  much  abbreviated. 

c  Idioptilon  rothschildi  BERLEPSCH,  in  coloration,  bears  a  remarkable  likeness  to 
Lophotriccus  vitiosus  which  it  notably  resembles  in  the  double-banded  wing ;  it  may, 
however,  readily  be  distinguished  by  the  much  shorter  feathers  of  the  pileum  being 
green,  centered  with  dusky  (instead  of  black,  edged  with  slate  gray).  Besides,  the 
chest  is  rather  more  strongly  tinged  with  olivaceous,  the  belly  brighter  as  well  as 
more  uniform  yellow,  and  the  back  of  a  fresher  green,  while  the  tail  is  much  longer. 
Wing  (one  adult,  the  type)  5 1 ;  tail  45 ;  bill  1 1  #. 

In  addition  to  the  type  I  have  seen  several  other  specimens  of  this  curious  bird 
in  the  collection  of  the  Carnegie  Museum,  Pittsburgh. 

d  See  Bangs  and  Penard,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  78,  1921. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  329 

Cometornis  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64,  p.  373,  1921 — type 
by  orig.  desig.  Todirostrum  squamaecrista  LAFRESNAYE. 

*Lophotriccus   pileatus   luteiventris    Taczanowski.     ZELEDON'S    HEL- 
METED  TYRANT. 

[Lophotriccus  squamicristatus]  subsp.  luteiventris  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  231, 
in  text,  1884 — Chiriqui  (type  in  Coll.  Berlepsch  examined). 

Lophotriccus  squamicristatus  minor  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  337, 
Sept.  1891 — Grecia,  Costa  Rica;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  371,  1907 — Costa  Rica  and  Panama;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  730,  1910 — Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Publ.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo. 

Lophotriccus  zeledoni  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  337,  Sept.  1891 — 
Dota,  Costa  Rica  (  =  adult  female). 

Lophotriccus  squamicristatus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  87,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-i,  Costa  Rica,  Chitra  and  Calovevora  (Veragua), 
Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  16,  1888 — 
part,  Costa  Rica,  Chiriqui,  Veragua. 

Lopholriccus  minor  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  35,  1902 — Boquete, 
Chiriqui. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecrista  luteiventris  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  14,  p. 
283,  1920  (crit.). 

Cometornis  squamaecrista  minor  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
64»  p.  374,  1921 — Costa  Rica. 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui  and  Veragua)*. 

5:    Costa  Rica  (San  Marcos  i,  Guayabo  i,  Juan  Vinas  2,  unspeci- 
fied i). 

*Lophotriccus   pileatus    squamaecrista    (Lafresnaye).     LAFRESNAYE'S 
HELMETED  TYRANT. 

F  [lege  T]  [odirostrum]  squamaecrista  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  363,  1846 — • 
Bogota. 

Todirostrum  squamicristatum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  148,  1855 — Bogota; 
idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  84,  1857 — Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — Pallatanga; 
idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  283,  1860 — Babahoyo;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  295,  1860 — Esmeraldas. 

(?)  Euscarthmus  squamicristatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p. 
628 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Venezuela;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — San 
Nicolas,  Santo  Domingo,  and  Guanacillo,  Ecuador. 

Orchilus  pileatus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  332 — 
Palmal,  Prov.  Guayas,  Ecuador. 

a  Nine  specimens  from  Costa  Rica  compared  with  two,  including  the  type,  from 
Chiriqui. 


330  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Lophotriccus  squamicristatus  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883, 
P-  553 — Chimbo  (descr.  juv.) ;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  296 — Pedregal  and  Surupata; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  87,  1888 — part,  (?)  Cumbre  de  Valencia, 
Bogotd,  Intac,  Balzar,  Nanegal,  Babahoyo,  Pallatanga;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
5,  p.  486,  1898 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Pambilar;  SALVADORI 
and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  6,  1899 — Vinces,  Balzar, 
and  Rio  Peripa. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecristatus  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid. 
Equat.,  9,  p.  652,  1911 — Mindo  and  Gualea. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecristatus  squamaecristatus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  442,  1917 — La  Frijolera,  Salencio,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio, 
Miraflores,  La  Candela,  near  San  Agustin,  Fusugasugd,  and  Buena  Vista, 
Colombia. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecristatus  minor  (not  of  CHERRIE)  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  p.  443,  1917 
— Ricaurte  and  Barbacoas,  southwestern  Colombia. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecrista  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p. 
72,  1922 — Ecuador,  below  4500  feet. 

Cometornis  squamaecrista  squamaecrista  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  64,  p.  373,  1921 — Bogota. 

Range :  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  region)  and  western  Ecuador*;  (?)  Venezuela  (Cumbre  de  Valen- 
cia, Carabobo). 

7:  Colombia  (Las  Lomitas,  Cauca  i,  near  San  Agustin,  Huila  i, 
Bogota  2);  Ecuador  (Chimbo  3). 

^Lophotriccus  pileatus  pileatus  (Tschudi}*.  HELMETED  TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  pileatus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  Heft  3,  p.  273,  May  1844 — 
Peru,  we  suggest  Valley  of  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin". 

Orchilus  pileatus  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  164,  pi.  9,  fig.  i,  1846 — wooded 
region  of  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  535 — Ropaybamba; 
idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  18 — Huambo. 

Todirostrum  squamicristatum  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p. 
70,  1858 — Rio  Napo. 

•  Birds  from  western  Ecuador  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  those  of  Colombia. 
Some  individuals  from  the  Western  Andes  of  Colombia  closely  approach  L.  p. 
luteiventris  in  small  size  as  well  as  in  coloration  of  under  parts. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  10,  Las  Lomitas  3,  San  Antonio  i,  near 
San  Agustin  i.  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  San  Javier  3,  Paramba  4;  Chimbo, 
Prov.  Guayas  4. 

b  Lophotriccus  p.  pileatus  seems  to  be  separable  from  L.  p.  squamaecrista  by  less 
conspicuous,  more  greenish  edges  to  the  upper  wing-coverts,  broader  as  well  as  darker 
streaking  on  throat  and  chest,  and  decidedly  paler  yellowish  flanks. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc  i,  Chinchao  4,  Huachipa  i, 
Huambo  i.  Ecuador:  Rio  Napo  i,  Machay  2. 

•Tschudi's  type  should  be  reexamined.  It  was  obviously  a  bird  in  juvenile 
plumage  like  one  from  Chinchao  in  the  collection  of  Field  Museum. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  331 

Lophotriccus  squamicristatus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  230,  1884 — Ropay- 
bamba  and  Huambo;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1885,  p.  89 — 
Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  I.e.,  1896,  p. 
361— Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc,  Peru. 

Cometornis  squamaecrista  pUeatus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
64»  P-  373,  1921 — Peru. 

Range:  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Junin 
northward)  and  eastern  Ecuador. 

5:     Peru,  Dept.  Hudnuco  (Chinchao  4,  Huachipa  i). 

Lophotriccus  pileatus  hypochlorus   Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann*.    URU- 
BAMBA  HELMETED  TYRANT. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecristatus  hypochlorus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13, 
p.  85,  Sept.  1906 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Prov.  Convencion,  Dept.  Cuzco 
(two  cotypes  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  p.  112, -1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  91,  1921 — Idma  and  Rio  San  Miguel, 
Urubamba  region. 

Lophotriccus  squamaecristatus  pileatus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  371,  1907 — Inca  Mine  [  =  Santo  Domingo],  Peru 
(crit.). 

Cometornis  squamaecrista  hypochlorus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  64,  p.  374,  1921 — Santa  Ana,  Peru. 

Range:  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  southeastern  Peru,  in 
depts.  Cuzco  (Urubamba  and  Marcapata  valleys)  and  Puno  (San 
Gaban,  Carabaya). 

Lophotriccus  congener  Toddb.  ALLIED  HELMETED  TYRANT. 

Lophotriccus  congener  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  92, 1925 — Sao  Paulo  de 
Olivenga,  Rio  Solimoes,  Brazil  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined). 

Range:  Northwestern  Brazil,  State  of  Amazonas  (Sao  Paulo  de 
Olivenga,  Rio  Solimoes). 

•  Lophotriccus  pileatus  hypochlorus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN:  Differs  from 
L.  p.  pileatus  by  much  yellower  under  parts,  the  lateral  edges  to  the  feathers  of  the 
throat  being  olive  yellow  instead  of  whitish,  the  chest  tinged  with  greenish,  and  the 
abdomen  bright  yellow,  more  greenish  on  flanks. 

Material  examined. — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana  2,  Santo  Domingo  2,  San  Gaban  2. 

b  Lophotriccus  congener  TODD:  Closely  allied  to,  and  perhaps  conspecific,  with 
L.  pileatus,  but  edges  to  crest  feathers  decidedly  yellow,  between  mustard  and  naples 
yellow  (instead  of  tawny  or  ochraceous  tawny),  passing  into  yellowish  citrine  on 
anterior  crown  and  forehead;  cheeks  and  auriculars  light  olive  greenish  (grayish, 
shading  into  light  tawny  olive  on  auriculars  in  L.  pileatus) ;  orbital  ring  much  paler, 
chamois  rather  than  cinnamon;  throat  slightly  tinged  with  yellowish  and  streaking 
beneath  somewhat  narrower;  crest  of  male  on  average  longer.  Wing  (three  males) 
51-52,  (one  female)  46;  tail  38-42,  (female)  33;  bill  9-10. 

Material  examined. — Sao  Paulo  de  Olivenca  4. 


332  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

^Lophotriccus  vitiosus  vitiosus  (Bangs  and  Penard}*.  DOUBLE-BANDED 
HELMETED  TYRANT. 

Cometornis  vitiosus  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64,  p.  373,  1921 
— Peru  (type  in  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  examined). 

Todirostrum  spiciferum  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  67, 
pi.  84,  fig.  2,  1855 — Chamicuros,  Peru. 

Euscarthmus  spicifer  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  187 — lower 
Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  751 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e., 
1873,  p.  278 — lower  Ucayali,  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  Chamicuros. 

Colopterus  galeatus  (not  Motacilla  galeata  BODDAERT)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  102,  1868 — part,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  ex- 
amined); TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  18 — Yurimaguas  (spec, 
examined). 

Lophotriccus  spicifer  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  229,  1884 — Yurimaguas 
(Peru)  and  Cayenne  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  87,  1888 — 
Chyavetas,  Ucayali,  Iquitos,  Chamicuros,  Peru  and  Sarayacu,  Ecuador; 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  301,  1889 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Nov.  Zool., 
J5»  P-  !32.  1908 — Ipousin  and  Saint  Laurent,  French  Guiana  (spec,  examined) ; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  403,  1914 — Rio  Jary  (Sao  Antonio 
da  Cachoeira),  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  442,  1917 — La  Morelia,  Rio  Caquetd,  Colombia. 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (Rio  Jary, 
Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda,  north  bank  of  lower  Amazon;  Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro) ;  southeastern  Colombia  (La  Murelia,  Rio  Caqueta) ;  eastern 
Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  and  eastern  Peru  (south  to  Puerto  Bermudez, 
Dept.  Junin)b. 

i :    Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez,  Rio  Pichis,  Dept.  Junin  i). 

Lophotriccus  vitiosus  eulophotes  Todd°.   TODD'S  HELMETED  TYRANT. 

*  Lophotriccus  vitiosus  vitiosus  (BANGS  and  PENARD),  in  coloration,  bears  a  strik- 
ing resemblance  to  Colopteryx  galeatus,  but  may  be  distinguished  by  the  conspicuous 
yellow  apical  margins  to  the  median  and  greater  wing-coverts  forming  two  clearly 
defined  cross  bands,  and  by  the  distinct  yellow  edges  to  the  innermost  secondaries 
(tertials).  Besides,  the  outer  primaries,  in  the  male  sex,  are  by  no  means  modified, 
while  the  edges  to  the  feathers  of  the  crown  are  of  a  purer  slate  gray. 

b  Birds  from  the  Guianas  and  north  of  the  Amazon  may  be  separable  subspeci- 
fically  on  account  of  their  smaller  size  and  more  yellowish  under  parts.  It  also  ap- 
pears that  the  males  never  acquire  such  a  long  full  crest  as  those  from  Peru  and 
Ecuador,  some  of  which  are  not  distinguishable,  on  this  score,  from  eulophotes. 
Certain  specimens  from  Peru  also  approach  it  in  size  and  coloration  of  under  parts. 
The  type,  though  slightly  faded,  is  certainly  the  same  as  our  specimen  from  Puerto 
Bermudez,  both  having  the  under  parts  but  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish.  Another 
male  from  Peru  (Yurimaguas)  and  one  from  Marabitanas,  however,  agree  in  dimen- 
sions, short  crest,  and  yellowish  lower  surface  with  Guianan  examples. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Ipousin,  Rio  Approuague  2,  Saint  Laurent 
i,  Tamanoir,  Mana  River  3,  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  near  Para- 
maribo i.  Brazil:  Marabitanas  i.  Ecuador:  Sarayacu  3.  Peru:  Yurimaguas  2, 
Rio  Tigre  2,  Chyavetas  i,  lower  Ucayali  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  i,  unspecified  i. 

8  Lophotriccus  vitiosus  eulophotes  TODD:  Differs  from  L.  v.  vitiosus  in  unb&nded 
wings  (the  coverts  as  well  as  the  remiges  being  edged  with  the  color  of  the  back), 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  333 

Lophotriccus  eulophotes  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  93,  1925 — Hyutana- 
han,  Rio  Punis,  Brazil  (type  examined). 

Range:    Western  Brazil  (upper  Rio  Punis). 

Genus  COLOPTERYX  Ridgway. 

Colopterus  (not  of  ERICHSON  1842)  CABANIS,  Ber.  and  Verh.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin 
1845,  p.  216 — type  Motacilla  cristata  GMELIN  =  Motacitta  galeata  BODDAERT. 

Colopteryx  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  519,  1888 — new  name  for 
Colopterus  CABANIS,  preoccupied. 

^Colopteryx  galeatus  (Boddaert).   HELMETED  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Motacilla  galeata  BODDAERT,  Tabl.  PI.  enl.,  p.  24,  1783 — based  on  Daubenton, 
PI.  enl.  391,  fig.  i,  Cayenne. 

Motacilla  cristata  GMELIN,  Syst.  Nat.,  i  (2),  p.  972,  1789 — based  on  Dauben- 
ton, PL  enl.  391,  fig.  i,  Cayenne. 

Todirostrum  spiciferum  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  363,  1846 — Brazil  (type 
now  in  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  Cambridge  examined) ;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  64,  p.  371,  1921  (crit.). 

Colopteryx  inornatus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  519,  Aug.  1888 — • 
Diamantina,  near  Santarem,  Brazil  (type  examined  ;  =  female). 

Lophotriccus  subcristatus  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  53,  1892 — • 
El  Pilar,  Bermudez,  Venezuela  (type  examined  ;=  female). 

Lophotriccus  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  39,  p.  90,  1919 — Ituribisci  River, 
British  Guiana  (type  now  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Colopterus  cristatus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  253,  pi.  5,  fig.  2,  3,  1847 — 
British  Guiana  (descr.) ;  idem  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  702, 
1848 — coast  of  British  Guiana. 

Colopterus  galeatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  577 — Capim 
River;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — part,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro 
[  =  Manaos]  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 — 
Para;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  293 — Camacusa,  Bartica  Grove  (spec,  examined); 

slightly  darker  olive  green  back,  and  white  under  parts,  with  only  a  pale  yellowish 
tinge  on  the  flanks.  Crest  of  males  long  as  in  the  type  and  other  Upper  Amazonian 
specimens  of  vitiosus,  but  orbital  ring  more  decidedly  buffy.  The  female  is  hardly 
distinguishable  from  that  of  Colopteryx  galeatus  and  renders  the  propriety  of  sepa- 
rating the  genus  Lophotriccus  rather  questionable. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:   Hyutanahan,  Rio  Punis  4. 

MEASUREMENTS  OF  ADULT  MALES 

WING  TAIL 

Two  from  Sarayacu,  Ecuador                                               51,51  39,40 

"Peru"  (type  of  L.  vitiosus)                                                  50^  40 

One  from  Rio  Tigre,  Peru                                                     5 1 K  38 

Two  from  Yurimaguas                                                           47,52  34,39 

One  from  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro                                      48^  37 

Four  from  French  Guiana                                                     47-48  33-39 

Three  from  the  Rio  Punis  (L.  eulophotes)                          49-5 \yi  40-42 


334  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  91,  1888 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa, 
Cayenne,  Para,  Capim;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Paris,  10,  p.  117, 
1904 — Saint  Jean  du  Maroni,  French  Guiana. 

Colopteryx  ornatus  (lapsu)  CHAPMAN  and  RIKER,  Auk,  7,  p.  270,  1890 — Diaman- 
tina,  near  Santarem. 

Colopteryx  galeatus  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  39,  1902 — Alta- 
gracia,  Maipures  and  Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco,  and  Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela 
(spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  13,  p.  360,  1906 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata, 
Para;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  132,  1908 — Cayenne  and  Roche-Marie,  French 
Guiana;  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  i,  p.  96,  1909 — Guanoco,  Orinoco  delta; 
HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  21,  89, 
1912 — Peixe-Boi  and  Ipitinga  (Para  localities;  crit.);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  205 — Jocopita,  Manimo  River,  and  Cariaquito,  Vene- 
zuela; SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  404,  1914 — Para,  Ananindeua, 
Santa  Isabel,  Peixe-Boi,  Quati-puru,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Guama,  Rio 
Tocantins  (Baiao),  Rio  Xingu  (Victoria),  Rio  Curua,  Rio  Tapajdz  (Santarem, 
Pimental),  Maraca,  Amapa,  Arumanduba,  Rio  Maecuru,  Obidos,  Rio  Ja- 
munda  (Faro);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  223,  1916 — 
Orinoco  River  from  Ciudad  Bolivar  to  beyond  the  falls  of  Maipures;  BANGS 
and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  76,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo, 
Surinam. 

Colopteryx  galeatus  macconnetti  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  163,  1921 — 
Ituribisci  River  and  Arwye  Creek,  British  Guiana. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (El  Pilar 
and  Cariaquito,  Bermudez ;  Orinoco  Valley  from  the  delta  up  to  beyond 
the  falls  of  Maipures,  and  Caura  Valley) ;  northern  Brazil  (north  of  the 
Amazon  west  to  Manaos,  south  of  the  river  from  northern  Maranhao 
west  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapaj6z) a. 

4:  Brazil  (Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  2;  Santarem  i);  British  Guiana 
(Rio  Carimang  i). 

•  I  cannot  make  out  any  geographic  variation.  Birds  from  British  Guiana,  in- 
cluding the  type  of  L.  macconnetti  are  absolutely  identical  with  a  series  from  Cayenne, 
being  neither  larger  nor  more  brightly  colored.  The  type  of  L.  subcristatus  is  an 
adult  female,  agreeing  with  others  from  Altagracia  (Orinoco).  Specimens  from  the 
lower  Amazon  (inornatus)  do  not  appear  to  be  separable  either,  though  in  the  few  I 
have  seen  the  streaking  on  throat  and  chest  is  perhaps  slightly  narrower.  Ridgway's 
type  is  a  female,  badly  damaged  by  the  shot,  causing  the  loss  of  most  of  the  crown 
feathers. 

Females  of  this  species  may  be  recognized  by  the  different  proportions  of  the 
three  outer  primaries,  shorter  wings  and  tail  as  well  as  by  much  shorter  crest 
feathers  with  the  black  mesial  streaks  much  narrower  and  the  wider  edges  decidedly 
olive  green  instead  of  grayish. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  4,  Roche-Marie  3.  Dutch 
Guiana:  near  Paramaribo  3.  British  Guiana:  Ituribisci  River  i,  Bartica  Grove  2, 
Camacusa  3,  Rio  Carimang  i.  Venezuela:  El  Pilar  i;  Rio  Orinoco,  Altagracia  3, 
Maipures  6,  Munduapo  i;  Caura,  Suapure  i,  Guayapo  i.  Brazil:  Para  i,  Sao 
Antonio  2,  Peixe-Boi  2,  Ipitinga  i,  Diamantina  i,  Santarem  i,  Manaos  i;  Sao  Luiz, 
Maranhao  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  335 

Genus  ATALOTRICCUS  Ridgway. 

Atalotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  208,  1905 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Colopterus  pilaris  CABANIS. 

Atalotriccus  pilaris  wilcoxi  Griscom*.  WILCOX'S  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Atalotriccus  pilaris  wilcoxi  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  141,  p.  5,  1924 — La 
Colorada,  Santiago,  Prov.  Veraguas. 

Todirostrum  megacephalum  (not  Todus  megacephalus  SWAINSON)  LAWRENCE,  Ann. 
Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  330,  1862 — Panama  Railroad. 

Colopterus  pilaris  (not  of  CABANIS)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  147 — Santa 
F6,  Veragua;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  90,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b, 
Santa  Fe";  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  18,  1888 — 
part,  Panama  and  Veragua;  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  361,  1901 — David,  Chiriqui. 

Colopteryx  pilaris  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  p.  217,  1906 — 
Savannah  of  Panama. 

Atalotriccus  pilaris  pilaris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  374, 
1907 — part,  Panama;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  264 — Pedro 
Miguel,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  316,  1924 — Farfan,  Panama. 

Range:    Panama,  from  the  Canal  Zone  west  to  Chiriqui. 

^Atalotriccus  pilaris  pilaris  (Cdbanis).   PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Colopterus  pilaris  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  253,  pi.  5,  fig.  4,  1847 — 
Carthagena,  Colombia;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  124 — Minca, 
Santa  Marta  district;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  90,  1888 — part, 
spec,  c-1,  Santa  Marta,  Bogotd;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136, 
1898 — Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  150,  1900 — 
Bonda,  Minca,  Cacagualito. 

Todirostrum  exile  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  83,  pi.  125,  fig.  3,  1857 — Nova 
Granada;  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  144 — Carthagena. 

Atalotriccus  pilaris  pilaris  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  374, 
1907 — part,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  444, 
1917 — La  Playa,  Honda,  Chicoral,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  381,  1922 — Bonda,  La  Tigrera,  Mamotoco,  Minca,  and 
Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range :  Northern  and  eastern  Colombia  (Carthagena ;  Santa  Marta 
region;  lower  Magdalena  Valley;  El  Guayabal,  State  of  Santander; 
Bogota)*. 

•  Atalotriccus  pilaris  wilcoxi  GRISCOM:  Exceedingly  close  to  A.  p.  pilaris,  but 
upper  parts  slightly  duller  green,  with  the  wing  markings  less  distinct;  flanks  and 
under  tail-coverts  rather  paler  yellow. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Railroad  line  5,  Chiriqui  i. 

b  Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  10,  Carthagena  i,  Aracataca  2,  El 
Guayabal  3. 


336  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

4:  Colombia  (Bogota  i;  El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  Cucuta, 
Santander  3). 

^Atalotriccus  pilaris  venezuelensis   Ridgway*.    VENEZUELAN   PYGMY 
TYRANT. 

Atalotriccus  pilaris  venezuelensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  115, 

1906 — San  Antonio,  Bermudez,  Venezuela;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 

Part  4,  p.  374,  1907 — part,  excl.  Orinoco  Valley. 
Colopterus  pilaris  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p. 

252 — north  shore  of  Lake  Valencia;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumana- 

coa  and  San  Antonio. 
Colopteryx  pilaris  venezuelensis  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 

Heft  5,  p.  75,  1912 — San  Esteban  (crit.). 

Range:  North  coast  of  Venezuela,  from  Bermudez  to  Carabobo 
(San  Esteban,  Lake  Valencia). 

4:    Venezuela  (Macuto,  Caracas  i,  Lake  Valencia  3). 

Atalotriccus   pilaris    griseiceps    (Hellmayr)b.     GRAY-HEADED    PYGMY 

TYRANT. 
Colopteryx  pilaris  griseiceps  HELLMAYR,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  3,  No.  22,  p.  24,  1911 

— Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela. 
Atalotriccus  griseiceps  whitelyanus  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  301, 

1919 — Quonga,  British  Guiana  (type  examined);  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana, 

2,  p.  162,  1921 — Quonga. 
Colopteryx  pilaris  (not  of  CABANIS)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p. 

39,    1902 — Maipures,   Ciudad  Bolivar,   Altagracia,   Caicara,   Quiribana  de 

Caicara,  Orinoco  (spec,  examined). 

»  Atalotriccus  pilaris  venezuelensis  RIDGWAY:  Barely  distinguishable  from  A.  p. 
pilaris  by  having  the  back  of  a  slightly  fresher  green,  and  the  flanks  on  average 
slightly  paler.  The  supposed  differences  in  size  and  color  of  crown  do  not  exist. 
This  form  hardly  deserves  recognition,  but  I  should  like  to  see  a  larger  series  before 
condemning  it. 

Seven  adult  males  measure  as  follows:  wing  42^-45  (in  pilaris  42-44^);  tail 
39-43  (in  pilaris  38-44)- 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Bermudez:  San  Antonio  i,  hills  of  Quebrada 
Secca  3,  Santa  Ana  Valley  3;  Macuto,  Caracas  i;  Carabobo,  San  Esteban  i,  Lake 
Valencia  3. 

b  Atalotriccus  pilaris  griseiceps  (HELLMAYR)  :  Immediately  distinguished  from  the 
other  races  by  the  smoke  gray  pileum,  strongly  contrasted  with  the  green  back,  the 
latter  being  slightly  duller  than  in  venezuelensis.  Moreover,  the  sides  of  the  head, 
particularly  the  orbital  region,  are  more  tinged  with  cinnamon  buff,  and  there  is 
also  a  more  or  less  distinct  buffy  suffusion  on  the  forehead. 

Three  specimens  from  Quonga  04.  g.  whitelyanus)  prove  to  be  absolutely  identical 
with  a  series  from  Altagracia,  all  having  "the  back  uniform  green."  Two  skins  (from 
Altagracia,  resp.  Ciudad  Bolivar)  show  a  faint  olivaceous  tinge  on  the  crown,  while 
one  of  our  females  from  Lake  Valencia  agrees  with  griseiceps  in  possessing  a  wide 
cinnamon  buff  orbital  ring  and  narrow  buff  frontal  edge. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Ciudad  Bolivar  i,  Altagracia  6, 
Caicara  2,  Quiribana  de  Caicara  i ;  El  Llagual,  Caura  i.  British  Guiana:  Quonga  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  337 

Atalotriccus  pilaris  venezuelensis  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst., 
Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  223,  1916 — from  Ciudad  Bolivar  to  above  the  falls  of  Maipures. 

Range :  Southern  Venezuela,  in  the  valleys  of  the  Caura  and  Orinoco 
(from  Ciudad  Bolivar  up  to  beyond  the  falls  of  Maipures)  and  ad- 
jacent districts  of  British  Guiana  (Quonga). 

Genus  MYIORNIS  Bertoni. 

Myiornis  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  129,  1901 — type  by  monotypy  Euscarth- 
mus  minutus  BERTONI  =  Platyrhynchos  auricularis  VIEILLOT;  idem,  Rev.  Chil. 
Hist.  Nat.,  17,  p.  222,  1913  (crit.). 

Notorchilus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  31,  p.  204,  1918 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Platyrhynchos  auricularis  VIEILLOT. 

*Myiornis  auricularis  (  Vieillof).   EARED  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Platyrhynchos  auricularis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  27,  p.  16, 
1818 — "Bre"sil,"  coll.  Delalande  (type  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

Euscarthmus  cinereicollis  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  955,  1831 — south- 
eastern Brazil. 

Todus  megacephalus  SWAINSON,  Natur.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  177,  pi. 
19,  1838 — no  locality  given. 

Euscarthmus  minutus  BERTONI*,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  129,  1901 — Alto  Parana, 
Paraguay. 

Todirostrum  auriculare  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  364,  1846  (crit.). 
Triccus  auricularis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  499,  1856 — Brazil. 

Orchilus  auricularis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — 'Rio  de  Janeiro  and 
Sapitiba  (Rio  de  Janeiro),  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  HAMILTON, 
Ibis,  1871,  p.  304 — Sao  Paulo;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Canta- 
gallo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  88,  1888 — Parana  and  Pelotas, 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  229,  1889 
— note  on  Wied's  types,  erroneously  stated  to  be  from  "Campos  Geraes"; 
IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Mundo  Novo; 
EULER,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  40,  1900  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  IHERING,  I.e., 
p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  I.e.,  5,  p.  297,  1902 — Bauru  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.);  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  138,  1902 — Sapucay, 
Paraguay;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  269,  1907 — Bahia;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  578 — Sapucay. 

Orchilus  auricularis  pyrrhotis  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  130, 
1885 — Linha  Piraja,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (type)  and  Santa  Catharina  (type 
examined) ;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  269,  1907 — Alto  da  Serra,  Rincao, 
Ubatuba,  Rio  Feio,  Bauru,  Itarare"  (Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho  (Parana),  Porto 

a  Although  the  description  is  faulty  in  several  respects,  the  species  was  later 
identified  by  the  author  with  P.  auricularis  and,  besides,  I  have  seen  an  authentic 
example  from  Puerto  Bertoni,  belonging  to  the  Museu  Paulista. 


338  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cachoeiro  (Espirito  Santo),  Puerto  Bertoni  (Paraguay);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  325,  1910 — Alto  Parana. 

Orchilus  pyrrhotis  DABBENE,  Boll.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  339,  1914 — Misiones  (crit.). 
Myiornis  auricularis  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Alto  Parana. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  adjacent  districts  of  Argentina  (Misiones) ,  and  Para- 
guay. 

9:  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  i;  Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo  2);  Argen- 
tina (Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  6). 

Myiornis    albiventris    (Berlepsch   and   Stolzmann)b.     WHITE-BELLIED 
PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Orchilus  albiventris  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6)  6,  p.  389,  1894 — La 
Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  361 — La  Merced. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  central  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin  (La  Merced, 
Chanchamayo)  and  Huanuco  (Pozuzo). 

Genus  PERISSOTRICCUS  Oberholser". 

Perissotriccus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  64,  1902 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Todirostrum  ecaudatum  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

Perissotriccus  ecaudatus  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).    SHORT-TAILED 
PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Todirostrum  ecaudatum  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — Yuracares,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  316,  pi.  33,  fig.  i,  1839 — Yuracares; 
LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  361,  1846 — Yuracares. 

*•  The  type  of  P.  auricularis  and  other  specimens  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  prove  to  be 
identical  with  a  series  from  Sao  Paulo  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (type  of  0.  a.  pyrrhotis), 
all  having  the  orbital  ring  and  auriculars  decidedly  ruf  escent.  Two  out  of  three  Bahia 
skins  have  these  parts  paler,  more  buffy  whitish,  and  if  there  are  two  races,  it  is  the 
Bahia  form  which  has  to  be  separated.  There  is,  however,  much  variation. 

Material  examined. — Bahia  3.  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Colonia  Alpina,  Serra  dos 
Orgaos  i,  Therezopolis  i,  Sapitiba  i,  Rio  2.  Espirito  Santo:  Porto  Cachoeiro  i. 
Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  2,  Ypiranga  2,  Victoria  3,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Rio  Parana- 
panema  i.  Santa  Catharina:  Blumenau  i.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Linha  Piraja  i. 
Paraguay:  Sapucay  2,  Puerto  Bertoni  i.  Argentina:  Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  6. 

b  Myiornis  albiventris  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN)  :  Similar  in  form  to  M. 
auricularis,  but  tail  somewhat  shorter;  breast  and  abdomen  white  instead  of  bright 
yellow,  only  the  flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish;  pileum 
darker  olive  green;  grayish  nuchal  band  wider;  blackish  auricular  patch  less  pro- 
nounced. Wing  (male)  39;  tail  23;  bill  9. 

Material. — One  adult  male,  collected  by  W.  Hoffmanns,  in  January  1904,  at 
Pozuzo,  alt.  800  metr.,  Dept.  Huanuco,  Peru  (Tring  Museum). 

0  This  genus  is  very  nearly  allied  to  Myiornis,  but  may  be  separated  by  its  very 
much  shorter  tail  which  is  hardly  longer  than  the  tarsus. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  339 

Orchilus  ecaudatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — Engenho  do  Cap.  Gama, 
Matto  Grosso  and  Salto  do  Girao,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628,  631 — San  Esteban,  Venezuela;  idem, 
I.e.,  1878,  p.  138 — Rioja,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  234,  1884 — 
Bolivia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  89,  1888 — Bolivia,  San  Esteban; 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  39,  1902 — Munduapo,  Orinoco 
and  Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  13,  p.  22, 
1906 — Savannah  Grande,  Trinidad;  idem,  I.e.,  14,  p.  n,  1907 — Itaituba,  Rio 
Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  47,  1907 — Teffe\  Rio  Solimoes;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  292, 
1910 — Calama  and  S.  Isabel  (Rio  Preto),  Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Abhandl.  Bayr. 
Ak.  Wiss.,  math.  phys.  Kl.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  21,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Para;  SNETH- 
LAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  501,  1908 — Ilha  do  Papageio  and  Villa  Braga,  Rio 
Tapaj6z;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  270,  1907 — Rio  Jurua;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  92,  1921 — Rio  Cosireni,  Urubamba  region; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  27,  1925 — Bolivia  (type). 

Perissotriccus  ecaudatus  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  433,  1905 — Rio  Jurua; 
SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  404,  1914 — Santa  Isabel  and  Sao  Antonio 
do  Prata  (Para  district),  Rio  Tocantins  (Cameta),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim,  Villa 
Braga,  Ilha  do  Papagaio),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Santa  Helena,  Maloquinha),  Rio 
Jary  (Sao  Antonio  da  Cachoeira),  and  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  223,  1916 — Munduapo  and  Suapure;  HELLMAYR, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  50,  1920 — Yahuarmayo,  Sierra  of  Carabaya, 
Peru. 

Perissotriccus  ecaudatus  miserabilis  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  301, 
1919 — Bonasika  River,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  161, 
1921 — Bonasika  River. 

Range:  Trinidad;  Venezuela  (San  Esteban,  north  coast;  Orinoco 
region);  British  Guiana;  Amazonia,  from  Para  west  to  eastern  Peru, 
south  to  northern  Bolivia  and  western  Matto  Grosso  (Engenho  do 
Gama,  Rio  Guapore*)". 

^Perissotriccus  atricapillus  (Lawrence)*.    BLACK-CAPPED  PYGMY  TY- 
RANT. 

Orchilus  atricapillus  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  (3)  5,  p.  385,  1875 — Angostura  and  "Volcan 
de  Irazu"=Talamanca,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  89, 

»  This  species  does  not  exhibit  any  geographic  variation,  as  far  as  I  can  see,  unless 
it  be  that  specimens  from  Trinidad  and  Venezuela  are,  on  average,  very  slightly 
brighter,  more  yellowish  green  above.  When  separating  miserabilis,  Chubb  had  only 
one  old,  faded  Bolivian  skin  for  comparison. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Savannah  Grande  2,  Caparo  15.  Venezuela: 
Munduapo  i,  Suapure  i.  British  Guiana:  Bonasika  River  i.  Brazil:  Sao  Antonio 
do  Prata  2,  Peixe-Boi  2,  Calama,  Rio  Madeira  3,  Salto  do  Girap  i,  S.  Isabel,  Rio 
Preto  i,  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  2,  Rio  Jurua  i.  Bolivia:  Yuracares  i, 
Rio  San  Mateo  2.  Peru:  Juanfue1,  Rio  Huallaga  i,  Yahuarmayo  2. 

b  Perissotriccus  atricapillus  differs  from  P.  ecaudatus  by  flesh  color  instead  of 
blackish  brown  legs,  brighter  yellow  edges  to  remiges,  larger  as  well  as  more  purely 
white  supraloral  spot,  and  especially  by  black  instead  of  light  gray  crown.  Wing 
36;  tail  15,  18;  bill  n.  Probably  a  race  of  P.  ecaudatus. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Jimenez  i.   Ecuador:   San  Javier  i. 


340  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

1888— Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  17, 
1888 — Angostura  and  Talamanca;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — San 
Javier,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  444,  1917 — Alto  Bonito,  N6vita,  San  Jose',  and  Barbacoas,  Pacific  Co- 
lombia. 

Todirostrum  ecaudatum  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  LAWRENCE,  Ann. 
Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  no,  1868 — Angostura. 

Perissotriccus  atricapillus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  377,  1907 
— eastern  Costa  Rica  and  Ecuador;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  729, 
1910 — Jimenez  and  El  Hogar,  Costa  Rica. 

Range :  Eastern  Costa  Rica  and  along  the  Pacific  coast  of  Colombia 
south  to  northwestern  Ecuador  (San  Javier,  Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

i:    Costa  Rica  (Jimenez  i). 

Genus  PSEUDOTRICCUS  Taczanowski  and  Berlepsch*. 

Pseudotriccus  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  88 — type 
by  monotypy  Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH. 

Pseudomyiobius  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p. 
12,  1899 — type  by  monotypy  Pseudomyiobius  connectens  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA. 

Pseudotriccus   pelzelni   pelzelni    Taczanowski  and    Berlepschb.     PEL- 
ZELN'S  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  88 
— Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador  (two  cotypes  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  85,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  Machay  (spec,  examined). 

Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  pelzelni  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  441, 
1917 — 'Buenavista,  above  Villa vicencio,  Colombia. 

Range:  Eastern  slope  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (Buenavista)  and 
Ecuador  (Machay,  Mapoto,  below  Sumaco). 

Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  berlepschi  Nelson0.    BERLEPSCH'S  PYGMY  TY- 
RANT. 
a  The  smooth,  slender  tarsus  serves  to  distinguish  this  genus  from  its  allies. 

b  Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  pelzelni  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH  has  the  back 
decidedly  greenish  (slightly  darker  than  Ridgway's  dark  citrine)  with  the  lower 
rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  more  brownish;  feathers  of  pileum  dusky  in  the  middle, 
edged  with  dark  citrine;  edges  of  greater  wing-coverts  slightly  more  brownish  olive 
than  the  back,  those  of  remiges  and  rectrices  raw  umber;  sides  of  head  dark  citrine; 
middle  of  breast  and  abdomen  nearest  to  Strpntian  yellow,  tinged  with  citrine  on 
throat  and  chest,  and  more  strongly  so  on  sides;  under  tail-coverts  washed  with 
buffy.  Wing  (three  males)  57-58;  tail  44-47;  tarsus  19-20;  bill  n. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Machay  2,  below  Sumaco  i. 

0  Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  berlepschi  NELSON:  Differs  from  P.  p.  pelzelni  by  rather 
darker  (more  brownish  olive)  back;  more  blackish  pileum;  conspicuous  rufous  brown 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  341 

Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  berlepschi  NELSON,  Smiths.  Misc.  Coll.,  60,  No.  21,  p.   i, 
1913 — Mount  Pirri,  Panama  (two  cotypes  examined). 

Range:     Eastern  Panama  (Mount  Pirri). 

Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  connectens  (Sahadori  and  Festa):   SALVADORI'S 

PYGMY  TYRANT. 
Pseudomyiobius  connectens  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 

No.  362,  p.  12,  1899 — Gualea,  Ecuador  (type  examined;  =  juv.). 
Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  85,  1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — Milligalli  and  Gualea  (spec,  examined). 
Pseudotriccus  connectens  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  441,  1917 
— Cerro  Munchique  and  Cocal,  Western  Andes,  Colombia  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Western  Andes  of  Colombia  and  western  slope  of  Ecuador. 

Pseudotriccus  simplex  (Berlepsch)b.    BOLIVIAN  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

(between  Brussels  brown  and  Antique  brown)  edges  to  larger  wing-coverts,  quills 
and  rectrices;  paler  (about  straw  yellow)  under  parts,  less  strongly  tinged  with 
citrine  on  chest  and  hardly  so  on  throat;  finally  much  larger  bill.  Wing  (two  adults) 
56-57;  tail  44-45;  bill  12. 

This  form  resembles  P.  p.  connectens  in  large  bill  and  distinct  rufous  brown  edges 
on  wings  and  tail,  but  is  considerably  darker  above,  with  the  cap  more  blackish, 
while  the  under  surface  is  paler  yellow  and  washed  with  greenish  (citrine)  instead 
of  old  gold  on  chest  and  sides.  Two  specimens  from  Mount  Pirri  examined. 

•  Pseudotriccus  pelzelni  connectens  (SALVADORI  and  FESTA)  :  Bill  large,  and  larger 
wing-coverts,  remiges,  and  tail  feathers  edged  with  antique  brown  as  in  P.  p.  ber- 
lepschi; but  back  medal  bronze  instead  of  dark  citrine;  pileum  of  a  lighter  greenish, 
with  less  distinct  dusky  disks;  auriculars  and  sides  of  neck  more  brownish  (orange 
citrine  rather  than  dark  citrine  as  in  P.  p.  pelzelni,  while  P.  p.  berlepschi  is  somewhat 
intermediate);  yellow  of  under  parts  much  brighter  (amber  yellow)  than  in  either; 
chest  and  sides  strongly  washed  with  old  gold  instead  of  citrine;  size  slightly  larger. 
Wing  (five  adults)  56-60;  tail  44-48;  tarsus  20;  bill  12-13. 

The  type  is  a  young  bird  in  fluffy  plumage  with  undeveloped  crest.  Two  speci- 
mens from  Cocal  agree  with  others  from  Ecuador.  There  can  be  no  question  that 
P.  connectens  is  but  a  race  of  P.  pelzelni.  In  structural  details  they  are  identical 
and,  as  far  as  coloration  is  concerned,  the  Mount  Pirri  form  is  just  intermediate. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Gualea  2,  Milligalli  i,  unspecified  2.  Colombia: 
Cocal,  west  of  Popayan  2. 

b  Pseudotriccus  simplex  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Nearly  allied  to  P.  p.  pelzelni,  but  fore- 
head, lores  and  orbital  region  Sudan  brown,  this  color  passing  on  crown  and  auri- 
culars into  the  dark  citrine  of  the  back,  which  is  somewhat  deeper  than  in  its  ally; 
under  parts  much  duller  and  more  olivaceous,  less  greenish  on  throat,  chest  and 
sides  which  are  nearest  to  "olive  lake",  while  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  is  even  paler 
yellowish  than  in  P.  p.  berlepschi.  Wing  53-55;  tail  40-43^;  bill  n. 

In  shape  of  bill  this  bird  closely  agrees  with  P.  p.  pelzelni,  although  the  maxilla 
is  apparently  slightly  more  depressed  and  not  quite  so  strongly  curved  in  its  apical 
portion.  Caenotriccus  to  which  it  had  originally  been  referred  has  a  slenderer  bill 
with  less  bulging  outline  and  pale  colored  lower  mandible. 

The  type  of  0.  keaysi  differs  from  two  Bolivian  examples  by  more  brownish  back 
(near  medal  bronze),  more  rufous  (argus  or  Brussels  brown)  edges  to  wings  and  tail, 
more  olivaceous  (less  greenish)  under  parts,  and  more  brownish  flanks. 

The  three  known  specimens  of  this  species  are  undoubtedly  adult  and,  while 
superficially  resembling  the  juvenile  plumage  of  Caenotriccus  ruficeps  in  coloration, 


342  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Caenotriccus  simplex  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  88,  Jan.  1901 — Sandillani 
(type)  and  San  Jacinto,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined). 

Ochthoeca  keaysi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  14,  p.  227,  Sept.  1901 — 
Inca  Mine  [  =  Santo  Domingo],  Peru  (type  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14, 
p.  470,  1907  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  241,  1913  (crit.). 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  La  Paz  (Sandillani)  and  Cocha- 
bamba  (San  Jacinto),  and  southeastern  Peru  (Santo  Domingo). 

Genus  CAENOTRICCUS  Sclater-. 

Caenotriccus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  86,  1888 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Muscicapa  ruficeps  LAFRESNAYE. 

*Caenotriccus  ruficeps  (Lafresnaye) .  RUFOUS-HEADED  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  (Todirostrum?)  ruficeps  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  6,  p.  291,  1843 — 
"Colombie"  =  Bogota;  idem,  I.e.,  7,  p.  80,  1844  (crit.). 

Conopophaga  ruficeps  LAFRESNAYE,  Mag.  Zool.,  (2)  6,  Ois.,  pi.  51,  1844 — Colom- 
bia. 

Tyrannula  ruficeps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogotd. 

Serphophaga  ruficeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  212,  1862 — Bogotd; 
TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  535 — Pumamarca,  Peru;  idem,  Orn. 
Per.,  2,  p.  237,  1884 — Pumamarca;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — Mindo. 

Caenotriccus  ruficeps  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  86,  1888 — Bogotd  and 
"Sarayacu,  Ecuador";  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p. 
360 — Sarnapaycha  (Maraynioc),  Peru  (spec,  examined);  SALVADOR!  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  6,  1899 — Pun  and  Gualea, 
Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  91,  1921 — Cedrobamba, 
Urubamba  Valley,  Peru;  LONNBERG  and  RENDALL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p. 
72,  1922 — road  to  Gualea,  Ecuador. 

Caenotriccus  ruficeps  haplopteryx  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  361,  in  text — Maraynioc,  Peru. 

Caenotriccus  ruficeps  ruficeps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  442, 
1917 — Cocal  and  Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Almaguer,  Salento,  Santa  Isabel, 
Colombia. 

Range:    Andes    of    Colombia     (except    Santa    Marta    district), 
Ecuador,  Peru,  and  western  Bolivia  (Sandillani,  Yungas  of  La  Paz) b. 
i :    Colombia  (Coast  Range  west  of  Popayan  i). 

as  stated  by  Chapman  (Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  442,  1917),  they  appear 
to  constitute  a  different  species  which,  for  the  present,  I  am  inclined  to  assign 
to  Pseudotriccus. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Sandillani,  Yungas  of  La  Paz  (the  type)  i,  San 
Jacinto,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba  i.  Peru:  Santo  Domingo  i. 

•  I  am  very  doubtful  about  the  propriety  of  separating  this  genus  from  Pseudo- 
triccus. The  only  divergency  of  importance  that  I  can  discover  is  the  decidedly 
slenderer  bill  with  less  bulging  edges  and  pale  colored  lower  mandible. 

b  It  appears  to  me  impossible  to  maintain  the  form  haplopteryx,  tentatively 
proposed  by  Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann.  While  the  type  (from  Maraynioc)  is  dis- 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  343 

Genus  HEMITRICCUS  Cabanis  and  Heine-. 

Hemitriccus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Heine.,  2,  p.  52,  1859 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Muscicapa  diops  TEMMINCK. 

Hemitriccus  diops  diops  (TemmincK).    TEMMINCK'S  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  diops  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  24,  pi.  144,  fig.  i,  July  1822 
— "Bre"sil"=  Ypanema,  Prov.  Sao  Paulo,  coll.  Nattererb. 

Euscarthmus  vilis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  490,  1856 — "In  der 
Provinz  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  sud warts  bis  nach  Montevideo"  (type  from 
"Montevideo"6  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Hemitriscus  (sic)  Salvadorianus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  123,  1901 — 
Alto  Parana,  26°  lat.  south,  Paraguayd. 

Hemitriccus  diops  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo,  and 
Curytiba,  Parana  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  91, 
1888 — Brazil;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  270,  1907 — Ypiranga6,  Alto  da 
Serra6,  Iguap6,  Itarar6e,  Est.  Sao  Paulo,  and  Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay; 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  326,  1910 — Alto  Parand  (ex 
BERTONI);  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  p.  133,  1915 — Braco  do  Sul, 
near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  (range,  excl.  Itatiaya;  crit.). 

Hemitriccus  vilis  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  270,  1902 — part,  Ypiranga 
(spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  6,  p.  324,  1905 — Paraguay. 

Range :    Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 

tinctly  larger  and  of  somewhat  duller  coloration,  an  adult  bird  from  Sandillani 
(Bolivia)  hardly  differs  from  Bogota  skins  by  slightly  paler  rufous  head. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  5,  Cocal  2,  west  of  Popayan  i.  Ecuador: 
Mindo  i,  Gualea  i.  Peru:  Maraynioc  i.  Bolivia:  Sandillani  i. 

a  This  genus  comes  very  close  to  Euscarthmornis,  but  may  be  distinguished  by 
its  proportionately  longer  tail,  the  feathers  of  which  are  somewhat  broader  and 
slightly  pointed  at  the  tip,  and  by  the  fourth  primary  (from  without),  in  the  adult 
male,  being  distinctly  shortened,  so  as  to  fall  between  the  third  and  fifth  quill. 

b  Temminck's  description  was  based,  as  results  from  the  records  of  the  Vienna 
Museum,  upon  examples  obtained  by  Natterer.  Of  the  eight  original  skins,  seven 
are  still  extant,  five  from  Ypanema  and  two  from  Curytiba,  and  one  of  the  former 
has  a  label  bearing  in  Temminck's  own  handwriting  "Muscicapa  diops  TEMMINCK, 
PI.  col.  144,  fig.  i."  It  is  no  doubt  one  of  those  forwarded  to  Temminck  and  possibly 
the  actual  type.  All  of  Natterer's  specimens  are  referable  to  the  same  species  as  the 
type  of  E.  vilis  BURMEISTER,  with  which  they  were  directly  compared,  and  totally 
different  from  Guracava  difficilis  IHERING  and  IHERING.  Temminck's  figure  is  rather 
poor,  the  back  being  much  too  green  and  the  buffy  orbital  ring  demeasurably  exag- 
gerated. 

0  The  type,  said  to  have  been  obtained  at  "Montevideo"  by  the  traveller  Sellow, 
agrees  with  Natterer's  specimens  from  Ypanema.  The  locality  is  unquestionably 
erroneous. 

d  "An  authentic  specimen  received  from  A.  Bertoni  and  forwarded  to  my  inspection 
by  H.  von  Ihering  is  essentially  like  an  example  from  Ypanema,  coll.  Natterer' '  (Count 
Berlepsch  in  litt!). 

8  Specimens  in  Museu  Paulista  examined. 


344  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  dos  Orgaos)  to  Parana,  and  adjacent  portion 
of  Paraguay  (Alto  Parana) ». 

Hemitriccus  diops  obsoletus  (Miranda)*.    IT  ATI  A  YA  PYGMY  TYRANT. 

Musciphaga  obsoleta  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p. 
21,  1906 — Caminho  de  Couto,  Itatiaya,  Brazil0;  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  Brit.  Orn. 
Cl.,  19,  p.  76,  1907  (crit.  ;=  Hemitriccus  diops). 

Hemitriccus  diops  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  HELLMAYR,  Verb.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  15,  p. 
133.  1915 — part,  Itatiaya. 

Hemitriccus  obsoletus  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p. 
251,  254,  1923 — Itatiaya. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  Province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  do 
Itatiaya) . 

*Hemitriccus  diops  flammulatus   Berlepsch*.    FLAMMULATED  PYGMY 
TYRANT. 

•Two  males  from  near  Victoria  (Espirito  Santo),  seven  skins  from  Colonia  Al- 
pina,  Serra  dos  Orgaos  secured  by  E.  A.  Goeldi,  and  a  series  from  various  places  in 
State  of  Sao  Paulo,  including  five  from  Ypanema  (coll.  Natterer)  and  one  female 
from  Ypiranga  (Coll.  Berlepsch  ex  Museu  Paulista,  No.  428.  May  31,  1899.  J. 
Lima)  agree  very  well  together,  having  the  upper  parts  of  a  dull  greenish  olive,  the 
throat  as  well  as  the  chest  (separated  from  each  other,  in  the  middle,  by  a  whitish 
jugular  patch)  grayish  brown,  with  a  slight  vinaceous  tinge,  and  the  median  portion 
of  the  abdomen  distinctly  whitish.  A  second  specimen  from  Ypiranga  (Museu 
Paulista,  No.  146,  9,  July  27,  1898.  Pinder),  mentioned  by  Ihering  s.n.  H.  vilis 
(I.e.),  is  more  brownish  throughout  and  closely  approaches  the  Itatiaya  form  ob- 
soletus.  Two  skins  from  Curytiba,  Parand  are  very  similar,  though  not  quite  so 
brownish  above,  but  differ  from  all  the  others  by  lacking  the  whitish  zone  in  the 
middle  of  the  abdomen.  The  sexes  of  this  species  do  not  differ  in  coloration. 

Material  examined. — Espirito  Santo:  BraQO  do  Sul,  near  Victoria  2.  Rio  de 
Janeiro:  Petropolis  i,  Therezopolis  i,  Colonia  Alpina,  Serra  dos  Orgaos  7.  Sao 
Paulo:  Ypanema  5,  Victoria  3,  Alambary  i,  Ypiranga  2,  Alto  da  Serra  2,  ItararS  i. 
Parana:  Curytiba  2.  "Montevideo"  (type  of  E.  vilis  BURMEISTER)  i. 

b  Hemitriccus  diops  obsoletus  (MIRANDA)  :  Similar  to  H.  d.  diops,  but  upper  parts 
brownish  (instead  of  greenish)  olive;  loral  spot  tawny  buff  instead  of  pale  yellowish 
or  buffy;  cheeks  and  auriculars  much  more  brownish;  throat  and  chest  wood  brown 
instead  of  grayish  brown;  jugular  patch  and  middle  of  belly  decidedly  buffy;  flanks 
and  under  tail-coverts  more  buffy  yellow.  Wing  (male)  57-59,  (female)  53-555 
tail  52-54,  (female)  44-47. 

Five  specimens  from  the  Itatiaya  show  this  form  to  be  separable  after  all, 
though  the  differences  are  bridged  over  by  individual  variation  in  the  typical  race, 
as  pointed  out  in  the  preceding  footnote.  It  is  obviously  a  local  form  restricted  to  the 
Serra  of  Itatiaya. 

c  A  colored  sketch  of  the  type  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  H.  von  Ihering 
agrees  perfectly  with  specimens  collected  by  H.  Luderwaldt  and  Ernst  G.  Holt. 

d  Hemitriccus  diops  flammulatus  BERLEPSCH:  Nearly  allied  to  H.  diops  diops, 
but  bill  much  wider;  upper  parts  somewhat  duller  green;  throat  white,  with  grayish 
brown  streaks;  breast  flammulated  with  grayish  brown  and  whitish;  axillars,  under 
wing-coverts,  and  edge  of  wing  brighter  lemon  yellow.  Wing  (male)  55-58,  (female) 
51;  tail  46-49,  (female)  42. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:   San  Mateo  4,  Rio  Surutu  2,  Buenavista  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  345 

Hemitriccus  flammulatus  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  87,  1901 — San  Mateo, 

Yungas  of  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 
Euscarthmus  viridescens  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  p.  169,  1915 — Rio 

Surutu,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range :    Yungas  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  Cochabamba  and  Santa  Cruz. 
4:    Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  4). 

Genus  POGONOTRICCUS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Pogonotriccus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  54,  1859 — type  by  mono- 

typy  Muscicapa  eximia  TEMMINCK. 
Eupsilostoma  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  69,   1860 — type  by  orig.  desig. 

Muscicapa  eximia  TEMMINCK. 

*Pogonotriccus  eximius  (Temminck).    NATTERER'S  BRISTLE -TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  eximia  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  Col.,  livr.  24,  pi.  144,  fig.  2,  1822 — 
"Bre"sil,"  coll.  Natterer  =  Ypanema,  State  of  Sao  Paulo. 

Hapalocercus  albifrons  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  121,  1901 — Alto  Parand, 
Paraguay. 

Euscarthmus  eximius  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  429,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo,  Rio  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Pogonotriccus  eximius  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo 
(spec,  examined) ;  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2, p.  292,  1874 — Novo  Friburgo;  SCLATER 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  98,  1888 — Ypanema;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4, 
p.  155,  1900 — Novo  Friburgo  and  Cantagallo,  Rio;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  274,  1907 — Alto  da  Serra,  Campinas,  Rio  Feio,  Piquete,  Avanhandava 
(Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho  (Parana),  Puerto  Bertoni  (Paraguay) ;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910, 
p.  580 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  329, 
1910 — Alto  Parana;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  336,  1912 — Mburero  and  Paso  Yuvay, 
Paraguay;  idem,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  341,  1914 — Bonpland,  Misiones;  BER- 
TONI, Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni  and  Iguazu,  Paraguay. 

Pogonotriccus  albifrons  BERTONI,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  17,  p.  223,  1913 — Para- 
guay (crit.). 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  south  to  Parand; 
Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones)". 
2:    Argentina  (Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  2). 

^Pogonotriccus  ophthalmicus   Taczanowskib.    PERUVIAN  BRISTLE-TY- 
RANT. 

•  Careful  comparison  of  seven  Paraguayan  skins  (albifrons)  with  Natterer's 
original  series  from  Ypanema  demonstrated  their  absolute  identity. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Novo  Friburgo  2,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  8.  Para- 
guay: Sapucay  7,  Puerto  Bertoni  i.  Argentina:  Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  2. 

b  Pogonotriccus  ophthalmicus  TACZANOWSKI:  Differs  from  P.  eximius  by  larger 
size;  by  lacking  the  yellowish  green  patch  on  the  anterior  crown;  by  having  the 


346  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pogonotriccus  ophthalmicus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  135 — Amable 
Maria,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  535 — Amable  Maria  and  Ropaybam- 
ba;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  19 — Huambo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  250,  1884 — Amable  Maria,  Ropaybamba,  Huambo;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  89 — Mapoto  and  Machay,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  98,  1888 — Ropaybamba,  Huambo,  Ma- 
chay; BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  362 — La  Gloria, 
Vitoc,  Peru;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — Pichincha  and  Coraz6n, 
Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  77,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  446,  1917 — Salencio,  Salento,  and  Rio 
Toche'  (Central  Andes),  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Cerro  Munchique,  and 
Gallera  (Western  Andes);  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Arch.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25, 
p.  73,  1922 — Niebli,  Ecuador. 

Leptopogon  godmani  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  48 — Sarayacu,  Ecuador 
(types  in  British  Museum  examined ;=juv.);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  116,  1888 — Sarayacu;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  322,  1906  (crit.). 

Pogonotriccus  alleni  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  65,  1902 — Rio 
Cauca,  Colombia  (type  in  American  Museum  of  Nat.  History  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20,  p.  243,  1913  (crit.,  var.,  meas.,  range). 

Range :  Andes  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (Cumbre  de  Valencia,  in 
State  of  Carabobo),  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  district),  Ecuador, 
and  Peru  (south  to  Dept.  Junin). 

7:  Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  5);  Colombia  (Gallera  i,  El 
Roble,  Quindio  Andes  i). 

Pogonotriccus  gualaquizae  Sclater*.   GUALAQUIZA  BRISTLE -TYRANT. 

Pogonotriccus  gualaquizae  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885 — 
Mapoto,  Ecuador  (nom.  nudum);  SCLATER,  I.e.,  1887,  p.  48 — Gualaquiza, 

median  and  greater  upper  wing-coverts  conspicuously  edged  with  olive  yellow,  the 
upper  throat  decidedly  whitish,  the  back  of  a  purer,  less  yellowish  green,  etc.  Wing 
(male)  58-63,  (female)  54-56;  tail  52-57,  (female)  48-50;  bill  9-10. 

Birds  from  Colombia  and  Venezuela  average  rather  lighter,  but  the  difference  is 
too  slight  and  variable  to  warrant  the  recognition  of  a  northern  race  for  which  the 
name  alleni  would  be  available.  Besides,  specimens  from  Ecuador  (godmani)  are 
variously  intermediate,  some  being  much  like  the  Peruvian,  others  almost  indis- 
tinguishable from  the  Venezuelan  bird.  Topotypical  skins  from  Junin,  which  we 
have  not  seen,  are  stated  to  be  paler  and  less  olivaceous  below  (Berlepsch  in  litt.). 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Huachipa  2,  Huambo  2.  Ecuador:  Sarayacu  2, 
Pichincha  2,  Coraz6n  2,  Mapoto  i,  Machay  i.  Colombia:  "Bogota"  i,  Gallera  i, 
El  Roble  i,  Rio  Cauca  i,  Primavera,  Cauca  i.  Venezuela:  Cumbre  de  Valencia  3. 

•  Pogonotriccus  gualaquizae  SCLATER:  Not  unlike  P.  opthalmicus,  but  consider- 
ably smaller;  bill  shorter,  with  lower  mandible  dusky  brown;  crown  mainly  oliva- 
ceous, only  on  anterior  portion  tinged  with  dark  slate  gray;  superciliaries  pure  white, 
not  edged  with  black;  no  white  mottling  on  sides  of  neck;  back  darker  olive  green; 
breast  paler,  more  grayish  olive,  flammulated  with  yellow.  Wing  (one  male)  54, 
(two  females)  48,  49;  tail  50,  (female)  44,  47;  bill  8-9. 

Material  examined. — Gualaquiza  2,  Mapoto  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  347 

Ecuador  (types  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  99,  1888 — Gualaquiza;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  55,  p.  494, 
1926 — Zamora. 

Range:    Eastern  Ecuador  (Gualaquiza,  Mapoto,  Zamora). 

Pogonotriccus  ottonis  Berlepsch*.   OTTO'S  BRISTLE-TYRANT. 

Pogonotriccus  ottonis  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  89,  1901 — Songo,  Yungas  of 
La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range:  Western  Bolivia  (Songo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz)  and  south- 
eastern Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

^Pogonotriccus  poecilotis  (Sclater)b.   VARIEGATED  BRISTLE-TYRANT. 

Leptopogon  poecilotis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1862,  p.  m — Bogota  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Con- 
cordia,  Antioquia;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  89 — Machay 
(spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  116,  1888 — Bogota, 
Concordia;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  704 — Pichincha,  Ecuador  (spec, 
examined). 

Pogonotriccus  poecilotis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  446, 1917 — 
San  Antonio,  Cerro  Munchique  (Western  Andes),  Miraflores,  Salento,  Rio 
Toch£,  La  Candela  (Central  Andes),  Aguadita,  near  Bogota,  Colombia. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  and  Ecuador0. 
i:    Colombia  (Cerro  Munchique,  coast  range  west  of  Popayan  i). 

Pogonotriccus  orbitalis  (CabanisY.   SPECTACLED  BRISTLE-TYRANT. 

•  Pogonotriccus  ottonis  BERLEPSCH:  Nearly  allied  to  P.  ophthalmicus,  but  back  of 
a  much  brighter,  fresher  green;  median  and  greater  upper  wing-coverts  largely 
tipped  with  pale  yellow  (like  P.  venezuelanus) ,  forming  two  cross  bars;  under  parts 
grayish  white,  only  flanks  and  tail-coverts  slightly  tinged  with  pale  yellowish.  Wing 
(two  males)  60,  62,  (four  females)  54-55;  tail  54,  56,  (female)  50-52;  bill  9-10^. 

Specimens  from  Marcapata  have  the  belly  more  yellowish  (with  a  slight  oliva- 
ceous wash  on  the  chest)  than  the  type  from  Songo.  This  species  which  may  be 
merely  a  race  of  P.  opththalmicus  mimics  in  coloration  Leptopogon  superciliaris 
albidiventer  to  remarkable  perfection.  It  is,  however,  easily  distinguished  by  smaller 
size,  much  shorter,  strongly  ridged  bill,  and  several  other  structural  details. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Songo  (the  type)  i.  Peru:  Marcapata,  alt.  1000 
metr.,  Dept.  Cuzco  5,  all  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection. 

b  This  and  the  three  next  species  are  very  difficult  to  place,  as  pointed  out  else- 
where (Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  174,  1914),  and  their  present  assignment  must  be  regarded 
as  provisional.  They  differ  from  the  typical  members  of  the  genus  by  somewhat 
slenderer,  less  strongly  ridged  bill,  decidedly  weaker  legs  and  feet,  and  narrower 
rectrices.  In  these  points,  they  closely  approach  Leptotriccus  which,  however,  has 
fewer  rictal  bristles,  more  elongated  crown  feathers,  more  roundish  nostrils,  etc. 

"Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  6,  Concordia  i.  Ecuador:  Machay 
2,  "Pichincha"  i. 

d  Pogonotriccus  orbitalis  (CABANIS)  :  Nearest  to,  and  agreeing,  with  P.  vene- 
zuelanus in  sulphur  yellow  wing  bands,  but  readily  distinguished  by  much  darker 


348  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Capsiempis  orbitalis  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  68,  1873 — Monterico,  Dept. 
Ayacucho  (type  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lend.,  1874,  p.  536 — Monterico;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  250,  1884 — Monterico 
and Amable Maria ;ScLATER, Cat.  B.Brit. Mus.,  14, p.  121, 1888  (ex  CABANIS). 

Pogonotriccus  orbitalis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  173,  1914 — Monterico,  and 
San  Gaban,  Sierra  of  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.);  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A, 
Heft  10,  p.  50,  1920 — San  Gabari;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  N.  H.,  55, 
p.  493,  1926 — Rio  Suno  and  below  San  Jos6,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Suno,  below  San 
Jose)  and  Peru,  in  depts.  Junin  (Amable  Maria),  Ayacucho  (Monte- 
rico), and  Puno  (San  Gaban,  Sierra  of  Carabaya). 

Pogonotriccus  venezuelanus  Berlepsch*.  VENEZUELAN  BRISTLE-TYRANT. 

Pogonotriccus  venezuelanus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  357,  1907 — "Puerto  Cabello," 
Venezuela  (type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined) ;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN, 
Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  76,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia  (crit.). 

Leptopogon  tristis  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  118,  1888 — part,  spec,  a  (examined). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (Cumbre  de 
Valencia,  State  of  Carabobo) . 

Pogonotriccus  flaviventris  (Harteri)b.    YELLOW-BELLIED  BRISTLE -TY- 
RANT. 

(slate  gray  rather  than  cinereous)  crown ;  deep  olive  green  (instead  of  light  grass  green) 
back ;  deeper  yellow  under  parts,  washed  with  olivaceous  on  sides  of  throat,  cheeks 
and  chest;  dusky  brown  instead  of  flesh  color  legs  and  feet;  finally  by  lacking  the 
large,  semilunar,  black  patch  on  the  auriculars,  there  being  in  its  stead  but  a  few 
small  dusky  olive  apical  spots.  Wing  (one  male,  the  type)  55^2,  (female,  San  Ga- 
ban) 49;  tail  46,  (female)  41;  bill  10. 

The  bill  is  slightly  slenderer  and  shorter  than  in  P.  venezuelanus,  agreeing  in 
shape  closely  with  that  of  P.  poecilotis;  the  lower  mandible  is  whitish  as  in  the  allied 
species.  From  P.  poecilotis  the  present  bird  differs  chiefly  by  narrower,  pale  yellow 
(instead  of  deep  ochraceous)  wing  bands,  pale  yellow  (instead  of  white)  lores  and 
cheeks,  darker  gray  crown,  yellow  chin,  and  by  lacking  the  semilunar  auricular  patch 
and  the  whitish  suffusion  in  the  postocular  region. 

''Pogonotriccus  venezuelanus  BERLEPSCH:  Superficially  resembling  P.  ophthal- 
micus,  but  much  smaller  in  all  dimensions,  legs  and  toes  much  weaker  and  flesh  color 
instead  of  blackish  brown;  under  parts  much  paler  yellow,  without  any  white  on 
chin  or  olivaceous  on  chest;  lores,  superciliaries,  and  subocular  region  more  yellowish 
white;  median  and  greater  upper  wing-coverts  largely  tipped  with  pale  yellow,  form- 
ing two  well-defined  cross  bands,  etc.  Wing  (male)  53-54,  (female)  47-49;  tail 
49-51,  (female)  42-46;  bill  9>£-io. 

Material  examined. — Cumbre  de  Valencia  7,  "Puerto  Cabello"  (the  type)  i, 
unspecified  i. 

b  Pogonotriccus  flaviventris  (HARTERT)  :  Similar  to  P.  venezuelanus  in  structure, 
coloration  of  under  parts,  and  wing  markings;  but  upper  parts  much  darker  green, 
with  the  crown  but  slightly  duller  than  the  back,  not  slate  gray;  lores,  orbital  ring, 
and  superciliaries  (in  anteocular  portion)  cinnamon  rufous;  cheeks  black  like  the 
auriculars,  the  latter  washed  with  cinnamon  buff  in  the  middle;  feet  blackish  brown 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  349 

Leptotriccus  flaviventris  HARTERT,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  7,  p.  V,  1897 — Merida  (type) 
and  Ejido,  Merida,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Northwestern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  MeYida  (Ejido, 
M£rida)  and  Dept.  Federal  Occidental  (Loma  Redonda,  north  coast 
mountains,  near  Caracas)8. 


Genus  LEPTOTRICCUS  Cabanis  and  Heine*-. 

Leptotriccus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  54,  1859 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Leptotriccus  sylviolus  CABANIS  and  HEINE. 

Phyttooecia  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  120, 1901 — type  Phyllooecia  chloroleuca 
BERTONI. 


Leptotriccus  sylviolus  Cabanis  and  Heine.   WOOD-TYRANT. 

Leptotriccus  sylviolus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  54,  1859 — Brazil 
(type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  325,  1905 
— Paraguay;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  275,  1907 — Brazil  and  Puerto 
Bertoni,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  329,  1910 — 
Alto  Parana. 

Phyllooecia  chloroleuca  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  120,  1901 — Alto  Parana, 
lat.  25°  47',  Paraguay. 

Leptotriccus  sylviola  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  99, 1888 — Brazil;  BERTONI, 
Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Paraguay. 

Range :  Southeastern  Brazil  (in  State  of  Rio  de  Janeiro)  and  Para- 
guay (Puerto  Bertoni,  Alto  Parana)0. 

instead  of  flesh  color.    Wing  52-56,  (female)  48-49;  tail  50-55,  (female)  46-47;  bill 
9K-ioX. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  M6rida  (the  type)  i,  Ejido  i,  Loma  Redonda, 
Caracas  region  8. 

8  An  adult  male  of  what  will  doubtless  prove  to  be  an  undescribed  form  was 
obtained  by  Otto  Garlepp  at  Marcapata,  Peru,  alt.  1000  metr.,  on  November  3, 
1899,  and  is  preserved  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection  (collector's  No.  1398).  It  differs 
from  P.  flaviventris  by  more  extensive  and  deeper  rufous  color  about  the  head,  slaty 
crown,  nearly  uniform  cinnamon  buff  sides  of  the  head,  and  blackish  lower  man- 
dible. 

b  Leptotriccus  is  closely  allied  to  Phylloscartes,  but  has  a  shorter,  wider  bill  with 
fewer,  softer  rictal  bristles,  more  lengthened  crown  feathers,  a  more  rounded  wing, 
and  much  slenderer,  weaker  legs  and  toes.  It  is  also  related  to  Pogonotriccus,  but 
may  be  distinguished  by  narrower  bill,  much  lesser  development  of  rictal  bristles, 
roundish  (instead  of  slit-like)  nostrils,  etc. 

c  An  authentic  specimen  of  P.  chloroleuca  from  Puerto  Bertoni  in  the  Museu 
Paulista  (No.  3199),  communicated  by  Dr.  H.  von  Ihering,  agrees  well  with  birds 
from  Rio. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL 

Four  (unsexed)  adults  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  46^, 48,48,52  }4  44,45,46,51 

One  (unsexed)  adult  from  Puerto  Bertoni  $\%  52 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  PHYLLOSCARTES  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

PhyUoscartes  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  52,  1859 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Mvscicapa  ventralis  TEMMINCK. 

Guracava  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  271,  1907 — type  by  mono- 
typy  Guracava  difficilis  IHERING  and  IHERING. 


*Phylloscartes    ventralis    ventralis    (Temminck).     YELLOW-BELLIED 
PHYLLOSCARTES. 

Muscicapa  ventralis  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PL  col.,  livr.  46,  pi.  275,  fig.  2,  May 
1824 — "Bre'sil,"  coll.  Natterer=Ypanema,  State  of  Sao  Paulo. 

PhyUoscartes  ventralis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  102,  1868 — Ypanema  and  Cime- 
terio  [do  Lambari]  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba  (Parana)  (spec,  examined);  idem, 
Nunq.  otios,  2,  p.  292,  1874 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt. 
Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  198,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  131,  1885 —  Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  exam- 
ined); SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  137,  1888 — Entrerios  (ex  BAR- 
ROWS); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  92,  1888 — Taquara,  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  186,  1899 — Iguap£  and  Sao  Paulo 
(spec,  examined);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — 
[Taquara  do]  Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Novo 
Friburgo;  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  183, 
1906 — Retire  do  Ramos,  Itatiaya;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  272,  1907 
— Ypiranga,  Itatiba,  Jundiahy,  Iguape",  Itarar6  (Sao  Paulo),  Itatiaya  (Minas); 
LUDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  353,  1909 — Itatiaya;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  579 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Scient. 
Varsovie,  5,  p.  480,  497, 1912 — Vera  Guarany,  Parana;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag., 
P-  55»  1914 — Mondaih,  Paraguay. 

Phyttoscartes  ventralis  ventralis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  322,  1906  (range); 
DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  326,  1910 — Entrerios. 

Philoscartes  ventralis  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p. 
254,  1923 — Itatiaya. 

Leptopogon  tristis  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p. 
606 — San  Javier,  Misiones;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  144,  1888 
— part,  San  Javier. 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil  (from  Rio  de  Janeiro 
south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul),  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  and  northeastern 
Argentina  (prov.  Misiones  and  Entrerios) ». 

7:  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  2);  Argentina,  Misiones  (Eldorado  i, 
Rio  Paranay  i,  Caraguatay  i);  Uruguay  (Quebrada  de  los  Cuervos  2). 

•Material  examined. — Brazil,  Rio:  Therezopolis  2.  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  4, 
Lambari  i,  Iguap6  i,  Itarar6  2,  Itatiba  i,  Ypiranga  i.  Parana:  Curytiba  2,  Roca 
Nova,  Serra  do  Mar  2.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo  3,  Sao 
Lourenco  2.  Argentina:  Misiones  3.  Uruguay  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR.  351 

^Phylloscartes  ventralis  angustirostris   (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny)*. 
SLENDER-BILLED  PHYLLOSCARTES. 

Muscicapa  angustirostris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  52,  1837 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  angustirostris  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  325,  1839 
— Yungas  of  La  Paz. 

Leptopogon  tristis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  254 — Simacu, 
Bolivia  (type  in  British  Museum  examined) ;  WHITE,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  606 — part, 
Sierra  de  Totoral,  Catamarca;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  144, 
1888 — part,  Bolivia  and  Catamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  118, 
1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Simacu. 

Phylloscartes  ventralis  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p. 
184,  1902 — Cerro  de  Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — 
Quebrada  de  las  Piedras,  Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255, 
1904 — Oran,  Salta;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — Cerro  de 
Tafi  Viejo. 

Phylloscartes  ventralis  angustirostris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  321,  1906 — 
Yungas,  Simacu  and  Samaipata  (Bolivia),  Chachapoyas  (Peru),  and  Tucu- 
man (crit.,  range);  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  486,  1907  (crit.);  HARTERT  and 
VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  195,  1909 — Tafi  Viejo,  Quebrada  de  las  Piedras, 
Villa  Nougues,  and  San  Pablo,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  326,  1910 — part,  Oran,  Tucuman,  Catamarca; 
DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  292,  1919 — Tucuman  (nest  and  eggs  descr.); 
GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
117,  p.  92,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  Valley;  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  32,  p.  183,  1925 — Yungas  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  zone  of  Peru  (from  Dept.  Amazonas  south), 
Bolivia  (depts.  La  Paz,  Cochabamba,  and  Santa  Cruz),  and  north- 
western Argentina  (prov.  Salta,  Tucuman,  Catamarca  and  La  Rioja). 

9:  Peru  (ten  miles  east  of  Molinopampa,  Dept.  Amazonas  2; 
Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  3);  Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucuman  4). 

Phylloscartes  ventralis  flavovirens  ( Lawrence) b.  YELLOW-GREEN  PHYL- 
LOSCARTES. 

•  Phylloscartes  ventralis  angustirostris  (LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  :  Similar 
to  P.  v.  ventralis,  but  somewhat  duller  green  above,  the  forehead  decidedly  tinged 
with  grayish;  wing  bands  on  average  slightly  wider;  lower  parts  rather  paler  yellow; 
upper  throat  (or  chin)  more  whitish;  size  generally  larger.  Wing  (male)  55-58, 
(female)  50-53;  tail  52-59;  bill  (average)  n. 

Birds  from  Peru  are  apparently  inseparable  from  those  of  more  southern  localities. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Chachapoyas  i,  Molinopampa  2,  Chinchao  3. 
Bolivia:  Yungas  of  La  Paz  (the  type)  i,  Simacu  i,  Songo,  Dept.  La  Paz  2,  Samaipata 
3.  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman:  Quebrada  de  las  Piedras  2,  San  Pablo  i,  Villa 
Nougues  i,  Cerro  de  Tucuman  i,  near  Tucuman  3,  Concepcion  4. 

b  Phylloscartes  ventralis  flavovirens  (LAWRENCE)  :  The  type  (and  only  known 
specimen)  resembles  P.  v.  angustirostris,  but  the  throat  is  a  little  more 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Leptopogon  flavovirens  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  472,  1862 — 
Panama  Railroad  (type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  examined) ; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  119,  1888 — Panama  (ex  LAWRENCE); 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  25,1888  (ex  LAW- 
RENCE); RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  467,  1907 — Panama. 

Range:     Panama  (near  Panama  City). 

Phylloscartes  ventralis  virescens  Todd*.   GREENISH  PHYLLOSCARTE  s. 

Phyttoscartes  virescens  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  38,  p.  95,  1925 — Pied  Saut, 
Oyapock,  French  Guiana  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined). 

Range :    French  and  British  Guiana. 

Phylloscartes  paulistus  Ihering  and  Iheringb.    SAN  PAULO   PHYLLO- 
SCARTES. 

Phylloscartes  paulista  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i.  p.  272,  1907 — 
Fazenda  Cayod,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  (type)  and  Victoria  do 
Botucatu,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9, 
pi.  4,  fig.  sup.,  1914. 

Leptotriccus  paulista  BERTONI,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  17,  p.  222,  1913 — northeast- 
ern Paraguay;  idem,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  interior  of  State  of  Sao  Paulo 
(Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Paranapanema  and  Victoria  do  Botucatu),  and 
Paraguay  (Puerto  Bertoni,  Alto  Parana). 

yellowish,  with  but  little  whitish  suffusion  on  the  chin,  while  the  pale  yellowish 
markings  on  the  innermost  secondaries  (tertials)  are  more  extensive,  forming 
distinct  edges  along  the  greater  part  of  the  outer  web  instead  of  restricted  apical 
spots.  If  the  type  is  correctly  sexed  as  male,  this  form  would  appear  to  be 
somewhat  smaller,  too.  Wing  54,  tail  50,  bill  12. 

•  Phylloscartes  ventralis  virescens  TODD:  Nearly  allied  to  P.  v.  ventralis,  but  larger; 
upper  parts  much  darker,  dull  olive  green  instead  of  yellowish  green ;  wing  bands  some- 
wnat  wider  and  decidedly  paler,  almost  whitish  yellow;  pale  outer  margin  of  inner- 
most tertial  reaching  almost  to  the  base  instead  of  being  limited  to  an  apical  spot; 
lores  and  orbital  region  more  whitish ;  under  parts  much  paler,  sulphur  yellow  instead 
of  deep  olive  yellow.  Wing  (five  males)  57-59,  (one  female)  51;  tail(  male)  54, 
54,  56,  60,  (female)  47;  tarsus  15-17;  bill  io#-i2. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  4.  British  Guiana: 
Rockstone,  Essequibo  River  i,  Potaro  Landing  i. 

b  Phylloscartes  paulistus  IHERING  and  IHERING:  Superficially  resembling  P.  v. 
ventralis,  but  upper  parts  of  a  lighter,  purer  green;  yellowish  frontal  band  and  super- 
ciliaries  much  more  conspicuous  and  of  a  brighter  tone;  dusky  auricular  patch  more 
pronounced;  chin  and  throat  deep  yellow  like  the  belly,  not  suffused  with  whitish; 
upper  wing-coverts  and  inner  secondaries  without  distinct  yellow  apical  spots,  the 
innermost  tertiary  quill  only  edged  with  yellowish  along  the  outer  web;  wing  and 
tail  shorter;  legs  and  feet  much  weaker  and  flesh  color;  bill  slenderer.  Wing  (male) 
50,  (female)  46;  tail  46,  (female)  44^;  tars.  1^-15^;  bill  9-9>£- 

This  species,  to  a  certain  extent,  bridges  the  gap  between  the  genera  Phylloscartes 
and  Leptotriccus,  approaching  the  latter  in  the  slender  tarsus  and  toes,  the  absence 
of  yellow  markings  on  the  wings,  and  also  in  the  pattern  of  the  innermost  tertial. 
In  shape  of  bill  and  wings,  but  slightly  elongated  crown  feathers  and  general  colora- 
tion, however,  it  more  nearly  agrees  with  Phylloscartes. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Sao  Paulo:  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio 
Paranapanema  (the  type)  i,  Victoria  do  Botucatu  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  353 

Phylloscartes  pammictus  (Oberholser)*.  OBERHOLSER'S  PHYLLOSCARTES. 
Hemil-iccus  pammictus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  35,  p.  64,  1902 — 
South  America  =Rio  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  examined). 

Range:    Southeastern  Brazil  (Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Phylloscartes  oustaleti  (Sdater)b.   OUSTALET'S  PHYLLOSCARTES. 

Leptopogon  oustaleti  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  47,  pi.  9,  fig.  2 — "Bogota," 
errore  =  Corcovado,  Prov.  Rio  de  Janeiro0  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 

•  Phylloscartes  pammictus  (OBERHOLSER)  :  Similar  to  P.  v.  ventralis  in  wing  mark- 
ings (two  light  yellow  cross  bands,  formed  by  the  tips  of  the  median  and  greater 
wing  coverts,  and  large  apical  spots  of  yellowish  white  on  outer  web  of  tertials)  and 
coloration  of  sides  of  head  (distinct,  though  yellowish  rather  than  white  supraloral 
streak;  dusky  anteocular  spot;  pale  olive  yellow  auriculars,  with  suggestion  of  a 
dusky  olive  patch  on  posterior  portion);  but  upper  parts  more  yellowish  green 
(serpentine  rather  than  olive  green),  and  under  parts,  except  on  throat  and  sides, 
where  they  are  but  little  paler  yellow  than  in  P.  v.  ventralis,  dingy  white,  obsoletely 
flammulated  with  pale  brownish  buff  and  pale  yellowish  on  chest;  tail  relatively 
shorter;  tarsi  and  toes  much  more  slender  and  weaker,  flesh  color  instead  of  blackish. 
Wing  (the  unsexed  type)  50;  tail  47;  tarsus  15^;  bill  10. 

The  type,  a  skin  of  the  well-known  "Rio"  make  was,  no  doubt,  obtained  some- 
where in  the  vicinity  of  the  Brazilian  capital.  In  proportions  and  delicate  feet  this 
species  obviously  agrees  with  P.  paulistus  (although  direct  comparison  has  not  been 
possible),  but  differs  markedly  by  the  whitish  (instead  of  yellow)  median  under 
parts  and  the  possession  of  large  pale  yellow  apical  spots  on  wing-coverts  and  ter- 
tials, not  to  mention  several  minor  features.  Shape  and  coloration  of  bill  (lower 
mandible  pale  with  dusky  apical  portion)  as  well  as  wing  formula  and  form  of  rec- 
trices  are  essentially  the  same  as  in  P.  ventralis,  as  far  as  this  can  be  ascertained 
from  the  unique  type  specimen  which  is  in  rather  poor  state  of  preservation. 

b  Phylloscartes  oustaleti  (SCLATER)  :  Upper  parts  light  dull  olivaceous  green ; 
wing  coverts,  quills,  and  rectrices  dusky,  edged  with  color  of  back;  the  innermost 
tertial  with  suggestion  of  a  yellowish  apical  spot;  frontal  edge  and  lores  pale  yellow- 
ish, the  latter  tipped  with  dusky;  cheeks  and  auriculars  pale  yellow  (slightly  deeper 
than  lores),  posterior  portion  of  auriculars  occupied  by  a  large  semi-lunar  patch  of 
blackish,  succeeded  by  a  pale  yellow  stripe;  broad  orbital  ring  bright  yellow,  widening 
posteriorly  into  a  somewhat  paler  postocular  spot;  malar  region  olive,  tipped  with 
paler;  under  parts  pale  olive  yellowish,  tinged  with  grayish  olive  on  chest  and  sides; 
axillars,  under  wing  coverts,  and  edge  of  wing  pale  yellow,  inner  margin  of  remiges 
whitish;  tarsus  and  toes  flesh  color;  bill  blackish  brown,  lower  mandible  yellowish 
white.  Wing  61-64;  tail  59-63;  tarsus  17-18;  bill  \\%-\2%. 

The  generic  position  of  this  well-marked  species  is  somewhat  uncertain.  In 
general  structure  it  agrees  pretty  closely  with  P.  ventralis,  but  the  markings  on  the 
sides  of  the  head  suggest  affinities  to  Leptopogon,  while  the  light-colored  mandible 
recalls  Pogonotriccus.  The  lack  of  conspicuous  markings  on  the  wing  and  the  flesh- 
colored  feet  bring  it  into  the  neighborhood  of  P.  paulistus  which,  however,  is  a  much 
smaller  bird  with  much  deeper  yellow  under  parts. 

Material  examined. — In  addition  to  the  type,  there  is  a  second  specimen  in  the 
Paris  Museum,  secured  by  Me"n6tries  in  1824  near  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  a  third  exam- 
ple, likewise  from  Rio,  now  in  the  Vienna  Museum,  I  purchased  from  a  dealer  at 
Paris.  The  Munich  Museum  possesses  an  adult  male,  obtained  by  J.  Lima  at  Alto 
da  Serra,  Est.  Sao  Paulo,  on  August  23,  1904,  and  received  in  exchange  from  Dr.  H. 
von  Ihering,  and  a  fifth  specimen  (from  Iguape",  Sao  Paulo)  was  forwarded  for  my 
inspection  by  the  Museu  Paulista. 

8  Although  the  type  is  without  original  label,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  it  was 
obtained  near  Rio  de  Janeiro  by  the  French  naturalist  Galot.  The  Paris  Museum 
has  a  number  of  skins  showing  the  same  peculiar  "make"  as  the  type,  marked 
"Corcovado,  Bre'sil,  1827.  M.  Galot." 


354  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  118,  1888 — "Colombia";  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  6,  p.  349,  1905 — Iguape",  S§o  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  277,  1907 — Iguap6  and  Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 

Phylloscartes  oustaleti  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  486,  1907  (crit.). 

Range :    Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Corcovado) 
and  Sao  Paulo  (Iguape",  Alto  da  Serra). 

Phylloscartes   difficilis   (Ihering  and  Ihering)*.     IHERING'S   PHYLLO- 
SCARTES. 

Guracava  difficilis  IHERING  and  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  270,  1907 — 
Campos  do  Itatiaya,  Brazil  (type  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  9, 
pi.  4,  fig.  inf.,  1914. 

Hemitriccus  diops  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  185,  1899 
— Alto  da  Serra,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined) ;  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus. 
Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  24,  p.  254,  1923 — Retiro  do  Ramos  and  Caminho  do 
Couto,  Itatiaya. 

Hemitriccus  vilis  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  270,  1902 
— part,  Alto  da  Serra  (spec,  examined). 

Musciphaga  diops  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  183,  1906 — Caminho  do  Couto,  Itatiaya. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Serra  do 
Itatiaya)  and  Sao  Paulo  (Alto  da  Serra,  Serra  do  Mar). 

Genus  CAPSIEMPIS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Capsiempis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  56,  1859 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  M uscicapa  flaveola  LICHTENSTEIN. 

a  Phylloscartes  difficilis  (IHERING  and  IHERING)  :  Nearly  related  to  P.  v.  ventralis, 
but  upper  parts  of  a  much  brighter  oily  green;  wing  coverts  and  inner  secondaries 
margined  with  the  color  of  the  back,  without  trace  of  the  well-defined  pale  yellow 
apical  spots;  supra-loral  streak  much  broader  and  more  whitish;  markings  on  sides 
of  head  very  similar,  but  the  pale  mottling  and  streaking  white  instead  of  pale  yellow; 
throat  and  breast  pale  grayish,  mottled  with  white»  passing  into  creamy  white  on 
the  abdomen;  sides  of  breast  and  flanks  washed  with  light  greenish;  under  tail- 
coverts  pale  yellow ;  lower  mandible  blackish,  with  basal  half  only  horn  color.  Sexes 
alike  in  coloration.  Wing  (male)  55-57.  (female)  50-52;  tail  56-58,  (female)  50-53; 
bill  lo-n. 

On  careful  reexamination,  I  am  unable  to  separate  this  bird  generically  from 
Phylloscartes.  The  only  structural  differences  I  can  find  are  the  slightly  longer,  less 
rigid  rictal  bristles,  the  more  strongly  ridged  culmen,  and  the  slightly  weaker  (slen- 
derer) legs  and  feet.  In  this  last-named  character,  P.  paulistus,  which  agrees  with 
P.  difficilis  in  the  absence  of  yellow  markings  on  the  wings,  is  even  more  divergent. 

An  immature  specimen,  obtained  by  H.  Pinder  on  July  21,  1898,  at  Alto  da  Serra 
(Serra  do  Mar),  State  of  Sao  Paulo  (Museu  Paulista,  No.  128)  agrees  with  the  type 
in  coloration,  but  is  smaller  in  all  dimensions.  It  was  at  first  referred  by  Ihering 
to  H.  vilis  (=  diops). 

Material  examined. — Rio  de  Janeiro:  Campos  do  Itatiaya  (type  of  species)  i, 
Serra  do  Itatiaya  3.  Sao  Paulo:  Alto  da  Serra  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  355 

*Capsiempis  flaveola  flaveola  (Lichtenstein} .  YELLOW  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  fiaveola  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  56,  1823 — Bahia. 

Platyrhynchus  ftaviventer  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  12,  pi.  15,  fig.  i,  1825 — Rio  de 
Janeiro  (type  in  Munich  Museum  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  645,  1906  (crit.). 

Tyrannula  modesta  SWAINSON,  Orn.  Draw.,  Part  4,  pi.  48,  1836  (?) — no  locality 
given. 

Muscicapa  ventralis  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  53,  1837 — Guarayos,  Bolivia  (spec,  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  ventralis  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  328,  1839 — 
Guarayos. 

Muscipeta  flaveola,  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  488,  1856 — Novo 
Friburgo. 

Phylloscartes  ventralis  (errore)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  577 
— Mexiana  Isl.  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Cat.  Strickl.  Coll.,  p.  304,  1882 — 
Rio  Tocantins. 

Capsiempis  flaveola  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  104,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro  and 
Sapitiba  (Rio),  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  and  Goyaz  (spec,  examined);  REIN- 
HARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  349 — Lapa  Vermelha  and 
Rio  de  Janeiro;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  120,  1888 — part,  spec,  g-o,  Cayenne,  Mexiana, 
Bahia,  Bolivia;  (?)  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo, 
Rio;  (?)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  41,  1902 — Caicara,  Capu- 
chin, Maipures,  and  Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco,  and  La  Pricion,  Caura,  Venezuela; 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  x,  p.  277,  1907 — Jaboticabal,  Rincao,  and  Bebe- 
douro  (Sao  Paulo),  Bahia,  Espirito  Santo,  and  Puerto  Bertoni  (Paraguay); 
RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  469,  1907 — part;  BERTONI, 
Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p. — [sep.  p.  4] — Alto  Parana;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool., 
J5»  P-  I33»  I9°8 — Approuague,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56, 
p.  501,  1908 — Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  526,  1908 — Arumatheua, 
Rio  Tocantins;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  582 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  405,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  Rio  Iriri 
(Santa  Julia),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Goyana),  Rio  Maecuru,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda 
(Faro);  (?)  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  226,  1916 — Orinoco 
valley  from  Las  Barrancas  in  the  delta  to  above  the  falls  of  Maipures;  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  175,  1921 — Takutu  Mts.,  British  Guiana. 

Capsiempis  flaveola  flaveola  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No. 
3,  p.  645,  1906  (range,  char.,);  idem,  I.e.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  106,  119,  1912 — Faz. 
Nazareth,  Mexiana;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  186,  1925 — Guarayos,  Bolivia 
(crit.);  (?)  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  164,  1912 
— San  Esteban,  Venezuela. 

Range:    Brazil,  from  the  confines  of  Guiana  south  to  Goiaz,  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  and  Sao  Paulo;  Paraguay;  eastern  Bolivia  (Guarayos);  British 


356  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

and  French  Guiana;  (?)  Venezuela  (Cumanacoa,  Bermudez;  Orinoco- 
Caura  basin;  San  Esteban,  Carabobo)*. 

2:    Brazil  (Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  2). 

Capsiempis  flaveola  magnirostris    Hartertb.    LARGE-BILLED  YELLOW 
TYRANT. 

Capsiempis  flaveola  magnirostris  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool,  5,  p.  487,  1898 — Chimbo, 
Ecuador  (type  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  646,  1906  (crit.). 

Capsiempis  flaveola  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z. 
S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  554 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  90 — Yaguachi;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  120,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  Babahoyo. 

Capsiempis  flaveola  subsp.  magnirostris  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  7,  1899 — Balzar. 

Range:  Southwestern  Ecuador,  in  Province  of  Guayas  (Chimbo, 
Yaguachi,  Babahoyo,  Balzar)0. 

*Capsiempis  flaveola  leucophrys  Berlepsch*.    WHITE-LORED  YELLOW 
TYRANT. 

Capsiempis  leucophrys  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  360,  1907 — Bogota  (type  ex- 
amined). 

•  Birds  from  eastern  Bolivia  (Guarayos)  are  apparently  the  same  as  those  from 
Brazil,  and  a  single  specimen  from  French  Guiana  (Rio  Approuague)  does  not  seem 
to  differ  either.  The  inhabitants  of  Venezuela  are  difficult  to  allocate.  They  are 
decidedly  larger  (wing  52^-56,  against  45-51)  and  have  a  stronger  bill,  agreeing  in 
proportions  with  C.  f.  leucophrys,  but  the  superciliaries  and  chin  are  not  so  whitish 
as  in  the  latter,  though  paler  than  in  typical  flaveola.  In  coloration  they  come  pretty 
close  to  C.  f.  magnirostris,  but  have  longer  wings  and  tail.  More  satisfactory  material 
might  lead  to  their  separation. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  i,  Victoria  2;  Goyaz  i;  Rio 
de  Janeiro  3 ;  Bahia  7 ;  Mexiana  2 ;  Rio  Branco  2.  French  Guiana:  Rio  Approuague  i. 
Bolivia:  Guarayos  2.  Venezuela:  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco  i;  San  Esteban,  Carabobo  2. 

b  Capsiempis  flaveola  magnirostris  HARTERT:  Similar  in  size  to  C.  f.  flaveola 
except  for  its  larger  bill;  frontal  edge  and  superciliaries  paler  yellowish.  Wing 
(male)  51,  (female)  48;  tail  46-48;  bill  12. 

Two  specimens  from  Chimbo  examined. 

aThe  late  Count  Berlepsch  (Ornis,  14,  p.  361,  1917)  refers  a  Bogota  skin  in  his 
collection  to  C.  f.  magnirostris,  but  on  comparison  I  find  it  closely  similar  to  a  speci- 
men from  Caicara,  Orinoco  and  am  inclined  to  classify  it  with  the  doubtful  Venezuelan 
race.  It  might  have  been  obtained  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Colombian  Andes, 
around  Villavicencio,  where  we  meet  with  a  number  of  Orinocan  forms. 

d  Capsiempis  flaveola  leucophrys  BERLEPSCH:  Nearest  to  C.  f.  magnirostris,  but 
decidedly  larger;  frontal  edge,  supraloral  streak,  and  chin  pure  white.  Wing  (male) 
54-58#,  (female)  51-53;  tail  50-56;  bill  12. 

Specimens  from  Orope  and  Fundaci6n  are  not  quite  so  white  on  the  chin  as 
Bogota  skins. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  (including  the  type)  26,  Fundaci<5n  2. 
Venezuela:  Orope  2. 


1 92 7.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  357 

Capsiempis  flaveola  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p. 
120,  1888 — part,  spec,  c,  d,  Bogota. 

Capsiempis  flaveola  leucophrys  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p. 
450,  1917 — Chicoral,  Magdalena  Valley;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  356,  1922 — Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Fundaci6n,  base  of  Santa 
Marta  Mountains,  south  to  Honda,  Magdalena  Valley;  common  in 
native  "Bogota"  collections)  and  adjacent  Venezuela  (Orope,  Rio 
Zulia,  Prov.  Zulia). 

2:    Venezuela  (Orope,  Zulia  2). 

*Capsiempis  flaveola  semiflava  (Lawrence)*.    LAWRENCE'S  YELLOW 
TYRANT. 

Elainea  ^emiflava  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  "1865,"  p.  177, 
1867 — David,  Chiriqui;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  182,  1867 — Greytown,  Nicaragua; 
SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3°9  (crit.). 

Capsiempis  flaveola  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  120,  1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  28,  1888 — part,  Nicaragua  and  Panama;  RICHMOND,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  505,  1893 — Greytown  and  Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua 
(habits);  CHERRIE,  Expl.  Zool.  Costa  Rica,  1890 — 91,  p.  32,  1893 — Boruca 
and  Buenos  Aires,  Costa  Rica;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  21, 
1900 — Loma  del  Leon,  Panama;  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
46,  p.  218,  1906 — Sabana  of  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  469,  1907 — part,  Central  American  references  and  localities;  CAR- 
RIKER, Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  709,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits,  nest  and 
eggs  descr.);  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  317,  1924 — Farfan  and  Corozal,  Panama. 

Capsiempis  flavicola  (lapsu)  LANTZ,  Trans.  Kansas  Ac.  Sci.,  16,  p.  223,  1899 — 
San  Juan,  Costa  Rica. 

Capsiempis  flaveola  semiflava  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22, 
No.  3,  p.  646,  1906  (char.,  range). 

Range :    Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Panama,  east  to  the  Canal  Zone. 
4:    Costa  Rica  (Buenos  Aires  2,  El  General  i);  Panama  (Colon  i). 

Genus  EUSCARTHMUS  Wied". 

•  Capsiempis  flaveola  semiflava  (LAWRENCE)  :  Very  similar  to  C.  /.  magnirostris, 
but  with  slenderer  bill;  upper  parts  paler  and  brighter  green;  yellow  of  under  parts 
paler. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica  13;  Chiriqui  i;  Colon,  Panama  i. 

b  The  systematic  position  of  the  genus  is  quite  uncertain.  Its  taxaspidean  tarsus 
would  seem  to  exclude  it  from  the  Tyrannidae,  but  color  pattern,  particularly  the 
rufous  crown  patch  points  to  relationships  in  this  family.  Its  actions  are  described 
as  Flycatcher  like.  Mr.  Ridgway  suggests  Formicariine  affinities.  Without  anatomi- 
cal investigation  it  will  be  difficult  to  satisfactorily  decide  the  question. 


358  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Euscarthmus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  945,  1831 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY*,  1840,  p.  32)  Euscarthmus  meloryphus  WIED. 

Lepturus  SWAINSON,  Nat.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10,  (Flycatchers),  p.  179,  May  1838 — type 
by  monotypy  Lepturus  ruficeps  SWAINSON = Euscarthmus  meloryphus  WIED. 

Leptocercus  CABANIS  in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  164,  1846 — new  name  for 
Lepturus  SWAINSON. 

Hapalocercus  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  254,  1847 — new  name  for  Lep- 
tocercus CABANIS. 

^Euscarthmus  meloryphus  meloryphus  Wied.  RUFOUS-CROWNED  PYGMY 
TYRANT. 

Sylvia  ruficapittus  (not  Sylvia  ruficapilla  LATHAM  1790)  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet. 
Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  xx,  p.  179,  1818 — based  <an  Azara,  No.  164,  Paraguay. 

Euscarthmus  meloryphus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  947,  1831 — bound- 
ary line  of  Minas  Geraes  and  Bahia;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  493,  1856 — Bahia;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  351 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes. 

Lepturus  ruficeps  SWAINSON,  Nat.  Libr.,  Orn.,  10  (Flycatchers),  p.  181,  pi.  20, 
1838 — no  locality  given,  presumably  Brazil. 

Hapalocercus  paulus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  96,  1899 — Chirua 
(type),  La  Concepcion,  and  San  Miguel,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Serphophaga  cinnamocephala  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Paraguay,  p.  125,  1901 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay. 

Hapalocercus  meloryphus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Ypanema,  Sao 
Paulo  and  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  WYATT, 
Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — Bucaramanga;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  93, 
1888 — Ypanema  and  Bahia,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 
p.  230,  1889 — note  on  type;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  333,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto 
Grosso;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402, 
1890 — Cordoba;  EULER,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  41,  1900  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ; 
BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  40,  1902 — Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio 
Orinoco  (spec,  examined);  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — Tucu- 
man;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  I,  p.  273,  1907 — Rio  Feio,  Salto  Grande  do 
Rio  Paranapanema,  Sao  Jos6  do  Rio  Pardo,  Avanhandava,  and  Bebedouro  (Sao 
Paulo),  Vargem  Alegre  (Minas  Geraes);  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl. 
Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  72,  1910 — Queimadas  and  above  Pintados,  Rio 
Parnahyba,  Piauhy;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  328,  1910 — 
Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Salta;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Encarnaci6n, 
Paraguay;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  286,  1916 — Ciudad 
Bolivar,  Venezuela;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  444,  1917 — 
Chicoral,  Magdalena  Valley;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — 
Santa  Elena,  Entrerios. 

Hapalocercus  fulviceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4, 
P-  53i  1892 — Carupano,  Bermudez. 

•Cabanis  (in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  164,  1846)  designated  the  same 
species  as  genotype  of  Euscarthmus. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  359 

Hapalocercus  meloryphus  meloryphus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16, 
P-  195,  *9°9 — Arenal,  Salta;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  375,  1922 — Don  Diego,  Pueblo  Viejo,  and  Fonseca,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Hapalocercus  meloryphus  paulus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  487,  1907 — Bogota. 

Euscarthmus  meloryphus  meloryphus  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  289,  1926 — Las  Palmas,  Chaco. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Entrerios,  Cordoba,  Chaco, 
Tucuman,  and  Salta) ;  Paraguay;  eastern  Bolivia;  Brazil  (from  Sao  Paulo 
and  Matto  Grosso  north  to  Bah:  a,  Piauhy  and  Maranhao) ;  Venezuela 
(El  Callao,  Rio  Yuruari;  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Orinoco;  Cumana  and  Carti- 
pano,  Bermudez;  Caracas);  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region;  Buca- 
ramanga;  Chicoral,  Magdalena  Valley;  "Bogota")8. 

15:  Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucuman  i);  Brazil  (Macaco  Secco, 
near  Andarahy,  Bahia  i;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  2,  Arara,  Piauhy  5;  Tran- 
queira,  Maranhao  3;  Descalvados,  Matto  Grosso  i);  Venezuela  (Car- 
acas 2). 

*Euscarthmus  meloryphus  fulviceps  Sdaterb.   FULVOUS-HEADED  PYGMY 
TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  fulviceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  497 — Babahoyo,  Ecuador 
(type)  and  ten  miles  from  Lima,  Peru;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  325 — 
Tumbez;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Chepen  and  Callacate. 

Hapalocercus  fulviceps  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  235,  1884 — Tumbez,  Chep- 
en, Callacate,  Guadalupe,  Nancho,  Peru;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  94,  1888 — Babahoyo,  Puna  Isl.,  and  Lima;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  n, 
*%95 — Vina  (Huamachuco)  and  Malca,  Cajabamba  (spec,  examined); 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  486,  1898 — Chimbo. 

Hapalocercus  meloryphus  fulviceps  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  487,  1907  (crit.); 
BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  452,  1918 — Perico,  Peru. 

•  In  specimens  from  Venezuela  and  Colombia  (paulus),  the  sides  of  the  head  are, 
as  a  rule,  slightly  more  tinged  with  fulvous,  while  the  tail  averages  shorter,  but  the 
divergency  appears  too  inconstant  to  warrant  their  segregation.  Certain  examples 
from  Colombia  approach  the  Ecuadorian  fulviceps  by  having  an  indication  of  buffy 
tips  to  the  wing-coverts. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Tucuman  2.  Brazil:  Descalvados  i,  Engenho 
do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  i,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  3;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas 
Geraes  i ;  Bahia  2 ;  Villa  Nova,  Bahia  i ;  Macaco  Secco,  Bahia  i ;  Piauhy  7 ;  Mar- 
anhao 3.  Venezuela:  El  Callao,  Rio  Yuruari  2,  Ciudad  Bolivar  i,  Caracas  2, 
Cumand  i.  Colombia:  "Bogota"  12,  Santa  Marta  region  10. 

b  Euscarthmus  meloryphus  fulviceps  SCLATER:  Differs  from  E.  m.  meloryphus  by 
the  much  smaller  (and  generally  lighter)  tawny  coronal  patch  being  more  or  less 
concealed  by  the  brownish  apical  portion  of  the  feathers;  brighter  cinnamon  buff 
sides  of  the  head,  and  by  the  buffy  tips  to  the  median  and  greater  upper  coverts 
forming  two  conspicuous  bars  across  the  wing.  Wing  45-48;  tail  38-43. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  2,  Balzar  2.  Peru:  Chepen  i,  Trujillo  i, 
Vifia  (Huamachuco)  4,  Malca  (Cajabamba)  2,  Hacienda  Limon,  west  of  Balsas  2. 


360  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Poecilotriccus  rufigenis  (errore)  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
14,  No.  362,  p.  5,  1899 — Vinces  and  Balzar,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

Range :    Western  Ecuador  (Babahoyo,  Vinces,  Balzar,  Chimbo)  and 
western  Peru  (from  Tumbez  south  to  Lima;  upper  Marafion  Valley). 
2 :     Peru  (Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  west  of  Balsas  2). 

*Euscarthmus    rufomarginatus    (Pelzeln}*.      RUFOUS-EDGED    PYGMY 

TYRANT. 

Hapalocercus  rufomarginatus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  174,  1868 — Calzao 
do  Couro  and  Rio  das  Pedras,  northern  Sao  Paulo  (types  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  274,  1907  (ex  Pelzeln);  REISER, 
Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  72,  1910 — Corrientes,  Rio 
Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Range:    Brazil,  in  states  of  Sao  Paulo  (Calzao  do  Couro,  Rio  das 
Pedras),  Piauhy  (Corrientes,  Rio  Parnahyba),  and  Maranhao  (Ponto). 
i:    Brazil  (Ponto,  Canella,  Maranhao  i). 

Genus  PSEUDOCOLOPTERYX  Lillo". 

Pseudocolopteryx  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — type  by  monotypy 

Pseudocolopteryx  dinellianus  LILLO. 
Pseudocolopterus  BERLEPSCH,  Orm's,  14,  p.  487,  1907 — emendation. 

Pseudocolopteryx  dinellianus    Lilloc.     DINELLI'S  SHARP-WINGED  TY- 
RANT. 

*  Euscarthmus  rufomarginatus  (PELZELN)  is  a  very  distinct  species.  In  structural 
characters,  such  as  shape  of  bill  and  taxaspidean  tarsus  it  agrees  with  the  genotype, 
but  the  tail,  composed  of  twelve  rectrices,  is  much  longer  and  more  strongly  gradu- 
ated. In  coloration,  it  differs  by  lacking  the  large  tawny  coronal  patch,  only  some 
of  the  median  crown  feathers  being  slightly  edged  with  cinnamomeous  near  the  base; 
more  rufescent  brown  upper  parts,  especially  on  the  rump;  by  having  the  median 
and  greater  wing-coverts  largely  tipped  with  deep  buff  or  ochraceous;  and  quite 
dissimilar  under  parts,  the  throat  alone  being  white,  while  the  remainder  is  pale 
yellow,  deepening  to  ochraceous  along  the  sides,  on  thighs  and  under  tail-coverts, 
not  unlike  Habrura  pectoralis.  Wing  42-44;  tail  48-54;  bill  10-11. 

The  birds  from  Maranhao  and  Piauhy  are  somewhat  duller  above  and  slightly 
paler  below,  with  less  ochraceous  on  the  chest,  than  the  typical  examples. 

Material  examined. — Sao  Paulo:  Rio  das  Pedras  2.  Calzao  do  Couro  i.  Piauhy: 
Corrientes  2.  Maranhao:  Ponto  i. 

b  Gray  (Cat.  Gen.  and  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  50,  1855)  designated  Alecturus  flaviven- 
tris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY  as  genotype  of  Myiosympotes  REICHENBACH  (Av. 
Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  65,  1850).  An  inspection  of  this  work,  however,  shows  at  a  glance 
that  Reichenbach's  drawings  of  the  head  and  tail  cannot  possibly  have  been  based 
on  the  species  in  question.  They  may  refer  to  either  Colopteryx  or  Lophotriccus,  but 
even  this  is  altogether  uncertain.  If  A .  flaviventris  and  H.  acutipennis  are  considered 
generically  distinct  from  the  type  of  Pseudocolopteryx,  they  would  require  a  new 
name.  As,  however,  the  peculiar  wing  structure  is  merely  a  sexual  character  of  the 
adult  male,  further  subdivision  of  the  genus  appears  to  me  unnecessary. 

0  Pseudocolopteryx  dinellianus  LILLO:  Most  nearly  related  to  P.  sclateri,  but 
crown  much  less  crested  and  plain  earthy  brown,  only  the  feathers  of  the  forehead 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  361 

Pseudocolopteryx  dinellianus  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — environs 
of  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  327,  1910 — Tucum&n. 

Hapalocercus  dinellianus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  321,  1906 — Tucuman 
(crit.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  195,  1909 — Tucuman. 

Pseudocolopterus  dinellianus  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  487,  1907 — Tucumdn 
(crit.). 

Range:    Northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucumdn). 

Pseudocolopteryx  sclateri  (Oustalet) .    SCLATER'S  SHARP-WINGED  TY- 
RANT. 

Anaeretes  sclateri  OUSTALET,  Nouv.  Arch.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  (3)  4,  p.  217, 

1892 — "  Chile,"  errore,  we  suggest  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (type  in  Paris  Museum 

examined;  =  o*  ad.). 
Hapalocercus  hollandi  SCLATER,  Ibis,  (7)  2,  p.  317,  1896 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios 

(type  in  British  Museum  examined;   =  9);  HOLLAND,  I.e.,  1897,  p.  167 — 

Santa  Elena;  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  53,  p.  204,  1903 — 

Pansecco,  Matto  Grosso  (descr.  male). 
Hapalocercus  striaticeps  SALVIN,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  7,  p.  XVI,  1897 — Annai,  Brit. 

Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  examined;   =cfad.);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 

Guiana,  2,  p.  165,  1921 — Abary  River  and  Annai,  Brit.  Guiana. 
Hapalocercus  flaviventris  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN,  Orn. 

Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Pansecco,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined.). 
Hapalocercus  sclateri  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  320,   1906 — Santa  Elena, 

Pansecco,  Ocampo  and  Mocovi,  Prov.  Santa  Fe  (crit. ;  descr.  d*  9 ,  range) ; 

HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  196,  1909 — Ocampo,  Mocovi,  and  Rio 

Amores,  Chaco  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  273, 

1907 — Argentina  (range). 

Hapalocercus  sclateri  striaticeps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  321,  1906 — Annai 
(crit.). 

Pseudocolopteryx  sclateri  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  327,  1910 — 
range  in  Argentina;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — Villa  Rica  and  Asun- 
ci6n;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  225,  1921 — Las  Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires 
(spec,  examined);  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Las  Rosas;  WETMORE,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  318,  1926 — Las  Palmas  (Chaco)  and  Riacho  Pilaga 
(Formosa),  Argentina. 

Pseudocolopteryx  sclateri  sclateri  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  336, 
1912 — Paso  Juvay,  Paraguay;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  646,  1924 — Rosas. 

narrowly  edged  with  rusty  buff;  back  much  duller  greenish,  without  dusky  mottling; 
orbital  region  and  auriculars  greenish  olive  instead  of  blackish.  Fourth  and  fifth 
primary,  in  the  male,  reduced  to  narrow,  lanceolate  feathers,  about  half  as  long  as 
wing,  exactly  as  in  P.  sclateri.  Wing  (six  adult  males)  46-48;  tail  47-52;  bill  10-11. 

In  structure,  this  species  is  somewhat  intermediate  between  P.  sclateri  and  P. 
flaviventris,  combining  the  peculiar  fourth  and  fifth  primary  of  the  former  with  the 
but  slightly  elongated  crown  feathers  of  the  latter.  I  am  not  acquainted  with  the 
female. 

Material  examined. — Tucuman  4,  Rio  Sali  2. 


362  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Eastern  Argentina,  in  provinces  of  Buenos  Aires  (Las 
Rosas),  Entrerios  (Santa  Elena),  Santa  Fe"  (Ocampo,  Mocovi,  San 
Vicente,  Rio  Amores;  Estancia  Buen  Retiro,  near  Galvez),  Chaco 
(Las  Palmas),  and  Formosa  (Riacho  Pilaga);  Paraguay  (Puerto  Pinasco, 
Rio  Paraguay;  Villa  Rica,  Asuncion,  Paso  Juvay);  Brazil,  in  State  of 
Matto  Grosso  (Pansecco);  British  Guiana  (Annai,  Abary  River); 
Island  of  Trinidad  (Caroni  Marshes)*. 

*Pseudocolopteryx  acutipennis  (Sclater  and  Salvin)b.    SHARP-WINGED 
TYRANT. 

Hapalocercus  acutipennis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  187 — 
Bogotd  (type)  and  Cosnipata,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Medellin,  Colom- 
bia; TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  236,  1884 — Cosnipata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  95,  1888 — Bogota,  Cosnipata;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ, 
Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Sierra  of  Cordoba;  SALVIN,  Nov. 
Zool.,  2,  p.  n,  1895 — Succha,  Huamachuco,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  361 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo;  idem,  Ornis, 
13,  p.  86,  1906 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley;  GOODFELLOW, 
Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — Santa  Carolina  Marshes,  just  outside  Quito  (spec,  ex- 
amined); LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  184,  1902 — Cumbre  de  la 
Hoyada,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — same  locality; 
HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  195,  1909 — La  Criolla,  Lagunita, 

•  Birds  from  British  Guiana  (strmticeps)  which,  in  an  earlier  communication 
(Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  321),  I  considered  to  be  perhaps  separable  on  account  of  the  light- 
colored  lower  mandible  of  the  type  from  Annai,  are  obviously  not  different  from 
typical  sclateri,  unless  they  be  very  slightly  smaller.  Two  adult  males,  one  from  the 
Abary  River,  Brit.  Guiana,  and  another  obtained  by  Gerald  Thayer  on  February 
1 8,  1914,  in  the  Caroni  Marshes,  Isl.  of  Trinidad  (American  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  No.  79043)  have  the  whole  bill  black,  like  those  from  Argentina. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  WING  TAIL 

Type  of  Anaeretes  sclateri  44  48 

One  from  Las  Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  43  47 

Fifteen  from  Prov.  Santa  F6  41-44  43-48 

One  from  Puerto  Pinasco,  Paraguay  42  44 

One  from  Pansecco,  Matto  Grosso  42  46 

Two  from  British  Guiana  41, 44  40,42 

One  from  Caroni,  Trinidad  41  40 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Las  Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  i ;  Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios  i.  Prov.  Santa  F6:  Ocampo  19,  San  Vicente  i,  Mocovi  i,  Rio  Amores  i, 
Est.  Buen  Retiro,  near  Galvez  (Munich  Museum,  No.  23.493,  o*  ad.,  April  20,  1923, 
Hans  Krieg).  Paraguay:  Puerto  Pinasco  2.  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Pansecco  2. 
British  Guiana:  Annai  i,  Abary  River  i.  Trinidad:  Caroni  Marshes  i. 

b  The  acumination  of  the  primaries,  carried  to  its  greatest  extent  in  the  sixth, 
seventh  and  eighth,  renders  this  species  easily  recognizable. 

I  cannot  detect  any  geographic  variation  in  coloration.  Specimens  from  the 
southern  part  of  the  range  appear  to  average  larger. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  3  (including  the  type).  Ecuador: 
Santa  Carolina  Marshes,  Quito  i.  Peru:  Huanuco  2,  Santa  Ana  i.  Bolivia:  La 
Paz  2.  Argentina:  Maimara,  Jujuy  2;  Cumbre  de  Raco,  Tucuman  2,  La  Criolla, 
Tucuman  2,  Lagunita,  Tucuman  i ;  Cuesta  Copina,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  i. 


1 92  7.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  363 

Cumbre  de  Raco,  and  Tafi  del  Valle,  Tucuman,  (spec,  examined) ;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  445,  1917 — Salento,  Colombia;  DINELLI, 
El  Hornero,  i,  p.  143,  1918 — Cerro  de  Raco  (Tucuman)  and  Jujuy  (nest  and 
and  eggs  descr.);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Myiosympotes  acutipennis  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  328,  1910 — 
La  Hoyada  and  Sierra  de  Cordoba;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  92,  1921 — Rio  San  Miguel,  Santa  Ana,  Idma,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Calca, 
Urubamba  region. 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  (Central  and  Eastern  Cordillera), 
Ecuador,  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  western  Argentina  (in  prov.  Jujuy,  Tucu- 
mdn,  La  Rioja,  and  Cordoba). 

4:     Peru  (Hudnuco  2);  Argentina  (Maimara,  Jujuy  2). 

*Pseudocolopteryx  flaviventris  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny)*.    REED- 
WARBLING  TYRANT. 

Alecturus  flaviventris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  55,  1837 — Corrientes  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Arundinicola  citreola  LANDBECK,  Arch.  Naturg.,  30  (i),  p.  58,  1864 — Mapocho 
Valley,  above  Santiago,  Chile;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  326 — Chile 
(crit.);  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  50,  pi.  27,  fig.  i,  1902 — 
Chile. 

Arundinicola  flaviventris  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  335,  pi.  36, 
fig.  i,  1839 — Montevideo  and  Corrientes. 

Euscarthmus  flaviventris  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  493,  1856 — 
Montevideo;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Parana  and  Mendoza; 
DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — Ri°  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes. 

Hapalocercus  flaviventris  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  456,  1861 — 
Mendoza  and  Parana;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  160 — 
Conchitas;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  159 — vicinity  of  Buenos  Aires;  idem, 
l.c.,  1877,  p.  34 — Chubut;  idem,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  177 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires; 
idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  60 — Buenos  Aires  (nest  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  395 — 
Chubut;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  605 — Rio  Lujan  and  Punta  Lara, 
Buenos  Aires;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  199,  1883 — Concepcion 
(Entrerios)  and  Carhu6  (Buenos  Aires);  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  x, 
p.  137,  1888 — Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  94, 
1888 — Buenos  Aires,  Rio  Negro,  Chubut,  Santiago  (Chile);  STEMPELMANN 
and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  HOLLAND, 
Ibis,  1893,  p.  486 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  KERR,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  225 — Para- 
guayan Chaco;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — vicinity  of  Tucu- 
man, Tafi;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  196,  1909 — Barracas  al 
Sud,  Buenos  Aires;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  116 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6,  Prov. 
Buenos  Aires;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1918,  p.  401 — Cape  San  Antonio  (nesting  habits); 

•  Hapalocercus  helviventris  CABANIS  (Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  351,  1847 — ''West 
Indies")  was  most  probably  based  upon  a  discolored  specimen  of  P.  flaviventris.  The 
type,  preserved  in  spirits,  has  unfortunately  disappeared. 


364  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo  and  Canelones,  Uru- 
guay; DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Las  Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  PEREYRA, 
I.e.,  3,  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr. 
Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  647,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Euscarthmus  (Hapalocercus)  flaviventris  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  2 — vicinity  of  Buenos  Aires. 

Hapalocercus  citreolus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  338 — Chile. 

Myi osympotes  flaviventris  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  328,  1910 — 
range  in  Argentina;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  393,  1916 — La  Plata;  REED,  Av. 
Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  36,  1916 — La  Puntilla,  Mendoza;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
32,  p.  188,  1925 — Corrientes  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  317,  1926 — Puerto  Pinasco  (Paraguay),  Las  Palmas  (Chaco),  Dolores 
and  Lavalle  (Buenos  Aires),  General  Roca  (Rio  Negro),  San  Vicente  (Uru- 
guay), and  Tunuyan  (Mendoza);  idem  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  451, 
1926 — Rio  Chubut,  below  Leleque,  Chubut. 

Range:  Uruguay;  northern  and  eastern  Argentina,  from  Tucuman 
and  the  Paraguayan  border  (Pilcomayo)  south  to  Mendoza,  Neuquen, 
Rio  Negro,  and  the  Chubut  River;  Chile,  from  Santiago  south  to 
Valdivia8. 

2:    Argentina  (Buenos  Aires  i);  Chile  (Rinihue,  Prov.  Valdivia  i). 

Genus  HABRURA  Cabanis  and  Heineb. 

Polystictus  (not  Polysticte  SMITH  1835)  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  67, 
1850 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (Gray,  1855,  p.  54)  "  Platyrhynchus"  minimus 
GOULD  —  Pachyrhamphus  minimus  DARWIN. 

Habrura  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  53,  1859 — new  name  for  Poly- 
stictus REICHENBACH. 

Habrura  pectoralis  pectoralis  (  Vieillof).   NARROW-TAILED  TYRANT. 

Sylvia  pectoralis  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  &L,  n,  p.  210,  1817 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  165,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  stramineo-ventris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  53,  1837 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32, 
p.  185,  1925  (crit). 

Muscicapara  stramineo-ventris  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amdr.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  327, 
1839 — Santa  Ana,  Chiquitos. 

»  Chilean  specimens,  including  two  of  Landbeck's  originals  from  Santiago,  do 
not  differ  in  coloration,  but  average  perhaps  slightly  larger. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Corrientes  i,  Buenos  Aires  4,  Barracas  al  Sud  3, 
La  Plata  i,  La  Picaza,  Neuquen  i.  Chile:  Santiago  2,  Rinihue  i,  unspecified  5. 

b  This  genus  is  likewise  of  doubtful  affinities.  While  Ridgway  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  339)  suggests  it  might  be  referable  to  the  Cotingidae,  Cherrie 
(Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  224,  1916)  is  inclined  to  leave  it  with  the  Fly- 
catchers. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  365 

Pachyrhamphus  minimus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  51,  pi.  15,  1839 — 
Montevideo,  Uruguay. 

Hapalura  minima  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  494,  1856 — Monte- 
video (spec,  examined);  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  197,  1878 — Sierra  of 
Cordoba. 

Hapalocercus  pectoralis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Calzao  do  Couro 
(Sao  Paulo)  and  Cuyaba  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Habrura  minima  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  460 — Cordoba;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  146,  1889  (crit.). 

Habrura  pectoralis  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  279 — Paysandti,  Uruguay  (spec,  ex- 
amined); SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  138,  1888 — Cordoba  (range 
excl.  Guiana);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  96,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c, 
Cordoba,  Paysandu,  Cuyaba;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  333, 
1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1893, 
p.  486 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  p.  178 — Santa  Elena,  Prov. 
Soriano,  Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10, 
1895 — Paraguari,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p. 
328,  1910 — Cordoba,  Entrerios,  Bahia  Blanca;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  579 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1914 — Paraguay. 

Hapalura  pectoralis  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 
p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Habrura  pectoralis  minima  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  196,  1909 — 
Bahia  Blanca,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires  and  La  Soledad,  Prov.  Entrerios  (spec, 
examined);  PEREYRA,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos 
Aires;  PETERS,  I.e.,  3,  p.  197,  1923 — Potrerillos,  Mendoza  (spec,  examined). 

Polystictus  pectoralis  minimus  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Uruguay; 
DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  268,  1922 — Las  Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI, 
Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  647,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Habrura  pectoralis  pectoralis  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  294, 
1926 — Las  Palmas,  Chaco  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Buenos  Aires,  Cordoba, 
Mendoza,  Chaco,  and  Entrerios);  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  eastern  Bolivia; 
southwestern  Brazil  (Matto  Grosso  and  northern  districts  of  Sao  Paulo) a. 

Habrura  pectoralis  brevipennis   Berlepsch  and   Hartertb.    NORTHERN 
NARROW-TAILED  TYRANT. 

•  Adult  males  from  eastern  Bolivia  (stramineoventris),  Paraguay,  Argentina,  and 
Uruguay  (minima)  agree  very  well  together,  having  the  pileum  broadly  streaked 
with  black  and  largely  white  at  the  base  while  the  upper  throat  and  sides  of  the  head 
always  show  a  varying  amount  of  black.  Birds  from  Brazil  possibly  never  get  so 
much  black  about  the  head.  I  have,  however,  seen  but  a  few  examples  and  these 
may  be  immature. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  5,  Buenavista  2.  Para- 
guay: Bernalcu6  (near  Asunci6n)  2,  Puerto  Pinasco  3.  Uruguay:  Paysandu  2, 
Montevideo  i.  Argentina:  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  3,  Bahia  Blanca,  Buenos  Aires  3, 
Parana  i,  Cordoba  i,  Potrerillos,  Mendoza  i.  Brazil:  Cuyaba  i,  Chapada,  Matto 
Grosso  4;  Calzao  do  Couro,  Sao  Paulo  2. 

b  Habrura  pectoralis  brevipennis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT:  Similar  to  H.  p. 
pectoralis,  but  considerably  smaller;  crown  feathers  less  elongated;  male  generally 


366  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Habrura  pectoralis  brevipennis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  40, 
1902 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco  (type  examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  224,  1916 — same  locality. 

Hapalocercus  pectoralis  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  293 — Roraima. 

Habrura  pectoralis  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  96,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-j, 
Roraima. 

Habrura  brevipennis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  166,  1921 — Roraima,  Upper 
Takutu  Mountains. 

Range:  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Upper  Takutu  Mts.)  and  south- 
ern Venezuela  (valleys  of  the  Orinoco  and  Caura  River). 

Habrura  pectoralis  bogotensis   Chapman*.    BOGOTA   NARROW-TAILED 
TYRANT. 

Habrura  pectoralis  bogotensis  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  34,  p.  646, 
1915 — Suba,  Bogota  Savannah,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  445,  1917 — Suba. 

Range:  Marshes  in  the  Temperate  Zone  of  Colombia  (Suba,  near 
Bogota;  Pavas,  La  Cumbre,  Valle). 

Habrura  superciliaris  (Wied)b.   SUPERCILIATED  TYRANT. 

with  less  black  on  cheeks  and  throat.    Wing  (male)  40-43  (against  46-50,  in  H.  p. 
pectoralis),  (female)  38-40  (against  43-45);  tail  33-38. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Roraima  10.  Venezuela:  Quiribana  de 
Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco  (the  type)  i,  Maripa,  Rio  Caura  2. 

•  Habrura  pectoralis  bogotensis  CHAPMAN:  Male  nearest  to  H.  p.  pectoralis  and 
about  the  same  size;  but  crown  feathers  much  more  elongated,  narrower,  and  with 
less  white  at  the  base;  back  much  more  tawny,  almost  concolor  with  the  rump; 
wing  bands  and  edges  to  remiges  deep  tawny  instead  of  tawny  ochraceous;  super- 
ciliaries  bright  buff,  not  pure  white;  sides  of  the  head  ochraceous  tawny,  narrowly 
streaked  with  dusky;  sides  of  body  much  deeper  ochraceous  tawny,  this  color  also 
invading  the  breast  and  leaving  only  the  throat  and  a  restricted  area  in  the  middle 
of  the  abdomen  yellow;  upper  throat  with  but  a  few  tiny  blackish  streaks.  Wing 
(one  adult  male)  47;  tail  43;  bill  9.  The  female— if  I  am  right  in  referring  a  specimen 
from  Pavas  to  bogotensis — is  apparently  indistinguishable  from  that  of  H.  p.  brevi- 
pennis (wing  41 ;  tail  33). 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Suba,  near  Bogota  i  (male);  Pavas,  La  Cumbre, 
Valle  (Carnegie  Museum)  i. 

b  Habrura  superciliaris  (WiED) :  Upper  parts  hair  brown  (rather  lighter  than 
Ridgway's  color,  pi.  46),  passing  into  a  more  grayish  tinge  on  the  pileum;  crown 
feathers  somewhat  lengthened,  with  a  mesial  stripe  of  black  and  white  at  the  base 
(like  Serpophaga  subcristata) ;  wing  coverts  dusky,  the  median  and  greater  series 
apically  edged  with  buffy  whitish,  suggesting  two  cross  bands;  remiges  dusky,  the 
secondaries  exteriorly  margined  with  buffy  whitish;  tail  dusky,  the  outermost  rectrix 
narrowly  edged  with  buffy  white  along  outer  web;  distinct  superciliary  streak  white; 
auriculars  paler  gray  than  crown;  under  parts  cinnamon,  passing  into  buffy  white  on 
abdominal  line  and  under  tail  coverts;  axillaries  and  quill-lining  cinnamon  buff. 
Wing  44-45;  tail  43;  bill  8-8^. 

As  pointed  out  by  the  late  J.  A.  Allen,  this  species  is  very  distinct  from  H.  pec- 
toralis and  may  not  even  be  congeneric.  In  fact,  it  is  quite  possible  that  it  should 
more  properly  be  referred  to  the  genus  Serpophaga.  Unfortunately,  the  poor  condi- 
tion of  the  types  (and  only  known  specimens)  does  not  allow  a  thorough  examination 
of  its  structural  characters. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  367 

Euscarthmus  superciliaris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  953,  1831 — Campos 
Geraes,  on  the  border  line  of  Minas  Geraes  and  Bahia  (types  examined). 

Habrura  superciliaris  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  145,  230,  1889 
(crit.). 

Range:  Eastern  Brazil  (campos  on  the  border  line  of  the  prov. 
Minas  Geraes  and  Bahia). 

Genus  CULICIVORA  Swainson. 

Culicivora  SWAINSON,  Zool.  Journ.,  3,  p.  359,  1827 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Muscicapa 

stenura  TEMMINCK  =  Muscicapa  caudacuta  VIEILLOT. 
Hapalura  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  252,  1847 — type  Muscicapa  stenura 

TEMMINCK. 

Culicivora  caudacuta  (  Vieillof).  WIRE-TAILED  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  caudacuta  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  21,  p.  455, 
1818 — based  on  Azara,  No.  277,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  stenura  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  28,  pi.  167,  fig.  3,  Nov. 
1822 — "Bre'sil,  coll.  Natterer"  =  Prov.  Sao  Paulo. 

Hapalura  stenura  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  494,  1856 — Brazil. 

Culicivora  stenura  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Ypanema,  Scaramuza, 
Itarare",  and  Rio  das  Pedras  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba  (Parana)  (spec,  examined) ; 
WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  605 — Itapua,  Misiones;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  139,  1888 — Itapua;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  97, 
1888 — Curytiba  and  Itarare";  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat:  Hist.,  4,  p.  333, 
1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  274,  1907 — 
Batataes,  Sao  Paulo;  BERTONI,  Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p.  —  (author's  Sep., 
p.  3) — Asunci6n;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  I,  p.  26,  1909 — Tacuarundi,  Prov. 
Santa  F6;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  196,  1909 — Mocovi  and 
Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  (spec,  examined);  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  580 — Sap- 
ucay,  Paraguay  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  329,  1910 — Misiones  and  Chaco;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  55,  1914 — 
Asunci6n. 

Range:  Southern  Brazil  (in  prov.  Sao  Paulo,  Parand,  and  Matto 
Grosso);  Paraguay;  eastern  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz); 
northeastern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Santa  Fe"  and  Misiones)*. 

Subfamily  SERPOPHAGINAE. 
Genus  TACHURIS  Lafresnaye. 

Tachuris  LAFRESNAYE,  ficho  du  Monde  Savant,  3,  and  divis.,  Sci.  nat.  et 
ggogr.,  No.  24,  p.  107,  June  12,  1836 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Regulus  omnicolor 
VIEILLOT  =  Sylvia  rubrigastra  VIEILLOT. 

•  Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  das  Pedras  i,  Itarare"  i,  Ypanema  2,  Scara- 
muza 2,  Curytiba  i.  Argentina:  Mocovi  2,  Ocampo  i.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  4. 
Bolivia:  Buenavista  i. 


368  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cyanotis  SWAINSON,  Classif.  Birds,  2,  p.  243,  July  1837 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Regu- 
lus  omnicolor  VIEILLOT. 

*Tachuris  rubrigastra  rubrigastra  (  Vieilloi).   MANY-COLORED  TYRANT. 

Sylvia  rubigastra  (err.  typ.)  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  n,  p. 
277,  1817 — based  on  Azara,  No.  161,  Paraguay  and  Buenos  Aires. 

Sylvia  rubrigastra  VIEILLOT,  Tabl.  enc.  me'th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  89,  p.  480,  1820 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  161. 

Regulus  azarae  NAUMANN,  Naturg.  Vog.  Deutschl.,  3,  tab.  to  p.  966,  1823 — 
Paraguay. 

Regulus  omnicolor  VIEILLOT  (and  OUDART),  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  271,  pi.  166, 
1824 — Rio  Grande,  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Brazil  (type  collected  by  Auguste 
de  Saint-Hilaire  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Tyrannulus  vieilloti  LEADBEATER,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.,  16,  Part  i,  p.  88, 
1829 — Chile. 

Regulus  byronensis  PIDGEON  in  Griffith,  Anim.  Kingd.,  7,  [=Aves,  2],  plate  to 
p.  42,  1829 — Chile. 

Tachuris  omnicolor  LAFRESNAYE,  Echo  du  Monde  Savant,  3,  2nd  divis.,  Sci.  nat. 
et  g6ogr.,  No.  24,  p.  107,  1836  (crit.);  idem  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in 
Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  55,  1837 — Buenos  Aires. 

Tachuris  rubrigastra  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  333,  1839 — 
Buenos  Aires. 

Cyanotis  omnicolor  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  86,  1839 — Maldonado,  Pata- 
gonia, and  Santiago;  FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  il,  p.  112,  1843 — Chile;  CASSIN 
in  Gilliss,  U.  S.  Astron.  Exp.,  2,  p.  186,  1855 — Chile;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  310,  1860 — Prov.  Santiago;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  34 
— Chubut;  idem,  I.e.,  1878,  p.  395 — Chubut;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol. 
Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  401,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Cyanotis  azarae  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  54,  1859 — "Bolivia"  and 
Chile;  PELZELN,  Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  i,  Vogel,  p.  64,  1865 — Chile;  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  327,  338 — Chile;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1869,  p. 
159 — Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  160 — Punta 
Lara,  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  177 — Baradero;  GIBSON,  I.e.,  1880, 
p.  32 — Buenos  Aires  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro, 
i,  Zool.,  p.  43,  1881 — Rio  Colorado  and  Rio  Negro;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1883,  p.  39 — Cosquin  (Cordoba)  and  La  Plata  (Buenos  Aires);  SALVIN,  I.e., 
p.  423 — Coquimbo;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  200,  1883 — Concep- 
tion (Entrerios),  Rio  Pigue"  and  Carhu6  (Buenos  Aires) ;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON, 
Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  142,  1888 — part,  La  Plata  and  Chile  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  no,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-m,  Buenos  Aires,  Conchitas, 
Punta  Lara,  Rio  Negro,  Coquimbo,  Chile;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — Valparaiso;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  200 — Est.  Espar- 
tillar,  Buenos  Aires;  APLIN,  I.e.,  1894,  P-  J79 — Santa  Ana  and  Santa  Elena, 
Uruguay;  LANE,  I.e.,  1897,  p.  33 — Hospital,  Coronel,  Valdivia,  south  to  Chiloe ; 
SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  713,  1898 — Chile  (egg  descr.);  IHERING, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  369 

Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  189,  1899 — Iguape",  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  230, 
1900  (nest  and  egg  descr.) ;  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126, 
1899 — Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  GIBSON,  Ibis,  1918,  p.  403 — Cape  San  Antonio, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires  (habits). 

Cyanotis  azarae  s.  omnicolor  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  259,  1869 — Buenos 
Aires  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  C.  BURMEISTER,  Ann.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  3, 
p.  69,  1888 — Bahia  Blanca. 

Cyanotis  rubrigaster  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  276,  1907 — Iguape",  Sao 
Paulo;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  331,  1910 — range  in  Argen- 
tina; GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  118 — Los  Ynglases,  Buenos  Aires  (juv.  descr.); 
BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1914 — Paraguay;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  393, 
1916 — La  Plata;  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  37,  1916 — Fray  Lus  Beltran, 
Mendoza. 

Cyanotis  rubrigastra  LILLO,  Revist.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — Lagunas  de 
Malvinas,  Prov.  Tucuman. 

Cyanotis  rubigastra  rubigastra  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  201, 
1909 — Barracas  al  Sud,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Cyanotis  rubigastra  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Tunuyan,  Mendoza. 

Tach uris  rubrigastra  rubrigastra  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63, 
p.  28,  1919;  PETERS,  I.e.,  63,  p.  325,  1923 — Huanuluan,  western  Rio  Negro; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  188,  1925 — range;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  133,  p.  325,  1926 — Dolores  (Buenos  Aires),  Tunuyan  (Mendoza), 
Concon  (Chile);  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  452,  1926 — Valcheta, 
Rio  Negro. 

Tachuris  rubrigastra  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo, 
Canelones,  Florida,  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Buenos 
Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  PEREYRA, 
I.e.,  3,  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr. 
Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  647,  1924 — Buenos  Aires. 

Range :  Central  Chile  (from  Coquimbo  south  to  Puerto  Montt  and 
Chiloe);  Argentina  (from  Tucuman,  Cordoba,  and  Entrerios  south  to 
the  Chubut);  Paraguay;  Uruguay;  southeastern  Brazil  (coast  district 
from  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  north  to  Iguape",  Sao  Paulo) a. 

7:  Argentina  (Barracas  al  Sud  2,  Avellaneda,  Buenos  Aires  i, 
Mendoza  i) ;  Chile  (Hacienda Gualpencillo,  Concepcion  i,  Conception  2). 

*Tachuris  rubrigastra  alticola  (Berlepsch  and  Stolzmann)b.  BERLEPSCH'S 
MANY-COLORED  TYRANT. 

»  While  I  am  unable  to  discover  any  constant  difference  between  specimens  from 
Chile  and  Buenos  Aires,  six  skins  from  Neuquen  generally  have  the  back  of  a  darker, 
more  blackish  green  hue  and  rather  paler  yellow  supertiliaries. 

Material  examined. — Chile:  Santiago  i,  Concepcion  3,  Valdivia  6,  Desague, 
near  Puerto  Montt  9.  Argentina,  Neuquen:  Arroytos  i,  Mangrullo  i,  Bajada  Colo- 
rada  i,  Pantanitos  3;  vicinity  of  Buenos  Aires  6.  Brazil,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Rio 
Grande  2. 

b  Tachuris  rubrigastra  alticola  (BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN):  Agreeing  with 
T.  r.  rubrigastra  in  deep  yellow  superciliaries  and  under  parts,  with  some  white  on 


370  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Cyanotis  rubrigastra  alticola  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1896, 
p.  361 — Ingapirca,  Lake  Junin,  Peru  (two  cotypes  examined) ;  idem,  Ornis,  13, 
p.  128,  1906 — Puno,  Lake  Titicaca. 

Cyanotis  azarae  (not  of  NAUMANN)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  535 — 
Junin;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  243,  1884 — part.  Junin;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  3,  p.  354,  1876 — Moho,  Lake  Titicaca. 

Tachuris  rubrigastra  alticola  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63, 
p.  28,  1919 — Peru. 

Range:  Reed-beds  along  the  shores  of  Lake  Junin  and  Lake  Titi- 
caca, Peru,  at  elevations  of  15,000  feet  and  above. 

i:    Peru  (Junin  i). 

Tachuris  rubrigastra  libertatis  Hellmayr*.    LITTORAL  MANY-COLORED 
TYRANT. 

Tachuris  rubrigastra  libertatis  HELLMAYR,  Anz.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  3,  p.  15,  Oct. 
1920 — Trujillo,  Dept.  Libertad,  Peru. 

Cyanotis  azarae  (not  of  NAUMANN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  99 — a  few 
miles  from  Lima  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  l.c.,  1879,  p.  233 — Pacas- 
mayo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  no,  1888 — part,  spec,  n,  Lima. 

Range:    Littoral  of  Peru,  from  Pacasmayo  to  Lima. 

Genus  SPIZITORNIS  Oberholser. 

Anairetes  (not  Anaeretes  DEJEAN  1837)  REICHENBACH,  Av.  Syst.  Nat.,  pi.  66, 
1850 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (Sclater,  1888)  Muscicapa  parulus  KITTLITZ. 

Spizitornis  OBERHOLSER,  Auk,  37,  p.  453, 1920 — new  name  for  Anairetes  REICHEN- 
BACH, preoccupied. 

*Spitzitornis  parulus  parulus  (Kittlitz).  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Muscicapa  parulus  KITTLITZ,  Mem.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  (sav.  etr.),  i,  livr.  2, 
p.  190,  pi.  9,  1830 — Concepcion  and  Valparaiso,  Chile;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Ann. 

chin  only;  but  much  larger,  bill  decidedly  slenderer,  and  inner  web  of  outermost 
rectrix  for  the  greater  part  black.  Wing  (two  males)  57-58,  (two  females)  54-55; 
tail  48-50. 

Material  examined. — Lake  Junin  4. 

•  Tachuris  rubrigastra  libertatis  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  T.  r.  rubrigastra  in  size 
and  coloration  of  external  rectrices;  but  superciliaries  pale  green,  tipped  with  whitish 
in  anterior  portion;  under  parts  much  paler,  the  whole  throat  being  white,  in 
abrupt  contrast  to  the  dull  olive  yellow  chest,  while  the  remainder  of  the  belly  is 
pale  buff;  bill  much  stronger.  Wing  (two  males)  52,  (one  female)  49;  tail  41-45; 
bill  ion. 

An  immature  bird  from  Lima  in  the  British  Museum  agrees  with  those  from 
Trujillo,  except  in  being  even  paler  below. 

Material  examined. — Trujillo  6,  Lima  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  371 

Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  17,  1921 — type  from  Valparaiso  in  Leningrad 
Museum. 

Sylvia  bloxami  J.  E.  GRAY,  Zool.  Misc.,  i,  p.  n,  1831 — Chile. 

Vermivora  elegans  LESSON,  L'Institut,  2,  No.  72,  p.  317,  1834 — "le  Chili  me'ri- 
dional";  idem  in  Bougainville,  Journ.  navig.  Thetis,  2,  p.  323,  1837 — southern 
Chile. 

Regulus  plumulosus  PEALE,  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.,  8,  p.  94,  1848 — Valparaiso. 

Culicivora  parulus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  57,  1837 — Chile;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  p.  332, 
1839 — part,  Valparaiso;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  311, 
1 860 — Santiago. 

Serpophaga  parulus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  49,  1839 — part,  central  Chile; 
FRASER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  ix,  p.  no,  1843 — Chile. 

Muscicapa  parula  BIBRA,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  5,  p.  129, 
185  3 — Valparaiso. 

Euscarthmus  parulus  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  1853,  p.  213 — Valdivia;  PELZELN, 
Reise  Novara,  Zool.,  x,  Vogel,  p.  79,  1865 — Chile. 

Anaeretes  parulus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  327,  338 — Chile;  SALVIN,  I.e., 
1883,  p.  423 — Talcahuano;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  106,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  f-j,  w,  Talcahuano,  Santiago,  Valparaiso,  Chile;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — Valparaiso;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  32 — Maque- 
gua,  Hospital,  and  Coronel;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  713,  1898 — 
Tumbes,  Chile  (nest  descr.);  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  146,  1921 — 
Nilahue,  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  185,  1923 — Cordillera  of  Aconcagua. 

Spizitornis  parulus  patagonicus  (not  of  HELLMAYR)  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  65,  p.  324,  1923 — part,  Bariloche,  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi. 

Spizitornis  parulus  parulus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  192,  1925 — Valparaiso; 
WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  322,  324,  1926 — Concon,  Chile 
(crit.). 

Range:  Chile  (from  the  Copiap6  Valley  south  to  Valdivia  and 
Chiloe  Island)4  and  part  of  western  Argentina  (Lake  Nahuel  Huapi) b. 

15:  Chile  (Ramadilla,  Copiap6  Valley  i,  Domeyko,  Prov.  Ata- 
cama  i ;  Santiago  i ,  San  Jose"  de  Maipo,  Prov.  Santiago  i ;  Hacienda 
Gualpencillo,  Concepcion  2 ;  Rinihue,  Prov.  Valdivia  3 ;  Quellon,  Chiloe 
Island  6). 

•  Birds  from  southern  Chile  (ChiloS,  Valdivia)  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  the 
typical  form  as  represented  by  a  series  from  Concepcion  and  northward,  though  they 
possibly  have  the  breast  more  abundantly  streaked.  This  is,  however,  far  from 
constant  and  may  be  due — at  least  partly — to  the  different  preparation  of  the  skins. 
Twenty-four  specimens  examined. 

b  According  to  Wetmore  and  Peters,  birds  from  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi  are  best 
referred  to  typical  parulus,  although  they  approach  the  Patagonian  race  by  their 
double-banded  wings.  We  have  seen  no  material. 


372  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Spizitornis  parulus  lippus  Wetmore*.   SOUTHERN  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Spizitornis  parulus  lippus  WETMORE,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  21,  p.  336,  1923 — 
Mayne  Harbor,  Evans  Island,  Owens  Island,  Straits  of  Magellan,  Chile; 
idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  325,  1926 — Straits  of  Magellan  (crit.). 

Serpophaga  parulus  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  49,  1839 — 
part,  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Anaeretes  parulus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  283 — Sandy  Point;  idem. 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  432 — Puerto  Bueno;  SHARPE,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  8 — Malas- 
pina  Isl.,  Trinidad  Channel;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  106,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  d,  e,  Malaspina  Isl.,  Puerto  Bueno;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  12,  p.  132,  1890 — Sandy  Point  and  Mayne  Harbor;  SALVADORI,  Ann. 
Mus.  Civ.  Stor.  Nat.  Geneva,  (2)  20,  p.  617,  1900 — Punta  Arenas;  CRAW- 
SHAY,  Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  68,  col.  pi.,  1907 — Rio  McClelland  Settle- 
ment; DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  331,  1910 — part,  Tierra 
del  Fuego. 

Anaeretes  parulus  parulus  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  198,  1909 — 
Ushuaia,  Tierra  del  Fuego. 

Range:  Extreme  southern  Chile  (Straits  of  Magellan)  and  Tierra 
del  Fuego. 

Spizitornis   parulus   patagonicus    Hellmayrb.     PATAGONIAN   TIT-LIKE 
TYRANT. 

Spizitornis  parulus  patagonicus  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  51, 
Nov.  1920 — Neuquen,  Gob.  Neuquen;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  63, 
p.  324,  1923 — part,  Rio  Colorado  and  Mendoza  (Potrerillos) ;  HELLMAYR,  Nov. 
Zool.,  32,  p.  192,  1925 — Rio  Negro  and  Neuquen  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  324,  1926 — eastern  Neuquen  and  northwestern  Rio 
Negro  (crit.). 

Spizitornis  parulus  curatus  WETMORE  and  PETERS,  Auk,  41,  p.  145,  1924 — Rio 
Colorado,  Gob.  Rio  Negro;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  323, 
324,  1926 — Potrerillos  and  Tunuyan  (Mendoza),  Victorica,  Pampa  (crit.); 
idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  452,  1926 — Paja  Alta,  Rio  Negro. 

•  Spizitornis  parulus  lippus  WETMORE:  "Similar  to  5.  p.  parulus,  but  decidedly 
darker,  less  olivaceous,  on  back  and  rump;  black  of  head  duller;  breast  somewhat 
more  abundantly  streaked."  (Wetmore,  I.e.). 

We  are  not  acquainted  with  this  race. 

b  Spizitornis  parulus  patagonicus  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  5.  p.  parulus,  but  lower 
parts  much  more  broadly  streaked  with  black;  median  and  greater  upper  wing- 
coverts  tipped  with  white,  producing  two  distinct  wing  bars ;  back  more  grayish ; 
abdomen  paler  yellowish  or  even  white. 

Much  to  my  regret,  I  am  unable  to  concur  with  Messrs.  Wetmore  and  Peters  in 
splitting  the  Argentine  form  into  two  races.  The  coloration  of  the  belly  appears  to 
be  an  unreliable  character  in  view  of  the  variation  shown  by  four  skins  from  the  Rio 
Negro  one  of  which  is  as  white-bellied  as  the  type  of  S.  p.  patagonicus  while  the  three 
others  are  more  or  less  suffused  with  yellow  below.  The  existence  of  two  races  in 
the  plains  of  Argentina,  moreover,  would  be  hard  to  explain. 

Material  examined. — Mendoza  2.  Neuquen:  Neuquen  i,  Arroytos  i.  Rio 
Negro  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  373 

Culicivora  parulus  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am£r.  meYid.,  Ois., 
p.  332,  1839 — part,  Patagonia,  on  the  4ist  deg.  s.  lat.,  not  far  from  the  Rio 
Negro  (spec,  examined). 

Serpophaga  parulus  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  49,  1839 — part,  Patagonia 
[  =  Santa  Cruz). 

Euscarihmus  parulus  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Mendoza  (spec, 
examined). 

Anaeretes  parulus  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  455,  1861 — Mendoza 
(egg  descr.);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  543,  549 — Rio  Negro  (spec, 
examined);  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  34 — Chubut  (nest  descr.);  idem,  I.e., 
1878,  p.  395 — Chubut;  DOERING,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  i,  p.  43,  1881 
— Rio  Negro  and  Rio  Colorado;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  141, 
1888 — part,  Mendoza  and  Patagonia;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  106, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Pampas  of  Argentina,  Rio  Negro  and  Santa  Cruz, 
Patagonia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  331,  1910 — part,  Men- 
doza, Rio  Negro,  Chubut;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Las  Catitas, 
Mendoza. 

Range:  Argentina,  from  Mendoza  and  Pampa  south  to  Chubut 
and  Santa  Cruz. 

/ 

*Spizitornis    parulus    aequatorialis     (Berlepsch    and     Taczanowski)*. 
EQUATORIAL  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Anaeretes  parulus  aequatorialis  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1884,  p.  296 — Cechce,  Ecuador  (type  examined;  =  female);  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  I.e.,  1896,  p.  361 — Acobamba,  Tarma,  Maraynioc;  MENEGAUX, 
Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  853,  1911 — Lloa,  Tumbaco, 
and  Nono;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  447,  1917 — La 
Sierra  and  Valle  de  las  Pappas,  Central  Andes  of  Colombia;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  93,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge,  Torontoy,  Occobamba 
Valley,  Matchu  Picchu,  Urubamba  region;  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark. 
Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  73,  1922 — Quito,  Cumbaya,  Tumbaco,  Lloa,  Calacali, 
Ecuador. 

Culicivora  parulus  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  mend.,  Ois.,  p. 
332,  1839 — part,  eastern  slope  of  Bolivian  Andes  (the  specimen  examined  in 
the  Paris  Museum  is  from  Sicasica). 

Serpophaga  parulus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  554,  1858 — Titiacun  and 
Matos,  Ecuador. 

•  Spizitornis  parulus  aequatorialis  (BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI)  :  Resembling 
S.  p.  patagonicus  in  broad  striping  beneath  and  double-banded  wings,  but  much  more 
brownish  above  with  hardly  any  white  on  hind  crown,  and  belly  much  deeper  yellow 
(like  S.  p.  parulus). 

Birds  from  Tucuman  may  be  different,  being  less  heavily  streaked  below,  with 
more  buffy  on  the  flanks,  and  paler  above. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Pasto  i.  Ecuador:  Quito  region  10,  Cechce 
(the  type)  i.  Peru:  Cutervo  i,  Huanuco  Mts.  i,  Panao  Mts.  i,  Tarma  i,  La  Quinua 
i,  Ollachea  2.  Bolivia:  Iquico  2,  Vacas  i,  Sicasica  i.  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman: 
Aconquija  2,  Concepcion  i. 


374  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anaeretes  parulus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  613 — Yuyo, 
Yungas;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  535 — Maraynioc,  Auquimarca,  Nina- 
bamba  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Cutervo  (spec,  ex- 
amined); idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  239,  1884 — Maraynioc,  Auquimarca,  Nina- 
bamba,  Cutervo,  Paucal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  106,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  k-u,  Bolivia,  Ninabamba,  Titiacun,  Matos,  Sical,  Lloa,  Quito,  and 
Pasto  (Colombia);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No. 
362,  p.  6,  1899 — Chinquil,  Frutillas,  Lloa,  Chillo  Valley,  Ecuador;  GOOD- 
FELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — neighborhood  of  Quito;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  dene, 
soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — San  Pablo  and  Norco,  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  331,  1910 — part,  San  Pablo,  Tucuman. 

Spizitornis  parulus  aequatorialis  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10, 
p.  50,  1920 — Ollachea,  Dept.  Puno;  idemr  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  192,  1925 — 
Sicasica,  Bolivia  (crit.,  range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  324, 
1926 — Ecuador  and  Peru  (crit.). 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  from  southern  Colombia 
(Pasto,  La  Sierra,  Valle  de  las  Pappas)  through  Ecuador  and  Peru  to 
Bolivia  and  northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucumdn). 

7:  Ecuador  (Chical  i);  Peru  (La  Quinua,  Dept.  Junin  i;  Huanuco 
Mts.  i,  Panao  Mts.,  Dept.  Huanuco  i);  Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman 
(Aconquija  2,  Concepcion  i). 

Spizitornis  fernandezianus   (Philippi)*.    JUAN  FERNANDEZ  TIT-LIKE 
TYRANT. 

Culicivora  fernandeziana  PHILIPPI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  23  (i),  p.  265,  1857 — Juan 
Fernandez;  idem,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  56,  pi.  20,  fig.  i,  1902 — 
Juan  Fernandez. 

Anaeretes  fernandezianus  SCLATER,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  179,  pi.  7,  fig.  i — Juan  Fer- 
nandez; REED,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  82 — Masatierra;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  376 — Juan 
Fernandez;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  432 — Juan  Fer- 
nandez; SALVIN,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  423 — Juan  Fernandez;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  107,  1888 — Juan  Fernandez;  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4, 
p.  745,  1898 — Juan  Fernandez  (habits);  LONNBERG  in  Skottsberg,  Nat.  Hist, 
of  Juan  Fernandez  and  Easter  Isl.,  3,  p.  3,  1921 — Masatierra. 

Range:     Masatierra  Island,  Juan  Fernandez  group,  off  Chile. 

*Spizitornis  flavirostris  flavirostris    (Sclater  and  Salvin).     YELLOW- 
BILLED  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Anaeretes  flavirostris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  355 — Tilotilo, 
Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia  (type  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  613 — Tilotilo; 
SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Ornith.,  i,  p.  142,  1888 — Cosquin,  Cordoba; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  108,  1888 — Tilotilo  (Bolivia)  and  Cosquin 

•  Though  probably  an  off  shot  of  the  continental  S.  parulus,  this  species  seems 
too  different  to  be  classified  as  a  subspecies  of  it. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  375 

(Cordoba);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Rio  Sali, 
Tucuman;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n,  p.  255,  1904 — Salta;  LILLO, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — Rio  Sali;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov. 
Zool.,  16,  p.  198,  1909 — Tucuman  and  Cosquin  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  331,  1910 — Cordoba,  Salta,  Tucuman; 
SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  151,  1918 — Chacras  Coria,  Mendoza. 

Culicivora  parulus  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  m6rid.,  Ois., 
p.  332,  1839 — part,  Bolivia  (spec,  from  Cochabamba  in  Paris  Museum  ex- 
amined). 

Anaeretes  parulus  (not  of  KITTLITZ)  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  39 — Cosquin, 
Cordoba  (spec,  examined);  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  167 — Santa  Elena,  En- 
trerios  (spec,  examined);  (?)  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280, 
1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  290,  1895 — Catamarca. 

Anaeretes  flavirostris  subsp.?  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  69, 
1906 — Pauza,  Loichos,  Dept.  Ayacucho  (spec,  examined). 

Spizitornis  flavirostris  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  325,  1923 — San 
Antonio,  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro;  GIACOMELLI,  El  Hornero,  3,  p.  151,  1923 — 
La  Rioja;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  192,  1925 — Cochabamba  (crit.). 

Spizi  tornis  flavirostris  flavirostris  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  322, 
1926 — General  Roca,  Rio  Negro  (habits,  crit.);  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool., 
24,  p.  451,  1926 — Arroyo  Salado,  Rio  Negro. 

Spizitornis  flavirostris  arequipae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  237,  p.  4,  1926 
— Arequipa,  Peru. 

Range:  Andes  of  western  Peru  (north  to  Huamachuco,  Dept. 
Libertad),  Bolivia,  northern  Chile  (Prov.  Tacna),  and  western  Argen- 
tina (from  Salta  south  to  Mendoza  and  Cordoba),  extending  east  to 
Entrerios  (Santa  Elena)  and  south  to  the  Gob.  del  Rio  Negro  (Rio 
Limay,  Neuquen;  General  Roca,  Puerto  San  Antonio) a. 

a  Birds  from  western  Peru  and  Chile  (5.  /.  arequipae}  are,  on  average,  slightly 
paler  and  more  mottled  with  dusky  above,  but  the  variation  is  insignificant.  Two 
adult  males  (in  worn  plumage)  from  Rio  Limay  (Neuquen)  are  more  grayish  brown 
above  and  almost  white  on  the  belly.  In  the  latter  respect  they  are  matched  by 
one  of  the  Cosquin  (Cordoba)  examples  which,  however,  have  a  much  more  brown- 
ish back.  The  single  male,  obtained  by  A.  H.  Holland  at  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios, 
on  Oct.  3,  1895,  is  even  grayer  above  than  those  from  Neuquen,  and  the  belly 
is  very  pale  yellow,  though  not  white,  while  the  bill  is  smaller  than  in  any  other 
specimen  examined. 

MEASUREMENTS 

WING  TAIL 

One  male  from  Santa  Elena,  Entrerios  48  46 

Two  males  from  Rio  Limay,  Neuquen  50,51  52,52 

Two  males  from  Cosquin,  Cordoba  40,49  48,50 

One  male  from  Tucuman  48  48 

Two  males  from  Putre  (Chile)  49,50  47, 50 

One  male  from  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  50  52 

One  male  from  Pauza,  Ayacucho  48  50 

One  male  from  Matucana,  Lima  49  48 

One  male  from  Cullcui,  Huanuco  49  49 

One  male  from  Succha,  Libertad  48  51 

Four  females  from  Tucuman  47-49  48-50 

One  female  from  Matucana  46  44 

One  female  from  Huamachuco,  Libertad  48  52 


376  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

5:  Peru  (Cullcui,  Maranon  River,  Dept.  Huanuco  i;  Macutana, 
Dept.  Lima  2);  Chile  (Putre,  Prov.  Tacna  2). 

Spizitornis  flavirostris  huancabambae    Cliapman*.     PIURA   TIT-LIKE 

TYRANT. 

Spizitornis  flavirostris  huancabambae  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  8, 
1924 — Huancabamba,  Dept.,  Piura,  Peru. 

Range :    Extreme  northwestern  Peru  (Huancabamba,  Dept.  Piura) . 

Spizitornis  flavirostris  cuzcoensis  Chapman*.  Cuzco  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Spizitornis  flavirostris  cuzcoensis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  8,  1924 — 
Cuzco,  Peru. 

Anaeretes  albocristatus  (not  Tyrannulus  albocristatus  VIGORS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lend.,  1873,  p.  780 — Paucartambo. 
Anaeretes  flavirostris  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 

Mus.,  117,  p.  93,  1921 — Ollantaytambo,  Huaracondo  Canyon,  Calca,  Pisac, 

Cuzco,  Urubamba  Valley. 

Range:    Southeastern  Peru  (Urubamba  Valley,  Dept.  Cuzco). 

Spizitornis  reguloidesc  reguloides  (Lqfresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).  WHITE- 
CRESTED  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Culicivora  reguloides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  57,  1837 — Tacna,  "Perou"  =Chile  (type in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  mend.,  Ois.,  p.  332,  pi.  37,  fig.  i,  1839 — near  the 
city  of  Tacna. 

Anaeretes  albocristatus  (not  Tyrannulus  albo-cristatus  ViGORSd)  SCLATER  and  SAL- 
VIN, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  986 — Arequipa  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e., 

•  Spizitornis  flavirostris  huancabambae  CHAPMAN:  "Similar  to  S.  f.  cuzcoensis, 
but  very  much  smaller;  streaks  on  throat  and  breast  fewer  and  narrower;  outer 
rectrices  with  relatively  less  white.  In  the  markings  of  throat  and  breast  more 
nearly  like  5.  /.  flavirostris,  but  differing  in  its  smaller  size  and  streaked  back.  Wing 
(unsexed  type)  44;  tail  41^."  (Chapman,  I.e.). 

Although  I  have  not  seen  the  type  (and  only  known  specimen)  I  am  a  little 
doubtful  as  to  the  distinctness  of  this  race,  since  birds  from  the  neighboring  districts 
of  northern  Peru  are  apparently  not  separable  horn  flavirostris. 

b  Spizitornis  flavirostris  cuzcoensis  CHAPMAN:  Easily  distinguished  from  5.  /. 
flavirostris  by  larger  size,  darker,  more  heavily  spotted  back,  longer  crest  with  more 
white  at  the  base,  wider  black  streaks  on  the  breast,  absence  of  ochraceous  on  flanks, 
and  much  stronger  bill.  Wing  (three  males)  53^-55,  (two  females)  52-54;  tail 
58-61,  (female)  55;  bill  io-io>£. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Anta,  Cuzco  5. 

c  Spizitornis  reguloides,  in  spite  of  the  close  similarity  of  females  and  immature 
birds  in  coloration  of  under  parts,  is  obviously  specifically  different  from  5.  flavirostris, 
the  very  much  larger  bill  with  the  entirely  pale  mandible  being  its  chief  character. 
Besides,  the  upper  parts  are  black,  streaked  with  white  on  the  back,  and  the  white  in 
the  crest  is  much  more  extensive,  while  adult  males  have  the  forehead,  sides  of  the 
head,  and  throat  uniform  black. 

d  Tyrannulus  albo-cristatus  VIGORS  (Zool.  Journ.,  5,  p.  273,  1830 — Brazil)  = 
Serpophaga  subcristata  (VIEILLOT). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  377 

1868,  p.  569 — Arequipa;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  241,  555,  1884 — 

part,  Tacna,  Arequipa,  "Catonindos"  [  =  Catarindos)  Valley,  Peru;  SCLATER, 

Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  107,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Arequipa,  Islay,  and 

"Calanudos"  [  =  Catarindos]  Valley. 
Anaeretes  reguloides  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  69,  1906 — Pauza 

Coracora,  Ayacucho. 
Spitzitornis  reguloides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  194,  1925 — Tacna  (note  on 

type,  range  in  part). 
Spizitornis  reguloides  reguloides  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  188,  p.  7,  1924 — 

Moquegua  and  Ilo,  Prov.  Moquegua;  Cocachacra,  Prov.  Arequipa. 

Range:  Littoral  and  arid  western  slopes  of  the  Andes  of  extreme 
southwestern  Peru  (in  prov.  Ayacucho,  Arequipa,  and  Moquegua)  and 
northwestern  Chile  (Tacna)a. 

*Spizitornis  reguloides  albiventris   Chapman*.    WHITE-BELLIED  TIT- 
LIKE  TYRANT. 
Spizitornis  reguloides  albiventris  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  7,  1924 — 

Huaral,  Prov.  Lima,  Peru. 
Anaeretes  albocristatus  (not  Tyrannulus  albo-cristatus  VIGORS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1871,  p.  498 — vicinity  of  Lima;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  535 — 

Lima;  idem,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  241,  555,  1884 — part,  Lima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  107,  1888 — part,  spec,  f,  Lima. 
Anaeretes  reguloides  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  380 — 

Lima,  Callao,  lea  (crit.). 
Spizitornis  reguloides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  194,  1925 — part,  Lima  and 

lea. 

Range:  Littoral  and  arid  western  slopes  of  the  Andes  of  western 
Peru,  from  Dept.  lea  north  to  Ancachs  (Macate). 

7:  Peru  (Matucana  3,  Santa  Eulalia,  Dept.  Lima  i ;  Macate,  Dept. 
Ancachs  3). 

*Spizitornis  reguloides  nigrocristatus  (Taczanowski)0.    BLACK-CRESTED 
TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

•Material  examined. — Chile:  Tacna  (the  type)  i.  Peru:  Moquegua  4.  Are- 
quipa: Arequipa  2,  Catarindos  Valley  i,  Islay  i.  Ayacucho:  Pauza  (Loichos)  i. 

b  Spizitornis  reguloides  albiventris  CHAPMAN:  Very  close  to  S.  r.  reguloides,  but 
abdomen  pure  white  or  yellowish  white  instead  of  pale  (massicot)  yellow.  Wing 
(male)  52-53,  (female)  50-51;  tail  5<>55,  (female)  49-50. 

On  comparison  of  a  good  series  from  western  Peru,  it  is  undeniable  that  birds 
from  lea  and  northwards  average  whiter  underneath.  Single  specimens,  however, 
are  not  always  distinguishable,  the  type  of  C.  reguloides  (from  Tacna)  and  one  of  the 
Arequipa  birds  being  as  white-bellied  as  those  from  Lima. 

Material  examined. — lea  2;  Lima  2,  Santa  Eulalia  i,  Macutana  3;  Macate,  Dept. 
Ancachs  3. 

0  Spizitornis  reguloides  nigrocristatus  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Nearly  related  to  S.  r. 
albiventris,  but  very  much  larger;  crest  feathers  much  more  elongated;  throat,  even 


378  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Anaeretes  nigrocristatus  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  555,  1884 — Chota,  Dept. 
Cajamarca  (cx>type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2, 
p.  ii,  1895 — Cajabamba,  Succha,  Chusgon,  Huamachuco  (spec,  examined); 
MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Prang.  Orn.,  i,  No.  21,  p.  322,  1910 — Tulpo  and  Taya- 
bamba  (spec,  examined). 

Anaeretes  albocristatus  (not  Tyrannulus  albo-cristatus  VIGORS)  TACZANOWSKI, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  233 — Chota;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  241,  1884 — part, 
Chota;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  107,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  Chota. 

Range:  Northern  Peru,  in  depts.  Cajamarca  (Chota,  Cajabamba, 
Cajamarca)  and  Libertad  (Huamachuco,  Succha,  Chusgon,  Tulpo, 
Ta3Tabamba)a. 

2:    Peru  (Cajamarca  i,  Tulpo  i). 

Uromyias  genus  nov.b 

Uromyias  agilis  (Sclater).  AGILE  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Euscarthmus  agilis  SCALTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  28,  pi.  118,  1856 — Bogota 
(type  examined). 

Anaeretes  agilis  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  89 — San 
Rafael,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  108,  1888 — Bogota; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  704 — eastern  slope  of  Pichincha,  Pedregal,  and 
Papallacta,  11,500  ft.,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Airier.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  448,  1917 — Valle  de  las  Pappas  and  Paramo  of  Choachi,  Colombia;  LONN- 
BERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  73, 1922 — below  Nono,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  range)  and  Ecuador0. 

in  the  adult  male,  strongly  suffused  with  white;  black  pectoral  stripes  narrower; 
three  (or  four)  outer  pairs  of  rectrices  largely  tipped  (instead  of  narrowly  edged) 
with  white.  Wing  (male)  59-62,  (female)  58;  tail  64-70,  (female)  62;  bill  ii>3-i2. 
Material  examined. — Peru,  Dept.  Cajamarca:  Chota  i,  Cajabamba  8,  Caja- 
marca 2.  Dept.  Libertad:  Chusgon  i,  Huamachuco  3,  Tulpo  i,  Tayabamba  2. 

•A  single  (female)  example  from  the  Hudnuco  Mts.,  in  size,  development  of 
crest,  and  extent  of  white  on  the  outer  rectrices,  is  exactly  intermediate  between 
albiventris  and  nigrocristatus  (of  northern  Peru),  but  differs  from  both  in  pale  (mas- 
sicot) yellow  instead  of  pure  white  belly.  While  probably  separable  as  a  distinct 
race,  it  shows  beyond  doubt  that  nigrocristatus  should  be  treated  as  a  subspecies  of 
the  reguloides  group. 

b  Uromyias  genus  nov. 

Nearly  related  to  Spizitornis,  but  bill  much  shorter,  wider  and  more  depressed; 
rictal  bristles  much  more  developed;  crest  feathers  on  apical  portion  neither  atten- 
uated nor  decurved;  tail  proportionately  longer  and  strongly  graduated,  the  distance 
between  the  shortest  and  longest  rectrix  being  at  least  equal  to  length  of  tarsus; 
rectrices  conspicuously  pointed  at  the  tip  instead  of  bluntly  rounded. 

Type  Euscarthmus  agilis  SCLATER. 

0  Six  specimens  from  Ecuador  (all  males)  are  somewhat  larger  than  three  unsexed 
Bogota  skins,  but  do  not  differ  in  coloration.  They  measure  as  follows:  wing  57-59 
(against  52-56);  tail  65-69  (against  61^-65). 

Taczanowski  (Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  242,  1884)  mentions  a  specimen  from  Andamarca, 
Peru,  belonging  to  the  Raimondi  Collection,  which,  I  have  little  doubt,  will  prove  to 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  379 

Uromyias  agraphia  (Chapman)*.   CHAPMAN'S  TIT-LIKE  TYRANT. 

Anaeretes  agraphia  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  263,  1919 — above 
Idma,  near  Santa  Ana,  Prov.  Convention,  Dept.  Cuzco,  Peru  (type  examined) ; 
idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  93,  1921 — Idma. 

Range:    Southeastern  Peru,  Dept.  Cuzco  (above  Idma,  9000  ft.). 

Genus  STIGMATURA  Sclater  and  Salving 

Stigmatura  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  188 — type  Culicivora 
budytoides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Stigmatura  budytoides  budytoides  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).  WAG- 
TAIL-TYRANT. 

Culicivora  budytoides  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  56,  1837 — Valle  Grande,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Setophaga  budytoides  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  330,  pi.  36, 
fig.  2,  1839 — Chaluani  Valley,  Prov.  Mizque. 

Stigmatura  budytoides  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  188 — 
Ucayali,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  278 — Ucayali;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  104,  1868 — Barra  do  Rio  Jamary,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  ex- 
amined); TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  238,  1884 — Ucayali;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  100,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Ucayali  and  Bolivia  (spec, 
examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  433,  1905 — Rio  Jurua;  idem,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  275,  1907 — Rio  Jurud;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  n, 
1907 — Urucurituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  72,  1910 — Joazeiro  and  Barrinha,  Rio  Sao  Francisco, 
Bahia,  and  Parnagua,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  61, 
p.  524,  1913 — lower  Tapaj6z;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  406,  1914 — Pinhel, 
Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Stigmatura  budytoides  budytoides  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  292,  1910 — Rio, 
Jamary;  idem,  I.e.,  32,  p.  190,  1925 — Valle  Grande  (crit.,  range,  meas.). 

Range :  River  banks  of  eastern  Ecuador  (lower  Rio  Napo) ,  eastern 
Peru  (Rio  Ucayali),  Bolivia  (San  Jose",  Mizque,  Dept.  Cochabamba; 
Valle  Grande,  Olgin,  Samaipata  Dept.  Santa  Cruz),  and  Brazil,  in 

be  separable  from  U.  agilis.  It  is  described  as  being  dark  brownish  gray  above  with 
the  interscapulars  laterally  edged  with  grayish  buff,  and  as  having  the  throat  and 
chest  white,  streaked  with  black. 

a  Uromyias  agraphia  (CHAPMAN):  Differs  from  U.  agilis  by  plain  black  crest 
(without  any  white);  uniform  brown  back  (without  trace  of  blackish  stripes);  con- 
spicuous white  (instead  of  blackish  brown)  superciliaries ;  absence  of  black  streaks 
underneath,  the  throat  being  white,  the  chest  but  obsoletely  mottled  with  grayish; 
much  paler  (sulphur  yellow)  abdomen.  Wing  54;  tail  62;  bill  10. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   above  Idma  (the  type)  i. 

b  This  genus,  in  general  appearance,  bears  close  resemblance  to  certain  Formi- 
cariidae  and  possibly  belongs  to  that  family  (see  also  Ridgway,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
50,  Part  4,  p.  339,  footnote  b). 


380  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

states  of  Amazonas  (Rio  Jurua,  Rio  Madeira),  Para  (Rio  Tapaj6z), 
Piauhy  (Parnagua),  and  Bahia  (Rio  Sao  Francisco,  Rio  do  Peixe)*. 
2:    Brazil  (Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas,  Bahia  2). 

*Stigmatura  budytoides  inzonata  Wetmore  and  Peters*.    ARGENTINE 

WAGTAIL-TYRANT. 
Stigmatura  budytoides  inzonata  WETMORE  and  PETERS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 

36,  p.  143,  1923 — Tapia,  Tucuman. 
Stigmatura  budytoides  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1880, 

p.  357 — Tucuman,  Salta  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER  and 

HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  139,  1888 — Salta  and  Tucuman;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.  14,  p.  zoo,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  f,  Salta,  Tucuman;  LILLO,  Anal. 

Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Tucuman  (ex  Salvin);  idem,  Rev.  letr. 

cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — Tapia,  Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 

B.  Aires,  18,  p.  329,  1910 — Tucuman  and  Salta;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32, 

p.  191,  1925 — part,  Rio  Seco,  Salta. 
Phylloscartes  flavocinereus  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  197, 

1878 — Cordoba;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 

p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba. 

•  This  form  requires  probably  subdivision.  Compared  with  seven  from  Bolivia, 
birds  from  Amazonia  (Ucayali,  Rio  Madeira,  Tapajoz)  are  smaller,  lack  the  buffy 
tinge  on  foreneck  and  flanks,  and  have  yellowish  (instead  of  pure  white)  tail  mark- 
ings. A  series  from  eastern  Brazil  (Bahia  and  Piauhy)  agree  with  the  Amazonian 
examples  in  small  size  and  coloration  of  under  parts,  but  have  white  tail  markings 
(like  typical  budytoides  from  Bolivia) ;  their  bills,  too,  appear  to  be  somewhat  longer. 

Since  writing  these  lines,  the  inhabitants  of  Amazonia  and  eastern  Brazil  have 
been  separated  by  F.  M.  Chapman  (Am.  Mus.  Novit.,  231,  p.  3,  4,  1926)  as  5. 
budytoides  napensis  (type  from  junction  of  Curaray  and  Napo  Rivers,  Ecuador)  and 
5.  budytoides  bahiae  (type  from  Joazeiro,  Bahia) ,  respectively. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Valle  Grande  (the  type)  i,  Samaipata  2,  Olgin  i, 
San  Jose1,  Mizque  i,  unspecified  2.  Peru:  Ucayali  2.  Brazil:  Urucurituba,  Rio 
Tapaj6z  i,  mouth  of  the  Jamary,  Rio  Madeira  2;  Joazeiro,  Bahia  5,  Rio  do  Peixe, 
Bahia  2;  Parnagud,  Piauhy  i. 

b  Stigmatura  budytoides  inzonata  WETMORE  and  PETERS  is  a  connecting  link 
between  budytoides  and  flavo-cinerea.  It  differs  from  the  former  by  paler  yellow  under 
parts  with  hardly  any  buffy  tinge  on  the  foreneck,  and  by  the  white  blotches  on  the 
inner  webs  of  the  lateral  rectrices  being  reduced  to  small  spots  or  even  evanescent ; 
from  the  latter  by  more  olivaceous  (less  grayish)  upper  parts,  more  whitish  wing 
edgings,  brighter  yellow  under  parts,  distinctly  white  tail  ends,  and  by  having  at 
least  an  indication  of  a  small  white  spot  on  the  inner  web  of  some  of  the  three  outer 
rectrices. 

The  tail  markings  are  rather  variable  in  this  form,  and  certain  specimens  from  the 
northern  limit  of  its  range  closely  approach  typical  budytoides,  of  central  Bolivia. 
This  applies  not  only  to  the  two  birds  from  the  Rio  Seco,  in  northern  Salta,  referred 
to  as  S.  budytoides  in  another  communication  (Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  191,  1925),  but  even 
more  so  to  two  recently  examined  examples  from  Caiza  (Dept.  Tarija,  Bolivia)  in 
which  even  the  fourth  rectrix  exhibits  a  well-defined,  though  small,  whitish  spot  on 
the  inner  web.  Birds  from  Cordoba,  on  the  other  hand,  by  their  dingy  yellow  under 
parts  and  by  frequently  lacking  the  white  spot  on  the  inner  web  of  the  outer  rec- 
trices, form  the  transition  to  flavocinerea. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Caiza,  Dept.  Tarija  2.  Argentina,  Salta:  Rio 
Seco  2,  Metan  4,  Salta  i.  Tucuman:  Tapia  3,  Leales  2,  Tucuman  City  2,  Concep- 
cion  6.  Santiago  del  Estero:  Isca  Yacu  2.  Cordoba:  Cosquin  8. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  381 

Stigmatura  flavocinerea  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  606 — Fuerte  de  Andalgala, 
Catamarca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  101,  1888 — part,  spec,  d,  e, 
Cosquin,  Cordoba  (spec,  examined);  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  6, 
p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12, 
No.  292,  p.  13,  1897 — Caiza,  Dept.  Tarija,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined);  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Rio  Sali,  Tucuman;  idem, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — Rio  Sali;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  18,  p.  330,  1910 — part,  Catamarca,  La  Rioja,  Cordoba,  Tucuman, 
and"Chaco";  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  191,  1925 — part,  Cosquin  (Sierra 
de  Cordoba),  Santiago  del  Estero,  Tucuman,  and  Salta. 

Stigmatura  budytoides  flavocinerea  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  197 
1909 — Tapia  (Tucuman),  Metan  (Salta),  Est.  Isca  Yacu  (Santiago  del  Estero) 
(spec,  examined);  DINELLI,  El  Hornero,  I,  p.  144,  1918 — Tucuman  (nest  and 
eggs  descr.);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Cordoba,  La  Rioja,  Cata- 
marca, Santiago  del  Estero,  Tucuman,  and  Salta)  and  adjacent  dis- 
tricts of  southeastern  Bolivia  (Caiza,  Dept.  Tarija). 

8:    Argentina,  Prov.  Tucuman  (Leales  2,  Concepcion  6). 

Stigmatura  budytoides  flavocinerea  (Burmeister)*.  BURMEISTER'S  WAG- 
TAIL-TYRANT. 

Phylloscartes  flavo-cinereus  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  455,  1861 — 
valleys  of  the  Sierra  de  Uspallata,  Mendoza  (types  in  Halle  Museum  exam- 
ined); DOERING  in  Roca,  Inf.  of.  Exp.  Rio  Negro,  Zool.,  i,  p.  42,  1881 — Rio 
Negro  and  Rio  Colorado. 

Stigmatura  flavo-cinerea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1872,  p.  542,  549 — Rio  Negro; 
idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  101,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  f-h,  Mendoza, 
Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  idem  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  139,  1888 — 
Mendoza  and  Patagonia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  330, 
1910 — part,  Mendoza,  Rio  Negro;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  191,  1925 — 
part,  Mendoza  and  Rio  Negro. 

Stigmatura  budytoides  flavocinerea  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  324, 
1923 — Rio  Colorado. 

Range :    Central  Argentina,  from  Mendoza  south  to  the  Rio  Negro. 

Genus  SERPOPHAGA  Gould. 

Serpophaga  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  49,  July  1839 — type  by 
subs,  desig.  (Gray,  1855,  p.  50)  Serpophaga  albocoronata  GOULD  =  Sylvia 
subcristata  VIEILLOT. 

•  Stigmatura  budytoides  flavo-cinerea  (BURMEISTER)  :  Very  similar  to  5.  b.  in- 
zonata,  but  upper  parts  more  grayish,  less  tinged  olivaceous;  wing  edgings  duller, 
more  grayish;  superciliaries  more  whitish;  under  parts  duller  yellow,  .washed  with 
grayish  on  chest;  apical  spots  to  three  outer  rectrices  less  extensive  and  tinged  with 
smoke  gray,  instead  of  being  pure  white;  no  trace  of  whitish  spots  on  their  inner 
web.  Wing  60-62,  (female)  57-58;  tail  74-78. 

Birds  from  the  Rio  Negro  agree  with  the  typical  Mendoza  specimens. 

Material  examined. — Mendoza:  Sierra  de  Uspallata  (the  types)  2,  Mendoza  3. 
Rio  Negro  of  Patagonia  3. 


382  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Serphophaga  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  53,  1859 — emendation. 

*Serpophaga  subcristata  (  Vieillot*).  WHITE-CRESTED  SERPOPHAGA. 

Sylvia  subcristala  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  eel.,  n,  p.  229,  1817 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  160,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  straminea  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  28,  pi.  167,  fig.  2 
1822 — "Bre'sil,"  coll.  Natterer  =Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo. 

Tyrannidus  albo-cristatus  VIGORS,  Zool.  Journ.,  5,  p.  273,  1830 — Brazil. 

Muscicapa  elegans  LESSON,  Traite'  d'Orn.,  p.  391,  1831 — type  from  southern  Brazil, 
obtained  by  Auguste  de  Saint-Hilaire,  in  Paris  Museum  examined;  PUCH- 
ERAN,  Arch.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  7,  p.  373,  1855 — Brazil  (crit.). 

Serpophaga  albo-coronata  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  49,  July 
1839 — Maldonado,  Uruguay  (type — spec,  e — in  British  Museum  examined). 

Serphophaga  verticata  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — Parana,  En- 
trerios  (type  in  Halle  Museum  examined). 

Anaeretes  cristatellus  SALVADORI,  Atti  Soc.  Ital.  Sci.  Nat.,  7,  p.  153,  1864 — "Haiti" 
(errore);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  175,  note  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  cristata  (lapsu)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  52,  1837 — part,  Corrientes  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  subcristata  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  326,  1839 — 
part,  "male,"  Corrientes. 

Serpopliaga*  subcristata  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  454,  1861 — part, 
Parana,  Entrerios,  Banda  Oriental;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  2 — vicinity 
of  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  142 — Conchitas;  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — part,  Mattodentro,  Ypanema,  and  Rio  Verde  (Sao 
Paulo),  Furnas  (Minas  Geraes)  (spec,  examined) ;  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  292, 
1874 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio;  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg.,  i,  p.  252,  1874 — 
Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  159 — Buenos  Aires 
(nest  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  177 — Baradero,  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  613 — part,  Tilotilo;  FORBES,  Ibis,  1881, 
p.  342 — Garanhuns,  Pernambuco;  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  606 — 
Monte  Grande  and  Flores  (Buenos  Aires),  Concepcion  (Misiones);  BARROWS, 
Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  199,  1883 — Concepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios 
(nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  DALGLEISH,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  8,  p.  82,  1884 — 
Est.  de  la  Tala,  Prov.  Durazno,  Uruguay  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  BERLEPSCH 
and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  130,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  140,  1888 — Argentina; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  102,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-k,  q-r,  Lagoa 
Santa,  Pelotas,  Brazil,  Maldonado,  Paysandu,  Conchitas,  Flores,  Buenos 
Aires,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1890,  p.  425 — Est.  Espartillar,  Buenos 
Aires;  idem,  I.e.,  1891,  p.  16 — Est.  Espartillar;  idem,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  199 — Est. 
Espartillar  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming 
Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  i?8 — Uruguay; 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — Villa  Rica  and 

•  Sometimes  spelled  Serphopliaga. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  383 

Puerto  Pagani,  Paraguay;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16, 
p.  126,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  188,  1899 — Sao 
Sebastiao,  Piquete,  Ypiranga,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Novo 
Friburgo;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Tucuman;  idem, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  48,  1905 — Tucuman;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  275,  1907 — Ypiranga,  Cachoeira,  Jaboticabal,  Sao  Jose1  do  Rio  Pardo,  Sao 
Sebastiao,  Itarar6  (Sao  Paulo),  Itatiaya  (Minas  Geraes);  HARTERT  and  VEN- 
TURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  197,  1909 — Barracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires),  Ocampo 
(Santa  Fe1),  La  Soledad  (Entrerios);  LttDERWALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27, 
P-  354.  9°9 — Itatiaya;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien, 
76,  p.  72,  1910 — Parnagua,  Piauhy;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  581,  1910 — Sapucay, 
Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  330,  1910 — range  in 
Argentina;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  116 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6  (Buenos  Aires), 
Colonia  Mihanovitch  (Terr.  Formosa),  Santa  Rosa  (Paraguay),  (?)  Pan  de 
Azucar  (Matto  Grosso);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  338, 
1912 — Gran  Potrero,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1914 — Alto 
Parana;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  393,  1916 — La  Plata;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc. 
d'Orn.,  10,  p.  332,  1918 — Villa  Lutetia,  San  Ignacio,  Misiones;  GIBSON,  Ibis, 
1918,  p.  401 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires  (breeding  habits);  MARELLI, 
El  Hornero,  i,  p.  79,  1918 — Curuzii  Cuatia,  Corrientes;  DINELLI,  I.e.,  p.  144, 
1918 — Tucuman  (nest  and  egg  descr.);  DABBENE,  I.e.,  p.  237,  1919 — Isla  de 
Martin  Garcia;  TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones, 
Flores,  Colonia,  San  Jos6,  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — 
Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH,  I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — Santa  Elena, 
Entrerios;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya,  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI, 
Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  647,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WET- 
MORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  318,  1926 — Argentina  (Chaco,  Buenos 
Aires,  Pampa,  Rio  Negro),  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay  (habits). 

Euscarthmus  subcristatus  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  351 — Lagoa  Santa  (Minas)  and  Sao  Paulo. 

Serpophaga  subcristata  subcristata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.   183,   1925 — 
Corrientes  (crit.,  range). 

Range :  Northern  Argentina,  east  of  the  Andes,  from  the  Rio  Negro 
north  to  Tucumdn,  east  to  Entrerios,  Corrientes,  and  Misiones ;  eastern 
Bolivia;  Paraguay;  Uruguay;  eastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  Grande  do  Sul 
north  to  Pernambuco  and  Piauhy. 

10:  Uruguay  (Maldonado  i,  Rio  Cebollati  i,  los  Cuervos  i);  Argen- 
tina (Chaco,  Prov.  Santa  F6  i);  Bolivia  (Santa  Cruz  i,  Buenavista 
3);  Brazil  (Sao  Paulo  i;  Therezopolis,  Rio  i). 

•  Examples  from  Tucuman  and  Bolivia  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  typical 
subcristata,  as  represented  by  a  series  from  Paraguay,  Buenos  Aires,  and  southern 
Brazil. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  2,  Buenavista  3.  Argentina:  Tucu- 
man 2,  Rio  Sali,  Tucuman  i;  Chaco,  Santa  F6  2;  Parana,  Entrerios  (type  of  S. 
verticata)  i,  Corrientes  i;  Flores,  Buenos  Aires  3.  Paraguay:  Bernalcu6,  near 
Asuncidn  2.  Brazil:  Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  8;  Ypanema  2,  Mattodentro  i, 
Rio  Verde  i,  Victoria  i,  Sao  Paulo  i;  Furnas,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Colonia  Alpina, 
Serra  dos  Orgaos,  Rio  de  Janeiro  3;  Parnagua,  Piauhy  2. 


384  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Serpophaga  inornate  Salvadori*.   UNMARKED  SERPOPHAGA. 

Serpophaga  inornata  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  13,  1897 
— San  Francisco,  Dept.  Tarija,  Bolivia  (types  examined);  WETMORE,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  320,  1926 — west  of  Puerto  Pinasco,  Paraguay  (crit.). 

Serpophaga  subcristata  inornata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  184,  1925 — part, 
San  Francisco  (crit.)b. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz;  San  Fran- 
cisco, Dept.  Tarija)  and  western  Paraguay  (near  kilom.  80,  west  of 
Puerto  Pinasco). 

i:    Bolivia  (Buenavista  i). 

*Serpophaga  munda  Berlepsch*.   BERLEPSCH'S  SERPOPHAGA. 

Serpophaga  munda  BERLEPSCH,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  i,  p.  12,  1893 — Samaipata, 
Valle  Grande,  and  Olgin,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia  (spec,  examined); 
SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  14,  1897 — Caiza,  Dept. 
Tarija,  Bolivia  and  Tala,  Salta  (crit.) ;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49, 
1905 — Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  197,  1909 — 
Rio  Seco  and  Valle  Lerma  (Salta),  San  Lorenzo  (Jujuy),  Los  Vasquez  (Tucu- 
man) and  Ocampo  (Santa  F6);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  330,  1910 — Sierra  de  Cordoba,  La  Rioja  (Chilecito),  Tucuman,  and 
Ocampo;  REED,  Aves  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  36,  1916 — Mendoza;  SANZIN,  El 
Hornero,  i,  p."  151,  1918 — Mendoza;  DINELLI,  I.e.,  p.  270,  1919 — La  Chilca, 
Tucuman  (nest  descr.);  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  HELL- 
MAYR, Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  183,  184,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Santa  Cruz  (Bolivia), 
Mendoza,  Estiva  (Matto  Grosso)  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
I33>  P-  32°.  *926 — west  of  Puerto  Pinasco  (Paraguay),  Mendoza  and  Potreril- 
los  (Mendoza),  Tapia  (Tucuman)  (crit.). 

8  Serpophaga  inornata  SALVADORI  :  Superficially  resembling  S.  subcristata,  but 
pileum  less  grayish,  without  any  trace  of  white  or  black;  back  decidedly  greenish; 
axillaries,  under  wing-coverts,  and  inner  margin  of  remiges  bright  yellow;  bill  much 
slenderer  and  more  compressed.  Wing  48^-50;  tail  45-48;  bill  9-10. 

In  shape  of  bill  and  crest,  this  bird  closely  approaches  certain  species  of  Meco- 
cerculus  (poecilocercus,  hellmayri),  whereas  in  other  details  such  as  proportions,  form 
of  rectrices,  and  dusky  under  mandible  it  agrees  well  with  S.  subcristata.  One  of  the 
types  (No.  69,  A.  Borelli)  has  the  entire  breast  and  abdomen  yellow,  while  the 
second  example  (No.  81),  like  ours  from  Buenavista,  shows  the  middle  line  of  the 
belly  distinctly  whitish. 

Material  examined. — San  Francisco  (the  types)  2,  Buenavista  i. 

b  The  specimens  from  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  and  Puerto  Suarez  in  the  Carnegie 
Museum  were  erroneously  referred  to  S.  inornata.  They  are  apparently  females  of 
5.  subcristata. 

8  Serpophaga  munda  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  to  S.  subcristata  in  form,  but  upper 
parts  ashy  gray,  without  any  olive;  white  crown  patch  much  more  extensive;  wine 
bands  more  purely  white;  under  parts  pure  white,  sides  of  chest  only  faintly  tinged 
with  pale  gray.  Wing  47-51 ;  tail  46-51. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Chiquitos  i,  Samaipata  i,  Olgin  i,  Valle  Grande  2, 
Santa  Cruz  i.  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Estiva  i,  Urucum  i.  Argentina:  Rio 
Seco,  Salta  i ,  Valle  Lerma  i ;  San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy  i ;  Los  Vasquez,  Tucuman  i ;  Cos- 
quin,  Cordoba  2;  Mendoza  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  385 

Muscicapa  cristata  (lapsu)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag. 
Zoo}.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  52,  1837 — part,  Chiquitos  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  subcristata  (not  of  VIEILLOT)  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me'rid., 
Ois.  p.  326,  1839 — part,  "female,"  Chiquitos. 

Serpophaga  subcristata  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  454,  1861 — part, 
Mendoza  (spec,  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103, 
1 868 — part,  Estiva,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  613 — part,  Chiquitos;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  102,  1888 — part,  spec.  1-m,  Cosquin,  Cordoba;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ, 
Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  KOSLOWSKY,  Rev. 
Mus.  La  Plata,  6,  p.  280,  1895 — Chilecito,  La  Rioja. 

Serpophaga  verticata  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis, 
6,  p.  12,  1890 — Rio  Grande,  Bolivia  (crit.). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina,  from  Mendoza,  Cordoba,  and  Santa 
Fe*  northwards;  eastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Santa  Cruz);  western  Matto 
Grosso,  Brazil  (Estiva,  Urucum). 

i:     Brazil  (Urucum  de  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  i). 

*Serpophaga  cinerea  cinerea  (Tschudi}.   TSCHUDI'S  SERPOPHAGA. 

Leptopogon  cinereus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  Heft  3,  p.  276,  May  1844 — 
Peru  =  vicinity  of  Tarma,  Dept.  Junin,  Peru. 

Euscarthmus  cinereus  STRICKLAND,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  No.  86,  p.  414, 
June  1844 — "Chile"  (errore);  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  165,  1846 — 
vicinity  of  Tarma. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  458,  1858 — Cuenca  and  Guala- 
quiza,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  1866, 
p.  99 — Lima;  idem  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  185 — Guadalupe,  Peru;  TACZAN- 
OWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  535 — near  Lima;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  233 — Tambillo; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  p.  613 — Baganti,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e., 
1880,  p.  203 — Tambillo  (egg  descr.);  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e., 
1883,  p.  553 — Chimbo;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  236,  1884 — Sierra  de 
Tarma,  Lima,  Tambillo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  103,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  i-m,  Riobamba,  Cuenca,  Sical,  Baganti;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  379 — Lima;  idem,  I.e.,  1896,  p.  361 — La  Mer- 
ced; SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  n,  1895 — Cajamarca;  HARTERT,  I.e.,  5,  p.  486, 
1898 — Mount  Cayambe,  Paramba,  northern  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  6,  1899 — Sigsig,  Gualaquiza,  Tumbaco, 
Rio  Peripa;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703 — Intac,  Mindo,  Chillo  Valley; 
MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geog.  Mes.  Arc  Me'rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  652,  1911 — 
Tumbaco  and  San  Nicolas. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  cana  (not  of  BANGS)  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  453,  1918 
Huancabamba,  Peru. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  cinerea  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  92,  1921 — 
Idma,  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Chospiyoc,  Calca,  and  Pisac,  Urubamba  region. 


386  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Andes  of  western  Bolivia  (Dept.  La  Paz),  Peru,  and 
Ecuador". 

9:  Peru  (San  Ramon,  Dept.  Junin  i ;  Huanuco  4;  Rio  Utcubamba, 
Dept.  Amazonas  i;  Uchco,  Dept.  San  Martin  i);  Ecuador  (Chimbo  i, 
unspecified  i). 

*Serpophaga  cinerea  cana  Bangs*.  COLOMBIAN  SERPOPHAGA. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  cana  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  17,  p.  113,  1904 — 
Chirua  (type),  La  Conception,  and  San  Miguel,  Santa  Marta  region;  HELL- 
MAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1130 — Pueblo  Rico,  Western  Andes,  (crit.); 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  447,  1917 — San  Jos6,  Caldas, 
Ricaurte  (Western  Andes),  Miraflores,  Salento,  Rio  Toch6,  Andalucia,  near 
San  Agustin  (Central  Andes),  Aguadita  and  Quetame  (Eastern  Andes), 
Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  374,  1922 — 
Santa  Marta  region  (crit.). 

Serpophaga  cinerea  (not  of  TSCHUDI  nor  STRICKLAND)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — Sierra  of  MeYida;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Envi- 
gado  and  Frontino,  Antioquia;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  332 — near  Canute,  San- 
tander;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  103,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-h, 
MeYida,  Bogota,  Envigado,  Frontino. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  grisea  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13, 
p.  97,  1899 — Chirua,  La  Conception,  San  Miguel. 

Range:  Andes  of  Colombia  and  western  Venezuela  (Sierra  of 
Merida). 

3 :    Colombia  (Bogota  i,  Salento,  West  Quindio  Andes  i,  San  Jose"  i). 

*Serpophaga  cinerea  grisea  Lawrence.   LAWRENCE'S  SERPOPHAGA. 

Serpophaga  grisea  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  10,  p.  139,  Nov.  1871 — 
near  San  Jose",  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  P-  3*5  (crit.). 

Serpophaga  cinerea  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  147 — 
Santa  Fe"  de  Veragua;  idem,  Ibis,  1869,  p.  319 — Costa  Rica;  BOUCARD, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  62 — Naranjo,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  103,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Costa  Rica,  Santa  Fe",  Chiriqui; 
SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  20,  1888 — part,  Costa 
Rica  and  Panama. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  grisea  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  35,  1902 — 
Boquete,  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  397,  1907 — 

•  Two  specimens  from  Bolivia  (near  La  Paz)  agree  well  with  a  series  from  Peru. 
Nineteen  skins  examined. 

b  Serpophaga  cinerea  cana  BANGS:  Very  close  to  S.  c.  cinerea,  but  paler  gray  above 
and  less  tinged  with  grayish  underneath;  more  like  5.  c.  grisea  in  pale  coloring,  but 
larger,  and  greater  upper  wing-coverts  and  inner  secondaries  more  conspicuously 
margined  with  white. 

This  is  not  a  very  strongly  marked  race,  and  certain  Ecuadorian  specimens  of 
cinerea  are  hardly  distinguishable. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  387 

Costa  Rica  and  Panama;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  724,  1910 — 
Santa  Maria  de  Dota,  Carrillo,  Cachi,  Guapiles  and  Ujurras  de  Ten-aba, 
Costa  Rica  (habits). 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui;  Veragua). 
2:    Costa  Rica  (Turrialba  i);  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiriqui  i). 

Serpophaga  hypoleuca  hypoleuca  Sdater  and  Salvin*.    WHITE-BELLIED 
SERPOPHAGA. 

Serpophaga  hypoleuca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  188 — Blower 
Ucayali,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  278 — Ucayali,  near  Sarayacu;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  138,  1884 — Sarayacu,  Ucayali;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  104,  1888 — lower  Ucayali;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
p.  41,  1902 — Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined);  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  225,  1916 — San  Mateo  de  Caicara,  Alta- 
gratia,  and  Agua  Salada  de  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Orinoco  River. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (Ucayali)  and  Venezuela  (Agua  Salada  de 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Altagracia,  and  Caicara,  Orinoco  River;  San  Fernando, 
Rio  Apure). 

Serpophaga  hypoleuca  pallida  Snethlageb.   PALLID  SERPOPHAGA. 

Serpophaga  pallida  SNETHLAGE,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  15,  p.  194,  1907 — Alcobaca, 
Rio  Tocantins  (type  examined);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  526,  1908 — Alco- 
baca; idem,  I.e.,  61,  p.  524,  1913 — Alcobaca;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  406, 
1914 — Alcobaca. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Pard  (Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocan- 
tins) . 

*Serpophaga  nigricans  (  Vieillof).   BLACKISH  SERPOPHAGA. 

Sylvia  nigricans  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  u,  p.  204,  1817 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  167,  Paraguay  and  La  Plata  River. 

a  Serpophaga  hypoleuca  hypoleuca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Upper  parts  light  brownish 
gray,  more  purely  gray  on  pileum;  median  crown  feathers  much  elongated  (much 
Broader  and  more  rigid  than  in  S.  subcristata,  and  somewhat  recalling  the  crest  of 
Lophotriccus),  dull  black,  conspicuously  white  at  base;  wing-coverts  dark  brownish 
gray,  without  trace  of  paler  edges;  remiges  and  rectrices  dusky,  along  outer  webs 
barely  fringed  with  brownish  gray;  under  parts  white,  sides  of  breast  faintly  tinged 
with  grayish;  bill  black.  Wing  48-50^;  tail  48-50X1  bill  9^-10. 

The  description  of  this  very  distinct  species  is  based  on  two  specimens  from 
Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco,  in  the  Tring  Museum  and  two  others  from  San  Fernando, 
Rio  Apure  in  the  collection  of  the  Museum  d'Histoire  Naturelle  at  Paris.  They 
should  be  compared  with  material  from  the  type  locality. 

b  Serpophaga  hypoleuca  pallida  SNETHLAGE:  Very  similar  to  S.  h.  hypoleuca,  but 
bill  somewhat  smaller  (shorter  and  slenderer) ;  anterior  and  lateral  portions  of  the 
crown  paler  cinereous,  the  median  crown  feathers  less  elongated;  back  rather  more 
brownish  gray;  throat  more  purely  white,  the  grayish  tinge  on  sides  of  chest  barely 
suggested.  Wing  (one  female)  50;  tail  48;  bill  9. 

The  type  was  directly  compared  with  specimens  from  Venezuela  (Caicara  and 
San  Fernando  de  Apure),  but  whether  the  latter  really  represent  typical  hypoleuca  I 
have  no  means  of  ascertaining. 


388  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Tachuris  nigricans  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  55,  1837 — Maldonado  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'ORBIGNY, 
Voyage  Am6r.  m£rid.,  Ois.,  p.  334,  1839 — Maldonado  and  Buenos  Aires. 

Euscarthmus  cinereus  (not  of  STRICKLAND)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras., 
2,  p.  526,  1856 — Congonhas  and  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (spec,  in  Halle 
Museum  examined);  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — "Mendoza"  (errore, 
the  specimen  examined  in  the  Halle  Museum  is  from  Parana). 

Euscarthmus  nigricans  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  492,  1856 — 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  STERNBERG,  Journ.  Orn.,  17,  p.  262,  1869 — Tablada  Vieja, 
Buenos  Aires  (nest  descr.);  HOLTZ,  I.e.,  18,  p.  7,  1870 — Buenos  Aires  (egg 
descr.);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Poren.,  1870,  p.  349 — 
Lagoa  Santa  (Minas),  Bananal,  Agoas  Pretas,  and  Morro  Queimado  (Sao 
Paulo). 

Serpophaga  nigricans  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  50,  1839 — Maldonado; 
BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  454,  1861 — Parana,  Entrerios  (spec,  in 
Halle  Museum  examined);  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  2 — Buenos  Aires; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  142 — Conchitas;  EULER,  Journ.  Orn.,  16, 
p.  184,  1868 — Cantagallo  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  DOERING,  Period.  Zool.  Arg., 
I,  p.  252,  1874 — Ri°  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes;  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  177 
— Buenos  Aires;  DALGLEISH,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edin.,  6,  p.  248,  1881 — 
Est.  de  la  Tala,  Prov.  Durazno,  Uruguay  (egg  descr.);  WHITE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1882,  p.  606 — Itapua,  Misiones;  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  199, 
1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  HOLMBERG,  Act.  Ac. 
Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  5,  p.  78,  1884 — Collon-guayti,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  BER- 
LEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  130,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo 
Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  141,  1888 
— Argentina  (habits);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  104,  1888 — 
Conchitas,  Punta  Lara  (Buenos  Aires),  Cosquin  (Cordoba),  La  Plata,  Mal- 
donado, Rio  Negro;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba, 
10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  HOLLAND,  Ibis,  1891,  p.  16 — Est.  Espartillar, 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  idem,  Ibis,  1892,  p.  199 — Est.  Espartillar  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.);  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  p.  178 — Uruguay;  SALVADOR!,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  14,  1897 — Tala,  Salta;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Mundo  Novo,  Pedras  Brancas;  idem,  Rev. 
Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  188,  1899 — Tiete,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — 
Cantagallo  and  Novo  Friburgo;  EULER,  I.e.,  p.  41,  1900  (nesting  habits); 
LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Potrerillos  and  Rio  Calera, 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — same  localities;  IHER- 
ING, Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  276,  1907 — Tiete",  Cachoeira,  and  Rio  Mogy- 
guassti,  Sao  Paulo;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  197,  1909 — 
Barracas  al  Sud  and  San  Martino  Monte  (Buenos  Aires),  La  Soledad  (En- 
trerios), Cosquin  (Cordoba);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  330, 
1910 — range  in  Argentina;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  339,  1912 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay; 
GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  117 — Los  Ynglases  and  Luiconia,  Aj6  (Buenos  Aires), 
Villa  Oliva  (Paraguay);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1914 — Mondaih,  Alto 
Parana;  HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  393,  1916 — Las  Talas,  La  Plata;  GIBSON,  Ibis, 
1918,  p.  402 — Cape  San  Antonio,  Buenos  Aires;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2, 
p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones,  Uruguay;  DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  2,  p.  268, 
1922 — Las  Rosas,  Buenos  Aires;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  168,  1923 — Zelaya, 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  389 

Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  647,  1924 — 
Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  188,  1925 — Maldonado 
(range);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  321,  1926 — Buenos  Aires 
and  Uruguay. 

Serpophaga  cinerea  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  103,  1868 — Ypanema,  Pahor,  and 
Porto  do  Jacarehy,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  292, 
1874 — Novo  Friburgo,  Rio  (spec,  examined). 

Serpophaga  nigriceps  (lapsu)  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Minas 
Geraes  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Uruguay;  Paraguay;  northern 
Argentina,  south  to  the  Rio  Negro,  west  to  Cordoba,  Tucumdn,  and 
Salta*. 

3 :  Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucuman  2) ;  Uruguay  (Treinta  y  Tres 
i). 

Genus  INEZIA  Cherrie. 

Inezia  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  390,  1909 — type  by  orig. 
desig.  Capsiempis  caudata  SALVIN. 

Inezia    subflava    subflava    (Sclater   and   Salvin)b.     YELLOW-BELLIED 
INEZIA. 

Serphophaga  JM^cfoScLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  47,  158, 
1873 — "Pard"  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  105,  1888 — "Para";  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  525,  1908 — 
Arumatheua,  Ilha  das  Pacas,  Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocantins;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  501, 
1908 — Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  61,  p.  524,  1913 — lower  Amazon; 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  405,  1914 — Rio  Tocantins  (Alcobaca,  Ilha  das 
Pacas,  Arumatheua),  Rio  Iriri  (Santa  Julia),  Rio  Curud  (Malocca  do  Manuel- 
sinho),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Goyana,  Villa  Braga),  Rio  Jamauchim  (Santa  Helena, 
Tucunare"). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  the  Tocantins 
to  the  Tapaj6z. 

Inezia  subflava  caudata  (Salvin).   SALVIN'S  INEZIA. 

Capsiempis  caudata  SALVIN,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  7,  p.  XVI,  1897 — Ourumee,  British 
Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

•  Eighteen  specimens  from  Brazil,  Uruguay,  and  Argentina  examined. 

b  Inezia  subflava  subflava  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  closely  resembles  the  better 
known  /.  s.  caudata,  from  Venezuela  and  Guiana,  but  differs  principally  by  more 
olivaceous  (less  brownish)  upper  parts,  without  any  grayish  suffusion  on  forehead; 
more  yellowish  sides  of  the  head;  less  white  on  chin,  and  deeper  yellow  under  parts, 
without  buffy  tinge  on  throat  and  foreneck;  bill  on  average  smaller.  Wing  46-51; 
tail  47-54;  bill  10. 

Material  examined. — "Pard"  (the  type)  i,  Ilha  das  Pacas,  Tocantins  i,  Aru- 
matheua i,  Alcobaca  2,  Ilha  de  Goyana,  Tapaj6z  i,  Villa  Braga  i. 


390  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Serpophaga  orenocensis  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  40,  1902 — 
Altagracia  (type),  Quiiibana  de  Caicara,  Caicara,  and  Munduapo,  Rio 
Orinoco,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Serpophaga  helenae  CHUBB,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  40,  p.  61,  1919 — Bartica  (type)  and 
Abary  River,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  169,  1921 — same 
localities. 

Serpophaga  caudata  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  323,  1906 — Ourumee  (Brit. 
Guiana),  Altagracia  (Venezuela),  Paramaribo  (Surinam)  (crit.);  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  168,  1921 — Bartica  and  Ourumee. 

Inezia  caudata  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  224,  1916 — banks  of 
the  Orinoco  from  Las  Barrancas,  in  the  delta  region,  up  as  far  as  Munduapo, 
beyond  the  falls  of  Maipures. 

Inezia  subflava  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  CHERRIE,  I.e.,  p.  225,  1916 — 
Munduapo  and  Nericagua,  Orinoco  River. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela,  in  the 
Orinoco  Valley  from  Las  Barrancas  up  to  beyond  the  falls  of  Maipures, 
and  on  the  Apure  River  (San  Fernando) a. 

*Inezia  subflava  intermedia  Cory*.  CORY'S  INEZIA. 

Inezia  caudata  intermedia  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  289, 
1913 — Rio  Aurare,  fifteen  miles  east  of  Maracaibo,  Zulia,  Venezuela;  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  447,  1916 — Algodonal,  south  of 
Calamar,  Magdalena  Valley,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  375,  1922 — Fundaci6n,  Mamatoco,  Dibulla,  Arroya  de  Arenas, 
and  Valencia,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Northwestern  Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  east  of  Maracaibo, 
northern  Zulia)  and  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region;  lower 
Magdalena). 

i :    Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  i). 

•  Birds  from  the  middle  stretches  of  the  Orinoco  (Altagracia,  Caicara)  agree  per- 
fectly with  others  from  British  and  Dutch  Guiana.  The  coloration  is  rather  variable, 
some  specimens  being  much  more  brownish  above  than  others  taken  at  the  same 
localities.  An  individual  of  this  dark-backed  variety  was  described  by  Chubb  as 
S.  helenae.  The  amount  of  buffy  suffusion  below  is  also  subject  to  considerable  varia- 
tion. An  adult  male  from  Munduapo  and  an  unsexed  specimen  from  San  Fernando, 
Rio  Apure  closely  approach  the  western  race  intermedia,  by  having  very  little  buffy 
on  the  f  oreneck. 

Material  examined. — Dutch  Guiana:  near  Paramaribo  3.  British  Guiana: 
Ourumee  i,  Bartica  Grove  2.  Venezuela:  Altagracia  7,  Quiribana  de  Caicara  i, 
Caicara  3,  Munduapo  i,  San  Fernando,  Rio  Apure  i. 

b  Inezia  subflava  intermedia  CORY:  Very  similar  to  /.  s.  caudata,  but  slightly 
more  olivaceous  above;  wing  bands  more  whitish;  under  parts  brighter  as  well  as 
more  uniform  yellow,  with  the  buffy  tinge  on  the  chest  barely  suggested.  Wing  53 ; 
tail  54-55;  bill  ii. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Rio  Aurare  i.  Colombia:  Aracataca  i, 
Algodonal  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  391 

Genus  XENOPSARIS  Ridgway. 

Xenopsaris  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  479,  Oct.  22,  1891 — type 
Pachyrhamphus  albinucha  BURMEISTER. 

Prospoietus  CABANIS,  Bericht  Deuts.  Orn.  Ges.,  9,  p.  4,  Nov.  30,  1891 — type 
Pachyrhamphus  albinucha  BURMEISTER;  idem,  Journ.  Orn.,  40,  p.  126,  1892. 

Xenopsaris  albinucha  albinucha  (Burmeister) .   WHITE-NAPED  XENOP- 
SARIS. 

Pachyrhamphus  albinucha  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  for  Dec.  1868,  p.  635, 
1869 — sedges  of  the  shores  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  near  Buenos  Aires;  STEM- 
PELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba. 

Xenopsaris  albinucha  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  14,  p.  480,  1901 — Buenos 
Aires;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1893,  p.  166,  168,  pi.  7 — Buenos  Aires;  LILLO, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  188,  1902 — Tucuman  and  Malvinas,  Prov. 
Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  51,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER, 
Ornis,  12,  p.  221,  1904 — Santa  Ana,  Tucuman;  HARTERT  and  VENTURI, 
Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  192,  1909 — Tucuman,  Ilhas  Tigre  (Prov.  Buenos  Aires), 
Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  312,  1910 — same  localities;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturwiss. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  70,  1910 — Carnahyba,  near  Joazeiro,  Bahia  and 
Ilha  San  Martin,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Bol. 
Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  348,  1914 — part,  excl.  Venezuela;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  9,  p.  443,  pi.  8,  fig.  10  (egg),  1914 — Joazeiro  and  Barra,  Rio  Sao  Fran- 
cisco, Bahia  (spec,  examined);  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  643,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  294,  1926 — near  Laguna  Wall,  Paraguayan  Chaco,  and  Monteagudo, 
Tucuman. 

Prospoietus  albinucha  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  40,  p.  126,  1892 — Argentina  (crit.). 

Range:  Sedges  of  river  banks  in  Argentina  (prov.  Buenos  Aires, 
Santa  Fe,  Cordoba,  and  Tucuman),  Paraguay  (Chaco),  and  Brazil 
(Joazeiro,  Barra,  Carnahyba,  State  of  Bahia;  Rio  Parnahyba,  State  of 
Piauhy) b. 

Xenopsaris  albinucha  minor  Hellmayr*.   ORINOCAN  XENOPSARIS. 

•  The  systematic  position  of  this  genus  is  much  disputed.  While  Cabanis,  Ber- 
lepsch  and  Hartert  refer  it  to  the  Tyrannidae  and  insist  on  its  affinities  to  Knipolegus, 
Serpophaga  and  Suiriri,  Ridgway  and  Cherrie  place  it  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Pachyrhamphus  among  the  Cotingidae.  Anamotical  researches  alone  can  decide  the 
question. 

b  Material  examined. — Argentina:  Ilhas  Tigre,  Buenos  Aires  i  Tucuman  3, 
Santa  Ana,  Tucumdn  i,  Simoca.  Tucuman  2,  Ocampo,  Santa  Fe"  2.  Brazil:  Joazeiro 
i,  Carnahyba,  Bahia  i;  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  i. 

c  Xenopsaris  albinucha  minor  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  X.  a.  albinucha  in  colora- 
tion, but  decidedly  smaller  (wing  of  male  60-62,  against  64-66;  tail  53-57,  against 
58-61). 

Material  examined. — Fourteen  specimens  from  the  Orinoco  region. 


392  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Xenopsaris  albinucha  minor  HELLMAYR,  Anzeiger  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  3,  p.  17,  Oct. 
1920 — Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela. 

Xenopsaris  albinucha  (not  of  BURMEISTER)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9»  P-  36,  pi.  12,  fig.  i,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco,  and  La 
Pricion,  Caura  River  (spec,  examined) ;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  348, 
1914 — part,  Venezuela;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  253, 
1916 — along  the  middle  Orinoco  from  Ciudad  Bolivar  up  as  far,  at  least,  as 
Caicara  (crit.,  tarsal  covering  descr.). 

Range:    Venezuela  (banks  of  the  Orinoco  and  Caura  Rivers). 


Genus  MECOCERCULUS  Sclater. 

Myiarchus  BONAPARTE  (not  of  CABANIS  1844),  Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.  188,  1850 — 
type  Tyrannula  setophagoides  BONAPARTE. 

Mecocerculus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1862,  p.  113 — new  name  for  Myiarchus 
BONAPARTE,  preoccupied. 

^Mecocerculus  leucophrys   leucophrys    (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny). 
WHITE-BROWED  MECOCERCULUS. 

Muscicapa  leucophrys  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  53,  1837 — Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  leucophrys  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  meYid.,  Ois.,  p.  327,  1839 — 
type  stated  to  be  from  Yanacache,  Prov.  Yungas. 

Ochthoeca  setophagoides  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lon  d. 
1879,  p.  611 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  27,  1888 — part, 
spec,  o,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292, 
p.  15,  1897 — Tala  and  Lesser,  Salta;  OUSTALET,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris, 
10,  p.  45,  1904 — Lagunita,  Tucuman;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — La- 
gunita;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  47,  1905 — Tucuman;  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  317,  1910 — prov.  Salta  and  Tucuman; 
CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  i,  1924 — Limbani  (Peru),  Bolivia  and 
Prov.  Tucuman. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  leucophrys  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p. 
495.  1917 — Tucuman  and  southern  Peru;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  32,  p.  185,  1925 — 
Bolivia  and  Argentina  (crit.);  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  314, 
1926 — above  Tafi  Viejo,  Tucuman. 

Range:  Extreme  southeastern  Peru  (Limbani,  Dept.  Puno),  Bolivia, 
and  northwestern  Argentina  (in  prov.  Salta  and  Tucuman)*. 

9:    Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucuman  8;  Las  Pavas,  Tucuman  i). 

•  Material  examined. — Peru:  Limbani  i.  Bolivia:  Yanacache,  Yungas  i,  Coca- 
pata  4,  Pucuyuni  i,  San  Antonio  i,  San  Cristobal  i.  Argentina:  Tafi  Viejo  i, 
Lagunita  i,  Tucuman  3,  Concepcion  8,  Las  Pavas  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  393 

^Mecocerculus  leucophrys  brunneomarginatus    Chapman*.     BROWN- 
EDGED  MECOCERCULUS. 
Mecocerculus  setophagoides  brunneomarginata  CHAPMAN,   Amer.   Mus.   Novit., 

118,  p.   i,   1924 — Cedrobamba,  above  Matchu  Picchu,  Urubamba  Valley, 

Peru. 
Ochthoeca  rufimarginata  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1896,  p.  357 — Maraynioc  (spec,  examined). 
Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides    (not   of   BONAPARTE)    CHAPMAN,    Bull. 

U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  88,  1921 — above  Matchu  Picchu  and  above  Toron- 

toy,  Peru. 

Range :  Humid  Temperate  Zone  of  Peru,  in  depts.  Huanuco,  Junin, 
and  Cuzco  (Urubamba  Valley) b. 

3:     Peru  (Huanuco  Mountains,  Huanuco  3). 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  rufomarginatus  (Lawrence}.  RUFOUS-EDGED 
MECOCERCULUS. 

Ochthoeca  rufomarginatus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  266, 
1869 — Quito  Valley,  Ecuador. 

Ochthoeca  rufomarginata  acrophila  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  61 
1902 — "Rio  Napo"  (type  examined). 

Ochthoeca  rufimarginata  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  87 — San  Rafael;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  25,  1888 — spec,  a-d, 
Sical  and  Intac,  Ecuador;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
14,  No.  362,  p.  3,  1899 — El  Troje  (Huaca),  Chinquil  (Lloa,  Prov.  Pichincha), 
Frutillas  and  Papallacta;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  701 — western  side  of 
Pichincha  and  Coraz6n  (spec,  examined);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£ogr. 
Mes.  Arc  Me'rid.  fiquat.,  9,  p.  648,  1911 — Lloa  and  Mindo  road. 

Ochthoeca  rufomarginata  LONNBERG  and  RENDALL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72, 
1922 — near  Calacali,  Lloa,  and  Chinquil. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  rufimarginatus  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 
78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  74,  1912  (crit.). 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  430,  1917 — part,  Valle  de  las  Pappas,  Laguneta. 
and  Santa  Isabel,  Central  Andes,  Colombia. 

Mecocerculus  setophagoides  rufomarginata  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118, 
p.  i,  1924 — El  Tambo  (Piura),  Ecuador  and  Central  Andes  of  Colombia 
(crit.). 

•  Mecocerculus  leucophrys  brunneomarginatus  (CHAPMAN)  :  Nearly  allied  to  M .  I. 
rufomarginatus,  but  paler,  more  olivaceous  brown  above,  with  the  crown  less  dusky 
and  hardly  different  from  color  of  back;  wing  bands  slightly  paler,  less  rufous; 
abdomen  brighter  yellow.  Wing  (male)  71-74,  (female)  66-67;  tail  72-79,  (female) 
70-71. 

Material  examined. — Maraynioc  i,  Huanuco  Mts.  3. 

b  In  the  absence  of  material  I  cannot  decide  whether  specimens  from  Cutervo  and 
Nancho,  recorded  as  O.  rufimarginata,  by  Taczanowski  (P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  202; 
Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  196,  1884)  are  referable  to  brunneomarginatus  or  rufomarginatus. 


394  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Central  Andes  of  Colombia;  Andes  of  Ecuador  and  north- 
western Peru  (El  Tambo,  western  slope,  Dept.  Piura)". 

*Mecocerculus  leucophrys  notatus  Toddb.  MARKED  MECOCERCULUS. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  notatus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  114,  1919 — • 
Leonera,  near  Caldas  (on  the  railroad  from  Buenaventura  to  Cali),  Western 
Andes,  Colombia. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  430,  1917 — part,  Paramillo  and  Andes  west  of 
Popayan. 

Mecocerculus  setophagoides  notatus  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  i,  1924 — 
Western  Andes  [of  Colombia]. 

Range :    Western  Andes  of  Colombia. 

2:    Colombia  (Coast  range  west  of  Popayan  2). 

^Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  (Bonaparte)".   BONAPARTE'S 
MECOCERCULUS. 

Tyrannula  setophagoides  BONAPARTE,  Atti  della  sesta  Riunione  degli  Scienziati 
Italiani,  Milano,  1844,  p.  405,  1845 — Santa  Fe  de  Bogota  (type  in  Coll. 
Antinori);  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  149,  1855 — Bogota. 

Elainea  gularis  MADARASZ,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  i,  p.  462,  1903 — Escorial, 
Andes  of  M6rida  (type  examined). 

Myiarchus  setophagoides  BONAPARTE,  Consp.  Av.,  i,  p.  188,  1850 — Bogota. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat. 
Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  199,  1862 — Bogotd;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  27, 
1888— part,  spec,  c-h,  Bogota,  "Merida." 

Ochthoeca  setophagoides  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — Paramo 
of  Merida;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  331 — between  Bucaramanga  and  Ocana. 

8  Five  specimens  from  above  Papallacta  (acrophtta)  are  indistinguishable  from  a 
series  of  twelve  from  the  western  slope  of  the  Ecuadorian  Andes  (Pichincha  and 
Coraz6n).  Birds  from  the  Central  Andes  of  Colombia  which  we  have  not  seen  are 
referred  by  F.  M.  Chapman  to  the  present  form. 

b  Mecocerculus  leucophrys  notatus  TODD  appears  to  combine  the  pale  lower  parts 
of  setophagoides  with  the  deep  sooty  brown  dorsal  surface  and  tawny  wing-markings 
of  rufomarginatus.  In  size  it  more  nearly  agrees  with  setophagoides,  while  the  upper 
chest  is  slightly  more  clouded  with  grayish  than  in  East  Andean  specimens.  _  The 
two  only  examples  examined  are  not  very  satisfactory,  and  additional  material  is 
required  to  establish  its  characters. 

0  Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  (BONAPARTE)  :  Closely  similar  to  M.  I. 
leucophrys,  of  Bolivia,  but  upper  parts  more  brownish,  less  olive,  and  edges  to 
secondaries  generally  more  buffy. 

Birds  from  the  Paramo  de  Tama  and  Sierra  of  MeYida  (gularis],  while  approach- 
ing nigriceps  in  whitish  wing-markings,  seem  nevertheless  better  referred  to  seto- 
phagoides on  account  of  their  larger  size. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  35,  Chipaque  12,  Bucaramanga  i, 
Paramo  de  Tama  3.  Venezuela:  Andes  of  M&ida  6. 


1927-  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  395 

Mecocerculus  setophagoides  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  297,  1884 — Bucara- 
manga  (spec,  examined). 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  495,  1917 — Bogota;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  430, 
1917 — part,  El  Pinon  and  Chipaque,  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia;  BANGS  and 
PENARD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  90,  1921 — Las  Ventanas  (Santander) 
and  Bogota. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  nigriceps  (not  of  CHAPMAN)  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  90,  1921 — part,  Me"rida. 

Range :  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  and  adjacent  parts  of  western 
Venezuela  (Sierra  of  Me"rida). 

7 :  Colombia  (Bogota  i ;  Paramo  de  Tama  2) ;  Venezuela  (Paramo 
de  Tama  i;  Rio  Mucuj6n  i,  Escorial  i,  Conejos  i). 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  nigriceps  Chapman*.    VENEZUELAN  MECO- 
CERCULUS. 

Mecocerculus  nigriceps  CHAPMANb,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  12,  p.  154, 
August  1899 — Los  Palmales,  Bermudez,  northeastern  Venezuela. 

Myiopatis  montensis  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13,  p.  97,  Nov.  1899 — Paramo 
de  Macotama  (type),  Macotama,  and  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  Santa  Marta 
region. 

Ochthoeca  setophagoides  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1868,  p.  1 68,  170 — Caracas. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  27,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  i,  f,  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa 
Marta,  Caracas. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg., 

78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  73,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  (crit.). 
Mecocerculus  leucophrys  nigriceps  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  494, 

1917 — part,  Caracas  and"Cumana"  (crit.);  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Proc.  Biol. 

Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  90,   1921 — part,  Los  Palmales,  Paramo  de  Rosas,  Est. 

Lara,  Santa  Marta  region;  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  191,  p.  8,  1925 — 

Carapas  and  Turumiquire,  Bermudez  (crit.). 

•  Mecocerculus  leucophrys  nigriceps  CHAPMAN:  Very  similar  to  M.  I.  setophagoides, 
but  decidedly  smaller;  upper  parts  paler  and  more  olivaceous,  with  the  crown  less 
blackish;  edges  to  secondaries  more  whitish,  and  wing  bars  on  average  paler,  less 
tinged  with  ochraceous. 

A  large  series  from  northwestern  Venezuela  (Lara,  Carabobo,  Caracas  region)  is 
apparently  identical  with  two  topotypes  from  Bermudez.  Ten  skins  from  the  Santa 
Marta  region  (montensis)  agree  in  coloration,  but  approach  setophagoides  by  their 
somewhat  longer  tails. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Los  Palmales,  Bermudez  2;  Galipdn,  Cerro 
del  Avila  19,  Silla  de  Caracas  i ;  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  3;  Mts.  near  Bucarito, 
Tocuyo,  Lara  i.  Colombia:  Santa  Marta  district  10. 

b  Elaenea  leucophrys  CABANIS  (Arch.  Naturg.,  13  (i),  p.  250,  1847 — Venezuela), 
was  probably  based  on  an  example  of  this  form.  Unfortunately,  the  type  does  not 
any  longer  exist  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 


396  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  setophagoides  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  388,  1922 — San  Lorenzo,  San  Miguel,  Paramo  de 
Mamarongo,  and  Cerro  de  Caracas,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  North  coast  mountains  of  Venezuela  (from  Bermudez 
west  to  Lara)  and  Santa  Marta  district,  in  northern  Colombia. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  roraimae   Hellmayr*.    RORAIMA  MECOCER- 

CULUS. 
Mecocerculus  leucophrys  roraimae  HELLMAYR,  Anz.  Orn.  Ges.  Bayern,  4,  p.  30, 

March  1921 — Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 

Wash.,  34,  p.  90,  June  1921 — Roraima. 
Ochthoeca  setophagoides  (not  of  BONAPARTE)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1885, 

p.  291 — Roraima. 
Mecocerculus  leucophrys  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 

Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  27,  1888 — part,  spec,  k-n,  Roraima. 
Mecocerculus  leucophrys  subsp.  nov.?  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 

p.  495,  1917 — Roraima. 
Mecocerculus  setophagoides  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  134,  1921 — "Supe- 

naam  River,  Bartica,  Bonasika"b,  Roraima. 

Range:    Mount  Roraima,  British  Guiana. 

^Mecocerculus  stictopterus  stictopterus  (Sclater).    WING-TIPPED  ME- 
COCERCULUS. 

Elainia  stictoptera  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  554,  pi.  146,  fig.  2, 1858 — Matosf 
Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  68,  1860 — Chillanes;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  79,  1860 — Lloa. 

8  Mecocerculus  leucophrys  roraimae  HELLMAYR:  Similar  to  M.  I.  nigriceps  in 
size,  but  upper  parts  very  much  darker,  and  wing  bars  decidedly  ochraceous;  more 
nearly  agreeing  in  coloration  with  M.  I.  setophagoides,  but  much  smaller.  Wing  57-63 ; 
tail  58-63;  bill  10-10.5. 

Material  examined. — Roraima  8. 

MEASUREMENTS 

MALES  WING  TAIL 

Eight  from  Eastern  Andes,  Colombia  (setophagoides)  69-73  67-75 

Two  from  Paramo  de  Tama  (setophagoides)  69,71  70,72 

Three  from  Sierra  of  M6rida  ("gularis")  68,69,72  68,71,72 

Five  from  Santa  Marta  Mts.  ("montensis")  65-69  66-72 

Thirteen  from  Caracas  region  (nigriceps)  62-67  63-70 

One  from  Cumbre  de  Valencia  (nigriceps)  62  64 

Three  from  Roraima  (roraimae)  58-64  60-63 

FEMALES 

Seven  from  Eastern  Andes,  Colombia  (setophagoides)  60-65  >£  61-67 

One  from  Paramo  de  Tama  (setophagoides)  64  63 

Two  from  Sierra  of  Merida  ("gularis")  61,64  59,65 

Six  from  Caracas  region  (nigriceps  58-61  61-64 

One  from  Los  Palmales  (nigriceps)  61  62 

One  from  Roraima  (roraimae)  57  58 

b  Localities  no  doubt  incorrect.  Like  its  allies,  this  form  is  certainly  not  found  in 
the  Tropical  Zone. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  397 

Mecocerculus  alutus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  62,  1902 — 
Ecuador. 

Mecocerculus  stictopterus  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  199,  1862 — Matos, 
Riobamba,  and  Bogota;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884, 
p.  295 — Cechce,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  28,  1888 — 
part,  Ecuador,  Colombia  (Bogota)  and  Me"rida;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  3,  1899 — Pun,  Papallacta,  Chaupi  (Illi- 
niza),  Nanegal,  Frutillas;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid. 
fiquat.,  9,  p.  849,  1911 — Quito;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  431,  1917 — Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Almaguer,  Laguheta,  Santa  Isabel, 
Colomoia;  LSNNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72,  1922 — 
Nanegal  and  Mindo,  Ecuador. 

Ochthoeca  stictoptera  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1871,  p.  750 — Colombia  and  Ecua- 
dor; SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1875,  p.  234 — MeYida;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis, 
1901,  p.  701 — Pichincha,  Coraz6n,  Papallacta,  Mojanda,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Temperate  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  Moun- 
tains), Ecuador0,  and  western  Venezuela  (Sierra  of  MeYida)b. 

4:  Colombia  (Coast  range  west  of  Popayan  i;  Almaguer,  Central 
Andes  i);  Ecuador  (Chical  2). 

*Mecocerculus    stictopterus    taeniopterus     Cdbanis0.     WING-BANDED 

MECOCERCULUS. 

Mecocerculus  taeniopterus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  98,  1874 — central  Peru  = 
Maraynioc  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1874,  p.  533 — Sillapata  and  Maraynioc. 

•The  localities  "Puna  Island"  and  "Jima"  cited  by  Sclater  are  unquestionably 
erroneous. 

b  With  the  material  examined  in  the  present  connection  I  am  unable  to  make  out 
any  geographic  variation  worthy  of  recognition  in  nomenclature.  A  single  bird  from 
above  Papallacta,  eastern  Ecuador  agrees  in  every  respect  with  a  large  series  of 
Bogota  skins,  while  ten  specimens  from  western  Ecuador  (Pichincha,  Coraz6n)  are 
generally  slightly  darker  and  more  brownish  above.  An  adult  from  the  coast  range 
west  of  Popayan,  however,  resembles  the  eastern  birds  in  color  of  back. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Sierra  of  MeYida  i.  Colombia:  "Bogptd"  19, 
Almaguer,  Central  Andes  3,  range  west  of  Popayan  i.  Ecuador:  Pichincha  5, 
Coraz6n  4,  Mojanda  i,  Papallacta  i,  Govinda  i. 

c  Mecocerculus  stictopterus  taeniopterus  CABANIS:  Differs  from  M.  s.  stictopterus 
in  much  lighter  and  greener  (nearest  to  dark  citrine,  instead  of  deep  brownish  olive) 
color  of  the  back  wfth  the  edges  to  the  inner  remiges  generally  paler,  lessoch- 
raceous.  Wing  (male)  65-71,  (female)  60-63;  tail  61-68,  (female)  54-59;  bill  9-10. 

The  type  having  been  preserved  in  alcohol  has  lost  all  trace  of  greenish  and 
yellowish  tints  in  its  plumage,  but  proportions  and  shape  of  bill  leave  no  doubt  as 
to  its  identity  with  the  form  separated  by  Oberholser  as  M.  s.  euplastus.  While 
specimens  from  Huanuco  and  southwards  are  easily  separable  by  their  greenish  back, 
in  northern  Peru  this  race  so  gradually  passes  into  typical  stictopterus  that  it  is  hard 
to  draw  a  definite  line  between  their  ranges.  An  adult  female  from  Leimabamba  is  a 
typically  green-backed  taeniopterus,  but  a  male  from  Molinopampa  is  as  deeply 
brownish  olive  above  as  any  Ecuadorian  example. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Leimabamba  i,  Molinopampa  i;  Maraynioc  2; 
Huanuco  Mts.  2,  Panao  Mts.,  Huanuco  3;  Torontoy,  Urubamba  2;  Marcapata, 
alt.  3000  metr.,  Dept.  Cuzco  i.  Bolivia:  Cocapata  2. 


398  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mecocerculus  stictopterus  euplastus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25, 
p.  63,  1902  —  Maraynioc  (type  examined). 

Ochthoeca  stictoptera  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  202  — 
Cutervo. 

Mecocerculus  stictopterus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  18  —  Tamia- 
pampa;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  201,  1884  —  Pumamarca,  Maraynioc,  Sillapata, 
Cutervo,  Tambillo,  Tamiapampa,  Paucal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  28,  1888  —  part,  Peru. 

Mecocercidus  stictopterus  taeniopterus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  362  —  Maraynioc  (crit.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  89, 
1921  —  above  Torontoy  and  Occobamba  Valley,  Urubamba  region. 

Range  :    Temperate  Zone  of  Peru  and  western  Bolivia. 

6:    Peru  (Huanuco  Mts.  2,  Panao  Mts.,  Huanuco  3,  Molinopampa 


Mecocerculus    poecilocercus    (Sclater    and    Salviri)*.     WHITE  -TAILED 
MECOCERCULUS. 

Serpophaga  poecilocerca  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  47, 
158,  1873  —  Puellaro,  Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  233  — 
Tambillo;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  703  —  Nanegal. 

Mecocerculus  poecilocercus  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  297,  1884  —  Bucara- 
manga;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  203,  1884  —  Tambillo  and  Lanchepata; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  295  —  Chaguarpata; 
idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  87  —  Bafios,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  29,  1888  —  Puellaro,  Bogota,  Tambillo,  Jima,  "Pasto";  SALVADORI  and 
FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  3,  1899  —  Gualea  and  Niebli, 
Ecuador;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  geogr.  Mes.  Arc  Mend.  Equat.,  9,  p.  650  — 
Gualea,  "Quito";  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  431,  1917  — 
Cerro  Munchique,  Salento,  El  Eden,  Aguadita,  El  Roble,  Colombia;  idem, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  89,  1921  —  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  region; 
LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  72,  1922  —  Niebli,  Tum- 
baco,  road  to  Mindo,  Ecuador. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  range),  Ecuador,  and  Peru,  south  to  the  Urubamba  region. 

Mecocerculus  hellmayri  Berlepschb.   HELLMAYR'S  MECOCERCULUS. 

B  Mecocerculus  poecilocercus  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN),  while  nearly  allied  to,  may 
be  distinguished  from,  M.  stictopterus  by  considerably  smaller  size,  somewhat  snorter 
as  well  as  wider  bill,  yellowish  white  upper  tail-coverts  and  inner  webs  of  rectrices, 
and  more  whitish  (less  buffy)  edges  to  the  secondaries.  The  back  is  decidedly  olive 
green,  more  like  M.  s.  taeniopterus. 

Material  examined.  —  Colombia:  "Bogota"  6,  Bucaramanga  i.  Ecuador: 
Nanegal  i. 

b  Mecocerculus  hellmayri  BERLEPSCH:  Agreeing  in  form,  small  size,  and  pale 
lower  mandible  with  M.  poecilocercus,  but  inner  webs  of  rectrices  plain  dusky, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  399 

Mecocerculus  hellmayri  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  358,  Feb.  1907 — Cocapata, 
Dept.  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  Bolivia  (Dept.  Cochabamba). 

Mecocerculus    calopterus    (Sdater    and    Salvin)*.     RUFOUS- WINGED 
MECOCERCULUS. 

Formicivora  caloptera  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  142,  1859 — Pallatanga, 
Ecuador. 

Serpophaga  leucura  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  (3)  5,  p.  384,  pi.  9,  fig.  2,  1875 — Ecuador. 
Serphophaga  caloptera  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1881,  p.  271  (crit.). 
Ochthoeca  caloptera  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  233 — Tambillo,  Peru. 

Mecocerculus  calopterus  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883, 
P-  553 — Chimbo,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  295 — Cayandeled,  Ecuador; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pdr.,  2,  p.  202,  1884 — Tambillo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  29,  1888 — Pallatanga,  Tambillo;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  g£ogr. 
Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  fiquat.,  9,  p.  650,  1911 — "Quito." 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (Pallatanga,  Cayandeled,  Chimbo)  and 
northwestern  Peru  (Tambillo,  Prov.  Jaen). 

^Mecocerculus  minor  (Taczanowski)b.   LESSER  MECOCERCULUS. 

Leptopogon  minor  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  233 — Tambillo,  Peru 
(one  of  the  typical  examples  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  Orn.  P6r., 
2,  p.  247,  1884 — Tambillo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  115,  1888 — 
Tambillo. 

Ochthoeca  consobrina  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis  (5)  3,  p.  289,  1885 — Bogotd  (type  ex- 
amined). 

without  any  white;  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  dark  olive  buff  (somewhat  like 
Tyranniscus  uropygialis) ;  wing  bars  and  edges  to  secondaries  deep  buff  instead  of 
pale  yellowish;  abdomen  strongly  tinged  with  yellowish.  Wing  (two  males)  56-59; 
tail  46-48;  bil!8-8>^. 

This  species  superficially  resembles  M.  stictopterus  taeniopterus,  but  is  much 
smaller  in  all  dimensions,  with  much  shorter  bill,  and  much  more  yellowish  under- 
neath. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:   Cocapata  (including  the  type)  2,  Incachaca  i. 

11  Mecocerculus  calopterus  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  is  another  near  ally  of  M. 
poecilocercus,  agreeing  very  closely  in  structural  characters,  but  may  be  easily  recog- 
nized by  the  rufous  brown  external  edges  to  the  remiges  and  the  entirely  white  outer- 
most rectrix.  Wing  (adult  female)  55;  tail  51. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Cayandeled  i,  Pallatanga  i,  unspecified  2. 

b  Mecocerculus  minor  (TACZANOWSKI),  in  general  coloration,  bears  a  striking 
resemblance  to  Pogonotriccus  poecilotis  (SCLATER),  but  has  a  proportionately  longer 
tail,  blackish  brown  (instead  of  flesh  colored)  legs  and  feet,  and  a  slenderer  bill 
with  dusky  brown  mandible,  while  the  rictal  bristles  are  much  less  developed. 

The  Tambillo  specimen  is  perfectly  identical  with  Bogota  skins. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  (including  type)  18,  Paramo  de  Tama 
i.  Peru:  Tambillo  i. 


400  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mecocerculus  consobrinus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  30,  1888 — Bogotd 
(ex  BERLEPSCH). 

Mecocerculus  minor  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  489,  1907  (crit.). 

Pogonotriccus  plumbeiceps  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  99,  1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Bogota. 

Range:    Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogotd;  Paramo  de  Tama) 
and  northwestern  Peru  (Tambillo,  Prov.  Jaen). 

i     Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama  i). 

Mecocerculus   superciliaris    (Sclater   and   Salvin}*.     RUFOUS-BROWED 
MECOCERCULUS. 

Leptotriccus  superciliaris  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  389 — 
Chitra,  Veragua;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  196 — Chitra  and  Calovevora;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  100,  1888 — same  localities;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  18,  pi.  36,  fig.  2,  1888 — same  localities;  RIDG- 
WAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  411,  1907  (ex  SALVIN  and  GODMAN); 
CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  721,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica. 

Range:    Costa  Rica  (Guayabo),  Panama  (Chitra  and  Calovevora, 
Veragua)  and  Colombia  (Bogota). 


Genus  COLORHAMPHUS  SundevalK 

Colorhamphus  SUNDEVALL,  Meth.  Nat.  Av.  Disp.  Tentamen,  p.  59,  1872 — type 
by  orig.  desig.  Myiobius  parvirostris  DARWIN. 

B  Mecocerculus  superciliaris  (SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  :  Crown  slate  gray,  feathers 
of  forehead  and  occiput  with  blackish  centers;  back  and  lesser  wing  coverts  bright 
grass  green;  median  and  greater  coverts  dusky,  edged  with  the  color  of  the  back; 
remiges  dusky,  exteriorly  edged  with  yellowish  green,  this  edge  widening  into  an 
indistinct  yellowish  apical  spot  on  the  innermost  tertial;  rectrices  dusky,  edged  with 
green.  Nasal  feathers  pure  white;  short  superciliaries  rufous;  cheeks  and  auriculars 
freckled  with  white  and  gray,  posterior  portion  of  auriculars  sooty  black,  surmounted 
by  a  pale  rufous  streak;  sides  of  neck  dark  ashy  gray.  Under  parts  white,  throat 
and  chest  shaded  with  dull  grayish,  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts  slightly  tinged 
with  pale  yellowish;  axillars  pale  yellowish,  under  wing  coverts  and  quill-lining  white; 
legs  horn  brown;  bill  black.  Wing  58;  tail  56;  tarsus  16;  bill  9^. 

The  systematic  position  of  this  species  is  somewhat  uncertain.  In  structure,  it 
agrees  pretty  well  with  M.  leucophrys,  except  for  its  less  rounded  tail,  slenderer 
tarsus,  and  much  smaller,  delicate  feet ;  characters  which  it  shares  with  Pogonotriccus 
flaviventris  of  which  it  also  partakes  of  the  rufous  superciliary  streak.  The  colora- 
tion of  the  under  parts  is  exactly  the  same  as  in  M.  slictopterus. 

The  only  specimen  seen  is  a  Bogota  skin  in  the  Paris  Museum  (Boucard  Col- 
lection). 

b  I  fully  agree  with  Ridgway  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  396,  1907) 
in  considering  this  genus  as  perfectly  distinct  from  Serpophaga.  In  coloration,  the 
genotype  (and  only  known  species)  shows  some  analogy  to  the  members  of  the 
genus  Ochthoeca  to  which  it  was  actually  referred  by  the  late  Count  Berlepsch 
f  Ornis,  14,  p.  470,  1907). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  401 

*Colorhamphus  parvirostris  (Darwin).   SMALL-BILLED  TYRANT. 

Myiobius  parvirostris  DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  48,  July  1839 — Tierra 
del  Fuego,  "banks  of  the  La  Plata"  and  near  Valparaiso,  Chile  (the  type  in 
the  British  Museum  is  marked  "Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia");  BRIDGES,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  n,  p.  no,  1843 — near  Valparaiso. 

Tyranmda  parvirostris  HARTLAUB,  Naumannia,  1853,  p.  212 — Valdivia. 

Serpophaga  parvirostris  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  327,  338 — Chile; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  105,  1888 — Santiago,  Valparaiso,  St. 
Martin's  Cove  (Chile),  Santa  Cruz  (Patagonia);  SCHALOW,  Zool.  Jahrb., 
Suppl.,  4,  p.  714,  1898 — Tumbes,  near  La  Concepcion,  Lapataja,  Beagle 
Channel,  and  Tekenikas  Sound,  False  Cape  Horn,  Chile;  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  365,  1902 — Lapataia  and  Tekenika,  Tierra  del 
Fuego. 

Colorhamphus  parvirostris  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  331,  1910 — 
"Santa  Cruz"  and  Tierra  del  Fuego;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  146, 
1921 — Nilahue,  Prov.  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  185,  1923 — Cordillera  de 
Aconcagua;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  321,  1926 — near  Con- 
con,  Chile. 

Elainea  murina  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Univ.  Chile,  91,  p.  668,  1895 — Santiago;  idem, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  54,  pi.  26,  fig.  2,  1902 — Santiago,  Chile 
(  =  adult). 

Muscicapa  parvirostris  PHILIPPI,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Chile,  Zool.,  15,  p.  55,  pi.  24, 
fig.  i,  la,  1902 — Santiago  and  Valdivia  (=juv.). 

Range :  Chile,  from  the  Province  of  Aconcagua  south  to  Tierra  del 
Fuego8. 

3 :  Chile  (Bafios  de  Cauquenes,  Prov.  O'Higgins  i ;  Quellon,  Chiloe 
Isl.  i;  unspecified  i). 

Subfamily  ELAENIINAE. 

Genus  ELAENIA  Sundevallb. 

Elaenia  SUNDEVALL",  Vetenskaps  Ak.  Handl.  for  1835,  p.  89,  1836 — type  by 
subs,  desig.  (  (SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  406)  Muscicapa  pagana 
LICHTENSTEIN  =  Pipra  flavogaster  THUNBERG. 

•  The  locality  "Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia"  is  open  to  doubt.  Bridges's  "Bolivian" 
specimen  in  the  British  Museum  was  no  doubt  secured  in  Chile,  and  Darwin's 
record  for  "the  banks  of  the  La  Plata"  is  certainly  a  mistake. 

b  Elaenia  is  a  very  natural  genus,  and  with  the  possible  exception  of  E.  ruficeps 
and  E.  leucospodia  which  are  not  available  for  reexamination  at  present,  the  species 
here  arranged  under  this  generic  heading  are  fairly  uniform  in  structural  characters. 
Muscicapara  gaimardii,  which  was  made  the  type  of  Elainopsis  and  transferred  to 
the  Cotingidae  by  Mr.  Ridgway,  I  consider  strictly  congeneric  with  E.  viridicata, 
E.  flavivertex  and  E.  caniceps,  and  these  I  am  unable  to  separate  satisfactorily  from 
the  larger  species  (like  E.  flavogaster,  E.  martinica,  E.  cristata,  etc.).  The  tarsal 
envelope,  the  chief  criterion,  is  an  exceedingly  variable  feature,  varying  in  different 
individuals  of  the  same  species  between  pycaspidean  and  exaspidean. 

0  Variously  emended  to  Elaenea,  Elainea,  Elainia  and  Elania. 


402  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiopagis  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  26,  1888 — type 
by  orig.  desig.  Elainea  placens  SCLATER. 

Elainopsis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  210,  1905 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Elainea  elegans  PELZELN  =  M uscicapara  gaimardii  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Ekenia  flavogaster  flavogaster  (Thunberg).   YELLOW-BELLIED  ELAE- 
NIA. 

Pipra  flavogaster  THUNBERG",  Mem.  Ac.  Sci.  St.  Petersb.,  8,  p.  286,  1822 — 
Brazil  =  Rio  de  Janeiro;  see  L6NNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  241  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  54,  1823 — 
Bahia  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Platyrhynchus  paganus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  13,  pi.  16,  fig.  i,  1825 — Rio  de 
Janeiro;  see  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  646, 
1906  (crit.). 

Muscicapa  brevirostris  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  799,  1831 — Rio  de 
Janeiro;  see  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  232,  1889  (crit.). 

Elania  pagana  JARDINE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  20,  p.  331,  1847 — Tobago. 

ElaeneaP  pagana  CABANIS  in  Schomburgk,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  701,  1848 — 
British  Guiana;  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  476,  1856 — 
Congonhas,  Minas  Geraes;  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn.  Nornaandie,  2,  p.  35, 
1857 — Cayenne;  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  86 — Trinidad;  EULER,  Journ.  Orn., 
15,  p.  228,  1867 — Cantagallo  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628 — San  Esteban,  Venezuela;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  p.  106,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Ypanema  and  Itarare,  Sao  Paulo  (spec, 
examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  598 — Cosnipata, 
Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — Maranura,  Peru;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd. 
naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  342 — Minas  Geraes;  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 — 
Para;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo;  (?)  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Essex  Inst.,  8,  p.  79,  1876 — Santarem;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  P-  513 — Medellin,  Colombia  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  SALVIN  and  GOD- 
MAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  124 — Minca;  FORBES,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  342 — Pernambuco; 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  301,  1884 — Bucaramanga;  SALVIN,  Ibis, 
1885,  p.  294 — Bartica  Grove  and  Roraima,  part;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part,  spec,  o',  p'  (Santa  Marta  and  Minca),  t'-q"' 
(except  k'-m*,  p*,  and  w');  CORY,  Auk,  5,  p.  158,  1888 — Grenada;  idem, 
Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  292,  1889 — Grenada;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
2,  p.  198,  1889  (crit.);  (?)  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7,  p.  278,  1890 — San- 
tarem; BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird,  2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto 
Real,  Rio;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  335,  1892 — Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso,  part  (spec,  examined);  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  6,  p.  38,  1894 — Princes- 
town,  Trinidad;  CORY,  Auk,  10,  p.  220,  1893 — Tobago;  SALVADORI,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — Paraguari,  Paraguay;  PHELPS, 

•  Pipra  flavogaster  THUNBERG  is  not  affected  by  Muscicapa  flavigastra  LATHAM 
1801. 

b  Variously  spelt  Elaenea,  Elainea,  or  Elaenia. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  403 

Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa  and  San  Antonio,  Bermudez;  BANGS, 
Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  idem,  Proc.  New 
Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  i,  p.  78,  1899 — El  Mamon;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3, 
p.  193, 1899 — Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155, 1900 — Cantagallo; 
DALMAS,  M6m.  Soc.  Zool.  France,  13,  p.  138,  1900 — Tobago;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  147,  1900 — Bonda,  Minca,  Onaca,  and  Caca- 
gualito;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  43,  1902 — Altagracia, 
Caicara,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Suapure,  and  La  Pricion, 
Venezuela;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  117,  1904 — Saint- 
Georges  d'Oyapock,  French  Guiana;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  566 — Grenada; 
REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  73,  1910 — Beberibe 
and  Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife  (Pernambuco),  Cabula,  near  Bahia,  Porto  de 
Pedra,  and  Rio  Preto  (Bahia),  Parnagud  (Piauhy). 

Myiobius  martinicus  (not  Muscicapa  martinica  LINNAEUS)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trini- 
dad, p.  224,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Elainea  martinica  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  i,  p.  270,  1878 — Grenada; 
WELLS,  I.e.,  9,  p.  616,  1887 — Grenada  (habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Elainea  pagana  pagana  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  137,  1902 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  23,  1906 — Seelet  and  Ca- 
paro,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  189,  1906 — 
Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Elaenia  flavogaster(ra)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  86,  1906 — 
Santa  Ana,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  384,  1907 — part,  excl.  Ecuadorian 
and  Peruvian  localities  and  references  (monog.,  synon.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  281,  1907 — part,  Piquete,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Itarare',  Avanhandava, 
Bebedouro,  Rio  Mogy  Guassti  (Sao  Paulo)  and  Rio  Doce,  Espirito  Santo; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  133,  1908 — Cayenne,  Roche-Marie,  and  Rio 
Approuague,  French  Guiana;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  585 — Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1913,  p.  204 — Cariaquito  and  Corosal, 
Venezuela;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  408,  1914 — Para,  Rio  Guama 
(Ourem),  Maraj6  (Sao  Natal),  Maraca,  Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru,  Rio 
Jamundd  (Faro);  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — Pocone1 
and  Caceres,  Matto  Grosso;  LIMA,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  12  (2),  p.  99,  1920 — 
Bahia. 

Elaenea  martinica  flavogastra(er)  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  279, 
1905 — Grenada,  Bequia,  Mustique,  and  St.  Vincent;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  361,  1908 — Pointe  Gourde,  Trinidad;  BEEBE,  Zoologica 
(N.  Y.),  i,  p.  97,  1909 — Guanoco,  Orinoco  delta;  (?)  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  338,  1910 — Tucuman;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — 
Alto  Parana,  Paraguay;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  228, 
1916 — Orinoco  from  the  delta  region  to  the  first  falls  (nest  and  eggs  descr.); 
BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  77,  1918 — vicinity  of 
Paramaribo,  Javaweg,  and  Rijsdijkweg,  Surinam. 

Elaenia  pagana  subpagana  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  429, 
1907 — part,  Grenada. 

Elaenia  flavogaster  (grenadensis'?)  [sic]  LOWE,  Ibis,  (9)  3,  p.  310,  1909 — Grenada 
(nomen  nudum). 


404  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenia  flavogaster  flavogaster  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  199, 
1909 — Ocampo,  Santa  F6  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math, 
phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  23,  89,  1912 — Para;  BEEBE,  Zoologica 
(N.  Y.),  2,  p.  89,  1916 — Para;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  455,  1916 — tropical  Colombia  (many  localities);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  94,  1920 — Santa  Ana  and  Idma,  Urubamba  (spec,  exam- 
ined); TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  366,  1922 — Bonda, 
Minca,  Cincinnati,  La  Tigrera,  Tierra  Nueva,  and  Fundaci6n,  Santa  Marta 
region. 

Elaenia  flavogaster  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  304,  1919 — 
Supenaam,  British  Guiana. 

Elaenea  pagana  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  186,  1921 — numer- 
ous localities. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (Prov.  Santa  F6);  eastern  Bolivia; 
southeastern  Peru  (Urubamba  Valley);  Paraguay;  Brazil,  from  Sao 
Paulo  and  Matto  Grosso  north  to  Ceara,  Maranhao,  and  Pard,  extend- 
ing on  both  sides  of  the  Amazon  west  to  the  (?)  Tapajdz  and  Rio 
Branco;  the  Guianas;  Venezuela;  Colombia ;  Islands  of  Trinidad,  Tobago, 
Grenada,  the  Grenadines,  and  St.  Vincent*. 

101:  Brazil,  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada  2,  Piraputanga  i),  Minas 
Geraes  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa  6),  Bahia  (Sao  Amaro  2, 
Macaco  Secco,  near  Andarahy  2,  Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto  i),  Maranhao 
(Sao  Luiz  2,  Sao  Bento  3),  Amazonas  (Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i,  Serra 
da  Lua,  near  Boavista  2);  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i); 
Surinam  (near  Paramaribo  i);  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  2,  Hyde 
Park,  Demerara  River  i);  Venezuela  (Caracas  2,  Macuto,  Caracas  5, 
Maracay,  Aragua  12,  La  Ceiba,  Trujillo  i,  Catatumbo  River,  Zulia 
i,  Encontrados,  Zulia  2,  Rio  Chama,  Merida  i,  Colon,  Tachira  5);  Col- 
ombia (ten  miles  north  of  San  Jose"  de  Cucuta,  Santander  i,  Quetame 
i,  Medellin  2,  Las  Lomitas,  Cauca  i);  Tobago  31;  Grenada  6;  St. 
Vincent  4. 

*Elaenia  flavogaster  subpagana  Sclater  and  Salwn.  NORTHERN  YELLOW- 
BELLIED  ELAENIA. 

Elainia  subpagana  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  2,  p.  36,  1860 — Duenas,  Guatemala. 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  q-n',  Mexico  and  Central  America 

down  to  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  34, 

1888 — part,  Central  America,  from  Mexico  to  Panama. 

*  Birds  from  north  of  the  Amazon  (Guiana,  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  Tobago,  and 
Colombia)  are  on  average  slightly  darker  above  with  more  white  in  the  crown,  but 
the  difference  is  not  constant  enough,  in  my  mind,  to  warrant  the  recognition  of  a 
northern  race  (macconnelli).  A  series  from  Grenada  appears  to  me  indistinguishable 
from  continental  birds,  being  decidedly  paler  both  above  and  below  than  E.  f.  sub- 
pagana, of  Central  America,  to  which  the  inhabitants  of  that  island  had  been  tenta- 
tively referred  by  R.  Ridgway. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  405 

Elaenia  flavogaster  (r  a)  subpagana  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  388,  1907 — Mexico 
to  Panama  (monog.);  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  102,  1907 — Lake  Atitlan,  Guatemala;  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  301,  1907 — 
Boruca,  Paso  Real,  and  Lagarto  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41, 
p.  316,  1924 — Gatun  and  Farfan,  Panama  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Elaenia  martinica  subpagana  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  so,  Part  4,  p.  429, 
1907 — part,  excl.  Cozumel  Island  and  Lesser  Antilles  (monog.,  full  bibliogra- 
phy); CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  719,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (range, 
habits,  nest  and  eggs  descr.);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser., 
i,  p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  PETERS,  Auk,  30,  p.  376,  1913 — Xcopen 
and  Camp  Mengel,  Quintana  Roo;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918, 
p.  265 — Gatun  and  Pedro  Miguel,  Panama. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Oaxaca,  Mexico, 
Tabasco,  Yucatan,  Quintana  Roo,  and  Chiapas),  southward  through 
Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica 
to  Panama. 

1 6 :  Guatemala  (Lake  Atitlan  3) ;  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake 
Nicaragua  i) ;  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i,  San  Jose"  i,  Orosi  i,  El  General  i) : 
Panama  (Colon  7,  Balboa  i). 

*Elaenia  flavogaster  semipagana  Sclater*.    WEST  ECUADORIAN  ELAE- 
NIA. 

Elainea  semipagana  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  406 — Babahoyo,  Ecuador; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  555 — Guayaquil  and  Yaguachi; 
idem,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  90 — Yaguachi;  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  8,  1899 — La  Concepcion  (Chota  Valley)  and  Balzar; 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas. 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part,  spec,  q',  r',  Babahoyo,  Santa  Rita. 

Elaenia  flavogaster  semipagana  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  390,  1907 — western 
Ecuador  (monog.,  crit.). 

Range:  Western  Ecuador,  from  the  Province  of  Esmeraldas  (Pa- 
ramba) south  to  Guayaquil. 

i :    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

•  Elaenia  flavogaster  semipagana  SCLATER  is  a  very  distinct  form,  differing  from 
E.  f.  flavogaster  by  decidedly  grayish  front  and  sides  of  the  head;  more  blackish  crest 
without  any,  or  with  but  traces,  of  white  at  the  extreme  base;  much  paler  and  more 
greenish  back;  more  purely  white  throat;  paler  yellow  posterior  under  parts;  shorter 
bill.  Wing  78-81 ;  tail  72-79- 

This  form  appears  to  be  restricted  to  western  Ecuador.  Specimens  from  Popayan 
(Colombia)  are  typical  flavogaster  and  do  not  show  the  least  approach  to  semipagana; 
but  Chapman  (Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  455,  1917)  mentions  intergrades 
from  Barbacoas  (Narino). 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  i,  Guayaquil  i,  Balzar  10,  Paramba  i. 


406  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Elaenia  spectabilis  Peheln*.   NATTERER'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  spectabilis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  176,  1868 — City  of  Goyaz, 
Goyaz  (type)  and  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro,  Brazil b  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  13,  1890 — Araguaya, 
Goyaz,  Jaragua  and  Maria  Rosa,  Goyaz  (crit;  spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  boliviano,  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  171,  1913 — Puerto  Suarez, 
Rio  Paraguay,  Bolivia  (type  in  Carnegie  Museum  examined). 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  188 — Nauta,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas 
(spec,  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  279 — part,  Nauta 
and  Pebas0;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  20 — Chirimoto;  idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2, 
p.  262,  1884 — part,  Pebas,  Moyobamba,  and  Chirimoto,  Peru;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part,  spec,  w",  Pebas  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenea  flavogastra  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  281,  1907 — part,  Itapurd, 
Sao  Paulo  (spec,  in  Museu  Paulista  examined);  (?)  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat., 
I,  p.  41,  1909 — Tucuman  City. 

Elaenia  flavogaster  spectabilis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  389,  1907 — Goyaz  and 
Rio  Negro  (crit.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  293,  1910 — Calama,  Rio 
Madeira  (crit.). 

Range:  Northeastern  Peru  (Chirimoto,  Moyobamba,  Yurimaguas, 
Pebas) ;  northern  and  central  Brazil  (Barcellos,  Rio  Negro ;  Calama,  Rio 
Madeira ;  Goyaz,  Araguaya,  Jaragua,  and  Maria  Rosa,  State  of  Goyaz) 
south  to  Matto  Grosso  (Agua  Blanca  de  Corumbd)  and  northern  Sao 
Paulo  (Itapura,  Rio  Parana),  west  to  the  Bolivian  border  (Puerto 
Suarez,  Rio  Paraguay);  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucuman;  Rio  Guayquiraro, 
Prov.  Corrientes). 

12:  Peru  (Moyobamba  6,  Puerto  Arturo,  Yurimaguas  2);  Argen- 
tina (Concepcion,  Tucumdn  4). 

a  Elaenia  spectabilis  PELZELN:  In  coloration  similar  to  E.  f.  flavogaster,  but 
decidedly  larger;  crest  shorter,  without  any  white  or  with  mere  traces  of  it  at  the 
extreme  base  of  a  few  of  the  central  crown  feathers;  throat  and  chest  much  more 
purely  grayish  white.  Wing  (male)  88-92,  (female)  83-88;  tail  78-85,  (female) 
73-79;  bill  11-12}^. 

In  spite  of  its  close  resemblance,  this  bird  appears  to  be  specifically  distinct  from 
E.  f.  flavogaster,  both  species  being  found  in  Matto  Grosso. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Pebas  i,  Moyobamba  6,  Yurimaguas  2.  Brazil: 
Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  i ;  Calama,  Rio  Madeira  2 ;  Goyaz,  City  of  Goyaz  (including  the 
type)  2,  Araguaya  i,  Jaragua  i,  Maria  Rosa  i;  Agua  Blanca  de  Corumba,  Matto 
Grosso  (American  Museum  Nat.  History,  No.  149619.  Adult  male,  Nov.  5,  1916)  i; 
Itapura,  Sao  Paulo  (Museu Paulista,  No.  5126.  Adult  male,  August  1914,  E.  Garbe)  i. 
Bolivia:  Puerto  Suarez  (including  the  type  of  E.  boliviano)  3.  Argentina:  Concep- 
cion, Tucuman  4;  Rio  Guayquiraro,  Corrientes  i  (breeding  female,  taken  with  nest 
and  two  eggs;  F.  Schulz,  Berlin  Museum). 

b  See  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  293,  footnote  f. 

e  Whether  the  localities  Xeberos,  Chyavetas,  and  Chamicuros  also  belong  here  or 
to  some  other  species,  cannot  be  decided  in  the  absence  of  the  respective  examples. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  407 

Elaenia  chinchorrensis  Griscom*.    CHINCHORRO  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  chinchorrensis  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  236,  p.  1926 — Great  Key, 
Chinchorro  Bank,  Quintana  Roo,  Mexico. 

Range:  Great  Key,  Chinchorro  Bank,  coast  of  Quintana  Roo, 
eastern  Mexico. 

*Elaenia  martinica  martinica  (Linnaeus).  ANTILLEAN  ELAENIA. 

Muscicapa  martinica  LINNAEUS,  Syst.  Nat.,  iath  ed.,  i,  p.  325,  1766 — based  on 
Muscicapa  martinicana  cristata  BRISSON,  Orn.,  2,  p.  362,  pi.  36,  fig.  2,  1760, 
Martinique. 

Elainea  martinica  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  169 — Dominica;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1871,  p.  271 — Santa  Lucia  (crit.);  SEMPER,  I.e.,  1872,  p.  650 — Santa  Lucia; 
SCLATER,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  765 — Montserrat;  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
J»  P-  59>  1878 — Dominica;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  191,  1878 — St.  Vincent;  idem,  I.e., 
J»  P-  357.  *879 — Martinique;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  458,  1879 — Guadeloupe;  idem,  I.e., 
3,  p.  256,  1880 — Dominica;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  5,  p.  166,  1880 — 
Santa  Lucia;  LISTER,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  41 — St.  Vincent;  GRISDALE,  I.e.,  1882, 
p.  489 — Montserrat;  CORY,  I.e.,  1886,  p.  473 — St.  Vincent  (part);  p.  474 — 
Maria  Galante;  p.  475 — Grande  Terre,  Guadeloupe;  idem,  Auk,  4,  p.  96,  1887 
— Martinique;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-h, 
Montserrat,  Dominica,  Santa  Lucia;  idem,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1889,  p.  326 — 
Dominica;  p.  395 — Santa  Lucia;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  117,  1889 — part; 
RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  12,  p.  130,  1890 — Santa  Lucia;  CORY,  Auk, 
8,  p.  48,  49,  1891 — St.  Kitts  and  Guadeloupe;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  561 — 
Santa  Lucia;  p.  567 — Martinique;  p.  572 — Montserrat. 

Elaenea  pagana  martinica  VERRILL,  Trans.  Conn.  Ac.  Arts  and  Sci.,  8,  p.  337, 
1892 — Dominica  (habits;  nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Elaenea  martinica  martinica  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  280, 
1905 — St.  Vincent  and  Grenadines  (habits). 

Elaenia  martinica  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  391,  1907 — part,  excl.  Antigua  and 
Barbados. 

Elaenia  martinica  martinica  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  30,  Part  4,  p.  426, 
1907 — part;  PETERS,  Occ.  Pap.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  198,  1926  (crit., 
range). 

Elainea  flavogastra  martinica  NOBLE,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  60,  p.  382,  1916 — 
Guadeloupe. 

Range:  Lesser  Antilles  (Islands  of  St.  Eustatius,  St.  Kitts,  Nevis, 
Montserrat,  Guadeloupe,  Desirade,  Marie  Galante,  Dominica,  Mar- 
tinique, Santa  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  and  Mustique). 

•  Elaenia  chinchorrensis  GRISCOM:  Nearest  to  E.  m.  martinica,  but  differing 
in  having  much  less  green  in  the  upper  parts  which  are  described  as  very  dark 
brownish  olive,  with  the  occiput  almost  blackish,  and  the  area  of  concealed  white 
very  extensive;  the  under  parts  ashy  white,  with  a  faint  tinge  of  yellow  on  flanks 
and  under  tail  coverts  and  a  clearly  defined  brownish  band  across  the  chest;  the 
soles  of  the  toes  blackish  instead  of  yellow.  Wing  (male)  75;  bill  n.  (Griscom, 
l.c.). 

This  bird,  which  we  do  not  know,  is  apparently  another  insular  race  of  E. 
martinica. 


408  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

76:  St.  Eustatius  23;  St.  Kitts  2;  Guadeloupe  6;  Point  a  Pitre, 
Grande  Terre  4;  Desirade  6;  Marie  Galante  5;  Dominica  2;  Martinique 
8;  Santa  Lucia  18;  St.  Vincent  2. 

*Elaenia  martinica  barbadensis  Cory*.  BARBADOS  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  barbadensis  CORY,  Auk,  5,  p.  47,  1888 — Barbados;  idem,  Birds  W.  Ind., 
p.  292,  1889 — Barbados. 

Elainea  martinica  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  175 — 
Barbados;  CORY,  Ibis,  1886,  p.  472 — Barbados;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  i-k,  Barbados;  FIELDEN,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  486 — 
Barbados;  NICOLL,  I.e.,  1904,  p.  558 — Barbados. 

Elaenea  martinica  barbadensis  CLARK,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  32,  p.  280, 
1 9O5 — Barbados. 

Elaenia  martinica  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  391,  1907 — part,  Barbados. 
Elaenia  martinica  martinica  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  426, 
1907 — part,  Barbados. 

Elaenia  martinica  barbadensis  LOWE,  Ibis,  1909,  p.  306 — Barbados  (crit.); 
PETERS,  Occ.  Pap.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  198,  1926 — Barbados  (crit.). 

Range:     Island  of  Barbados. 
2:    Barbados  (the  types)  2. 

*Elaenia  martinica  riisii  Sclaterb.  RUSE'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  riisii  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  314,  1860 — St.  Thomas;  NEWTON, 
Ibis,  1860,  p.  307 — St.  Thomas;  SUNDEVALL,  Oefv.  Vet.  Ak.  Handl.,  1869, 
p.  584 — St.  Barthelemy. 

Tyrannula  martinica  (not  Muscicapa  martinica  LINNAEUS)  CASSIN,  Proc.  Ac. 
Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1860,  p.  375— St.  Thomas  (crit.). 

Elainea  martinica  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c, 
St.  Thomas;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  117,  1889 — part;  idem,  Auk,  7,  p.  374, 
375»  1890 — Anegada  and  Virgin  Gorda;  idem,  8,  p.  47,  1891 — Antigua; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  499 — Anguilla;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn., 
40,  p.  85,  1892 — St.  Christoffel,  Curacao;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  574 — An- 
guilla. 

Elainea  martinica  riisei  HARTERT,  Ibis,  1893,  p.  318 — Mount  Christoffel,  Curacao; 
idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  300,  1902 — Curacao. 

*  Elaenia  martinica  barbadensis  CORY:  Similar  to  E.  m.  martinica,  but  much 
larger  in  all  proportions,  the  tail  particularly  longer,  and  the  bill  also  stronger;  colora- 
tion somewhat  darker,  especially  underneath.  Wing  (males)  88-90;  tail  80-83; 
bill  13-14. 

b  Elaenia  martinica  riisii  SCLATER:  Similar  to  E.  m.  martinica,  but  decidedly 
smaller  and  paler. 

Specimens  from  the  Dutch  West  Indies  (Curacao,  Bonaire,  Aruba)  appear  to  be 
indistinguishable  from  a  series  taken  on  the  Virgin  Islands.  Birds  from  St.  Barthol- 
omew and  Antigua  are  likewise  referable  to  this  pale,  small  race.  No  material  is 
available  from  Barbuda. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  409 

Elaenia  flavogastra  martinica  RILEY,  Smiths.  Mis.  Coll.,  47,  p.  288,  1904 — Antigua 
and  Barbuda. 

Elaenia  martinica  riisei  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  393,  1907 — Virgin  Islands  and 
Curasao  (monog.);  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  200, 
1909 — Aruba;  p.  207 — Curasao;  p.  212 — Bonaire;  PETERS,  Occ.  Pap.  Bost. 
Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  199,  1926  (crit.,  range). 

Elainea  martinica  martinica  WETMORE,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.,  Bull.,  326,  p.  84,  1916 
— Vieques  Island,  Culebra,  Culebrita,  and  Southwest  Cay,  east  of  Porto  Rico 
(habits,  food). 

Range :  Virgin  Islands  (Vieques,  Culebra,  Culebrita,  Southwest  Cay, 
St.  Thomas,  Tortola,  Virgin  Gorda,  Anegada) ;  Lesser  Antilles  (Islands 
of  St.  Martin,  Anguilla,  St.  Bartholomew,  Antigua,  and  probably  Bar- 
buda); Dutch  West  Indies  (Bonaire,  Curasao,  Aruba). 

26:  St.  Thomas  i;  Virgin  Gorda  3;  Anegada  6;  Anguilla  3;  St. 
Bartholomew  i ;  Antigua  5;  Curasao  i ;  Bonaire  3;  Aruba  2. 

*Elaenia  martinica  caymanensis  Berlepsch*.   CAYMAN  ELAENIA. 

Elaenia  martinica  caymanensis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  394,  1907 — Grand  Cay- 
man; LOWE,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  151 — Grand  Cayman  (crit.);  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  60,  p.  312,  1916 — Grand  Cayman,  Little  Cayman,  and  Cayman 
Brae  (crit.);  PETERS,  Occ.  Pap.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  199, 1926 — Cayman 
Islands  (crit.). 

Elaenia  martinica  complexa  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  395,  1907 — Cayman  Brae; 
LOWE,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  151 — Cayman  Brae. 

Elainea  martinica  (not  Muscicapa  martinica  LINNAEUS)  CORY,  Auk,  3,  p.  502, 
1886 — Grand  Cayman;  idem,  4,  p.  7,  1887 — Little  Cayman;  RIDGWAY,  Proc. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  574,  1888 — Grand  Cayman;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec.  1,  Grand  Cayman;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  36,  1888 — part,  Grand  Cayman;  CORY,  Auk, 
6,  p.  31,  1889 — Little  Cayman  and  Cayman  Brae;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p. 
582 — Grand  Cayman;  p.  587 — Little  Cayman. 

Elaenia  martinica  marlinica  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  426, 
1907 — part,  Grand  Cayman  and  Cayman  Brae. 

Elaenia  martinica  riisii  (not  of  SCLATER)  LOWE,  Ibis,  1909,  p.  342 — Grand  Cay- 
man (crit.). 

Range:  Islands  of  Grand  Cayman,  Little  Cayman,  and  Cayman 
Brae,  south  of  Cuba. 

123 :    Grand  Cayman  66;  Little  Cayman  9;  Cayman  Brae  48. 

a  Elaenia  martinica  caymanensis  BERLEPSCH:  Similar  in  coloration  to  E.  m.  riisii, 
but  distinctly  larger,  equalling  or  even  exceeding  the  dimensions  of  E.  m.  martinica. 

Birds  from  the  various  islands  are  identical.  E.  m.  complexa  was  based  on  speci- 
mens discolored  by  "Maynard's  dermal  preservative." 


410  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Elaenia  martinica  cinerescens  Ridgway*.  GRAYISH  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  cinerescens  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  7,  p.  180,  1884 — Old  Provi- 
dence Island;  CORY,  Auk,  4,  p.  180,  1887 — Old  Providence. 

Elainea  martinica  CORY,  Auk,  4,  p.  181,  1887 — St.  Andrews;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  36,  1888 — part,  Old  Providence. 

Elaenia  martinica  cinerescens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  395,  1907 — Old  Providence 
and  St.  Andrews  (crit.);  PETERS,  Occ.  Pap.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  202, 
1926  (crit.,  range). 

Elaenia  martinica  martinica  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  426, 
1907 — part,  Old  Providence. 

Range:  Islands  of  Old  Providence  and  St.  Andrews,  Caribbean 
Sea. 

24:    Old  Providence  19;  St.  Andrews  5. 
*Elaenia  martinica  remota  Berlepschb.   COZUMEL  ELAENIA. 

Elaenia  martinica  remota  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  396,  1907 — Cozumel  Island; 
PETERS,  Occ.  Pap.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  5,  p.  202,  1926 — Cozumel  and 
Mujeres  Islands  (crit.);  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  236,  p.  9,  1926 — Cozu- 
mel Island  (crit.). 

(?)  Elainea  subpagana  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  380 — 
Half  Moon  Cay,  off  British  Honduras. 

Elainea  martinica  (not  of  LINNAEUS)  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  8,  p.  571, 
1885 — Cozumel  Island;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2, 
p.  36,  1888 — part,  Mugeres,  Meco,  and  Cozumel  Islands,  and  (?)  Half  Moon 
Cay;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1889,  p.  359 — Meco,  Mugeres,  Holbox,  Cozumel  Islands, 
and  (?)  Half  Moon  Cay. 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part,  spec,  c-p,  Mugeres,  Meco,  Cozumel,  and  Holbox 
Islands. 

Elaenia  martinica  martinica  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  426, 
1907 — part,  Cozumel  and  Mugeres  Islands. 

Elainea  flavogastra  (/)  remota  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  235,  p.  14,  1926 — 
Culebra  Key,  Quintana  Roo. 

Range:    Islands  off  the  coast  of  Yucatan  and  (?)  British  Honduras. 
2 :    Cozumel  Island  2. 

*Elaenia  albiceps  griseogularis  Sclater0.   GRAY-THROATED  ELAENIA. 

a  Elaenia  martinica  cinerescens  RIDGWAY:  Very  similar  to  E.  m.  martinica,  but 
averaging  slightly  larger,  with  stronger  bill;  under  parts,  as  a  rule,  more  strongly 
perfused  with  pale  yellowish. 

b  Elaenia  martinica  remota  BERLEPSCH:  In  coloration  closely  similar  to  E.  m. 
martinica,  but  rump  slightly  more  brownish,  throat  and  chest  deeper  grayish,  and 
size  decidedly  less.  Wing  (male)  82,  (female)  74;  tail  72,  (female)  66;  bill  n. 

0  Elaenia  albiceps  griseogularis  SCLATER:  Nearest  to  E.  albiceps  moaesta,  of  Peru, 
but  upper  parts  much  darker,  more  brownish ;  lateral  occipital  feathers  less  elongated; 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  411 

Elainea  griseogularis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  26,  p.  554,  pi.  146,  fig.  i,  1858 — 
Riobamba,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1861,  p.  407 — part,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH 
and  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  296 — Cechce  and  Bugnac;  idem,  I.e.,  1885, 
p.  90 — Mapoto,  Palichtagua,  and  San  Rafael;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  8,  1899 — Pun,  Gualea,  and  Lloa. 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN, 
Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wien,  24,  p.  770,  1877 — Ecuador  (spec,  examined); 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  k-m,  "Sarayacu," 
"Jima,"  Riobamba;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  705 — Pichincha  and  Papal- 
lacta  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  griseigularis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  407,  1907 — Ecuador  (crit.,  monog.) ; 
MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  655,  1911 — 
Lloa,  Ecuador. 

"Elainea  albiceps  subsp.?  (cfr.  griseogularis  et  albivertex)"  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
5,  p.  487,  1898 — Ibarra,  Cayambe,  and  "Paramba,"  northern  Ecuador  (spec, 
examined). 

&.ange :    Temperate  Zone  of  Ecuador. 
i:    Ecuador  (Chical,  10,000  ft.  i). 

*Elaenia  albiceps  modesta  Tschudi.   PERUVIAN  ELAENIA. 

Elaenia  modesta  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  274,  1844 — Peru;  idem,  Faun. 

Peru.,  Aves,  p.  159,  1846 — coast  region  of  Peru  (type  in  Neuchatel  Museum 

examined8) ;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  407 — part,  Peru ;  TACZANOWSKI, 

I.e.,  1874,  P-  536 — Lima  and  Monterico,  Peru. 
Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 

cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — part,  Tacna;  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am&r.  merid.,  Ois.,  p. 

319,  1839 — part,  Tacna. 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  99 — Lima. 

Elainea  albiceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  406 — part,  Peru;  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  174 — Tambo  Valley,  Dept.  Arequipa  (spec,  examined); 
idem,  I.e.,  p.  568,  569 — Arequipa;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  185 — Cosnipata;  idem, 
I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — part,  Huiro  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1879, 
p.  234 — Tambillo  and  Chota  (egg  descr.);  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1883,  p.  423 — Callao; 
TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  263,  1884 — Tacna,  Lima,  Paltaypampa, 
Moquegua,  Lima,  Monterico,  and  Paucal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 

white  crown  patch  less  extensive;  throat  decidedly  darker  grayish.    Wing  75-79; 
70-74. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Ibarra  (6,600  ft.)  2,  Cayambe  i,  Pichincha  3, 
Papallacta  2,  Bugnac  i,  Mapoto  i,  Chical  i,  unspecified  3. 

a  The  type  labelled  "Elaenia  modesta  Tsch.  Voyage  de  M.  Tschudi,  PeYou" 
agrees  with  specimens  from  the  coast  region  (Lima) .  A  second  example  in  the  Neucha- 
tel Museum  secured  by  Tschudi  is  referable  to  E.  gigas;  but  there  is  no  evidence  what- 
ever that  it  is  one  of  the  originals  of  E.  modesta,  since  its  label  reads  "Elainia  albiceps 
d'Orb.  griseogularis  Scl.  PeYou.  Voyage  de  M.  Tschudi."  Besides,  Tschudi's  descrip- 
tion clearly  applies  to  the  common  white-bellied  Elaenia.  See  Berlepsch  and  Hell- 
mayr,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  12,  1905. 


4i2  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  v-a',  Peru,  Huiro,  Tambo  Valley,  Arequipa,  and 
Callao;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1891,  p.  134 — Pica,  Tarapaca,  Chile;  SALVIN, 
Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  12,  1895 — Cajabamba,  Chusgon  (Huamachuco),  and  Malca 
(Cajabamba);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1896,  p.  364 — 
Garita  del  Sol,  Dept.  Junin;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  33 — part,  Pica,  Tarapacd. 

Elaenia  albiceps  modesta  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p. 
380 — Lima;  idem,  Ornis,  13,  p.  87,  1906 — Idma,  Urubamba;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  113, 
1906 — Rio  Cadena  and  Huaynapata,  Marcapata;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  405, 
1907 — Peru  (monog.,  syn.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  95,  1921 
— San  Miguel  Bridge,  Occobamba  Valley,  and  Torontoy,  Urubamba. 

Elaenia  albiceps  new  subsp.  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  95,  1921 — 
Chospiyoc  and  Pisac,  Urubamba  region. 

Elaenia  albiceps  albiceps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  28,  1925 — part,  spec.  No.  4, 
Tacna. 

Range:  Peru  (from  depts.  Cajamarca  and  San  Martin  south  to 
Moquegua  and  Marcapata)  and  extreme  northwestern  Chile  (prov. 
Tacna  and  Tarapaca)a. 

28:  Peru  (Moyobamba,  Dept.  San  Martin  10;  Cullcui,  Marafion 
River  i,  Huachipa  4,  Chinchao  i,  Vista  Alegre  4,  Huanuco,  Dept. 
Huanuco  4;  Santa  Eulalia  i,  Chosica,  Dept.  Lima  3). 

Elaenia    albiceps    albiceps    (Lafresnaye    and    D'Orbigny).      WHITE- 
CRESTED  ELAENIA. 

Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  47,  1837 — part,  Yungas,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  m6rid.,  Ois.,  p.  319,  1839 — part,  Yungas,  Bolivia. 

Elainea  albiceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  406 — part,  Bolivia;  idem  and 
SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  614 — Prov.  Yungas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  141,  1888 — part,  Bolivia;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  527,  1908 — • 
Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  pagana  subsp.  albiceps  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  197, 
1889 — part. 

Elaenea  pagana  albiceps  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  335,  1892 — 
part,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  albiceps  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  403,  1907 — part,  Yungas,  Chaco, 
Omeja,  Bolivia  (monog.);  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  409,  1914 — 
Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins. 

Elaenia  albiceps  albiceps  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  28,  1925 — part,  spec,  a-c, 
Yungas,  Bolivia  (crit.). 

8  Peruvian  birds  are  perhaps  divisible  into  two  or  more  races,  those  from  the 
north  (Moyobamba)  being  slightly  smaller  and  greener  above,  while  two  from  Idma 
(Urubamba)  are  very  large  and  unusually  deeply  colored  on  the  under  parts.  There 
is,  however,  so  much  individual  variation  that  a  far  larger  series  than  I  have  been  able 
to  examine  is  required  to  define  any  possible  local  races. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  413 

Range:  Andes  of  Bolivia  (in  depts.  La  Paz,  Cochabamba,  and 
Santa  Cruz),  and  apparently  Brazil  (Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo;  Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso;  Bahia;  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins,  Pard)B. 

*Elaenia  albiceps  chilensis  subsp.  nov.b  CHILEAN  ELAENIA. 

Myiobius  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY) 
DARWIN,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  p.  47,  1839 — part,  Tierra  del  Fuego,  Port  Famine, 
Chonos  Archipelago,  and  near  Valparaiso0;  GERMAIN,  Proc.  Boston  Soc. 
Nat.  Hist.,  7,  p.  311,  1860 — Santiago,  Chile  (breeding  habits). 

*  The  breeding  range  of  typical  albiceps  is  probably  restricted  to  the  Andes  of 
Bolivia,  at  elevations  of  2500  metr.  and  upwards.  Good  series  have  been  examined 
from  various  localities  in  the  Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba.  The  Carnegie 
Museum  also  possesses  a  wholly  typical  adult  taken  by  Jose"  Steinbach  on  the  Rio 
Surutu,  alt.  500  metr.,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz,  on  Sept.  27,  1917  (Carnegie  Museum,  No. 
79655),  where  the  same  collector  also  obtained  specimens  of  E.  parvirostris.  The 
species  has,  furthermore,  been  found  in  various  parts  of  Brazil,  and  it  is  hard  to  ex- 
plain the  occurrence  of  a  Temperate  Zone  bird  in  the  tropical  lowlands.  Still,  I  am 
unable  to  satisfactorily  distinguish  six  Brazilian  examples  (one  of  which  comes  from 
so  far  north  as  the  lower  Tocantins),  although  they  appear  to  be  paler  on  the  upper 
parts,  while  their  bills  are  very  nearly  as  small  as  in  E.  a.  chilensis. 

Certain  specimens  from  Bolivia  (Suapi,  Cochabamba)  show  a  decided  approach 
to  the  allied  E.  parvirostris  and  may  be  the  result  of  interbreeding. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia,  Dept.  La  Paz:  Yungas  (the  types)  2,  Chaco  (near 
La  Paz)  3,  Omeja  2;  Dept.  Cochabamba,  Incachaca  5,  Cochabamba  7,  Duraznillo  i ; 
Rio  Surutu,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  i.  Brazil:  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  r  (female,  February 
28,  1819,  J.  Natterer,  Vienna  Museum,  No.  19458);  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  2 
(American  Museum  Nat.  History,  No.  33190.  Adult  male,  Sept.  20,  1889;  No. 
33448.  Male,  October  3,  1883,  H.  H.  Smith);  Urucum,  Matto  Grosso  i  (American 
Museum  Nat.  History,  No.  127873.  Roosevelt  Expedition) ;  Bahia  i  (trade  skin,  Coll. 
Berlepsch) ;  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins  i  (adult  female,  April  29,  1907.  O.  Martins, 
Museu  Goeldi,  No.  5417). 

b  Elaenia  albiceps  chilensis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Curacautin,  Prov.  Malleco,  Chile,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  No.  57683.  Male.  January  10,  1924.  C.  C.  Sanborn.  ' 

Adult  (sexes  alike). — Nearest  to  E.  a.  albiceps,  but  decidedly  smaller,  with  much 
slenderer,  weaker  bill ;  crown  patch  larger,  pure  white,  without  trace  of  the  yellowish 
or  buffy  tinge  on  the  subapical  portion  of  the  crest-feathers,  so  conspicuous  in  the 
Bolivian  race;  upper  parts,  as  a  rule,  somewhat  paler  and  more  greenish,  with  less 
dusky  suffusion  on  the  pileum.  Wing  (male)  75-79,  (female)  70-74  (in  E.  a.  albiceps 
79-85,  female  75-78) ;  tail  64-68,  (female)  60-64  (m  E-  a-  albiceps  70-79,  female  69-73) '. 
bill  lo-n. 

Remarks. — Specimens  from  Tierra  del  Fuego  and  western  Patagonia  (Lago  Blanco, 
Chubut  and  Lago  Nahuel  Huapi)  are  identical  with  the  Chilean  series,  with  which  an 
immature  male  from  Cosquin  (Cordoba),  two  adults  from  Ocampo  (Santa  Fe"),  and 
one  from  Las  Talas  (Buenos  Aires)  likewise  agree.  Four  adult  males  from  Catamarca 
(Fuerte  de  Andalgala),  by  slightly  larger  size  (wing  78,  79,  80,  8 1 ;  tail  65  ^,  68,  68,  70) 
and  darker  upper  parts,  exhibit  a  decided  tendency  in  the  direction  of  E.  a.  albiceps , 
though  they  resemble  the  Chilean  bird  in  the  large,  pure  white  crest  and  small  bill. 

Material  examined. — Chile  26.  Argentina:  Concepcion,  Tucuman  i ;  Fuerte  de 
Andalgala,  Catamarca  (Sept.,  Oct.  1880,  E.  W.  White)  4;  Cosquin,  Cordoba  (Oct.  13, 
1882,  E.  W.  White)  i;  Ocampo,  Santa  F6  (male,  Nov.  17,  1905;  female,  Oct.  12,  1905; 
M.  Rodriguez)  2;  Las  Talas,  Buenos  Aires  (no  date)  i;  Lake  Nahuel  Huapi,  Neu- 
quen  4;  Valle  del  Lago  Blanco,  Chubut  i.  Tierra  del  Fuego:  Ushuaia  i,  Seno  Almir- 
antazgo  2,  Punta  Arenas  i. 

0  The  specimens  procured  on  the  banks  of  the  La  Plata  in  Uruguay  no  doubt 
belonged  to  E.  parvirostris. 


414  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenea  modesta  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  246,  1860 — 
Mendoza. 

Elainea  modesta  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  454,  1861 — part,  Men- 
doza and  Catamarca;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  327,  338 — Chile. 

Elainea  albiceps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1878,  p.  433 — Port  Chur- 
rucha;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  145,  1888 — part;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  c'-m',  Chile,  Valparaiso, 
Port  Famine,  Straits  of  Magellan,  Mendoza;  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
12,  p.  132,  1890 — Laredo  Bay,  Sandy  Point,  Port  Otway,  and  Port  Chur- 
rucha,  Chile;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10, 
p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  OUSTALET,  Miss.  Sci.  Cap  Horn,  6,  p.  60,  1891 — 
Orange  Bay  and  Punta  Arenas  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  LANE,  Ibis,  1897,  p.  33 — 
part,  Corral,  Hacienda  Mansel,  and  Rio  Bueno,  Chile;  SCHALOW,  Zool. 
Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  4,  p.  712,  1898 — Serena  (Coquimbo),  Santiago,  Llanquihue, 
Seno  Almirantazgo,  and  Punta  Arenas,  Chile;  ARRIBALZAGA,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  165,  1902 — Lago  General  Paz,  Chubut;  DABBENE,  I.e., 
p.  365,  1902 — Ushuaia  and  Lapataia,  Tierra  del  Fuego;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904, 
p.  43 — Punta  Arenas  and  Gray's  Harbour,  Smythe's  Channel;  CRAWSHAY, 
Birds  Tierra  del  Fuego,  p.  70,  1907 — Rio  McClelland  Settlement. 

Elaenia  albiceps  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  403,  1907 — part,  Chile,  Mendoza, 
Catamarca,  Patagonia;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  338, 
1910 — part,  excl.  Tucuman  and  Barracas  al  Sud;  SANZIN,  El  Hornero,  i, 
p.  151, -1918 — Mendoza;  BARROS,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  24,  p.  146,  1921 — 
Nilahue,  Curic6;  idem,  I.e.,  25,  p.  185,  1923 — Cordillera  de  Aconcagua; 
DAGUERRE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  269,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  GIA- 
COMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71,  1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  3,  p.  168,  1923 — San 
Isidro,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for  1922-23, 
p.  648,  1924 — Prov.  Buenos  Aires. 

Elaenia  albiceps  albiceps  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  198,  1909 — 
Catamarca  (Fuerte  de  Andalgala),  Cosquin  (Cordoba),  and  Chubut,  Pata- 
gonia (spec,  examined);  REED,  Av.  Prov.  Mendoza,  p.  37,  1916 — Mendoza; 
HUSSEY,  Auk,  33,  p.  394,  1916 — La  Plata;  PETERS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
65,  p.  325,  1925 — Lake  Nahuel  Huapi;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133, 
p.  327,  1926 — Rio  Negro  south  of  General  Roca,  Potrerillos  (Mendoza),  and 
Tapia,  Tucuman;  idem,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  24,  p.  452,  1926 — Bariloche, 
Rio  Negro,  and  Rio  Pico,  Chubut. 

Range :  Chile,  from  Coquimbo  south  to  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  west- 
ern Argentina,  north  to  Cordoba,  Catamarca,  and  Tucuman,  on  mi- 
gration east  to  Buenos  Aires  and  Santa  F£  (Ocampo). 

24:  Chile  (San  Jose*  de  Maipo,  Prov.  Santiago  2;  Tolhuaca  i, 
Curacautin,  Prov.  Malleco  2 ;  Villa  Portales,  Prov.  Cautin  i ;  Mafil, 
Prov.  Valdivia  7;  Quellon,  Chiloe  8;  Rio  Nireguao,  Prov.  Llanquihu£  i) ; 
Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa  Fe"  i ;  Concepcion,  Tucuman  i). 

*Elaenia  parvirostris  Pelzeln*.   SMALL-BILLED  ELAENIA. 

•  Elaenia  parvirostris  PELZELN,  although  similar  in  general  appearance  to  E.  al- 
biceps, is  distinguished  by  shorter,  broader  bill;  smaller  size;  more  greenish  upper 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  415 

Elainea  parvirostris  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  178,  1868 — Curytiba,  Parand 
(type),  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  and  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined). 

Elainea  hypospodia  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  49 — Valencia,  Venezuela 
(type  in  British  Museum  examined)8;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  144, 
1888 — Valencia;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  411,  1907  (ex  SCLATER). 

Elainea  albiventris  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  14,  p.  368,  1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez, 
Venezuela  (type  in  American  Museum  of  Nat.  History,  New  York  examined) ; 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  170,  1914  (crit.). 

(?)  Elainea  arechavalelae  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  119,  1901 — Alto  Parana^ 
Paraguay1*;  idem,  Rev.  Chil.  Hist.  Nat.,  17,  p.  223,  1913  (crit.). 

Elainea  modesta  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  BURMEISTER,  Reise  La  Plata  St.,  a,  p.  454, 
1861 — part,  Parana;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  751 — 
Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru  (spec,  from  Chyavetas  in  British  Museum  ex- 
amined); idem,  I.e.,  1868,  p.  142 — Conchitas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  197,  1878 — Sierra  of  Cordoba  (spec,  examined);  BARROWS, 
Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  200,  1883 — Concepcion,  Entrerios  (nest  and  eggs 
descr.). 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  279 — Xeberos  and  Chyavetas,  Peru;  WHITE,  I.e., 
1882,  p.  606 — Flores,  Buenos  Aires  (spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined); 
(?)  DURNFORD,  Ibis,  1878,  p.  60 — Buenos  Aires;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  133,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul  (spec,  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 — Roraima,  part  (spec,  exam- 
ined); BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  12,  1887 — Lambare',  Paraguay;  SCLA- 
TER, Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  d,  n-q,  t'-w',  Roraima, 
Pebas,  Chyavetas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER  and  HUD- 

parts;  shorter  occipital  feathers  with  less  white;  paler  and  purer  grayish  throat  and 
chest ;  and  by  having  the  lesser  wing-coverts  frequently  tipped  with  white,  forming 
an  indistinct  third  band  across  the  wing.  Wing  70-75,  once  (Maroins,  Rio  Machados) 
78,  (female)  64-70;  tail  62-70,  (female)  55-63;  bill  9^-11. 

In  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  this  species  appears  to  interbreed  with  E.  mesoleuca. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires:  Flores  (E.  W.  White  coll.) 
6,  Barracas  al  Sud  3,  La  Plata  i ;  Prov.  Cordoba,  El  Carrizal  i,  Cordoba  (F.  Schulz)  i ; 
Prov.  Santa  Fe\  Ocampo  2,  Mocovi  2;  Prov.  Tucumdn,  Tapia  2,  Los  Vasquez  i, 
Concepcion  n ;  Prov.  Salta,  Arenal  i,  Miraflores,  Dept.  Oran  2;  Prov.  Entrerios,  Con- 
cepcion i,  La  Soledad  2.  Paraguay:  Villa  Rica  i,  Lambare'  i.  Uruguay:  Santa 
Elena  i.  Bolivia,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz:  Buenavista  4,  Rio  Yapacani  i,  Rio  Surutu  2, 
Prov.  del  Sara  i,  Samaipata  i,  Palmarito,  San  Julian,  Chiquitos  i;  Yacuiba,  Dept. 
Tarija  i.  Brazil,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Camaquam  i,  Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo  8; 
Desterro,  Santa  Catharina  4;  Curytiba,  Parana  (the  types)  2 ;  Maroins,  Rio  Machados 
i;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  i;  Teffe',  Rio  Solimoes  2;  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  2.  British 
Guiana:  Roraima  4.  Venezuela:  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco  i ;  Cumanacoa, 
Bermudez  (type  of  E.  albiventris)  i;  El  Escorial,  MeYida  i.  Colombia:  Bogotd  8. 
Peru:  Chyavetas  i,  Pebas  2.  Island  of  Aruba  i. 

•  The  type  is  an  individual  variant  of  £.  paryirostris  lacking  the  lippchrom  tints 
in  its  plumage.  A  Bolivian  specimen  (b'  of  E.  albiceps  Sclater,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  143)  is  quite  similar. 

b  Description  and  measurements  correspond  fairly  well  t'o  the  characters  of 
E.  parvirostris. 


416  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

SON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  145,  1888 — part;  (?)  WITHINGTON,  Ibis,  1888,  p.  465 — 
Lomas  de  Zamora;  (?)  HOLLAND,  I.e.,  1891,  p.  16;  (?)  idem,  I.e.,  1892,  p.  200 — 
Est.  Espartillar,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  APLIN,  Ibis,  1894,  P-  *79 — Santa  Elena, 
Uruguay;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — 
San  Pablo  (Tucuman)  and  Santa  Rosa  (Salta);  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Mundo  Novo;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B. 
Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — 
Tucuman;  (?)  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  118 — Los  Ynglases,  Aj6;  (?)  GIBSON, 
I.e.,  1918,  p.  403 — Cape  San  Antonio. 

Elainea  albiceps  parvirostris  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  44,  1902 — 
part,  spec.  No.  10803,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco;  HELLMAYR,  I.e., 
14,  p.  47,  1907 — Teff£,  Rio  Solimoes. 
Elaenia  albiceps  subsp.  parvirostris  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  339, 

1910 — Entrerios,  Buenos  Aires. 

Elaenia  parvirostris  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  412,  1907 — Colombia  (Bogota), 
Venezuela,  British  Guiana,  Peru,  Brazil,  Argentina  (crit.,  monog.);  HARTERT 
and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  198,  1909 — Flores  (Buenos  Aires),  La  Sole- 
dad  (Entrerios),  Los  Vasquez  and  Tapia  (Tucuman),  Ocampo  (Santa  F6), 
Batracas  al  Sud  (Buenos  Aires),  and  Salta  (spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined) ; 
HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  294,  1910 — Maroins,  Rio  Machados;  CHUBB,  Ibis, 
1910,  p.  585 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23, 
p.  339,  1912 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — 
Alto  Parand;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  229,  1916 — Orinoco 
River  from  Las  Barrancas  up  to  Caicara  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  456,  1917 — Florencia,  Rio  Caqueta, 
Colombia;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  237,  1919 — Isla  Martin  Garcia; 
TREMOLERAS,  I.e.,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo  and  Canelones,  Uruguay; 
DAGUERRE,  I.e.,  p.  268,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  SERIE  and  SMYTH, 
I.e.,  3,  p.  49,  1923 — Santa  Elena,  Entrerios;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr. 
Publ.  for  1922-23,  p.  648,  1924 — Buenos  Aires;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  133,  p.  328,  1926 — Los  Ynglases,  near  Lavalle  (Buenos  Aires),  San 
Vicente  (Uruguay),  and  Tapia,  Tucuman  (crit.). 
Elaenea  cristata  (!)  parvirostris  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  190,  1921 — 

part,  Upper  Takutu  Mts.,  Abary  River,  Roraima. 

Range:  Argentina,  from  northern  Buenos  Aires  and  Cordoba 
northwards;  Paraguay;  Uruguay;  Brazil,  from  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  north 
to  Amazonia  (Rio  Madeira;  Teffe;  Rio  Negro);  British  Guiana 
(Roraima);  Venezuela  (Orinoco  Valley;  Bermudez;  Merida);  eastern 
Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta;  "Bogota");  eastern  Peru  (Pebas,  Chyavetas); 
eastern  Bolivia  (depts.  Santa  Cruz  and  Tarija) ;  accidental  on  the  Island 
of  Aruba,  Dutch  West  Indies. 

20:  Argentina  (El  Carrizal,  Sierra  de  Cordoba  i ;  Concepcion,  Tuc- 
uman 1 1) ;  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  2) :  Uruguay  (Polanco  i, 
Rio  Cebollati  2,  los  Cuervos  2);  Island  of  Aruba  (male,  May  6, 1908)  i. 

*Elaenia  mesoleuca  Cabanis  and  Heine*.   HEINE'S  ELAENIA. 

•  Elaenia,  mesoleuca  CABANIS  and  HEINE:  Nearly  allied  to  E.  parvirostris,  but 
decidedly  larger;  crown  without  any,  or  with  very  little  white  at  the  extreme  base  of 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  417 

Elainea  mesoleuca  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein,  2,  p.  60,  1859 — Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  Brazil  (type  in  Heine  Collection  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING, 
Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  132,  1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  153,  1888 — Bahia; 
IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  193,  1899 — Piquete  and  Ypiranga,  Sao 
Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  233,  1900 — Novo  Hamburgo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (nest 
and  eggs  descr.);  idem,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — 
Mundo  Novo;  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  284,  1907 — Salto  Grande  do 
Rio  Paranapanema  and  Itarar6  (Sao  Paulo),  Novo  Hamburgo,  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  586 — Sapucay,  Paraguay. 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  1868 — Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  and  Curytiba,  Parana 
(spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  mesoleuca  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  415,  1907 — Bahia  to  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul  (monog.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  199,  1909 — Ocampo, 
Santa  F6  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  339, 
1910 — Ocampo  and  Alto  Parand;  idem,  I.e.,  23,  p.  341,  1912 — San  Rafael, 
Paraguay;  CHROSTOWSKI,  Compt.  Rend.  Soc.  Sci.  Varsovie,  5,  p.  481,  498, 
1912 — Vera  Guajany,  Parand;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Alto 
Parana,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Bol.  Soc.  Physis,  i,  p.  344,  1914 — Ocampo  and 
Misiones. 

Elaenea  mesoleuca  BERTONI,  Rev.  Inst.  Parag.,  1907,  p.  —  [author's  sep.  p.  4] 
— upper Iguazu,  Paraguay. 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Bahia  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina  (prov.  Misiones,  Chaco,  and  Santa 
Fe-). 

i:    Argentina  (Las  Palmas,  Chaco  i). 

*Elaenia  strepera  Cabanis*.   NOISY  ELAENIA. 

a  few  feathers;  chest  shaded  with  greenish  and  very  often  flammulated  with  pale 
yellowish;  malar  region  greenish  instead  of  pale  grayish;  flanks  more  strongly  tinged 
with  yellowish  green,  etc.  From  E.  a.  albiceps  it  is  easily  distinguished  by  lighter, 
greener  upper  parts;  more  greenish  chest;  more  yellowish  flanks  and  under  tail- 
coverts;  much  less  elongated  crown-feathers  with  hardly  any  white  at  base,  and 
differently  shaped  bill.  Wing  76-83,  (female)  74-80;  tail  66-73. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  3;  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  2,  Victoria,  Sao 
Paulo  i;  Curytiba,  Parana  10,  Roca  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar,  Parand  4;  Taquara  do 
Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  8.  Argentina:  Ocampo,  Santa  F6  i ;  Chaco  i. 

B  Elaenia  strepera  CABANIS  stands  quite  by  itself.  The  slate  gray  coloration  of 
the.  upper  parts,  sides  of  head,  throat,  chest,  and  flanks,  and  the  short,  wide  bill 
render  it  easily  recognizable  among  its  congeners.  Females  and  immature  males  are 
more  or  less  tinged  with  olive  both  above  and  below,  while  the  larger  upper  wing- 
coverts  are  tipped  with  olive  buffy  instead  of  with  pale  grayish. 

The  range  of  this  species  is  extraordinary.  An  adult  male  and  a  female  from  the 
foothills  of  the  Sierra  de  Imataca,  Venezuela  (Carnegie  Museum,  Nos.  34098,  34244. 
M.  A.  Carriker,  Jr.)  differ  from  a  series  of  topotypes  only  by  their  smaller,  slenderer 
bills  and  paler  slate  gray  upper  parts  of  the  male.  However,  an  "Orinoco"  trade  skin 
in  the  Berlepsch  Collection,  while  agreeing  in  shape  of  bill,  is  even  darker  slate  gray 
than  birds  from  Tucumdn. 

Material  examined. — Argentina,  Prov.  Tucumdn:  La  Hoyada  2,  La  Criolla  i, 
Las  Cuchillas  2,  Concepcion  i,  near  Tucumdn  i.  Venezuela:  Peru  Mine,  El  Callao 
(adult  male,  May  10,  1910)  i,  San  German  de  Upata  (female,  June  2,  1910)  i. 


4i 8  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elainea  strepera  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  215,  1883 — foothills  of  the  Andes  of 
Tucuman;  SCLATER  and  HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  145,  1888 — Tucuman; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  143,  1888 — Tucuman;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus. 
Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Tafi  Viejo  and  La  Hoyada,  Tucuman;  idem, 
Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — same  localities;  BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220, 
1904 — La  Criolla,  Tucuman;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  411,  1907 — Tucuman 
(monog.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  198,  1909 — Tafi  Viejo, 
La  Criolla,  and  La  Hoyada,  Tucuman  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  DABBENE, 
Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  339,  1910 — Tucuman. 

Range:  Northwestern  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucumdn)  and  north- 
eastern Venezuela  (El  Callao  and  San  German  de  Upata,  Sierra  de 
Imataca). 

i:    Argentina  (Concepcion,  Tucuman  i). 

*Elaenia  gigas  Sclater*.   GIANT  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  gigas  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  "1870,"  p.  831,  publ.  about  March  1871 — 

Rio  Napo,  Ecuador;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  185 — Cosnipata,  Peru; 

idem,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — Huiro;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  536 — Amable 

Maria  and  Ninabamba,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  19 — Huambo;  idem,  Orn. 

P£r.,  2,  p.  265,  1884 — Monterico,  Amable  Maria,  Cosnipata,  and  Huambo; 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  140, 1888 — Rio  Napo,  Sarayacu  (Ecuador), 

Huiro  and  Cosnipata  (Peru);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

1896,  p.  364 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo. 
Elainea  albiceps  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 

26,  p.  71,  1858 — Rio  Napo. 
Elainea  pagana   (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)   GOODFELLOW,   Ibis,    1901,   p.   705 — 

Archidona,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 
Elaenia  gigas  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  397,  1907 — eastern  Colombia  (Bogota) 

to  southeastern  Peru  (monog.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 

p.  455,  1917 — La  Morelia  and  Villavicentio,  Colombia;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S. 

Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  94,  1921 — Idma,  Urubamba,  Peru. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  the  eastern  side  of  the  Andes  from  Colom- 
bia to  southeastern  Peru  (Urubamba  region). 

2 :  Peru  (Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Hudnuco  i ;  Rio  Colorado,  Chancha- 
mayo, Dept.  Junin  i). 

Elaenia  pelzelni  Berlepsch*.   PELZELN'S  ELAENIA. 

•  Elaenia  gigas,  while  allied  to  the  E.  flavogaster  group,  is  easily  recognizable  by  its 
large  size,  extensive  white  occipital  patch,  decidedly  olivaceous  back  with  dusky 
centers  on  the  mantle,  etc.  Females  are  much  smaller  (wing  84-86,  against  91-98  in 
the  males). 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  i.  Ecuador:  Archidona  i.  Peru: 
Huayabamba  i,  Pozuzo  (Hudnuco)  i,  Vista  Alegre  (Huanuco)  i,  La  Merced  i,  Rio 
Colorado,  Chanchamayo  i,  unspecified  i. 

b  Elaenia  pelzelni  BERLEPSCH:  Upper  parts  dark  earthy  brown,  without  any  olive 
tinge  (much  deeper  and  browner  than  in  E.  flavogaster  and  E,  spectabUis') ;  median 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  419 

Elaenia  pglzelni  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  397,  1907 — Lamalonga,  Rio  Negro, 
Brazil  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined ;=juv.);  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn., 
61,  p.  524,  1913 — north  of  the  Amazon;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  408, 
1914 — Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecurii,  and  Obidos  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  modesta  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  1868 — La- 
malonga. 

Range :  Northern  Brazil  (Monte  Alegre,  Rio  Maecuru,  and  Obidos, 
north  bank  of  lower  Amazon;  Lamalonga,  Rio  Negro). 

*Elaenia  cristata  Pelzeln*.   CRESTED  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  cristata  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  177,  1868 — City  of  Goyaz,  Brazil 
(types  in  Vienna  Museum  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis, 
6,  p.  12,  1890 — Lavrinhas,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH 
and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  43,  1902 — Altagracia  and  Ciudad  Bolivar, 
Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela  (nest  and  eggs  descr.) ;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw. 
Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74,  1910;  I.e.,  p.  160,  1925 — Sao  Antonio  de  Gil- 
boez,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  lophotes  BERLEPSCH  (and  LEVERKUHN),  Ornis,  6,  p.  13,  in  text,  1890 — 
Merum£  Mts.,  British  Guiana  (types  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined). 

crest-feathers  white  only  at  the  extreme  base  as  in  E.  spectabilis;  median  and  greater 
wing-coverts  tipped  with  grayish,  forming  two  indistinct  bands;  quills  and  rectrices 
dusky,  exteriorly  edged  with  brownish ;  sides  of  the  head  dark  earthy  brown  like  the 
crown;  throat  and  chest  somewhat  paler  earthy  brown  (lightest  on  throat),  passing 
into  pale  grayish  brown  on  sides  and  flanks;  middle  of  breast  and  abdomen  exten- 
sively white;  under  tail-coverts  white,  the  longer  ones  centrally  streaked  with  dusky; 
axillaries  and  under  wing-coverts  isabella  color,  inner  margin  of  remiges  somewhat 
paler,  more  buffy;  bill  blackish.  Wing  (male)  89;  tail  72-75;  bill  13. 

The  type,  a  juvenile  bird  with  undeveloped  tail,  agrees  with  another  specimen  in 
corresponding  plumage,  secured  by  O.  Martins  at  Monte  Alegre  on  September  16, 
1908  (Museu  Goeldi,  No.  6106).  Both  are  more  rufescent  above  than  the  adult. 

E.  pelzelni  is  a  strongly  characterized  species,  the  dark  brown  dorsal  surface  and 
the  distinctly  parti-colored  under  parts  being  the  most  striking  features.  In  size  it 
equals  E.  spectabilis,  but  has  even  a  larger  bill,  and  in  shape  of  crest  (with  little  white 
at  the  base)  it  more  nearly  agrees  with  that  bird  than  any  other  member  of  the  genus. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Lamalonga  (the  type)  i;  Monte  Alegre  i,  Rio 
Maecuru  i. 

a  Elaenia  cristata  PELZELN  is  a  very  distinct  species.  The  small  size  with  relatively 
large  bill,  the  long  crest  of  dark  brown,  laterally  grayish-edged  feathers  without  trace 
of  white,  and  the  grayish  olive  back  render  it  easily  recognizable  among  its  affines. 
Wing  70-74,  (female)  64-69;  tail  61-65,  (female)  54-62. 

Specimens  from  the  Orinoco  Valley  and  French  Guiana  agree  perfectly  with  series 
from  various  parts  of  Brazil.  Birds  from  British  Guiana  (lophotes)  average  rather 
darker  (more  brownish  olive)  on  the  upper  parts,  with  the  crest-feathers  more  black- 
ish brown,  but  the  divergency  appears  too  inconstant  to  warrant  the  recognition  of  a 
separate  form.  A  single  male  from  Santa  Ana  (Peru)  is  larger  (wing  78;  tail  72)  than 
any  other  specimen  I  have  seen. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Rio  Orinoco:  Altagracia  5,  Quiribana  de  Cai- 
cara  i.  British  Guiana:  Roraima  7,  Merum£  Mountains  (types  of  E.  lophotes}  2, 
Annai  i.  French  Guiana:  Cayenne  6.  Brazil:  Boa  Vista,  Rio  Bran co  2 ;  Santarem, 
Rio  Tapaj6z  4;  Cod<5,  Maranhao  2;  Sao  Antonio  de  Gilboez,  Piauhy  i;  Ceara  (un- 
specified) i ;  Bahia  27,  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  i ;  Goyaz  City,  Goyaz  (including  the  types) 
7,  Philadelphia,  Goyaz  2;  Lavrinhas,  Matto  Grosso  i;  Franca,  Sao  Paulo  i.  Peru: 
Santa  Ana  i. 


420  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenia  cristata  whitelyi  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  304,  1919 — 
Mount  Roraima,  British  Guiana;  idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  189,  1921 — 
Abary  River,  Mei-urne"  Mts.,  and  Roraima. 

Elaenia  cristata  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  86,  1906 — Santa  Ana, 
Urubamba,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  398,  1907  (monog., 
range);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  133,  1908 — Cayenne,  French  Guiana;  HELL- 
MAYR,  I.e.,  p.  45,  1908 — Goyaz  and  Fazenda  Esperanca,  Goyaz;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  408,  1914 — Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim)  and  Monte  Alegre; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  229,  1916 — Ciudad  Bolivar, 
Agua  Salada  de  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Caicara,  and  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Rio 
Orinoco. 

Elaenea  cristata  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  281,  1907 — Bahia  and  Santarem 
(spec,  examined). 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p. 
294 — part,  Roraima  (spec,  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part,  spec.  n"-p",  Roraima. 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  s',  x',  Roraima,  Goyaz, 
Ceara  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Campos  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Amazonas  (Boavista,  Rio 
Branco),  Para  (Monte  Alegre;  Boim  and  Santarem,  Rio  Tapajoz), 
Maranhao  (Cod6,  Cocos),  Piauhy  (Sao  Antonio  de  Gilboez),  Bahia 
(Sao  Amaro),  Goyaz  (City  of  Goyaz,  Fazenda  Esperanca,  Philadelphia), 
Matto  Grosso  (Lavrinhas),  and  Sao  Paulo  (Franca);  French  Guiana 
(Cayenne);  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Merume'  Mountains,  Annai); 
Venezuela  (banks  of  the  Orinoco  River  from  Ciudad  Bolivar  to 
Quiribana  de  Caicara);  eastern  Peru  (Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley). 

10 :  Brazil  (Boavista,  Rio  Branco  2 ;  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z  3 ;  Phila- 
delphia, Goyaz  2;  Cod6,  Cocos,  Maranhao  2;  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  i). 

*Elaenia  chiriquensisa  chiriquensis  Lawrence.    LAWRENCE'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  chiriquensis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  176,  1867 — 
David,  Panama;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  147 — Santa  F6  (Veragua) 
and  David. 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  chiriquensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  432,  1907 — part,  Panama  references  and  localities  only;  BANGS,  Auk,  24, 
p.  301,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso  Real,  and  Lagarto,  Costa  Rica  (crit.);  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  719,  1910 — Buenos  Aires,  El  General  de  Terraba, 
Boruca,  Costa  Rica;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  191 8,p.  265 — Gatun 
and  Miraflores,  Panama. 

•  Elaenia  chiriquensis,  although  often  confused  with  E.  flavogaster,  is  a  very  dis- 
tinct species,  as  pointed  out  by  the  late  Count  Berlepsch,  its  best  characters  being 
the  much  more  compressed,  slenderer  bill  and  the  much  shorter,  also  differently 
shaped  crest  feathers.  It  is,  moreover,  decidedly  smaller  in  all  proportions. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  421 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  317,  1924 — Rio  Velazquez  and  Bal- 
boa, Panama. 
Elaenia  sordidata  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  28,  1901 — San  Miguel  Island,  Panama. 

Elainea  albivertex  sordidata  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46, 
p.  152,  1905 — San  Miguel  Island  (crit.). 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  sordidata  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  433, 
1907 — San  Miguel  Island. 

Elainea  albivertex  (not  of  PELZELN)  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
46,  p.  218,  1906 — Savanna  of  Panama. 

Elainea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  137,  1888 — part. 

Elaenia  albivertex  (not  of  PELZELN)  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  400,  1907 — part, 
Boruca,  Terraba,  and  Buenos  Aires  (Costa  Rica),  Chiriqui,  Panama,  and  San 
Miguel  Island  (crit.). 

Range:  Southwestern  Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (east  to  the  Canal 
Zone  and  including  San  Miguel  Island)*. 

3:     Panama  (Colon  3). 
Elaenia  chiriquensis  brachyptera  Berlepschb.   SHORT-WINGED  ELAENIA. 

Elaenia  brachyptera  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  407,  1907 — San  Pablo,  Prov. 
Tuqueres,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  southwestern  Colombia  (San  Pablo, 
Prov.  Tuqueres)  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (San  Javier  and  Paramba, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

*Elaenia  chiriquensis  albivertex  Pelzeln*.   WHITE-CROWNED  ELAENIA. 

a  Specimens  from  southwestern  Costa  Rica  appear  to  me  exactly  like  others  from 
Panama,  nor  am  I  able  to  satisfactorily  distinguish  the  San  Miguel  Island  race 
(sordidata). 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Boruca  10,  Terraba  3,  Buenos  Aires  5.  Pana- 
ma: Boquete  i,  El  Banco,  Chiriqui  2 ;  Panama  (City)  4,  Colon  3,  San  Miguel  Island  4. 

b  Elaenia  chiriquensis  brachyptera  BERLEPSCH:  Agreeing  in  structure  with  E.  c. 
chiriquensis,  but  upper  parts  darker,  more  brownish  olive;  throat  and  chest  tinged 
with  grayish  olive,  and  abdomen  somewhat  deeper  yellow;  size  rather  smaller.  Wing 
(male)  67-71,  (female)  67-69;  tail  63-64,  (female)  61^-63;  bill  10. 

This  is  a  smaller,  darker  form  of  E.  c.  chiriquensis  whose  range  appears  to  be 
restricted  to  the  southwestern  section  of  Colombia  and  the  adjacent  parts  of  western 
Ecuador.  Certain  specimens  from  Costa  Rica  (Boruca)  approach  it  closely  in  colora- 
tion, but  are  larger.  In  the  original  description,  the  measurements  of  the  male  are 
disfigured  by  misprint. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  San  Pablo  (including  the  type)  3.  Ecuador, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Paramba  (3,500  ft.)  i,  San  Javier  (60  ft.)  i. 

0  Elaenia  chiriquensis  albivertex  PELZELN:   Very  similar  to  E.  c.  chiriquensis,  but 
chest  more  grayish  and  abdomen  paler  yellowish;  upper  parts  on  average  slightly 
more  grayish  olive,  less  brownish. 

1  am  unable  to  find  any  constant  differences  between  series  from  Brazil  (albiver- 
tex), Peru  (gracilis),  and  Colombia  (sororia).   With  few  exceptions,  the  South  Ameri- 


422  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elainea  albivertex  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  177,  1868 — Ypanema,  Sao 
Paulo  (type),  Goyaz,  and  Forte  do  Rio  Branco,  Brazil  (spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  301,  1884 — Bucara- 
manga,  Colombia  (crit. ;  spec,  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ. 
Orn.,  53,  p.  2,  1905  (crit.,  char.,  synon.,  range);  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1906,  p.  668 — 
Itaparica  Island,  Bahia;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  283,  1907 — Bogota 
(range);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  119 — Curuzti  Chica,  Paraguay. 

Elainea  lundii  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  344,  pi.  8, 
fig.  i — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (type  in  Mus.  Copenhagen  examined). 

Elainea  gracilis  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  271,  1884 — Chirimoto,  Peru 
(type  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined). 

Elaenia  sororia  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  175,  1898 — Palomina,  Santa 
Marta  region,  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Elainea  sp.  (allied  to  E.  mesoleuca)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866, 
p.  1 88 — Nauta  and  lower  Ucayali  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  griseogularis  (not  of  SCLATER)  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist. 
Foren.,  1870,  p.  343 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  16 — part,  Potrero,  Urubamba,  Peru  (spec, 
examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 — part,  Merum6  Mts.  and  Roraima; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  f,  i,  r,  r',  y', 
Roraima,  Merume  Mts.,  Cayenne,  lower  Ucayali,  Goyaz,  and  Lagoa  Santa 
(spec,  examined);  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  193,  1899 — Ypiranga  and 
Sao  Carlos  do  Pinhel,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  spec.  inc.  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  20 — Chirimoto. 

Elaenea  pagana  (not  Muscicapa  pagana  LICHTENSTEIN)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer. 
Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  335,  1892 — part,  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (spec, 
examined). 

Elaenea  pagana  sororia  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  147,  1900 — 
Bonda,  Minca,  and  Santa  Marta. 

Elainea  albiceps  parvirostris  (not  of  PELZELN)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  44,  1902 — part,  No.  10591,  Caicara,  Orinoco  River  (nest  and  eggs 
descr. ;  spec,  in  Tring  Museum  examined). 

can  birds  appear,  however,  separable  from  typical  chiriquensis  by  their  paler  under 
parts. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Sao  Paulo,  Ypanema  (including  the  type)  3, 
Ypiranga  i,  Franca  2;  Minas  Geraes,  Lagoa  Santa  (including  the  type  of  E.  lundii)  4, 
Monte  Alegre  i;  Goyaz  i;  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  12;  Bahia  7;  Maranhao  (Barra 
do  Corda,  Grajahu,  Tranqueira,  Alto  Parnahyba)  6;  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  2,  Serra 
da  Lua,  Rio  Branco  i.  Bolivia:  Buena vista  4.  Peru:  Chirimoto  (type  of  E.  gracilis) 
i,  Chachapoyas  i,  Vista  Alegre  2,  lower  Ucayali  i,  Potrero,  Urubamba  i.  French 
Guiana:  Cayenne  6.  British  Guiana:  Rio  Carimang  i,  Bartica  Grove  i,  Roraima 
6,  Merume"  Mountains  i.  Trinidad:  Carenage  (male,  January  14,  1913.  S.  M. 
Klages,  Munich  Museum)  i.  Venezuela:  Celci  Puede,  Bermudezs,  Maracay,  Aragua 
10,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco  i,  Rio  Chama,  MeYida  r.  Colombia:  La 
Concepcion,  Santa  Marta  2,  Bucaramanga  2,  Bogota  15,  San  Antonio  i,  near  San 
Agustin  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  423 

Elainea  pagana  (errore)  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  40 — Bahia  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  albivertex  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  400,  1907 — part,  Colombia,  Vene- 
zuela, Guiana,  Brazil,  Peru  (crit.). 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  134, 
1908 — Cayenne  and  Oyapock,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56, 
p.  527,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  409, 
1914 — Rio  Tocantins  (Arumatheua),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim)  and  Maraj6  (Fa- 
zenda  Teso  Sao  Jos6). 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  chiriquensis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  432,  1907 — part,  South  American  references  and  localities;  CHERRIE, 
Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  228,  1916 — Quiribana  de  Caicara  and 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Orinoco  River;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  455,  1917 — San  Antonio,  La  Florida,  Miraflores,  near  San  Agustin,  La 
Candela,  Andalucia,  Fusugasuga,  and  Monteredondo  (near  Quetame), 
Colombia. 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  albivertex  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
P-  365,  1922 — Mamatoco,  Cincinnati,  LaTigrera,  Minca,  San  Lorenzo,  Pueblo 
Viejo,  and  Las  Taguas,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Paraguay;  Brazil,  from  the  confines  of  Guiana  south  to 
Matto  Grosso  and  Sao  Paulo;  eastern  Bolivia;  eastern  Peru;  French  and 
British  Guiana;  Island  of  Trinidad;  Venezuela;  Colombia  (except  ex- 
treme southwest). 

28:  Brazil  (Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  2;  Grajahu,  Maranhao  i, 
Barra  do  Corda,  Maranhao  i,  Tranqueira,  Maranhao  2,  Alto  Parna- 
hyba,  Maranhao  2 ;  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i) ;  Bolivia 
(Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  4) ;  Peru  (Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco 
2,  Chachapoyas  i);  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  10;  Rio  Chama, 
Me"rida  i);  Colombia  (Bogotd  i). 

Elaenia  chiriquensis  ridleyana  Sharpe*.    FERNANDO  NORONHA  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  ridleyana  SHARPE,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1888,  p.  107 — Fernando  Noronha 
Island;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  139,  1888;  RIDLEY,  Journ.  Linn. 
Soc.,  Zool.,  20,  p.  477,  1890;  NICOLL,  Ibis,  1904,  p.  39;  MURPHY,  Auk,  32, 
P-  50,  1915- 

Elaenia  ridleyana  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  400,  1907  (monog.). 
Range :     Island  of  Fernando  Noronha,  off  the  Brazilian  coast. 

a  Elaenia  chiriquensis  ridleyana  SHARPE:  Similar  to  E.  c.  albivertex  in  coloration, 
but  larger,  with  longer  bill  and  stronger  feet.  Wing  (female)  82;  tail  63;  bill  12-13. 

This  is  merely  a  large  insular  race  of  the  continental  E.  c.  albivertex.  In  shape  of 
wing  and  crest  as  well  as  in  other  structural  details,  the  two  birds  are  perfectly 
alike  nor  can  I  perceive  any  difference  in  coloration.  Besides  the  unsexed  types,  I 
have  examined  an  adult  female  secured  by  the  late  M.  J.  Nicoll  on  December  21, 
1902,  all  in  the  British  Museum. 


424  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Elaenia  ruficeps  Pelzeln.   RUFOUS-CRESTED  ELAINEA. 

Elainea  ruficeps  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  178,  1868 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira 
(type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 — Merume 
Mountains,  British  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  152,  1888 — 
Merume"  Mountains  and  Oyapock,  Guiana. 

Elaenia  ruficeps  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  399,  1907 — Borba,  Merume"  Mts., 
Oyapock  (monog.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  294,  1910 — Borba. 

Elaenea  pagana  (!)  ruficeps  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  188,  1921 — Roraima 
and  Merume  Mountains. 

Range:  Northern  Brazil  (Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  French,  Dutch, 
and  British  Guiana8. 

*Elaenia  obscura  obscura  (Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny).    DUSKY  ELAE- 
NIA. 

Muscipeta  obscura  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7, 
cl.  2,  p.  48,  1837 — Yungas,  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscipeta  guillemini  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  AmeY.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  319,  1839 — new 
name  for  Muscipeta  obscura  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBiGNYb. 

Elainia  obscura  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  274,  1844 — Peru;  idem,  Faun. 
Peru.,  Aves,  p.  158,  1846 — "Ceja  region,"  7,500  ft.,  Peru;  PELZELN,  Orn. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  1868 — Taipa,  Mugy  das  Cruzes,  Casa  Pintada,  Sao  Paulo, 
and  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba  (Parana)0  (spec,  examined);  TAC- 
ZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  536 — Paltaypampa,  Pumamarca,  and 
Ninabamba,  Peru;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1876,  p.  16 — Huiro,  Urubamba, 
Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  614 — Tilotilo,  Yungas,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  270,  1884 — part,  Paltaypampa,  Pumamarca,  Ninabamba, 
Huiro;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  152,  1888 — Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo, 
"Pelotas,"  Lagoa  Santa,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  Tilotilo,  Huiro;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  364 — Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc,  Peru;  IHER- 
ING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — Mundo  Novo  and 
Pedras  Brancas;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  194,  1899 — Iguape  and  Piraci- 
caba  (Rio  das  Pedras),  Sao  Paulo;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  186, 

a  E.  ruficeps  is  somewhat  aberrant  in  structural  details  and  should  perhaps  be 
separated  generically. 

The  type — an  adult  female  in  rather  worn  plumage — differs,  in  certain  details  of 
coloration,  from  five  Guianan  skins  which  are,  however,  all  in  freshly  molted  con- 
dition and,  therefore,  not  properly  comparable.  Specimens  from  various  localities 
exhibit  but  little  variation  in  size:  wing  62  (female,  Borba),  65  (unsexed,  near 
Paramaribo),  67-69  (females,  Merum6  Mountains);  tail  55  (Borba  and  near  Para- 
maribo), 58^-60  (Merume'  Mts.). 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Borba  (the  type)  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  near  Para- 
maribo (June  17,  1905.  R.  Chunkoo,  Tring  Museum)  i.  British  Guiana:  Merume" 
Mountains  4. 

b  Considered  as  untenable  on  account  of  the  earlier  Muscicapa  obscura  VIEILLOT 
(Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.,  21,  p.  451,  1818 — Cayenne). 

0  Cidade  de  Goyaz  is  included  by  mistake  among  the  localities.  The  respective 
specimen  is  the  type  of  E.  spectabilis  PELZELN. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  425 

1902 — San  Pablo,  Tucuman;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — 
San  Pablo;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  417,  1907 — Brazil,  Bolivia,  Peru,  and 
Tucuman  (monog.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  283,  1907 — Ypiranga, 
Franca,  Itarare',  Piracicaba,  Rio  Mogy  Guassu,  Campos  de  Jordao,  and 
Iguape1  (Sao  Paulo),  Taquara  (Rio  Grande  do  Sul),  Itatiaya  and  Vargem 
Alegre  (Minas  Geraes);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  339, 
1910 — Tucuman,  Misiones,  and  Ocampo  (Santa  F£);  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag., 
p.  56,  1913 — Alto  Parana,  Paraguay. 

Elainea  rustica  (LICHTENSTEIN  MS.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  408 — • 
new  name  for  Elainia  obscura  TSCHUDI — Brazil  and  Argentina;  REINHARDT, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  342 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes, 
and  Sao  Bento,  Sao  Paulo. 

Elainea  obscura  rustica  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  132,  1885 — 
Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  (crit.). 

Elanea  obscura  MIRANDA  RIBEIRO,  Arch.  Mus.  Nac.  Rio  de  Janeiro,  13,  p.  184, 
1906 — Retire  do  Ramos  and  Morro  Redondo,  Itatiaya. 

Elaenia  obscura  obscura  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  199,  1909 — • 
Villa  Nougues,  Tucuman;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  95,  1921 — • 
San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  32,  p.  29,  1925 — Bolivia  and 
Tucumdn  (note  on  type). 

Range:  Southern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Minas  Geraes 
south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul ;  Paraguay ;  northern  Argentina  (in  prov. 
Misiones,  Santa  Fe,  and  Tucuman);  Bolivia;  Peru  (in  depts.  Cuzco, 
Junin,  and  Huanuco,  north  to  Molinopampa,  Dept.  Amazonas)8. 

7:  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  i;  Bauni  3,  Victoria,  Sao  Paulo  i); 
Peru  (Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  i;  Molinopampa,  Dept.  Amazonas  i). 

Elaenia  obscura  stolzmanni  Ridgway*.   TAMBILLO  ELAENIA. 

•  On  comparing  large  series  from  various  parts  of  the  range,  I  fail  to  discover 
any  differences  connected  with  particular  geographic  areas,  although  there  is  much 
individual  variation  in  size  and  coloration  within  the  same  locality.  It  is  possible 
that  birds  from  Bolivia  and  Peru  average  slightly  smaller,  but  the  divergency  is 
insignificant.  Specimens  from  Chinchao  (Hudnuco)  and  Molinopampa  (Dept. 
Amazonas)  are  indistinguishable  from  Bolivian  birds  and  certainly  do  not  belong  to 
E.  o.  stolzmanni  if  this  form  be  separable. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Monte  Alegre,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Therezopolis  i, 
Colonia  Alpina,  Serra  dos  Orgaos,  Rio  de  Janeiro  5;  Ypanema  9,  Sao  Paulo  2, 
Faxina  i,  Bauni  3,  Victoria  i,  Casa  Pintada,  Sao  Paulo  i;  Curytiba,  Parana  2; 
Taquara,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul  6.  Argentina:  Villa  Nougues,  Tucuman  2.  Bolivia: 
Yungas  (the  types)  2,  Tanampaya  3,  Chaco  5,  Omeja  i,  Chulumani  i.  Peru:  Garita 
del  Sol  i,  Chinchao  i  Molinopampa  i. 

b  Elaenia  obscura  stolzmanni  RIDGWAY:  Very  similar  to  E.  o.  obscura,  but  upper 
parts  apparently  somewhat  darker  and  browner;  ventral  surface  brighter  yellowish, 
particularly  on  the  throat ;  size  rather  smaller.  Wing  (two  adult  females)  80-82 ;  tail 
75X-79;  bill  11-12. 

This  form  requires  confirmation  by  additional  material.  While  the  two  only 
examples  cannot  be  matched  by  any  individual  in  the  large  series  of  E.  o.  obscura, 
they  are  closely  approached,  both  in  coloration  and  size,  by  an  adult  from  Chaco, 
Yungas  of  La  Paz,  Bolivia. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Tambillo  (types  of  E.  f.  stolzmanni  and  E.  o.  tam- 
billana)  2  (both  females). 


426  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenia  frantzii  stohmanni  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  116,  Sept. 

1906 — Tambillo,  Peru  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  examined). 
Elaenia  obscura  tambillana  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  419,  Feb.  1907 — Tambillo, 

Peru  (type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  examined). 
Elainea  obscura  (not  Muscipeta  obscura  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZAN- 

OWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  235 — Tambillo;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — 

Callacate;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  270,  1884 — part,  Tambillo  and  Callacate. 

Range :  Northwestern  Peru,  on  eastern  slope  of  Western  Cordillera 
in  Province  of  Jaen,  Dept.  Cajamarca  (Tambillo,  Callacate). 

*Elaenia  obscura  pudica  Sdater*.   SCLATER'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  pudica  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.  for  Dec.  1870,  p.  833,  1871 — part,  Bogota 
(type)  and  MeYida;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  302,  1884 — Bucaramanga; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  145,  1888 — part,  spec,  o-y,  Bogota, 
Santa  Elena,  Antioquia,  MeYida. 

Elainea  sp.  ign.  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  781 — MeYida, 
Venezuela. 

Elainea  frantzii  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  513 — Medellin  and  Santa  Elena  (eggs  descr.). 

Elaenia  frantzii  pudica  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  416,  1907 — part,  Bogota, 
Bucaramanga,  Medellin,  Santa  Elena,  Merida  (crit.). 

Elaenia  pudica  pudica  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  457,  1917 — • 
Barro  Blanco,  Salento,  Laguneta,  Rio  Toche,  Fusugasuga,  Santa  Elena, 
Choachi,  Subia,  Pradera,  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Central  and  Eastern  Andes  of 
Colombia  and  adjacent  section  of  western  Venezuela  (states  of  Tachira 
and  Merida). 

6:  Colombia  (Santa  Elena,  Antioquia  i,  Paramo  de  Tama,  San- 
tander  i);  Venezuela,  Andes  of  Merida  (Escorial  i,  Pinos  i,  Merida  2). 

Elaenia  obscura  browni  Bangs*.  BROWN'S  ELAENIA. 

a  Elaenia  obscura  pudica  SCLATER,  while  fairly  distinguishable  from  E.  o.  frantzii 
by  smaller  bill,  inferior  size,  darker  (less  greenish)  upper  parts  with  wider  and  paler 
wing  bands,  and  as  a  rule  paler,  less  yellowish  ventral  surface,  is  clearly  subspecifi- 
cally  related  to  both  frantzii  and  obscura. 

It  is  somewhat  significant  that  the  North  Peruvian  form  (stohmanni)  which,  to 
a  certain  extent,  bridges  the  gap  between  frantzii  and  obscura,  was  classified  by 
Ridgway  as  a  subspecies  of  the  former,  while  Berlepsch  considered  it  a  race  of  the 
latter. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  5,  Fusugasuga  3,  Paramo  de  Tama, 
Eastern  Andes  i;  Santa  Elena  9,  Barro  Blanco  i,  Salento  i,  Rio  Toche^  Central 
Andes  i.  Venezuela:  Andes  of  Me"rida  8. 

b  Elaenia  obscura  browni  BANGS:  Closely  allied  to  E.  o.  pudica,  but  on  average 
smaller  and  upper  parts  decidedly  paler,  more  greenish  olive.  Wing  70-74,  (female) 
66-71;  tail  61-67,  (female)  58-64;  bill  9^-10. 

Although  united  with  E.  o.  pudica  by  Berlepsch,  Chapman,  and  Todd  this  form 
appears  to  me  sufficiently  characterized  by  its  lighter,  more  greenish  dorsal  surface, 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  427 

Elaenia  browni  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Sex:.  Wash.,  12,  p.  158,  1898 — Pueblo  Viejo, 
Santa  Marta  Mts.,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  175,  1898 — San  Miguel;  idem, 
Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  i,  p.  78,  1899 — San  Sebastian,  El  Mamon,  Paramo 
de  Macotama,  and  La  Concepcion  (local  range);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  147,  1900 — "El"  Lorenzo,  El  Libano,  and  Valparaiso. 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  141,  1888 — part,  spec,  j,  "Valencia"  [?  =  Cumbre  de 
Valencia],  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  frantzii  pudica  (not  of  SCLATER)  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  416,  1907 — 
part,  Santa  Marta  region  and  "Valencia,"  Venezuela  (crit.). 

Elaenia  pudica  pudica  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  363, 
1922 — San  Francisco,  Chirua,  San  Lorenzo,  Cincinnati,  Sierra  Nevada  de 
Santa  Marta,  Las  Vegas,  San  Miguel,  and  Heights  of  Chirua. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta 
Mountains)  and  northern  Venezuela  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  and 
Loma  Redonda,  near  Caracas). 

*Elaenia  obscura  frantzii  Lawrence.   FRANTZIUS'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  frantzii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8,  p.  172,  1867 — San 
Jose",  Costa  Rica;  idem,  I.e.,  9,  p.  112,  1868 — San  Jose",  Barranca,  and  Dota 
Mts.,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  145,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a-n,  Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  and  Chiriqui;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  36,  1888 — part,  Guatemala  to  Chiriqui. 

Elaenia  frantzii  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  37,  1902 — 'Boquete  and 
Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Panama;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  416,  1907 — Guatemala 
to  Chiriqui  (monog.);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  268, 
1910 — Coliblanco  and  Volcan  de  Turrialba,  Costa  Rica. 

Elaenia  frantzii  frantzii  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  434, 1907 — 
part,  Guatemala  to  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  718,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (nest  and  eggs  descr.). 

Range:  Guatemala,  south  through  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  to 
western  Panama  (Chiriqui) a. 

7:  Nicaragua  (San  Rafael  del  Norte  2);  Costa  Rica  (Volcan  de 
Turrialba  4,  Coliblanco  i). 

in  which  respect  it  shows  a  decided  approach  to  E.  o.  frantzii,  of  Central  America. 
In  small  bill,  conspicuous  wing  bands,  and  pale  under  parts,  on  the  other  hand, 
E.  o.  brownii  agrees  with  E.  o.  pudica.  Birds  from  Venezuela  are  perhaps  slightly 
yellower  beneath,  but  this  is  likely  to  be  seasonal,  as  the  majority  are  in  fresher 
plumage. 

Material  examined. — Colombia,  Santa  Marta  region:  Pueblo  Viejo  i,  San  Miguel 
2,  San  Sebastian  9,  San  Francisco  i,  Chirua  i,  La  Concepcion  i,  El  Mamon  3. 
Venezuela:  Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila  14,  Loma  Redonda,  near  Caracas  i;  "Valen- 
cia" 2. 

a  Material  examined. — Nicaragua  2,  Costa  Rica  23,  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiri- 
qui) 3- 


428  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Elaenia  paUatangae  Sclater*.   PALLATANGA  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  paUatangae  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  407,  pi.  41 — Pallatanga, 
Ecuador;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  PeY*,  2,  p.  264,  1884 — Maraynioc,  Tambopata, 
Churay,  Paltaypampa,  Tambillo,  Chota,  Cutervo,  Tamiapampa  [excl.  Xebe- 
ros  and  Chyavetas  (ex  BARTLETT),  errore];  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  146,  1888 — Pallatanga,  vicinity  of  Quito,  Jima,  Ecuador;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  364 — Pariayacu,  Maraynioc,  Peru; 
SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  9,  1899 — 
Pun,  Gualea,  and  Niebli,  Ecuador. 

Elainea  albiceps  (not  Muscipeta  albiceps  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TA- 
CZANOWSKI, P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  536 — Maraynioc,  Paltaypampa,  Tamba- 
pota,  Churay;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  234 — Tambillo  (egg  descr.);  idem,  I.e.,  1882, 
p.  19 — Tamiapampa. 

Elaenia  paUatangae  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  409,  447,  1907 — Ecuador  and  Peru 
(monog.);  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  95,  1921 — Torontoy, 
Urubamba  Valley.  , 

Elaenia  pudica  brachyptera  (not  Elaenia  brachyptera  BERLEPSCH)  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  456,  1917 — Andes  west  of  Popayan, 
Cerro  Munchique,  Florida,  Ricaurte,  and  La  Sierra,  Western  Andes  of 
Colombia  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenea  paUatangae  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74, 
1922 — below  Nono,  Chinquil  (Pichincha),  and  road  to  Nanegal. 

Range:  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Western  Andes  of 
Colombia  and  of  the  Andes  of  Ecuador  and  Peru  (south  to  Marcapata). 

10 :  Peru  (ten  miles  east  of  Molinopampa  i ;  Panao  Mts.,  10,300  ft. 
5,  Huanuco  Mts.,  10,500  ft.  2,  Chinchao,  5,700  ft.  i,  Huachipa,  Dept. 
Huanuco  i). 

Elaenia  olivina  Salvin  and  Godmanb.   RORAIMA  ELAENIA. 

a  Elaenia  paUatangae  SCLATER,  in  general  coloration,  is  much  like  E.  obscura 
pudica,  but  may  be  recognized  by  its  much  more  elongated  crest  feathers  with  a 
distinct  white  occipital  patch  (particularly  well-marked  in  the  male  sex)  and  much 
more  yellowish  under  parts.  Wing  73-79,  (female)  68^-73;  tail  64-72,  (female) 
63-67;  bill  10-11. 

Birds  from  the  Western  Andes  of  Colombia,  Ecuador  and  Peru  are  perfectly 
alike.  In  spite  of  its  close  resemblance  to  E.  o.  pudica,  this  form  is  evidently  speci- 
fically different  from  the  obscura  group,  E.  paUatangae  and  E.  obscura  stolzmanni 
having  been  found  together  at  Tambillo,  while  the  collectors  of  Field  Museum,  at 
Molinopampa,  secured  the  present  species  as  well  as  E.  o.  obscura. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Cerro  Munchique  3,  Ricaurte  i.  Ecuador: 
Pallatanga  i,  Huigra,  Chimbo  4,  Chunchi,  Hacienda  Jalancay  4.  Peru:  Tambillo  i; 
Molinopampa  i;  Panao  Mts.  5,  Huanuco  Mts.  2,  Chinchao  i,  Huachipa  i;  Marca- 
pata, alt.  2,000  metr.,  Dept.  Cuzco  9. 

b  Elaenia  olivina  SALVIN  and  GODMAN:  Nearly  allied  to  E.  paUatangae,  but  with 
much  longer  bill;  upper  parts  much  darker;  the  wing  bands  decidedly  narrower; 
throat  and  chest  strongly  shaded  with  olive.  Wing  (male)  76,  (female)  72 ;  tail  70, 
(female)  67;  bill  12-13. 

This  scarce  species  is  most  probably  a  geographic  race  of  E.  paUatangae,  but  I 
have  not  been  able  to  examine  a  sufficient  series  to  form  a  definite  opinion  about  its 
relationship. 

Material  examined. — Roraima  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  429 

Elainea  olivina  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  2,  p.  446,  1884 — Roraima;  SALVIN, 
I.e.,  1885,  p.  294 — "Camacusa,"  Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  146,  pi.  12,  1888 — Roraima. 

Elaenia  olivina  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  408,  1907 — Roraima  and  "Camacusa" 
(monog.). 

Elaenea  pagana  (!)  olivina  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  187,  1921 — Roraima. 

Range :    Mount  Roraima  in  British  Guiana. 

*Elaenia  fallax  fallax  Sclater.  JAMAICAN  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  fallax  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  76,  footnote — Jamaica;  idem,  I.e., 
1870,  p.  832,  fig.  2 — Jamaica  (redescribed) ;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  147,  1888 — Jamaica;  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  118,  1889 — Jamaica. 

Elaenia  fallax  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  409,  1907 — Jamaica  (monog.);  RIDGWAY, 
Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  436,  1907 — Jamaica  (monog.). 

Range :     Island  of  Jamaica. 

5:    Jamaica  (Maryland,  St.  Andrews  2,  unspecified  3). 

*Elaenia  fallax  cherriei  Cory9-.   HAITIAN  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  cherriei  CoRYb,  Auk,  12,  p.  279,  1895 — Catare,  Santo  Domingo. 
Elainia  cherriei  CHERRIE,  Field  Columb.  Mus.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  17,  1896 — 
Catare  and  Aguacate,  Santo  Domingo. 

Elaenia  cherriei  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  437,  1907 — Island 
of  Haiti  (monog.). 

Elaenia  fallax  cherriei  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  410,  1907 — Santo  Domingo  (ex 
CORY). 

Elaina  cherriei  VERRILL  and  VERRILL,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  61,  p.  361 
1909 — Miranda,  Santo  Domingo. 

Range:     Island  of  Haiti  (Catare,  Aguacate,  Gonave,  Miranda). 
3:    Santo  Domingo  (Catare  i,  Aguacate  2). 

Elaenia  gaimardii  trinitatis  Hartert  and  Goodsona.   TRINIDAD  ELAENIA. 

*  Elaenia  fallax  cherriei  CORY:  Very  similar  to  E.  f.  fallax,  but  under  parts 
decidedly  paler  yellowish,  the  chin  and  upper  throat  inclining  to  grayish  white; 
back  slightly  duller,  less  brownish.  Wing  (male)  69-72,  (female)  64-66;  tail  68-69, 
(female)  61^-64;  bill  10-11. 

Material  examined. — Santo  Domingo:   Gonave  2,  Catare  i,  Aguacate  2. 

b  Muscicapa  albicapilla  VIEILLOT  (Hist.  Nat.  Ois.  Ame"r.  Sept.,  I,  p.  66,  pi.  37, 
1807  (?) — San  Domingo)  can  hardly  refer  to  the  present  species.  Description  and 
plate  correspond  much  better  to  the  characters  of  E.  martinica,  and  as  this  species 
has  never  been  found  on  the  Island  of  Haiti,  I  am  inclined  to  regard  the  locality 
given  by  Vieillot  as  erroneous. 

c  Elaenia  gaimardii  trinitatis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  In  coloration  precisely 
similar  to  E.  g.  guianensis,  but  decidedly  larger.  Wing  (male)  62-64}^,  (female) 
56-61;  tail  56-60,  (female)  52-55. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:   Chaguaramas  i,  Caparo  14. 


430  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenia  gaimardii  trinitatis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  411,  Aug. 
1917 — Caparo,  Trinidad. 

Elaniafallax  (not  of  SCLATER)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  236,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Elainea  gaimardi(i)  (not  Muscicapara  gaimardii  D'ORBIGNY)  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  38,  1894 — Princestown,  Trinidad;  HELLMAYR. 
Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  23,  1906 — Caparo,  Trinidad;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl, 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  189,  1906 — Aripo. 

Elainopsis  gaimardii  gaimardii  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  364, 
1908 — Carenage  and  Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Range :    Island  of  Trinidad. 
*Elaenia  gaimardii  guianensis  Berlepsch*.   GUIANAN  ELAENIA. 

Elaenia  gaimardi  guianensis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  421,  1907 — Camacusa, 
British  Guiana  (type  examined) ;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  134,  1908 — Cayenne, 
French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26, 
No.  2,  p.  23,  89,  1912 — Peixe-Boi  and  Sao  Antonio,  Para  district;  SNETHLAGE, 
Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  410,  1914 — Para,  Quati-puru,  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata, 
and  Rio  Tocantins  (Baiao,  Illia  Pae  Lourenco);  BEEBE,  Zool.,  (N.  Y.),  2, 
p.  89,  1916 — Para. 

Elaenia  agilis  (not  Muscicapa  agilis  GMELIN)  BONAPARTE,  Bull.  Soc.  Linn. 
Normandie,  2,  p.  35,  1857 — Cayenne  (descr.). 

Elainea  caniceps  (not  Tyrannula  caniceps  SWAINSON)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1 86 1,  p.  407 — Guiana  and  Cayenne;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  217, 
1 862 — Cayenne. 

Elainea  elegans  (not  of  PELZELN)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  266,  1884 — part, 
Cayenne;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  295 — Bartica  Grove,  Camacusa,  Mei-urne" 
Mts.,  Roraima. 

Elainea  gaimardi  (not  Muscicapara  gaimardii  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  150,  1888 — part,  spec,  j-t,  Roraima,  Merume"  Mts.,  Camacusa, 
Bartica  Grove,  Guiana,  Cayenne,  Oyapock;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.  13,  p.  361, 
1906 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  410, 
1914 — part,  Obidos,  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro). 

Myiopagis  gaimardii  guianensis  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
62,  p.  77,  1918 — Paramaribo  and  Lelydorp,  Surinam. 

*  Elaenia  gaimardii  guianensis  BERLEPSCH:  Closely  similar  to  E.  g.  gaimardii, 
but  upper  parts  somewhat  duller,  less  greenish. 

This  is  a  very  unsatisfactory  race  which  I  have  much  difficulty  in  separating  from 
E.  g.  gaimardii.  Individual  variation  is  unusually  great,  and  hardly  two  specimens 
are  precisely  alike.  Specimens  from  British  Guiana,  collected  by  the  late  H.  Whitely, 
are  markedly  darker,  more  brownish  olive  above  than  E.  g.  gaimardii,  but  they  ap- 
pear to  have  undergone  some  post-mortem  change,  since  in  fresh  material  from  the 
Guianas  and  northeastern  Brazil  this  difference  is  much  less  pronounced.  Two  skins 
from  near  Par£  are  almost  duplicates  of  the  type  from  Camacusa,  while  two  from 
Maranhao  can  hardly  be  distinguished  from  E.  g.  gaimardii. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Camacusa  2,  Rio  Carimang  2.  French 
Guiana:  Cayenne  9,  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  near  Paramaribo  i. 
Brazil:  Rio  Branco  4,  Manaos  i,  Para  i,  Peixe-Boi  i,  Maranhao  2,  Sao  Antonio, 
Goyaz  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  431 

Elaenia  guianensis  PENARD,  Auk,  36,  p.  220,  1919 — British  Guiana  (crit.). 

Elainopsis  guianensis  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  192,  1921 — numerous 
localities. 

Range:  British,  Dutch,  and  French  Guiana;  northern  Brazil,  west 
to  Manaos,  south  of  the  Amazon  from  western  Maranhao  west  to  the 
right  bank  of  the  Tocantins  (fide  Snethlage). 

8 :  Brazil  (Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  i ;  Rosario,  Maranhao  i ;  Sao  An- 
tonio, Rio  Tocantins,  Goyaz  i;  Mandos  i;  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i, 
Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  3). 

*Elaenia  gaimardii  gaimardii  (D'Orbigny).   GAIMARD'S  ELAENIA. 

Muscicapa  albicilla  (not  of  PALLAS  1826)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn. 
Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  52,  1837 — Yuracares,  Bolivia  (descr.). 

Muscicapara  gaimardii  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  326,  1839 — 
Yuracares,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Elainea  caniceps  (not  Tyrannula  caniceps  SWAINSON)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  279 — Pebas. 

Elainea  elegans  (not  Muscicapa  elegans  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  PELZELN, 
Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  179,  1868 — Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore',  Matto 
Grosso  (type),  Borba,  Rio  Madeira,  and  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (spec, 
examined);  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  614 — Simacu, 
Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  266,  1884 — part,  Pebas. 

Elainea  gaimardi  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  150,  1888 — part,  spec,  u-x, 
Borba,  Pebas,  and  Simacu;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  336, 
1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
p.  44,  1902 — Caicara,  Maipures  and  Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco,  Suapure  and 
La  Union,  Caura,  Venezuela;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  502,  1908 — 
Villa  Braga  and  Goyana,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  527,  1908 — Arumatheua 
and  Alcobaca,  Rio  Tocantins. 

Elaenia  gaimardi  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  419,  1907 — part,  excl.  coast  region  of 
Venezuela  and  Trinidad;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  410,  1914 — 
part,  Rio  Tocantins  (left  bank),  Rio  Xingu,  Rio  Iriri,  Rio  Tapaj6zr  and  Rio 
Jamauchim. 

Elaenia  gaimardii  gaimardii  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  45,  1908 — Fazenda 
Esperanca  and  Rio  Thesouras,  Goyaz;  idem,  I.e.,  17,  p.  294,  1910 — Borba, 
Rio  Madeira;  idem,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  54,  1920 — Yahuarmayo, 
Sierra  de  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  183,  1925 — Yura- 
cares, Bolivia  (note  on  type). 

Myiopagis  gaimardi  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  230,  1916 — 
Orinoco  region. 

Range:  Amazonian  forest  region,  from  southern  Venezuela  (banks 
of  the  Orinoco  and  its  tributaries)  and  the  upper  Rio  Negro  (Marabi- 
tanas) through  eastern  Peru  south  to  Bolivia  (Yuracares),  Matto  Grosso, 


432  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

and  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Ituverava,  Rio  Parana),  east  to  the  left  bank 
of  the  Tocantins  (fide  Snethlage)". 
2:    Peru  (Moyobamba  i,  Rioja  i). 

*Elaenia  gaimardii  bogotensis  Berlepschb.   BOGOTA  ELAENIA. 

Elaenia  gaimardi  bogotensis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  421,  1907 — Bogota,  Colom- 
bia (type  examined);  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  362, 
1922 — 'Bonda,  La  Tigrera,  Don  Diego,  and  Dibulla. 

Elainea  elegans  (not  of  PELZELN)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  628 — San  Esteban,  Venezuela;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  631 — part,  Bogota. 

Elainea  gaimardi(i)  (not  Muscicapara  gaimardii  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  150,  1888 — part,  spec,  d-i,  Bogot£  and  San  Esteban;  PHELPS, 
Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa,  Bermudez;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  65,  p.  204,  1913 — Cariaquito,  Paria  Peninsula. 

Myiopagis  macilvainii  (not  Elainea  macilvainii  LAWRENCE)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta. 

Myiopagis  gaimardi  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,  1900 — 
Bonda. 

Elaenia  gaimardii  gaimardii  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft 
5»  P-  79»  1912 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo. 

Range:  Eastern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region;  "Bogota"  collec- 
tions) and  north  coast  of  Venezuela  (from  Zulia  to  the  Paria  Peninsula). 

3:  Colombia  (Bogotd  i);  Venezuela  (Catatumbo  River,  Zulia  i; 
Maracay,  Aragua  i). 

Elaenia  gaimardii  macilvainii  Lawrence0.   MACILVAINE'S  ELAENIA. 

a  Birds  from  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  the  interior  of  Brazil  (Matto  Grosso,  Rio  Ma- 
deira) appear  to  be  alike.  A  single  adult  male  from  Ituverava  (State  of  Sao  Paulo) 
is  remarkably  pale  above,  particularly  about  the  head.  Specimens  from  the  Rio 
Negro  (Marabitanas)  and  Venezuela,  by  somewhat  darker  upper  parts,  form  the 
transition  to  E.  g.  guianensis. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Yuracares  (the  type)  i.  Peru:  Yahuarmayo, 
Sierra  of  Carabaya  i;  Moyobamba  i;  Rioja  i.  Brazil:  Ituverava,  Sao  Paulo  (male, 
August  1911.  E.  Garbe.  Museu  Paulista,  No.  8241);  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto 
Grosso  3 ;  Borba,  Rip  Madeira  2 ;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  3.  Venezuela:  Maipures  2, 
Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco  i ;  Suapure,  Caura  River  4. 

b  Elaenia  gaimardii  bogotensis  BERLEPSCH:  Nearly  allied  to  E.  g.  gaimardii,  but 
on  average  larger;  green  of  upper  parts  brighter;  crown  patch  often  suffused  with 
yellowish;  abdomen  deeper  yellow.  Wing  60-65;  tail  S5-6i. 

Specimens  from  the  Santa  Marta  region  agree  with  Bogota  skins.  Those  from 
the  north  coast  of  Venezuela  are  hard  to  allocate,  on  account  of  their  unusual  varia- 
tion in  the  color  of  the  back,  though  taken  as  a  whole  they  seem  better  referred  to 
bogotensis  than  any  other  form. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogota  (including  the  type)  15,  Bonda  2, 
Mamatoco  i.  Venezuela:  Catatumbo  River,  Zulia  i;  San  Esteban  Valley,  Cara- 
bobo 3;  Maracay,  Aragua  i;  Cumanacoa,  Bermudez  4. 

0  Elaenia  gaimardii  macilvainii  LAWRENCE:  Similar  to  E.  g.  bogotensis,  but  crown 
patch  bright  yellow  instead  of  yellowish  white.  Wing  59-60;  tail  54-60;  bill  9,^-10^. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Carthagena  (the  type)  i.  Panama:  Lion  Hill 
Station  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  433 

Elainea  macilvainii  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.f  10,  p.  10,  1871 — 
"Venezuela?"  (the  type  examined  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 
is  marked  "Carthagena") ;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  315  (crit.). 

Elainea  caniceps?  (not  Tyrannula  caniceps  SWAINSON)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  359 — Panama  Railroad  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  gaimardi  (not  Muscicapara  gaimardii  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  150,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Panama. 

Myiopagis  macilvaini  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  27, 
1888 — Panama  (crit.);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  339,  p.  5,  1899 — Punta  de  Sabana,  Darien. 

Elaenia  macilvaini  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  423,  1907 — part,  Panama. 
Elainopsis  gaimardii  macilvainii  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 

p.  800,  1907 — Panama  and  Carthagena  (monog.);  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 

Phila.,  1918,  p.  269 — Gatun,  Panama. 

Elaenia  macilvaini  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  47,  in  text,  1908 — Panama 

(crit.). 

Elaenia  gaimardii  macilvaini  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p. 
363,  1922 — Fundaci6n  and  Valencia,  west  side  of  Santa  Marta  Mountains, 
Colombia. 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Lion  Hill  Station;  Punta  de  Sabana, 
Darien)  and  Caribbean  coast  of  Colombia,  east  to  the  western  base  of 
the  Santa  Marta  Mountains. 

*Elaenia  cotta  Gosse.   COTTA'S  ELAENIA. 

Elania  cotta  GOSSE,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (2)  3,  p.  257,  1849 — Jamaica;  idem, 
Illustr.  Birds  Jam.,  pi.  45,  1849 — Jamaica. 

Elainea  cotta  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  76 — Jamaica;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  408 — 
Jamaica  (monog.);  MARCH,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1863,  p.  289 — Jamaica; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  149,  1888 — Jamaica;  SCOTT,  Auk,  10, 
p.  178 — Jamaica;  FIELD,  I.e.,  n,  p.  126,  1894 — Port  Henderson. 

Elainia  cotta  CORY,  Birds  W.  Ind.,  p.  118,  1889  (monog.). 
Elaenia  cotta  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  424,  1907  (monog.). 

Myiopagis  cotta  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  404,  1907 — 
Jamaica  (monog.). 

Range:    Island  of  Jamaica. 

5:  Jamaica  (Kingston  i,  Windsor  Parki,  Maryland,  St.  Andrews  2, 
unspecified  2). 

Elaenia  flavivertex  Sclater*.  YELLOW-CROWNED  ELAENIA. 

»  Elaenia  flaviver tex  SCLATER:  Allied  to  E.  viridicata,  but  easily  recognizable  by 
considerably  smaller  size;  slenderer  bill;  deeper  yellow  crown  patch;  deeper,  more 
tawny  olive  back;  dark  grayish  chest,  faintly  flammulated  with  pale  yellowish; 


434  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elainea  flavivertex  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  49 — upper  Ucayali,  Peru 
(type  in  British  Museum  examined);  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.f  14,  p.  151, 
1888 — upper  Ucayali  and  Elvira,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 
Zool.,  9,  p.  45,  1902 — Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  sp.  (near  E.  placens)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  189 — 
upper  Ucayali. 

Elainea  implacens  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  1868 — part, 
Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Elainea  placens  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1873,  p.  279 — upper  Ucayali. 

Elainea  caniceps  (not  Tyranmda  caniceps  SWAINSON)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per., 
2,  p.  269,  1884 — Ucayali  and  Pebas. 

Elaenia  flavivertex  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  423, 1907 — Peru,  Venezuela  (Orinoco), 
and  "Cayenne"  (monog.);  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  134,  1908 — Roche-Marie, 
French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  294,  1910 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira;  idem, 
Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  107,  1912 — Fazenda 
Nazareth,  Mexiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  410,  1914 — Monte 
Alegre  and  Rio  Jamundd  (Faro). 

Myiopagis  flavivertex  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  230,  1916 — 
Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62, 
p.  77,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (Mun- 
duapo, on  the  Orinoco  River);  northern  Brazil  (Island  of  Mexiana; 
Monte  Alegre;  Rio  Jamundd;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira);  northeastern  Peru 
(Nauta,  Elvira,  Ucayali). 

*Elaenia  vindicate  vindicate  (  Vieillot).  AZARA'S  ELAENIA. 

Sylvia  viridicata  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e"d.f  xx,  p.  171,  1817 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  156,  Paraguay. 

Muscicapa  elegans  (not  of  LESSON  1830)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  52,  1837 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris 
Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  viridicata  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me"rid.,  Ois.,  p.  325,  1839 — 
Santo  Coraz6n,  Chiquitos,  Bolivia. 

Elainea  implacens  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  1868 — part, 
Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 

Elainea  placens  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1876,  p.  16,  17 — Maranura,  Urubamba,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  148,  1888 — part,  spec,  f'-h',  Maranura,  Bahia, 
Brazil. 

darker  yellow  abdomen;  finally  by  the  median  and  greater  wing  coverts  being  api- 
cally  edged  with  olive  yellow,  so  as  to  form  two  wing-bands.  Wing  (male)  61-63, 
once  66,  (female)  55-58;  tail  54-59,  (female)  48-51;  bill  11-12. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Roche-Marie  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  near 
Paramaribo  2,  Kwata  i,  Rijweg  i.  Venezuela:  Munduapo,  Rio  Orinoco  3.  Brazil: 
Mexiana  2;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  i.  Peru:  upper  Ucayali  i,  Nauta  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  435 

Elainea  grata  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  31,  p.  216,  1883 — Biscacheral,  Tucumdn 
(type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Elainea  subplacens  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  268,  1884 — 
part,  Maranura. 

Elainea  viridicata  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  35,  p.  118,  1887  (crit.);  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  146,  1888 — Tucuman;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  336,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  15,  1897 — San  Francisco,  Bolivia;  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  282,  1907 — Bebedouro  and  Avanhandava,  Rio  Tiete', 
Sao  Paulo;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  584 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  REISER,  Denks. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  73, 1910;  p.  160,  1925 — Catinho  and 
Porto  da  Pedra,  near  Santa  Ana,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia)  and  Parnagua  (Piauhy). 

Myiopagis  placens  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — El  Bosque, 
Tucuman. 

Elaenia  viridicata  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  87,  1906 — Santa 
Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  14,  p.  425,  1907 — part,  Chapada, 
Ypanema,  Maranura,  Santo  Corazon,  Santa  Cruz  (Bolivia),  Paraguay,  Tuc- 
uman, San  Francisco;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  410,  1914 — Boim, 
Rio  Tapaj6z. 

Elaenia  viridicata  delicata  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  430,  1907 — part,  type  from 
Bahia  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  viridicata  viridicata  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  199,  1909 — 
Tucuman;  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  32,  p.  182,  1925 — Chiquitos,  Bolivia  (crit.). 

Myiopagis  viridicata  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Alto  Parana,  Paraguay. 

Myiopagis  viridicata  viridicata  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  333, 
1910 — Tucuman;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  329,  1926 — base  of 
Cerro  Lorito,  Paraguay. 

Myiopagis  viridicata  rondoni  CHERRIE,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  35,  p.  188, 
1916 — Urucum,  near  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  (type  examined). 

Myiopagis  viridicata  subsp.  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  113,  p.  95,  1921 — 
Idma,  Peru. 

Range:  Northern  Argentina  (Prov.  Tucumdn);  Paraguay;  Brazil, 
from  Sao  Paulo  and  Matto  Grosso  north  to  Piauhy  and  Grao  Pard 
(Boim,  Rio  Tapaj6z);  eastern  Bolivia  (Chiquitos;  Santa  Cruz);  south- 
eastern Peru  (Maranura,  Santa  Ana,  and  Idma,  Urubamba  Valley)". 

•  There  is  so  much  individual  variation  within  the  same  locality  that  further 
subdivision  of  E.  v.  viridicata  seems  impossible.  Birds  from  Sao  Paulo  and  Bolivia 
agree  perfectly  with  Paraguayan  topotypes.  Bahia  skins  (including  the  type  of 
E.  v.  delicata)  and  a  series  from  Piauhy  do  not  constantly  differ  in  coloration,  though 
they  generally  have  smaller  (slenderer)  bills.  A  male  from  Tucuman,  however,  has 
even  a  smaller  bill,  while  the  type  of  E.  grata,  from  the  same  locality,  is  as  large-billed 
as  any  from  Paraguay  and  Bolivia.  Three  (out  of  five)  examples  from  Matto  Grosso 
(M.  v.  rondoni  CHERRIE)  are  indeed  very  pale  above  and  below,  but  they  are  closely 
matched  by  one  or  two  in  the  series  from  Piauhy,  while  a  fourth  specimen  from 
Matto  Grosso  (Chapada)  is  not  appreciably  different  from  Paraguayan  skins.  One 
from  Urubamba  (Maranura),  Peru  is  even  paler  above  than  rondoni,  but  a  second 
example  from  the  same  valley  (Santa  Ana)  resembles  the  average  from  Bahia. 

Material  examined. — Paraguay:  Sapucay  2,  Rio  Negro  2,  Trinidad  i.  Bolivia: 
Chiquitos  (type  of  M.  elegans  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  i,  Santa  Cruz  i. 


436  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

\ 

9:  Brazil  (Rio  das  Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  2; 
Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  5;  Arara,  Piauhy  i;  Deserto,  Piauhy  i). 

*Elaenk  viridicata  pallens  (Bangs)*.   PALE  ELAENIA. 

Myiopagis  placens  pallens  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  85,  1902 — 
Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 

Elainea  placens  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868, 
p.  628 — San  Esteban,  Venezuela;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  148, 
1888 — part,  spec,  d',  e',  Bogotd  and  San  Esteban. 

Myiopagis  placens  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,  1900 — Bonda  and  Minca. 

Elainea  viridicata  (not  Sylvia  viridicata  VIEILLOT)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  44,  1902 — Caicara  and  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco 
River,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  viridicata  delicata  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  430,  1907 — part,  Venezuela; 
HELLMAYR  and  SEJLERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  164,  1912 — San 

Esteban,  Carabobo,  Venezuela. 

Elaenia  viridicata  placens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  427,  1907 — part,  Santa  Marta 
and  Bogota. 

Myiopagis  viridicata  viridicata  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  229, 
1916 — Caicara,  Orinoco. 

Myiopagis  viridicata  accola  (not  of  BANGS)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  457,  1917 — Los  Cisneros,  Caldas,  Jimenez,  Pavas,  and  Rio  Frio,  Colom- 
bia. 

Myiopagis  viridicata  pallens  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  459, 

1917 — Honda. 
Elaenia  viridicata  pallens  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  361, 

1922 — Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  Don  Diego,  and  La  Concepcion. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  and  northern  Venezuela  (San 
Esteban,  Carabobo;  Colon,  Tachira;  Caicara  and  Quiribana  de  Caicara, 
Orinoco  Valley). 

2:    Colombia  (Bogota  i);  Venezuela  (Colon,Tachira  i). 

Argentina:  Tucuman  2.  Peru,  Urubamba  Valley:  Maranura  i,  Santa  Ana  i. 
Brazil,  Matto  Grosso:  Chapada  i,  Urucum  4,  Descalvados  i;  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo 
4;  Rio  de  Janeiro  i;  Bahia  7;  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  2;  Piauhy  (Ibiapaba, 
Arara,  Deserto)  7. 

a  Elaenia  viridicata  pallens  (BANGS)  differs  from  E.  v.  viridicata  mainly  by  its 
much  larger  bill,  while  the  upper  parts  are  perhaps  slightly  brighter  green.  It  is, 
however,  exceedingly  close  to  E.  v.  accola,  but  appears  to  average  a  little  paler  above 
and  below.  We  are  unable  to  appreciate  any  difference  in  the  color  of  the  lateral 
portions  of  the  crown,  and  if  the  two  forms  be  kept  separate,  we  have  no  hesitation 
in  referring  the  birds  from  western  Colombia  to  pallens,  and  not  to  accola.  Specimens 
from  Venezuela  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  those  of  Colombia. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Santa  Marta  2,  La  Concepcion  i;  Bogota  26; 
Media  Luna,  Cauca  3,  Los  Cisneros  2,  Pavas  i.  Venezuela:  Colon,  Tachira  i; 
San  Esteban,  Carabobo  2;  Caicara  i,  Quiribana  de  Caicara,  Orinoco  River  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  437 

*Elaenia  viridicata  implacens  Sclater*.  SCLATER'S  PACIFIC  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  implacens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  408 — part,  type  from  Es- 
meraldas,  Ecuador;  see  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  182,  footnote  7,  1925 
(crit.). 

Elainea  placens  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  148,  1888 — part,  spec,  c', 
Esmeraldas;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  705 — Intac  (spec,  examined). 

Elaenia  viridicata  (not  Sylvia  viridicata  VIEILLOT)  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  425, 
1907 — part,  western  Ecuador. 

Range:    Western  Ecuador  (Intac,  Chimbo,  Esmeraldas). 
i:    Ecuador  (Chimbo  i). 

*Elaenia  viridicata  accola  (Bangs}.   PANAMA  PLACID  ELAENIA. 

Myiopagis  placens  accola  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  35,  1902 — 
Boquete,  Chiriqui;  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  46,  p.  151, 
1905 — San  Miguel  and  Saboga  Islands,  Bay  of  Panama;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  217, 
1906 — Savanna  of  Panama;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  403,  1907 — Nicaragua  to  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  BANGS, 
Auk,  24,  p.  301,  1907 — Boruca,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  723,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (local  range);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub., 
Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci. 
Phila.,  1918,  p.  264 — Gatun,  Ps^nama. 

Elainea  placens  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  148, 
1888 — part,  spec,  r-a',  Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama. 

Myiopagis  placens  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  26, 
1888 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama. 

Elaenia  viridicata  placens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  428,  1907 — part,  Nicaragua, 
Costa  Rica,  and  Panama. 

Range:  Nicaragua,  Costa  Rica,  and  Panama  (east  to  the  Canal 
Zone). 

6:  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis,  Lake  Nicaragua  i) ;  Costa  Rica  (Lagarto 
i,  Bebedero  i,  El  General  i,  Bolson  i,  Guayabo  i). 

*Elaenia  viridicata  placens  Sclater.   PLACID  ELAENIA. 

Elainia  placens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  46,  1859 — Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz, 
Mexico;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1859,  p.  123,  pi.  4,  fig.  2 — Cordoba  and 
Guatemala. 

•  Elaenia  viridicata  implacens  SCLATER:  Nearest  to  E.  v.  pollens  and  agreeing  in 
large  bill;  but  considerably  smaller;  lateral  portions  of  pileum  much  darker,  dull 
blackish  instead  of  gray;  back  much  richer  olive  green;  edges  to  wing-coverts  and 
remiges  much  brighter  yellowish.  Wing  (two  males)  64-68;  tail  60-65;  bill  n. 

I  am  not  quite  certain  that  the  name  implacens  is  really  applicable  to  this  form. 
Two  adult  males  from  western  Ecuador  (Intac  and  Chimbo)  are  decidedly  different 
from  any  specimen  of  E.  v.  pollens  I  have  seen,  but  whether  they  are  the  same  as 
the  Esmeraldas  birds  is  rather  doubtful.  The  type,  while  agreeing  in  size,  is  much 


438  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elainea  placens  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  148,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  c-q, 
Cordoba,  Mugeres  and  Cozumel  Islands,  and  Guatemala. 

Myiopagis  placens  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  26, 1888 — 
part,  Mexico  (except  Tres  Marias  Islands)  and  Guatemala. 

Myiopagis  placens  placens  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  401, 
1907 — southern  Mexico,  Guatemala,  and  Honduras  (monog.,  full  bibliogra- 
phy). 

Elaenia  viridicata  placens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  427,  1907 — part,  Mexico, 
Guatemala,  and  Honduras;  DEARBORN,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn. 
Ser.,  i,  p.  102,  1907 — Los  Amates,  San  Jos6,  and  Mazatenango,  Guatemala. 

Myiopagis  yucatanensis  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  14,  p.  172,  1901 — La 
Vega,  Yucatan  (=juv.). 

Range:    Southern   Mexico    (in   states  of  Vera   Cruz,    Campeche, 
Yucatan,  and  Chiapas),  Guatemala,  and  Honduras. 

8:    Yucatan  (Cozumel  Island  i);  Guatemala  (Los  Amates,  Izabel  3, 
San  Jose",  Esquintla  i,  Mazatenango  2,  unspecified  i). 

Elaenia  viridicata  jaliscensis  (Nelson).  JALISCO  ELAENIA. 

Myiopagis  placens  jaliscensis  NELSON,  Auk,  17,  p.  264,  1900 — San  Sebastian, 
Jalisco;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  402,  1907 — south- 
western Mexico  (monog.). 

Elaenia  viridicata  jaliscensis  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  429,  1907 — Jalisco  (ex 
NELSON). 

Range:    Southwestern  Mexico  (in  State  of  Jalisco);  straggler  in 
winter  to  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

Elaenia  viridicata  minima  (Nelson).   TRES  MARIAS  ELAENIA 

Myiopagis  placens  minimus  NELSON,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p/9,c  1898 — 
Maria  Madre  Island,  Tres  Marias  Group,  Mexico;  idem,  North  ^Amer. 
Fauna,  14,  p.  50,  1899 — Tres  Marias  (habits). 

Elainea  placens  (not  of  SCLATER  1859)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  148, 
1888 — part,  spec,  b,  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

Myiopagis  placens  minima  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  403, 
1907 — Tres  Marias  (monog.). 

Elaenia  viridicata  minima  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  429,  1907 — Tres  Marias  (ex 
NELSON). 

Range:    Tres  Marias  Islands,  off  western  Mexico   (Maria  Madre 
Island). 

paler  on  the  back  and  has  the  yellowish  wing-markings  much  less  distinct;  its  de- 
plorable condition,  however,  does  not  admit  of  definite  conclusion. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:   Esmeraldas  (the  type)  i,  Intac  i,  Chimbo  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  439 

*Elaenia  subplacens  Sclater*.   ERASER'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  subplacens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  407,  1861 — Pallatanga,  Rio 
Chimbo,  Ecuador;  idem,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  218,  1862 — Pallatanga; 
BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  555 — Guayaquil  and 
Chimbo,  Ecuador  (crit.);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  268,  1884 — part, 
Lechugal  and  "Paucal";  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  149,  1888 — 
Pallatanga,  Balzar,  and  Puna  Island,  Ecuador;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5, 
p.  487,  1898 — Chimbo  (spec,  examined). 

Elainia  sp.  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  28, 
p.  68,  1860 — Pallatanga. 

Elainea  implacens  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861,  p.  408 — part,  Babahoyo  (spec, 
examined). 

Elainea  placens  (not  of  SCLATER)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  325 — 
Lechugal,  Prov.  Tumbez. 

Elaenia  subplacens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  431,  1907 — part,  western  Ecuador 
and  northwestern  Perub  (monog.). 

Range:  Southwestern  Ecuador  (Balzar,  Pallatanga,  Babahoyo, 
Milagro,  Chimbo,  Guayaquil,  Puna  Island)  and  northwestern  Peru 
(Prov.  Tumbez). 

i:    Ecuador  (Milagro  i). 

*Elaenia  caniceps  caniceps  (Swainson)0.   GRAY-HEADED  ELAENIA. 

Tyrannula  caniceps  SWAINSON,  Ornith.  Draw.,  Part  5,  pi.  49,  before  Dec.  1837 — 
Brazil. 

•  Elaenia  subplacens  SCLATER  is  obviously  a  distinct  species,  differing  from  E. 
viridicata  implacens  SCLATER,  which  is  also  found  in  western  Ecuador,  by  much  longer 
tarsi;  much  duller  upper  parts,  obsoletely  spotted  with  dusky  on  the  mantle;  much 
paler  (yellowish  gray  rather  than  light  yellow)  edges  to  the  wing-coverts;  much 
paler  yellowish  margins  to  the  remiges;  much  paler  yellow  abdomen,  with  the  chest 
mainly  pale  gray;  more  whitish  throat;  and  particularly  by  the  long  grayish  white 
superciliaries  reaching  back  to  the  sides  of  the  neck.  Wing  (male)  75,  (female) 
69-70;  tail  73-75,  (female)  65-69;  bill  12. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Babahoyo  i,  Chimbo  3,  Milagro  i,  Guayaquil 
i,  Puna  Island  2. 

b  The  Bogotd  skins  mentioned  by  Berlepsch  I  have  carefully  examined.  Although 
approaching  E.  subplacens  in  dimensions  of  wing  and  tail,  they  agree  with  E.  viri- 
dicata pattens  in  shortness  of  tarsi  and  coloration,  especially  in  lacking  the  con- 
spicuous superciliaries,  and  I  am  convinced  they  are  but  unusually  large  examples  of 
the  viridicata  form  of  eastern  Colombia. 

0  Elaenia  c.  caniceps  is  exceedingly  variable  in  coloration,  the  grayish  extreme 
with  white  coronal  patch  and  wing  markings  of  the  male  plumage  having  been 
described  as  a  distinct  species  (E.  taczanowskii),  as  I  have  shown  in  another  connec- 
tion (Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  45-46,  1908). 

Specimens  from  Paraguay  and  Jujuy  agree  well  with  a  series  from  Brazil. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Cod6,  Cocos,  Maranhao  i;  above  Nova  Castel- 
liano,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy  i ;  Bahia  (trade  skins)  4,  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  i ;  Rio  das 
Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i ;  Rio  i ;  Sao  Paulo,  Porto  do  Rio  Parand  i, 
Ypanema  2,  Victoria  3,  Ubatuba  i;  Goyaz  (City)  i;  Matto  Grosso,  Chapada  i, 
Abrilongo  i.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  9.  Argentina:  Ledesma,  Jujuy  2. 


440  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elainea  caniceps  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  107,  1868  —  Ypanema  and  Porto  do 
Rio  Parana,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874  —  Cantagallo,  Rio;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  151,  1888  —  Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155,  1900  —  Can- 
tagallo; idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  282,  1907  —  Ubatuba,  Jundiahy,  Victoria 
de  Botucatu,  Itarare1,  and  Bebedouro,  Sao  Paulo;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat., 
i,  p.  41,  1909  —  Ledesma,  Jujuy;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  586  —  Sapucay,  Para- 
guay (spec,  examined)  ;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
p.  74,  1910;  I.e.,  p.  160,  1925  —  Nova  Castelliano,  Rio  Parnahyba,  Piauhy 
(spec,  examined). 

Elainea  taczanmvskii  BERLEPSCH,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  137,  1883  —  Bahia  (type  exam- 
ined); SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  144,  1888  (ex  BERLEPSCH). 

Serpophaga  albogrisea  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  333,  1892  —  part,  adult  males,  Abrilongo  and  Chapada,  Matto 
Grosso  (spec,  examined). 

Myiopagis  caniceps  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  137,  1902  — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  333,  1910  — 
Ledesma,  Jujuy;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913  —  Alto  Parana. 

Elaenia  caniceps  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  422,  1907  —  Brazil  and  Paraguay 
(monog.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  45,  46,  1908  —  Goyaz  (crit.,  varia- 
tion, range);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  I.e.,  16,  p.  202,  1909  —  Ledesma,  Jujuy. 

Elaenia  cinerea  taczanmvskii  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  433,  1907  —  Bahia  and 
Porto  do  Rio  Parana  (monog.). 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  from  Maranhao  and  Piauhy 
south  through  Bahia,  Minas  Geraes,  Goyaz,  and  Matto  Grosso  to  Rio 
de  Janeiro  and  Sao  Paulo;  Paraguay;  northern  Argentina  (Prov. 


3  :  Brazil  (Cod6,  Cocos,  Maranhao  i  ;  Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  i  ;  Rio  das 
Velhas,  near  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i). 

*Elaenia  caniceps  cinerea  Pelzeln*.   GRAY  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  cinerea  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  180,  1868  —  Marabitanas,  Rio 
Negro  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined  ;  =  adult  male);  BERLEPSCH  and 
HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  45,  1902  —  Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec. 
examined). 

*  Elaenia  caniceps  cinerea  PELZELN:  Closely  similar  in  the  male  sex  to  the  grayish 
"phase"  of  E.  c.  caniceps  (E.  taczanowskii}  ,  but  upper  parts  of  a  purer  bluish  gray 
(without  olivaceous  tinge);  white  wing-  markings  broader;  bill  larger.  Female  (and 
immature  male)  immediately  distinguishable  from  the  corresponding  plumage  of 
E.  c.  caniceps  by  brighter  green  back,  bright  yellow  (instead  of  grayish  white)  under 
parts,  and  wider,  deeper  yellow  wing-markings.  Wing  60-63,  (female)  56-58;  tail 
55-57i  (female)  47-50;  bill  n. 

Material  examined.  —  Venezuela:  Suapure,  Caura  River  (one  male,  one  female)  2. 
Colombia:  Bogot£  (one  adult  .male,  one  male  in  change  of  plumage)  2.  Ecuador: 
Sarayacu  (male)  i.  Brazil:  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  (male,  type)  i;  Tonantins, 
Rio  Solimoes  (females)  2.  Peru:  Chamicuros  (male)  i,  Puerto  Bermudez  (female)  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  441 

Serpophaga  albogrisea  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1880,  p.  156 — 
Sarayacu,  Ecuador  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  103,  18*8 — Sarayacu,  Ecuador  and  Chamicuros,  Peru 
(spec,  examined). 

Elainea  macilvaini  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool., 
9,  p.  44,  1902 — Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined ;=  female). 

Elaenia  cinerea  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  433,  1907 — Colombia  (Bogotd),  Vene- 
zuela (Suapure,  Caura),  Brazil  (Marabitanas),  Ecuador  (Sarayacu),  and 
Peru  (Chamicuros)  (monog.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  46,  47,  1908 
(crit.,  plumages,  range). 

Myiopagis  cinerea  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  230,  1916 — 
Suapure,  Caura. 

Range :  Amazonian  forest  region  from  southern  Venezuela  (Suapure, 
Caura  Valley)  and  eastern  Colombia  (Bogota-collections)  through  east- 
ern Ecuador  (Sarayacu)  and  northwestern  Brazil  (Marabitanas,  Rio 
Negro;  Tonantins,  Rio  Solimoes)  to  Peru  (Chamicuros,  Dept.  Loreto; 
Puerto  Bermudez,  Dept.  Junin)8. 

i :    Peru  (Puerto  Bermudez  i). 

Elaenia  caniceps  parambae  (Hellmayr)b.   PARAMBA  ELAENIA. 

Serpophaga  parambae  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  14,  p.  54,  1904 — Paramba, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador. 

Elaenia  cinerea  parambae  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1132 — N6vita  and 
Noanama,  Choc6,  Colombia  (crit.,  juv.  descr.). 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  western  Colombia 
(Choc6  district)  and  northwestern  Ecuador  (Paramba,  Prov.  Esme- 
raldas). 

Elaenia  leucospodia  leucospodia  Taczanowski*.   STOLZMANN'S  ELAENIA. 

Elainea  leucospodia  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  325 — Tumbez,  Peru; 
idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Chepen;  idem,  Orn.  P6r.,  2,  p.  267,  1884 — Guadalupa, 
Tumbez,  Chepen,  Paucal;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  144,  1888 — 
Tumbez,  Chepen. 

a  A  female  of  an  apparently  undescribed  race  from  French  Guiana  (Pied  Saut, 
Oyapock)  is  in  the  Carnegie  Museum. 

b  Elaenia  caniceps  parambae  (HELLMAYR)  :  Similar  to  E.  c.  cinerea,  but  much 
smaller;  male  in  adult  plumage  with  more  grayish  chest,  while  the  immature  dress 
differs  from  the  corresponding  stage  of  its  ally  in  ashy  gray  pileum  with  white  (instead 
of  pale  yellow)  coronal  patch,  and  paler  yellow  under  parts  with  more  whitish  throat. 
Wing  (one  adult  male,  the  type)  56^,  (immature  males)  53^-56;  tail  44-49;  bill 
9-10. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:    Paramba  i.    Colombia:    N6vita  i,  Noanama  i. 

c  A  rather  aberrant  species,  recalling,  in  some  respects,  certain  members  of  the 
genus  Serpophaga. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Chepen  2,  Tembladera  i. 


442  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenia  leucospodia  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  432,  1907 — northwestern  Peru 
(monog.);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — Sullana,  Dept.  Piura. 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  northwestern  Peru  (in  prov.  Tumbez, 
Piura,  Lambayeque,  and  Libertad). 

Elaenia  leucospodia  cinereifrons  Salvadori  and  Festa*.   GRAY-FRONTED 
ELAENIA. 

Elainea  cinereifrons  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  8,  1899 — Puntilla  de  Santa  Elena,  near  Guayaquil,  Ecuador  (type  ex- 
amined). 

Elaenia  cinereifrons  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  432,  1907 — Puntilla  de  Santa  Elena 
(crit.). 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  southwestern  Ecuador  (vicinity  of  Guaya- 
quil). 

Genus  SUIRIRI  D'Orbigny. 

Suiriri  D'ORBIGXY,  Voyage  Amer.  merid.,  Ois.,  p.  336,  1839 — type  by  tautonomy 
Muscicapa  suiriri  VIEILLOT. 

Empidagra  CABANIS  and  HEINLE,  Mus.  Heln.,  2,  p.  59,  1859 — new  name  for 
Suiriri  D'ORBIGNY. 

*Suiriri  suiriri  (  Vieillot),   SUIRIRI  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscitapa  suiriri  VIEILLOT,  Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat.,  nouv.  e\i.,  21,  p.  487,  1818 — 
based  on  Azara,  No.  179,  Paraguay;  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  51, 1837 — Mojos,  Bolivia,  and  "Choao"  [  =  Chaco], 
Argentina  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Pachyrhamphus  albescens  GOULD  in  Darwin,  Zool.  Beagle,  3,  Part  9,  p.  50,  pi.  14, 
1839 — Buenos  Aires. 

Suiriri  suiriri  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Amer.  me^rid.,  Ois.,  p.  336,  1839 — Corrientes, 
Mojos,  Chiquitos;  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25,  p.  136,  1902 — 
Sapucay,  Paraguay  (crit.);  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  200, 
1909 — Ocampo  (Santa  Fe"),  Bahia  Blanca  (Buenos  Aires),  and  Tucuman; 
CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  587 — Sapucay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — 
Asunci6n;  DAGUERRE,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  269,  1922 — Rosas,  Prov.  Buenos 
Aires;  GIACOMELLI,  I.e.,  3,  p.  71, 1923 — La  Rioja;  PEREYRA,  I.e.,  p.  168,  1923 — 
Zelaya,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  (Buenos  Aires) 
for  1922-23,  p.  648,  1924 — Buenos  Aires;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  178, 
1925 — Chaco  and  Mojos  (crit.,  variation,  meas.,  range);  WETMORE,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  329,  1926 — Chaco,  from  northern  Argentina  into 
Paraguay,  Territory  of  Pampa,  and  Tucuman  (crit.,  habits). 

•  Elaenia  leucospodia  cinereifrons  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA:  Very  similar  to  E.  I. 
leucospodia,  but  upper  parts  slightly  purer  grayish,  without  any  olive  on  rump; 
flanks  and  under  tail-coverts  white  like  the  rest  of  the  belly,  not  tinged  with  yellow- 
ish. Wing  (one  male,  the  type)  63 K;  tail  55 K:  bill  "• 

More  material  is  required  to  prove  if  this  form  is  really  separable  from  E.  leu- 
cospodia. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  443 

Taenioptera  suiriri  BURMEISTER,  Journ.  Orn.,  8,  p.  247,  1860 — Tucuman;  idem, 
Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  460,  1861 — Tucuman. 

Elainea  albescens  BURMEISTER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  634 — Buenos  Aires. 

Empidagra  suiriri  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  633 — Conchitas; 
CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  26,  p.  197,  1878 — Cordoba;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  154,  1888 — Uruguay,  Conchitas,  Buenos  Aires;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  146,  1888 — Argentina;  STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ, 
Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — Cordoba;  SALVADORI,  Bol. 
Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  10,  No.  208,  p.  10,  1895 — Villa  Rica,  Paraguay;. idem, 
I.e.,  12,  No.  292,  p.  16,  1897 — Campo  Santo,  Tala,  and  Lesser  (Salta),  Caiza 
(Bolivia);  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  186,  1902 — Tucuman; 
L6NNBERG,  Ibis,  1903,  p.  469 — Fortin  Crevaux  and  Tatarenda,  Bolivia; 
BAER,  Ornis,  12,  p.  220,  1904 — Tapia;  BRUCH,  Rev.  Mus.  La  Plata,  n, 
p.  255,  1904 — Oran,  Salta;  LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — 
Tucuman;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  339,  1910 
(range  in  Argentina);  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911,  p.  119 — Tayni  and  Santa  Rosa, 
Paraguay;  TREMOLERAS,  El  Hornero,  2,  p.  21,  1920 — Montevideo,  Canelones, 
Colonia,  and  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay. 

Elainea  albiceps  (errore)  BARROWS,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  8,  p.  200,  1883 — Con- 
cepcion  del  Uruguay,  Entrerios;  see  ALLEN,  Auk,  6,  p.  269,  1889  (crit.). 

Suiriri  improvisa  WETMORE,  Auk,  41,  p.  595,  1924 — Tapia,  Tucuman  (type  in 
U.  S.  National  Museum  examined);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  330, 
1926 — Tapia. 

Range:  Eastern  Bolivia  (depts.  Santa  Cruz  and  Tarija);  Brazil 
(Urucum,  Matto  Grosso;  Pirapora,  Rio  Sao  Francisco,  Minas  Geraes); 
Uruguay;  Paraguay;  northern  Argentina  (south  to  La  Rioja,  Cordoba, 
Pampa,  and  Bahia  Blanca,  Prov.  Buenos  Aires) a. 

22:  Bolivia  (Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz  4);  Argentina  (San 
Vicente,  Santa  F^  i;  Concepcion,  Tucuman  14);  Brazil  (Urucum  de 
Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  3). 

•  I  am  unable  to  discover  any  constant  differences  between  specimens  from  va- 
rious localities.  In  worn  plumage,  the  faint  olivaceous  hue  of  the  back  disappears 
almost  entirely  while  the  wing  bands,  through  wear,  become  narrower  and  nearly 
white.  An  adult  male  (in  abraded  condition),  obtained  by  E.  Garbe  at  Pirapora, 
Minas  Geraes,  in  August,  1912  (Museu  Paulista,  No.  8418)  appears  to  be  inseparable 
from  Argentina  and  Bolivian  examples  in  corresponding  plumage. 

The  original  of  S.  improvisa  is  evidently  but  an  individual  mutant  with  an  un- 
usual amount  of  lipochrom  tints.  In  a  series  recently  received  from  Concepcion 
(Tucuman)  there  is  every  possible  transition  between  this  type  of  coloration  and 
the  normal  white-bellied  form.  I  am  very  sorry  to  have  misled  Dr.  Wetmore  to 
describe  it  as  new,  but  to  my  justification  I  may  say  that  I  had  very  scanty 
material  to  compare  with  at  that  time,  and  did  not  realize  the  variability  of  this 
species. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Mojos  i,  Trigal  i,  Olgin  2,  Potrerito  2,  Guarayos 
2,  Buenavista  4.  Brazil:  Urucum,  Matto  Grosso  3;  Pirapora,  Minas  Geraes  i. 
Paraguay:  Sapucay  i,  Bernalcue,  near  Asunci6n  2.  Argentina:  Bahia  Blanca  ir 
Buenos  Aires  2,  Chaco  2,  La  Soledad,  Entrerios  2,  Tucuman  (Tapia,  Los  Vasquez, 
Concepcion)  18. 


444  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Suiriri  affinis  affinis  (Burmeister) .  ALLIED  SUIRIRI  FLYCATCHER. 

Elaenea  affinis  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  477,  1856 — Lagoa 
Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (types  in  Halle  Museum  examined);  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  336,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso. 

Elainea  affinis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  108,  1868 — Capivari  and  Cimeterio 
[do  Lambari],  Parand,  and  Nas  Lages  and  Rio  das  Pedras,  Sao  Paulo  (spec, 
in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist. 
Foren.,  1870,  p.  340 — Paracatii,  Curvelo,  Lagoa  Santa,  and  Aldea  de  Estivas, 
Minas  Geraes;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  154,  1888 — Lagoa  Santa, 
Rio  das  Pedras,  "Bahia"  =  Cayenne  (spec,  examined). 

Empidagra  affinis  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74, 
1910 — Fazenda  da  Serra  and  Lagoa  de  Boqueirao  (Rio  Grande),  Faz.  Taboa, 
Pao  de  Canoa,  and  Santa  Rita  (Rio  Preto),  Bahia,  and  Serra  do  Paranagud 
and  Sao  Antonio  de  Gilboez,  Piauhy  (spec,  examined). 

Suiriri  affinis  affinis  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  47,  1908 — Rio  Thesouras  and 
Goyaz  City,  Goyaz  (crit.). 

Suiriri  affinis  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  406,  1914 — Serra  de  Erer£, 
near  Monte  Alegre  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Campos  of  Brazil,  from  Matto  Grosso,  Parana,  northern 
Sao  Paulo  (headwaters  of  the  Parana),  and  Minas  Geraes  through 
Goyaz  and  northwestern  Bahia  (Rio  Grande  and  Rio  Preto)  north  to 
Piauhy,  Maranhao,  and  Grao  Para  (Serra  de  Erere",  near  Monte  Alegre, 
north  bank  of  lower  Amazon)8. 

7 :  Brazil  (Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem,  Minas  Geraes  i ;  Pira- 
putanga,  Matto  Grosso  i;  Tranqueira,  Maranhao  i;  Cod6.  Cocos,  Mar- 
anhao 4). 

*Suiriri  affinis  bahiae  (Berlepscti)b.   BAHIA  SUIRIRI  FLYCATCHER. 

a  Specimens  from  various  localities  in  the  interior  of  Brazil  agree  well  together. 
Five  skins  from  northwestern  Bahia  (Rio  Grande  and  Rio  Preto)  are  perfectly  similar 
to  others  from  Minas  Geraes  (topotypical)  and  Sao  Paulo.  A  single  male  from  the 
Serra  de  Erer<§  (lower  Amazon)  is  wholly  typical  of  this  form,  having  the  rump  and 
the  concealed  basal  portion  of  the  tail  pale  yellowish.  The  British  Museum  possesses 
a  specimen  (c,  of  Sclater's  list),  said  to  be  from  "Bahia,"  which  is  prepared  like  the 
trade  skins  imported  from  Cayenne. 

Shape  of  bill  and  coloration  of  lower  mandible  are  subject  to  remarkable  vari- 
ation, even  more  so  than  in  the  allied  S.  suiriri.  As  far  as  I  can  make  out,  it  does 
not  appear  to  be  correlated  with  either  sex  or  age. 

Material  examined. — Sao  Paulo:  Franca  i,  Rio  das  Pedras  2,  Nas  Lages  3. 
Parand:  Capivari  3,  Lambari  i.  Matto  Grosso:  Piraputanga  i,  Chapada  i,  Rio 
Paranahyba  i.  Minas  Geraes:  Lagoa  Santa  (the  types)  2,  Agua  Suja,  near  Baga- 
gem 5,  Abaite  i,  Pirapora  i.  Goyaz:  Rio  Thesouras  4,  Goyaz  City  2.  Bahia: 
Faz.  da  Serra,  Rio  Grande  i,  Lagoa  de  Boqueirao,  Rio  Grande  i;  Rio  Preto  3. 
Piauhy:  boundary  ridge  north  of  Santa  Rita  2,  Serra  of  Parnagua  i,  Sao  Antonio  de 
Gilboez  i.  Maranhao:  Cod6,  Cocos  4,  Tranqueira  i.  Grao  Pard:  Serra  de  Erer£, 
Monte  Alegre  i. 

b  Suiriri  affinis  bahiae  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Similar  to  S.  a.  affinis,  but  upper  tail- 
coverts  dark  hair  brown  like  the  tail;  rectrices  without  any  yellowish  at  the  base  and 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  445 

Empidagra  bajiiae  BERLEPSCH,  Orn.  Monatsber.,  i,  p.  12,  1893 — Bahia  (type  in 
Coll.  Berlepsch  examined). 

Range:  Campos  of  eastern  Bahia  (Joazeiro,  Rio  Sao  Francisco; 
Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas). 

i :    Brazil  (Rio  do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas,  Bahia  i). 

Genus  SUBLEGATUS  Sclater  and  Salvin". 

SuUegatus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  172 — type  by  monotypy 
Sublegatus  glaber  SCLATER  and  SALVIN. 

*Sublegatus  modestus  modestus  (Wied).  WIED'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Muscipeta  modesta  WiEDb,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  923,  1831 — Camamu 
and  Bahia,  Brazil. 

Muscipeta  brevirostris  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  49,  1837 — Corrientes  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined);  D'OR- 
BIGNY, Voyage  Amdr.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  321,  1839 — Corrientes. 

Elaenia  brevirostris  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  274,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  159,  1846 — forest  region  of  Peru  (type  in  NeuchStel 
Museum  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  272,  1884  (descr.  of  type). 

Elainea  vriedii  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  3,  p.  390,  1869 — new  name  for  Muscipeta 
modesta  WIED. 

Phyllomyia  modesta  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  348, 
1870 — Paracatu  and  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (types  in  Copenhagen 
Museum  examined). 

Phyllomyias  platyrhyncha  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Nomencl.  Av.  Neotrop.,  p.  159, 
1873 — Goyaz,  Brazil  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Sublegatus  griseocularis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  17 — 
Maranura,  Urubamba,  Peru  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  158,  1888 — Maranura  and  Mendoza;  SCLATER  and 
HUDSON,  Arg.  Orn.,  i,  p.  147,  1888 — Mendoza;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  336,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (spec,  examined); 
LILLO,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — Tucuman. 

Sublegatus  frontalis  SALVADORI",  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  14, 
1897 — Caiza,  southeastern  Bolivia. 

without  the  pale  brownish  apical  band.    Wing  (male)  85,  (female)  74-79;  tail  74, 
(female)  67-71;  bill  12-13. 

This  form  appears  to  be  restricted  to  the  eastern  section  of  the  State  of  Bahia. 
In  addition  to  the  type,  a  Bahia  trade  skin,  I  have  examined  an  adult  and  a  young 
male  from  Joazeiro  (Museu  Paulista,  Nos.  7653,  7809),  and  an  adult  female  from  Rio 
do  Peixe,  near  Queimadas. 

a  This  genus  is  barely  separable  from  Phyllomyias  CABANIS  and  HEINE. 

b  Although  the  type  is  lost  (see  Allen,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  232, 
1889),  Wied's  description  is  unmistakable. 

0  The  late  Count  Berlepsch  (in  litt.)  informed  me  that  he  could  not  find  any 
tangible  difference  between  one  of  the  types  and  other  specimens  from  Peru. 


446  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phyllomyias  semifuscus  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  105,  1868 — 
part,  City  of  Goyaz  and  Serrado,  Goyaz  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Empidagra  brevirostris  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  155,  1888 — part,  Peru 
(ex  TSCHUDI). 

Sublegatus  platyrhynchus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  158,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-d,  Bahia,  "Sao  Paulo,"  Goiaz;  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis, 
6,  p.  14,  1890 — Cuyabd  and  Jatuba,  Matto  Grosso  (crit.);  REISER,  Denks. 
math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  74,  1910 — Boavista  (Rio  Grande), 
Santa  Rita  (Rio  Preto),  Bahia,  and  Serra  da  Prata,  Parnagud,  and  Santa 
Philomena,  Piauhy. 

Sublegatus  brevirostris  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  365 — 
La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru. 

Serpophaga  albogrisea  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  333,  1892 — part,  juv.  in  first  plumage,  Chapada  (spec, 
examined). 

Sublegatus  fasciatus  (not  Pipra  fasciata  THUNBERG)  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR, 
Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  4,  12,  1905  (crit.,  synon.,  range);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZ- 
MANN, Ornis,  13,  p.  87,  1906 — Santa  Ana,  Peru  (spec,  examined);  IHERING, 
Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  285,  1907 — Itapurd,  Sao  Paulo;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ. 
Orn.,  56,  p.  12,  1908 — Bom  Lugar,  Rio  Punis;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  57, 
1913 — Asunci6n,  Paraguay;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  411,  1914 — 
part,  Rio  Punis;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc..  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  58,  1917 — Caceres, 
Matto  Grosso;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  330,  1926 — Las 
Palmas  (Chaco)  and  Puerto  Pinasco,  Paraguay. 

Sublegatus  fasciatus  fasciatus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  48,  1908 — Fazenda 
Esperanca  and  Goyaz  City,  Goyaz;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18, 
p.  340,  1910  (range  in  Argentina);  idem,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  237,  1919 — Isla 
Martin  Garcia,  Buenos  Aires;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  96, 
1921 — Santa  Ana,  Urubamba,  Peru;  MARELLI,  Mem.  Min.  Obr.  Publ.  for 
1922-23,  p.  648,  1924 — Isla  Martin  Garcia. 

Sublegatus  brevirostris  brevirostris  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  200, 
1909 — San  Vicente  and  Ocampo,  Chaco  (spec,  examined). 

Sublegatus  modestus  modestus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  175,  1925 — Corrientes 
(crit.,  nomencl.,  meas.). 

Range:  Northern  Argentina,  from  provinces  of  Buenos  Aires  (Isla 
Martin  Garcia)  and  Mendoza  to  Corrientes,  Chaco,  and  Tucuman; 
Paraguay;  Brazil,  from  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Itapura8),  western  Minas 
Geraes,  and  Matto  Grosso  north  through  the  interior  campos  districts 
of  Goyaz  and  Bahia  to  Piauhy  and  Maranhao,  west  to  the  Rio 
Punis;  eastern  Bolivia  (Caiza,  Dept.  Tarija;  Buenavista,  Dept.  Santa 
Cruz;  Trinidad,  Rio  Mamore,  Dept.  Beni);  eastern  Peru  (Maranura 

•The  record  from  Iguap£  of  Sublegatus  platyrhynchus  by  Ihering  (Rev.  Mus. 
Paul.,  3,  p.  195,  1899)  must  refer  to  some  other  species.  S.  m.  modestus,  an  inhabi- 
tant of  semi-arid  country,  is  not  likely  to  occur  in  the  heavily  forested  littoral  of 
Sao  Paulo. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  447 

and  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley,  Dept.  Cuzco;  La  Merced,  Chan- 
chaniayo,  Dept.  Junin;  Chuchurras,  Dept.  Huanuco)". 

8:  Brazil  (Sao  Marcello,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia  i;  Tranqueira  i,  Alto 
Parnahyba,  Maranhao  2;  Piraputanga,  Matto  Grosso  2);  Bolivia 
(Buenavista  i,  Trinidad,  Mamore*  River  i). 

*Sublegatus  modestus  obscurior  Toddb.  TODD'S  FLYCATCHER. 

Sublegatus  glaber  obscurior  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  33,  p.   72,    1920 — 

Cayenne,  French  Guiana  (type  examined). 
Phyllomyias  semifuscus  (not  of  SCLATER)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  105,  1868 — 

Cajutuba,  near  Manaos  (spec,  examined). 
Sublegatus  platyrhynchus  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  SCLATER,  Cat.   B.  Brit. 

Mus.,  14,  p.  158,  1888 — part,  spec,  e,  f,  Mexiana,  lower  Amazon. 
Sublegatus  glaber  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  HAGMANN,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.), 

26,  p.  30,  1907 — Santa  Maria,  Mexiana  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov. 

Zool.,  15,  p.   134,  1908 — Isle  le  Pere  and  Cayenne,  French  Guiana  (spec. 

examined). 
Sublegatus  fasciatus   (not  Pipra  fasciata  THUNBERG)   SNETHLAGE,   Bol.   Mus. 

Goeldi,  8,  p.  411,  1914 — part,  Mexiana,  Monte  Alegre,  and  Erere",  Brazil; 

BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  77,  1918 — vicinity  of 

Paramaribo,  Surinam. 
Sublegatus  fasciatus  fasciatus  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 

Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  120,  1912 — Mexiana. 

Range:  French  and  Dutch  Guiana,  and  northeastern  Brazil,  south 
to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower  Amazon  (Mexiana,  Monte  Alegre, 
Obidos,  Manaos). 

•  Birds  from  Argentina,  Bolivia,  and  Peru  average  somewhat  larger,  but  the 
variation  is  insignificant.  Two  from  Mendoza  have  stouter,  blunter  bills  than  any 
other  specimen  examined. 

Material  examined. — Argentina:  Mendoza  2,  Corrientes  (type  of  M.  brevirostris) 
i,  San  Vicente,  Santa  Fe"  2.  Bolivia;  Rio  Surutu  2,  Buenavista  i,  Trinidad,  Rio 
Mamore'  i.  Brazil:  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  2,  Jatuba  i,  Cuyabd  2,  Piraputanga 
2;  Itapurd,  Sao  Paulo  i;  Goyaz  City  4,  Serrado,  Goyaz  i,  Fazenda  Esperanca, 
Goyaz  i;  Lagoa  Santa  i,  Paracatu,  Minas  Geraes  i;  Bahia  4;  Sao  Marcello,  Rio 
Preto,  Bahia  i;  Maranhao  3.  Peru:  Maranura  2,  Santa  Ana  i,  unspecified  (type 
of  E.  brevirostris)  i;  Chuchurras,  Huanuco  i. 

b  Sublegatus  modestus  obscurior  TODD:  Nearly  allied  to  S.  m.  glaber,  but  throat 
and  chest  deeper  (less  whitish)  gray;  abdomen  paler  yellow;  upper  parts  on  average 
darker,  dark  olive  gray  rather  than  grayish  olive.  Wing  (male)  68-74,  (female) 
67-68;  tail  62-68;  bill  9^-11. 

Specimens  from  French  Guiana  may  be  distinguished  from  glaber  by  their  deeper 
grayish  anterior  under  parts  and  paler  yellow  belly.  The  color  of  the  upper  surface, 
however,  is  somewhat  variable,  certain  examples  being  hardly  different  from  the 
Venezuelan  race.  Birds  from  the  north  bank  of  the  Amazon  (Mexiana,  Obidos) 
diverge  in  the  direction  of  S.  m.  modestus,  in  coloration  as  well  as  in  shape  of  bill 
which,  while  more  like  that  of  modestus  in  general  outline,  is  nevertheless  decidedly 
larger.  They  are  also  more  or  less  intermediate  in  proportion  of  tail,  and  their  allo- 
cation is  largely  a  matter  of  personal  opinion. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  2,  Isle  le  Pere  4,  Mana  2.  Brazil: 
Rio  Branco  2,  Cajtituba,  near  Manaos  i,  Islands  near  Obidos  5,  Mexiana  i. 


448  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
2:    Brazil  (Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  i). 

*Sublegatus  modestus  glaber  Sclater  and  Salvin.  SMOOTH  FLYCATCHER. 

Sublegatus  glaber  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168,  172,  pi.  13, 
fig.  2 — Caracas,  Venezuela;  WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333 — Santa  Marta;  SCLA- 
TER, Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  157,  1888 — Caracas,  Valencia,  "Bogota"; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  54,  1892 — Canipano,  Bermudez; 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  40,  p.  84,  1892 — Curacao;  HARTERT,  Ibis,  1893, 
p.  298,  318,  328 — Aruba,  Curacao,  and  Bonaire;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  39,  1894 — Monos  Isl.,  Trinidad;  ROBINSON,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  18,  p.  673,  1896 — Margarita  Isl.;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — 
Cumand;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta; 
ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  147,  1900 — Bonda;  HARTERT, 
Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  300,  1902 — Aruba,  Curacao,  Bonaire;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  421,  1907  (monog.,  synon.);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl. 
Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  i,  p.  363,  1908 — Pointe  Gourde,  Trinidad;  CORY,  Field  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  200,  1909 — Aruba;  p.  207 — -Curacao;  p.  212 — 
Aruba;  p.  216 — Los  Roques;  p.  246 — Margarita  Island;  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  231,  1916 — Orinoco  Valley,  from  Ciudad  Bolivar 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Apure,  and  Maripa,  Caura  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  460,  1917 — La  Playa  and  Algodonal, 
Magdalena  River,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
p.  367,  1922 — Bonda,  Don  Diego,  Mamatoco,  Punto  Caiman,  Dibulla,  and 
'  Rio  Hacha. 

Empidonax  atrirostris  LAWRENCE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1871,  p.  234 — 
Venezuela?  =  Carthagena,  Colombia;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1874,  p.  316  (crit.). 

Sublegatus  brevirostris  glaber  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  45,  1902 
— Altagratia,  Caicara,  and  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Rio  Orinoco,  Venezuela  (spec 
examined). 

Sublegatus  arenarum  (not  of  SALVIN)  CLARK,  Auk,  19,  p.  264,  1902 — Margarita 
Isl.;  LOWE,  Ibis,  1907,  p.  562 — Margarita  Isl.;  idem,  I.e.,  1909,  p.  322 — 
Cariaco. 

Range:  Northern  Venezuela,  south  to  the  Orinoco  and  Caura 
valleys;  Margarita  Island;  Monos  Island;  Trinidad;  Curasao,  Aruba, 
Bonaire,  and  Los  Roques  Island;  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta 
district,  south  to  the  lower  Magdalena) a. 

•  In  the  absence  of  material  I  am  unable  to  determine  whether  birds  from  Panama 
and  neighboring  islands  are  referable  to  5.  m.  glaber  or  S.  m.  arenarum,  and  accord- 
ingly the  following  references  could  not  be  allocated  in  synonymy: 

Sublegatus  arenarum  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  30,  1901 — San  Miguel  Island;  idem, 
I.e.,  p.  363,  1901 — David,  Chiriqui;  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.,  46,  p.  152,  1905 — San  Miguel  and  Saboga  Isl.;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  218,  1906 — 
Savanna  of  Panama. 

In  addition  to  those  listed  above,  the  following  specimens  have  been  examined. 
Trinidad:  Carenage  i.  Venezuela:  Cariaco  2;  Altagracia,  Rio  Orinoco  6;  San  Fer- 
nando, Rio  Apure  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  449 

45:  Venezuela  (Margarita  Island  9;  Maripa,  Caura  River  i; 
Macuto,  Caracas  6 ;  Encontrados,  Zulia  i ;  Rio  Aurare,  Zulia  3) ;  Los 
Roques  Island  6;  Curasao  2;  Aruba  4;  Bonaire  13. 

Sublegatus    modestus    arenarum    (Salvin)*.     PUNTA    ARENAS    FLY- 
CATCHER. 

Elainea  arenarum  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1863,  p.  190 — Punta  Arenas,  Costa 
Rica  (type  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  153,  1888 — Punta 
Arenas. 

Sublegatus  arenarum  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  37, 
pi.  36,  fig.  3,  1888 — part,  Punta  Arenas;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  420,  1907 — Punta  Arenas;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  720,  1910 — Punta  Arenas. 

Range:    Southwestern  Costa  Rica  (Punta  Arenas). 

Genus  PHAEOMYIAS  Berlepsch. 

Phaeomyias  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  41,  1902 — type  by  subs,  desig.  (CHUBB, 
1921)  Elainea  incomta  CABANIS  and  HEINE. 

*Phaeomyias  murina  murina  (Spix).   MOUSE-COLORED  TYRANNULET. 

Platyrhynchus  murinus  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  14,  pi.  16,  fig.  2,  1825 — Brazil 
(type  lost,  formerly  in  Munich  Museum);  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN, 
Orm's,  6,  p.  15,  1890  (crit.). 

Myiopatis  superciliaris  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  346,  pi.  8,  fig.  2 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (type  in  Copenhagen  Museum 
examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  2,  1905  (crit.). 

Phyllomyias  semifusca  (not  of  SCLATER  1861)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1867,  p.  577 — Mexiana  Island;  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 — Pard; 
FORBES,  I.e.,  1881,  p.  342 — Pernambuco. 

Myiopatis  incanescens  (not  Muscipeta  incanescens  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2, 
p.  106,  1868 — part,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo,  and  Goyaz  and  Serrado,  Goyaz 
(spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Myiopatis  semifusca  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  123,  1888 — part,  spec, 
j-t,  Mexiana,  Para,  Pernambuco,  Bahia,  Ypanema,  Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  334,  1892 — Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  SALVADORI, 
Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  12,  No.  292,  p.  15,  1897 — San  Francisco,  south- 
eastern Bolivia. 

Phaeomyias  murina  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  3,  1905 
(crit.,  range  excl.  Barra  do  Rio  Negro) ;  HELLMAYR,  Abhdl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 

•  Sublegatus  modestus  arenarum  (SALVIN)  :  Nearly  allied  to  S.  m.  glaber,  but  crown 
much  darker,  forming  a  distinct  dusky  cap;  pale  edges  to  wing-coverts  less  con- 
spicuous; throat  and  chest  deeper  gray,  abdomen  paler  yellow  (under  parts,  thus, 
more  like  S.  m.  obscurior).  Wing  (male)  71;  tail  68^;  bill  u. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:   Punta  Arenas  (the  type)  i. 


450  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  646,  1906  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  279, 
1907 — Rincao  (Sao  Paulo),  Bahia,  and  Santarem;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat., 
i,  p.  41,  1909 — Vipos,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  334,  1910 — Vipos;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak. 
Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  73,  1910 — Pao  d'Alho,  near  Recife  (Pernambuco),  Barra 
do  Rio  Grande,  Faz.  da  Porteiro,  and  Porto  Grande,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia), 
Parnagua,  Sao  Antonio  de  Gilboez,  Caissara,  Rio  Parnahyba,  and  littoral 
of  Piauhy;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  583 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc. 
d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — Caceres  and  Pocon6,  Matto  Grosso. 

Phaeomyias  murina  murina  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  n,  1907 — Urucurituba, 
Rio  Tapaj6z ;  idem,  I.e.,  15,  p.  43,  1908 — Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz ;  idem,  Abhandl. 
math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  89 — Para;  I.e.,  p.  107, 
119 — Mexiana  Isl. ;  I.e.,  p.  130 — Cachoueira,  Maraj6. 

Phaeomyias  incomta  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56, 
p.  502,  1908 — Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  526,  1908 — Alcobaca, 
Rio  Tocantins. 

Phaeomyias  murina  incomta  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  411,  1914 — part, 
Para,  Quati-puru,  Rio  Tocantins  (Alcobaca),  and  Rio  Tapajtfz  (Itaituba). 

Range:  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon,  from  Mexiana,  Maraj6, 
and  the  banks  of  the  Tapaj6z  down  to  Sao  Paulo,  Minas  Geraes,  and 
Matto  Grosso;  west  through  Paraguay  to  northern  Argentina  (Vipos, 
Tucuman)  and  southeastern  Bolivia  (San  Francisco,  Dept.  Tarija)8. 

13:  Brazil  Qua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceara  6;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  i;  Gra- 
jahu,  Maranhao  3 ;  Cod6,  Cocos,  Maranhao  i ;  Alto  Parnahyba,  Mar- 
anhao i;  Philadelphia,  Goyaz  i). 

*Phaeomyias    murina    incomta    (Cabanis    and    Heine).     NORTHERN 
MOUSE-COLORED  TYRANNULET. 

Elainea  incomta  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  59,  1859 — Carthagena, 
Colombia  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Phyllomyias  semifusca  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1861,"  p.  383,  pi.  36,  fig.  i, 
1862 — Santa  Marta  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  TAYLOR,  Ibis, 
1864,  p.  86 — Trinidad;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  168 — 
Caracas;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1879,  p.  201 — Atanques,  Santa  Marta 
region;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  293 — Bartica  Grove. 

•  Phaeomyias  m.  murina  and  its  northern  representative  are  so  closely  similar 
that  it  is  largely  a  matter  of  personal  opinion  where  to  draw  a  line  between  their 
ranges.  As  stated  elsewhere,  birds  from  the  islands  in  the  delta  of  the  Amazon 
(Maraj6,  Mexiana)  and  Para  appear  to  be  inseparable  from  those  found  in  the  in- 
terior of  Brazil.  A  single  adult  male  from  Vipos  (Tucuman)  agrees  better  with  this 
than  any  other  form,  though  its  bill  is  unusually  slender. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  i ;  Sao  Paulo,  Ypanema 
i,  Campinas  i,  Jundiahy  i;  Goyaz  (City)  2,  Rio  Araguaya,  Goyaz  3;  Bahia  8;  Jua, 
near  Iguatu,  Ceara  6;  Ibiapaba,  Piauhy  i ;  Maranhao  5 ;  Para  3 ;  Mexiana  3;  Maraj6  i. 
Argentina:  Vipos,  Tucuman  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  451 

Myiopatis  semifusca  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  123,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a-i,  Santa  Marta,  Atanques,  Bogota,  Caracas,  Bartica  Grove,  Oyapock, 
Surinam;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Ainer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  6,  p.  38,  1894 — Monos 
Island;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta  and 
La  Guaira  (crit.);  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  149,  1900 — 
Bonda  and  Cacagualito;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p. 
117,  1904 — Mahury,  French  Guiana. 

Myiopatis  incanescens  (not  Muscipeta  incanescens  WIED)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras., 
2,  p.  106,  1868 — part,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined). 

Phyllomyias  virescens  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  105,  1868 — 
part,  Forte  do  Rio  Branco  (spec,  examined  ;=juv.). 

Pogonotriccus  sp.  ROBINSON,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  18,  p.  684,  1895 — La  Guaira; 
idem,  I.e.,  24,  p.  173,  1901 — La  Guaira. 

Phaeomyias  incomta  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  41,  1902 — Ciudad 
Bolivar,  Altagracia,  and  Caicara,  Rio  Orinoco. 

Phaeomyias  murina  incomta  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  3, 
1905  (range);  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  135,  318,  1908 — Cayenne,  Roche- 
Marie,  He  le  Pere,  Mahury,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi, 
8,  p.  411,  1914 — part,  Monte  Alegre  (spec,  examined);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  226,  1916 — Orinoco  Valley;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  451,  1917 — Cisneros,  Cali,  Calamar,  Chicoral, 
Honda,  Fusugasuga,  Villavicencio,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull. 
Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  76,  1918 — vicinity  of  Paramaribo;  TODD  and  CAR- 
RIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  369,  1922 — Bonda,  Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera, 
Minca,  Rio  Hacha,  Arroya  de  Arenas,  and  Valencia,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Phaeomyias  incompta  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  177,  1921 — Upper  Takutu 
Mountains,  Bonasika  River,  Abary  River,  Bartica. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia;  Venezuela;  Monos  and  Trini- 
dad Islands;  British,  Dutch,  and  French  Guiana;  northern  Brazil, 
from  the  confines  of  Guiana  south  to  the  north  bank  of  the  lower 
Amazon  (Manaos,  Monte  Alegre)a. 

37 :  Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San  Jos6  de  Cucuta, 
Santander  i;  Villavicencio  i);  Venezuela  (Colon,  Tachira  7;  Lake 
Valencia,  Carabobo  i ;  Puerto  Cabello  i ;  Caracas  i ;  Macuto,  Caracas  4; 
Maracay,  Aragua  12);  British  Guiana  (Georgetown  i);  Brazil  (Manaos 
i ;  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  4,  Serra  da  Lua,  near  Boavista  3). 

^Phaeomyias  murina  wagae  (Taczanowski)b.  WAGA'S  TYRANNULET. 

a  Specimens  from  French  Guiana  and  Brazil  average  smaller  than  a  series  from 
the  north  coast  of  Venezuela  and  Colombia,  while  those  from  the  north  bank  of  the 
Amazon  (Mana6s,  Monte  Alegre),  in  coloration  of  upper  parts,  closely  approach  the 
typical  race. 

Forty-nine  specimens  examined. 

b  Phaeomyias  murina  wagae  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Nearest  to  P.  m.  incomta,  but  with 
larger  bill;  upper  parts  darker  and  more  olivaceous,  less  rufescent;  yellow  color  below 


452  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Myiopatis  wagae  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  253,  1884 — Chirimoto,  Peru 
(one  of  the  typical  examples  in  Coll.  Berlepsch  examined). 

Phyllomyias  sp.,  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  19 — Chirimoto. 

Phyllomyias  semifusca  wagae  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896, 
p.  363 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  eastern  Peru,  from  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Central  Cordillera  in  Dept.  San  Martin  (Chirimoto,  Valley  of  Huaya- 
bamba;  Moyobamba)  south  to  the  Chanchamayo  district,  Dept. 
Junin;  and  western  Bolivia  (Chaco  and  Chulumani,  Yungas  of  La  Paz). 

9:  Peru  (Moyobamba  5;  San  Ramon,  Chanchamayo  4,  Rio  Colo- 
rado, Chanchamayo  i). 

Phaeomyias  murina  tumbezana  (Taczanowskiy.    TUMBEZ  TYRANNU- 
LET. 

Phyllomyias  tumbezana  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1877,  p.  325 — Tumbez, 
northwestern  Peru  (one  of  the  typical  examples  in  Vienna  Museum  examined) ; 
idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  234 — part,  Guajango,  Rio  Marafion  (spec,  examined). 

Myiopatis  tumbezana  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  554 
— Guayaquil,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  252, 
1884 — part,  Tumbez  and  Guajango;  SCLATER,  Cat  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  124, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a,  c,  d,  Tumbez,  Guajango. 

Phaeomyias  murina  tumbezana  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — Perico 
and  Bellavista,  Dept.  Cajamarca. 

Range:  Arid  littoral  of  southwestern  Ecuador  (Guayaquil  district) 
and  adjacent  section  of  northern  Peru  (Tumbez  region,  east  to  the  valley 
of  the  upper  Marafion). 

*Phaeomyias  murina  inflava  Chapman*.   CHAPMAN'S  TYRANNULET. 

more  extensive,  encroaching  on  the  foreneck  and  leaving  only  the  upper  throat 
whitish.   Wing  (male)  60-63,  (female)  54-57;  tail  57-60,  (female)  50-53;  bill  9-10. 

Material  examined. — Peru,  Dept.  San  Martin:  Chirimoto  i,  Moyobamba  5. 
Dept.  Junin:  San  Ramon  4,  La  Merced  i,  Rio  Colorado  i.  Bolivia:  Chaco  i, 
Chulumani  i. 

•  Phaeomyias  murina  tumbezana  (TACZANOWSKI)  :  Nearest  to  P.  m.  wagae,  of 
eastern  Peru,  but  upper  parts  much  duller,  between  drab  and  hair  brown;  wing-bands 
much  wider  and  decidedly  cinnamon;  foreneck,  breast,  and  sides  dingy  grayish,  only 
the  middle  of  the  abdomen  very  pale  yellowish.  Wing  61-64,  (female)  56-59;  taU 
57-58,  (female)  55;  bill  10. 

Birds  from  the  Marafion  (Guajango)  average  slightly  larger. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Guayaquil  i.   Peru:  Tumbez  2,  Guajango  4. 

b  Phaeomyias  murina  inflava  CHAPMAN:  Similar  to  P.  m.  tumbezana,  but  slightly 
larger,  and  middle  of  the  abdomen  dingy  white,  without  any  yellow.  Wing  (male) 
62-66,  (female)  59;  tail  57-61,  (female)  55. 

Material  examined. — Peru,  Dept.  Libertad:  Pacasmayo  3,  San  Pedro  i,  Meno- 
cucho  i ,  Trujillo  6. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  453 

Phaeomyias  inflava  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  10,  1924 — Viru,  Dept. 
Trujillo,  Peru. 

Phyllomyias  tumbezana  (not  of  TACZANOWSKI  1877)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  234 — part,  Pacasmayo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — 
Chepen. 

Myiopatis  tumbezana  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  252,  1884 — part,  Pacas- 
mayo, Chepen,  and  Guadalupe;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  124, 
1888 — part,  spec,  b,  e,  Pacasmayo,  San  Pedro. 

Range :  Arid  littoral  of  western  Peru,  in  Dept.  Libertad  (Guadalupe, 
Pacasmayo,  Chepen,  San  Pedro,  Trujillo,  Viru). 

2:     Peru  (Menocucho  i,  Trujillo  i). 

*Phaeomyias  tenuirostris  (Cory)*.   SLENDER-BILLED  TYRANNULET. 

Camptostoma  pusittum  tenuirostris  CORY,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i, 
p.  289,  1913 — Rio  Aurare,  east  of  Maracaibo,  Zulia,  Venezuela. 

Ornithion  pusittum  (not  Myiopatis  pusilla  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,  1900 — part,  one  spec,  ex  "Bonda"  = 
Cienaga,  Colombia. 

Phaeomyias  tenuirostris  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  370, 
1922 — Gaira,  Dibulla,  and  Rio  Hacha,  Santa  Marta  region  (crit.). 

Range:  Coast  region  of  northern  Colombia  (from  Cienaga  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Magdalena  east  to  Goajira)  and  northwestern  Venezuela 
(shores  of  Lake  Maracaibo,  northern  Zulia). 

3:    Venezuela  (Maracaibo  i,  Rio  Aurare  2). 

Genus  CAMPTOSTOMA  Sclater. 

Camptostoma  SCLATER  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  25,  p.  203,  Nov.  1857 — type  by  monotypy 
Camptostoma  imberbe  SCLATER. 

Myiopatis  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  58,  1859 — no  type  specified1*. 

»  Phaeomyias  tenuirostris  (CORY)  :  Superficially  resembling  Camptostoma  obsole- 
tum  pusillum,  but  considerably  smaller;  back  and  rump  much  more  brownish,  bright 
saccardo's  olive  rather  than  light  greenish  olive;  breast  and  abdomen  brighter  yellow, 
strongly  contrasting  with  white  of  throat;  no  grayish  olive  tinge  on  chest;  bill  very 
differently  shaped,  being  narrower,  much  more  depressed,  and  much  less  convex 
along  culminal  ridge.  Wing  (male)  45,  (female)  44;  tail  36-38;  bill  8-8#. 

While  undoubtedly  quite  distinct  from  C.  pusillum,  of  which  the  describer 
regarded  it  as  a  subspecies,  this  bird  may  even  deserve  generic  separation  from 
Phaeomyias  on  account  of  its  smaller  (though  similarly  shaped)  bill  and  propor- 
tionately much  shorter  tail. 

b  The  genus  included  (i)  Myiopatis  "incanescens"  which,  on  examination  of  the 
original  example  in  the  Heine  Collection,  turns  put  to  be  Camptostoma  cinerascens; 
(2)  Myiopatis  obsoleta  (TEMMINCK);  (3)  Myiopatis  pusilla  CABANIS  and  HEINE. 

The  diagnosis,  too,  applies  to  the  members  of  the  genus  Camptostoma  of  which 
Myiopatis  thus  becomes  a  synonym. 


454  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Renggerornis  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  130,  Jan.  1901 — type  Renggerornis 
leucophthalmus  BERTONI  =  Muscicapa  obsolete  TEMMINCK. 

*Camptostoma  obsoletum  obsoletum  (Temminck)*.    TEMMINCK'S  TY- 

RANNULET. 

Muscicapa  obsoleta  (NATTERER  MS.)  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  46, 
pi.  275,  fig.  i,  1824 — type  from  Curytiba,  Parand,  Brazilb. 

Renggerornis  leucophthalmus  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  130,  1901 — Puerto 
Bertoni,  Paraguay. 

Myiopatis  obsoleta  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  106,  1868 — part,  Ypanema  and 
Curytiba  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  345 — part,  Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Campinas,  Sao  Paulo. 

Ornithion  obsoletum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  578 — Sao  Paulo  and  Parana; 
BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  131,  1885 — Taquara,  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul  (crit.);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  127,  1888 — Ypane- 
ma; STEMPELMANN  and  SCHULZ,  Bol.  Ac.  Nac.  Ci.  Cordoba,  10,  p.  402,  1890 — 
Cordoba;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  16,  p.  126,  1899 — 
Mundo  Novo;  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8,  p.  185,  1902 — Tucuman; 
idem,  Rev.  letr.  y  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — Tucuman;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun. 
Braz.,  i,  p.  280,  1907 — part,  Ypiranga,  Alto  da  Serra,  Itarar6,  and  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  584 — Ybitimi  and  Sapucay,  Paraguay; 
BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Alto  Parana. 

Ornithion  cinerascens  (not  of  WIED)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2, 
p.  148,  1889 — part  (syn.  M.  obsoleta);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  280, 
1907 — part,  Iguape',  Itatiba,  Itarare',  Jundiahy,  Sao  Paulo;  GRANT,  Ibis,  1911, 
p.  119 — Curuzii  Chica,  Paraguay;  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — 
Alto  Parana. 

Ornithion  imberbe  (not  of  SCLATER)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  192,  1899 — 
Iguap6  (spec,  examined). 

Ornithion  obsoletum  obsoletum  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  44,  1908 — range  part, 
excl.  Minas  Geraes;  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  337,  1910 — 
Cordoba,  Tucuman,  Ocampo,  Alto  Parana;  MENEGAUX,  Rev.  Franc,  d'Orn., 
10,  p.  333,  1918 — Villa  Lutetia,  near  San  Ignatio,  Misiones. 

Ornithion  obsoleta  obsoleta  HARTERT  and  VENTURI,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  198,  1909 — 
Arcual  (Salta),  Tapia  (Tucuman),  San  Vicente  and  Ocampo,  Chaco  (Santa 
F6)  (nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Camptostoma  obsoletum  obsoletum  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  23,  p.  341, 
1912 — Gran  Potrero,  Paraguay;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  133,  p.  326, 
1926 — Resistencia  (Chaco),  200  kilom.  west  of  Puerto  Pinasco  and  Cerro 
Lorito,  Paraguay,  and  Tapia,  Tucuman. 

•  An  earlier  name  is  perhaps  Sylvia  cyanicottis  VIEILLOT  (Nouv.  Diet.  Hist.  Nat., 
nouv.  eel.,  n,  p.  177,  1817 — based  on  Azara,  No.  162,  Paraguay),  but  the  description 
is  not  precise  enough  for  certain  identification. 

b  See  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  43,  1908,  sub  No.  67. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS  —  CORY-HE  LLMAYR.  455 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro 
and  Sao  Paulo  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Paraguay;  northern  Argentina 
(in  prov.  Misiones,  Santa  Fe*,  Chaco,  Cordoba,  Tucumdn,  and  Salta)". 

5:  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  i);  Argentina  (Ocampo,  Prov.  Santa 
Fe"  i;  Puerto  Segundo,  Misiones  2,  Eldorado,  Misiones  i). 

*Camptostoma  obsoletum  cinerascens  (Wied)b.   WIED'S  TYRANNULET. 

Hylophilus  cinerascens  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  723,  1831  —  Barra  do 
Jucu,  Rio  Espirito  Santo,  Espirito  Santo. 

Mttscicapa  obsolete  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  53,  1837  —  part,  Chiquitos  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

Muscicapara  obsoleta  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  328,  1839  —  part, 
Chiquitos. 

Elaenea  murina  (not  Platyrhynchus  murinus  SPIX)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  Ubers.  Th. 
Bras.,  2,  p.  481,  1856  —  Congonhas,  Minas  Geraes  (spec,  examined). 

Myiopatis  obsoleta  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  106,  1868  — 
part,  Goyaz  (spec,  examined);  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren., 
1870,  p.  345  —  part,  Lagoa  Santa,  Paracatu,  and  Andrequece",  Minas  Geraes. 

Ornithion  incanescens  (not  Muscipeta  incanescens  WIED)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
,  p-  577  —  part,  Goyaz  and  Bahia. 


Ornithion  cinerascens  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  148,  231,  1889 
(crit.  note  on  type)  ;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  334,  1892  —  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso;  IHER- 
ING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  280,  1907  —  part,  Salto  Grande  do  Paranapanema, 
Bahia,  and  Espirito  Santo;  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss. 
Wien,  76,  p.  73,  1910  —  Faz.  Sao  Antonio,  Rio  Preto  (Bahia);  Olho  d'Agoa, 
Apertada  Hora  and  coast  district  (Piauhy). 

a  Two  specimens  from  Ocampo  and  three  from  Misiones  —  the  only  ones  from 
Argentina  I  have  been  able  to  examine  —  apparently  do  not  differ  from  others  taken 
in  southern  Brazil. 

Material  examined.  —  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Therezopolis  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  3, 
Victoria  2,  Iguape"  i,  Iporanga  i,  ItararS  2,  Ypiranga  2.  Parana:  Curytiba  i, 
Roca  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar  i.  Santa  Catharina:  Laguna  i.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul: 
Taquara3.  Paraguay:  Sapucay2.  Argentina:  Ocampo,  Santa  F6  2  ;  Puerto  Segundo 
and  Eldorado,  Misiones  3. 

b  Camptostoma  obsoletum  cinerascens  (WIED)  :  Very  similar  to  C.  o.  obsoletum,  but 
decidedly  smaller  and  paler,  especially  above.  Wing  48-55;  tail  38-48. 

The  range  of  this  form  is  hard  to  define.  While  birds  from  Espirito  Santo  to 
Maranhao  are  fairly  separable  by  smaller  size,  shorter  bill,  and  paler  coloring,  those 
from  Minas,  Goyaz,  and  northern  Sao  Paulo  are  so  variously  intermediate,  that  they 
might,  with  equal  justification,  be  referred  to  either  obsoletum  or  cinerascens.  It 
is  mainly  on  geographical  grounds  that  I  include  them  under  the  heading  of  ciner- 
ascens. 

Material  examined.  —  Espirito  Santo  (topotypical)  2.  Bahia  14.  Piauhy:  Aper- 
tada Hora  i,  Arara  i.  Maranhao:  Grajahu  i.  Goyaz:  Rio  Thesouras  i,  Goyaz 
City  2,  Porto  Imperial  i.  Minas  Geraes:  Congonhas  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Bebedouro  2. 
Bolivia:  Chiquitos  i. 


456  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Ornithion  imberbe  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  126, 
1888 — part,  spec,  o-t,  Bahia,  Lagoa  Santa,  Brazil. 

Ornithion  obsoletum  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  280,  1907 — part,  Avanhan- 
dava,  Bebedouro,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined). 

Ornithion  obsoletum  cinerascens  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  43,  44,  1908 — Rio 
Thesouras,  Goyaz  (range,  crit.);  idem,  I.e.,  32,  p.  186,  1925 — part,  spec,  a, 
Chiquitos;  MENEGAUX  Rev.  Franc.  d'Orn.,  9,  p.  57,  1917 — Caceres  and  Po- 
con6,  Matto  Grosso. 

Range:  Eastern  and  central  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo  north  to 
Piauhy  and  Maranhao,  west  through  Minas  Geraes  and  Goyaz  to 
Matto  Grosso,  south  to  northern  Sao  Paulo  (Bebedouro,  Avanhandava) ; 
and  eastern  Bolivia  (plains  of  Chiquitos).. 

4:  Brazil  Qua,  near  Iguatu,  Ceara  i;  Arara,  Piauhy  i;  Grajahu, 
Maranhao  i;  Alto  Parnahyba,  Maranhao  i). 

*Camptostoma  obsoletum  subsp.B. 

Muscicapa  obsolete,  (not  of  TEMMINCK)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i, 
in  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  53,  1837 — part,  Cochabamba  (spec,  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

Muscicapara  obsolete,  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Am6r.  meYid.,  Ois.,  p.  328,  1839 — part, 
Cochabamba. 

Camptosloma  obsoletum  cinerascens  (not  of  WIED)  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32, 
p.  1 86,  1925 — part,  spec,  b,  Cochabamba. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  Bolivia,  in  depts.  Cochabamba,  Santa 
Cruz  (Buenavista,  Samaipata),  and  La  Paz  (Songo). 

i:    Bolivia  (Buenavista  i). 

*Camptostoma    obsoletum    sclateri    (Berlepsch    and    Taczanowski)b. 
SCLATER'S  TYRANNULET. 

Eupsilostoma  pusillum  (not  Myiopatis  pusilla  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  68,  1860 — Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  283,  1860 — Baba- 

•  Birds  from  the  interior  of  Bolivia  probably  constitute  a  separable  race.  While 
nearly  allied  to  C.  o.  obsoletum,  they  appear  to  be  larger,  the  bill  particularly  so,  and 
differ,  besides,  by  being  more  decidedly  greenish  on  the  back  and  more  suffused 
with  grayish  on  the  anterior  lower  parts.  More  material  is  needed  to  confirm  the 
constancy  of  these  characters. 

Material  examined. — Cochabamba  i,  Buenavista  i,  Samaipata  i,  Songo  i. 

b  Camptostoma  obsoletum  sclateri  (BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI)  :  Similar  to 
C.  o.  cinerascens,  but  with  slenderer,  longer  bill;  rump  and  tail-coverts  buffy,  paler 
than  the  back;  rectrices  tipped  with  buffy  or  whity  brown.  Peruvian  birds  average 
more  grayish  above. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Lita,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  2;  Pallatanga  i,  Yagua- 
chi  i,  Balzar  i,  Chimbo  3.  Peru:  Tumbez  i,  Callacate  i,  Vina,  Marafion  13,  Cha- 
chapoyas  i,  Tembladera  4,  Trujillo  i,  Menocucho  i,  Hacienda  Limon,  east  of  Balsas 
4,  Lima  2,  Santa  Eulalia  i,  Chosica  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  457 

hoyo;  TACZANOWSKI,  l.c.,  1874,  P-  536 — Lima;  idem,  I.e.,  1877,  p.  325 — 
Tumbez,  Peru;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  236,  1870 — 
Puna  Island. 

Ornithion  ptisillum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  577 — part,  western  Ecuador; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  234 — Pacasmayo. 

Ornithion  imberbe  (not  of  SCLATER  1857)  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879, 
p.  234 — Guajango;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  202 — Callacate;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  19 
— Chirimoto;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  126,  1888 — part,  spec,  k-n, 
Pallatanga,  Santa  Rita,  Lima,  Guajango. 

Ornithion  sclateri  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883,  p.  554  (new 
name  for  Eupsilostoma  pusillum  SCLATER,  preoccupied) — Guayaquil,  Yagu- 
achi  and  Chimbo,  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  296 — Cayandeled;  idem,  I.e., 
1885,  p.  90 — Yaguachi;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  254,  1884 — Peruvian 
localities;  SALVIN,  Nov.  Zool.,  2,  p.  12,  1895 — Chusgon  (Huamachuco), 
Malca  (Cajabamba),  Vina  (Huamachuco);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  7,  1899 — Guayaquil,  Vinces  and  Balzar. 

Ornithion  imberbe  sclateri  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1892,  p.  380 
Lima;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487,  1898— Chimbo  and  Paramba,  Ecuador. 

Camptostoma  sclateri  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — Huancabamba, 
Peru. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (north  to  Prov.  Esmeraldas)  and  Peru 
(along  the  coast  south  to  Lima;  in  the  north  spreading  east  to  the 
Maranon  and  even  to  the  Huayabamba  Valley). 

ii :  Ecuador  (Lita,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i ;  Chimbo  i);  Peru  (Tumbez 
i ;  Chachapoyas  i ;  Menocucho  i ;  Hacienda  Limon,  ten  miles  east  of 
Balsas  4;  Santa  Eulalia  i;  Chosica  i). 

Camptostoma  obsoletum  olivaceum  (Berlepsch}*.   OLIVACEOUS  TYRAN- 
NULET. 

Ornithion  pusillum  olivaceum  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  301,  1889 — Iquitos 
(type)  and  Tarapoto,  Rio  Huallaga,  Peru  (type  in  Berlepsch  Collection  ex- 
amined). 

Ornithion  pusillum  juruanum  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  6,  p.  434,  1905 — Rio 
Jurua  (type  examined). 

Camptostoma  flaviv entre  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1864)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1866,  p.  188 — upper  Ucayali. 

Ornithion  ptisillum  (not  Myiopatis  pusilla  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER  and 
SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  278 — upper  Ucayali;  SCLATER,  I.e.,  p.  577 — • 

•  Camptostoma  obsoletum  olivaceum  (BERLEPSCH):  Most  nearly  allied  to  C.  o. 
napaeum,  of  Lower  Amazonia  etc.,  but  upper  parts  brighter  greenish;  crown  hardly 
darker  than  back;  yellow  of  lower  surface  brighter  and  extending  up  to  the  throat, 
only  the  chin  being  whitish.  Wing  (male)  50,  (female)  47 ;  tail  44,  (female)  38. 

The  type  of  0.  p.  juruanum  is  even  lighter  green  above  than  the  type  from  Iquitos, 
but  otherwise  the  two  specimens  are  alike  except  for  the  sexual  difference  in  size. 
An  old  faded  skin  from  the  Ucayali  in  the  British  Museum  appears  to  be  similar. 


458  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

part,  eastern  Peru ;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  255, 1884 — Iquitos;  SCLATER 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  126,  1888 — part,  spec,  f,  upper  Ucayali;  (?)  d,  e, 
Zamora,  Rio  Napo. 

Ornithion  pusillum  napaeum  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  280,  1907 — Rio  Jurud. 

Range:  Upper  Amazonia,  from  western  Brazil  (Rio  Jurua)  to 
northeastern  Peru  (Iquitos;  Tarapoto,  Rio  Huallaga;  upper  Ucayali); 
(?)  eastern  Ecuador  (Rio  Napo,  Zamora). 

*Camptostoma  obsoletum  napaeum  (Ridguuay}*.    RIDGWAY'S  TYRAN- 

NULET. 

Ornithion  napaeum  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  520,  1888 — Diaman- 
tina,  near  Santarem,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  RIKER,  Auk,  7,  p.  270, 1890 — Diamantina. 

Camptostoma  flaviventre  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1864)  SCLATER  and  SAL  VIM, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1867,  p.  577 — Mexiana  (spec,  examined). 

Camptostoma  imberbe  (not  of  SCLATER)  TAYLOR,  Ibis,  1864,  p.  86 — Trinidad. 

Myiopatis  pusilla  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad,  p.  234, 
1866— Trinidad. 

Ornithion  pusillum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  577 — part,  Trinidad  and 
Guiana;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  126,  1888 — part,  spec,  g-t,  Bogota^  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  Bartica 
Grove,  Surinam,  Oyapock,  Mexiana,  Pard;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  2,  p.  54,  1892 — Carupano,  Bermudez;  CHAPMAN,  I.e.,  6,  p.  38,  1894 — • 
Princestown,  Trinidad;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Cumanacoa  and  San 
Antonio,  Bermudez;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  42,  1902 — 
Suapure  and  La  Pricion  (Caura),  Ciudad  Bolivar,  Altagracia,  and  Caicara 
(Orinoco);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  13,  p.  23,  1906 — Caparo  and  Seelet,  Trinidad; 
CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  189,  1906 — Aripo,  Trinidad; 
BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  136,  1908 — Cayenne  and  Roche-Marie,  French 
Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  502,  1908 — Ilha  de  Coata  and 
Itaituba,  Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  526,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins; 
idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  413,  1914 — Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Rio  Tocan- 
tins (Arumatheua),  Rio  Xingu  (Victoria,  Fort  Amb£),  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Boim, 
Itaituba,  Coata),  Monte  Alegre,  Serra  de  Erere,  Rio  Maecuni,  Maraj6 
(Sao  Natal,  Tuyuyu),  Obidos,  Rio  Jamundd  (Faro);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit. 
Guiana,  2,  p.  180,  1921 — Bartica  Grove  and  Arawai  River. 

Ornithion  cinerascens  (not  of  WIED)  LAYARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 — Nazare",  Para 
(spec,  examined). 

Ornithion  pusillum  pusillum  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  361,  1906 — Sao  An- 
tonio do  Prata,  Para^ 

Ornithion  pusillum  napaeum  HELLMAYR  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak. 
Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  120,  1912 — Nazare"  and  Sao  Antonio,  Pard,  and 

•  While  generally  distinguishable  by  yellowish  belly  and  whitish  (instead  of 
cinnamomeous)  wing  bands,  there  is  much  individual  variation  in  this  form,  and 
certain  specimens  come  very  close  to  C.  o.  cinerascens. 


1927.  BIRDS  OP  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  459 

Mexiana;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  227,  1916 — Orinoco 
region. 

Camptostoma  pusillum  napaewn  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  413,  1907 — Venezuela  and  Trinidad  to  lower  Amazon  Valley;  CHAPMAN, 
Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  452,  1917 — Villavicencio,  Colombia; 
BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  76,  1918 — vicinity  of 
Paramaribo,  Surinam. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (except 
northwestern  section);  Island  of  Trinidad;  eastern  Colombia  (Villa- 
vicencio, at  base  of  Eastern  Andes);  northern  Brazil,  on  the  lower 
Amazon,  from  Pard  west  to  the  Tapaj6z  and  Mandosa. 

4:  Brazil  (Manaos  2);  Venezuela  (Caracas  i);  Colombia  ("Bo- 
gota" i). 

*Camptostoma  obsoletum  pusillum   (Cabanis  and    Heine)b.    LITTLE 

TYRANNULET. 
Myiopatis  pusillum  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  58,  1859 — Carthagena 

(type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Ornithion  pusillum  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  577 — part,  Carthagena; 
BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — Santa  Marta;  ALLEN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,  1900 — Bonda,  part. 

Ornithion  imberbe  (not  of  SCLATER)  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  301,  1884 — 
Bucaramanga. 

Ornithion  inerme  (not  of  HARTLAUB)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  131 
p.  149,  1900 — Bonda. 

Camptostoma  pusillum  pusillum  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  413,  1907 — Caribbean  slope  of  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  452,  igr? — Rio  Atrato,  Banco,  Carpintero,  Algodonal,  and 
Chicoral,  Colombia;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  368, 
1922 — Bonda,  La  Tigrera,  Fundacion,  Dibulla,  Tucurinca,  and  Rio  Hacha. 

Range:    Caribbean  coast  of  Colombia,  from  the  Atrato  to  Rio 

Hacha,   La  Goajira,  south  into  the  Magdalena  Valley   (vicinity  of 

Honda);  and  northwestern  Venezuela,   State  of  Zulia   (Rio  Aurare, 
east  of  Maracaibo). 

i :    Venezuela  (Rio  Aurare  i). 

•  Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Caparo  12.  Venezuela:  Altagracia  3,  Caicara 
2,  Caracas  i,  Bermudez  4.  French  Guiana  5.  Colombia:  "Bogotd"  10.  Brazil: 
Sao  Antonio,  Pard  3,  Mexiana  2,  Para  i,  Rio  Maecuru  i,  Monte  Alegre  3,  Manaos  2, 
Arumatheua  i,  Itaituba  i. 

b  Camptostoma  obsoletum  pusillum  (CABANIS  and  HEINE)  :  Similar  to  C.  p.  na- 
paeum,  but  above  lighter  greenish  olive  with  the  pileum  olive  or  olive  brown,  instead 
of  sooty  brown  and  forming  a  distinct  cap. 

The  specimen  from  Rio  Aurare  is  slightly  intermediate,  but  nearer  pusillum. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Aracataca  2,  Mamatoco  2,  Carthagena  i, 
Bucaramanga  i.  Venezuela:  Rio  Aurare  i. 


460  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAE  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Camptostoma  obsoletmn  caucae  Chapman*.   CAUCA  TYRANNULET. 

Camptostoma  aucae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  178,  1914 — 
Rio  Frio  (type)  and  Miraflores,  Cauca  Valley,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  452, 
1917 — same  localities. 

Range:  Western  Colombia,  in  the  Cauca  Valley,  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Central  Andes. 

*Camptostoma  obsoletum  flaviventre  Sclater  and  Salvin*.     PANAMA 
TYRANNULET. 

Camptostoma  fiaviventre  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  358 — 
Panama. 

Ornithion  pusillum  subflavum  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  15,  p.  28,  1892 — 
Pozo  Azul  de  Pirns,  southwestern  Costa  Rica. 

Ornithion  pusittum  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  126,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-c,  Bogaba,  Chiriqui,  Panama;  idem,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1873,  p.  577 — part,  Chiriqui  and  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  30, 1888 — part,  Bogaba  and  Lion  Hill,  Panama. 

Camptostoma  pusillum  flaviventre  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  417,  1907 — Panama  to  Pacific  Coast  of  Costa  Rica  (monog.);  BANGS,  Auk, 
24,  p.  301,  1907 — El  Pozo  and  Paso  Real  de  Terraba,  Costa  Rica;  idem,  Proc. 
Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  33,  1909 — Bolson,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  721,  1910 — Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris,  Costa  Rica;  STONE, 
Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  265 — Gatun,  Panama;  HALLINAN,  Auk, 
41,  p.  316,  1924 — Sosa  Hill,  Panama. 

Range:  Panama  (including  the  Pearl  Islands)  and  Pacific  coast  of 
Costa  Rica  as  far  north  as  southern  Guanaeaste  (Bolson). 

3:    Panama  (Colon  i);  Costa  Rica  (Palmar  i,  Buenos  Aires  i). 

*Camptostoma  imberbe  Sclater0.   BEARDLESS  TYRANNULET. 

Camptostoma  imberbe  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  203,  Nov.  1857 — San  Andres 
Tuxtla,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico  (type  examined);  idem,  Ibis,  1859,  p.  444,  pi.  14, 
fig.  i — same  locality;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  414, 
1907 — from  southwestern  border  of  United  States  to  western  Nicaragua 

•  Camptostoma  obsoletum  caucae  CHAPMAN:  Closely  allied  to  C.  p.  pusillum,  but 
somewhat  darker,  more  grayish  olive  above,  with  a  well-defined  sooty  cap;  throat 
and  chest  grayish,  strongly  contrasting  with  the  sulphur  yellow  belly. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:   Rio  Frio  i. 

b  Camptostoma  obsoletum  flaviventre  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  differs  from  its  South 
American  allies  by  slightly  larger  size  and  much  clearer  yellow  under  parts,  without 
any  olive  or  grayish  shading  on  throat  or  chest. 

Costa  Rican  birds  (subflavum)  appear  to  be  identical  with  those  from  Panama. 

0 1  would  not  hesitate  to  regard  the  Beardless  Tyrannulet  as  conspecific  with 
C.  obsoletum  had  not  Underwood  found  it  at  Bolson,  Costa  Rica,  along  with  C.  o. 
flaviventre. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  461 

(monog.);  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  22,  p.  33,  1909 — Tenorio,  Coralillo, 
and  Bolson,  Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  720,  1910 — 
Bebedero,  Costa  Rica;  PHILLIPS,  Auk,  28,  p.  78,  1911 — Guiaves  and  Alta- 
mira,  Tamaulipas;  SWARTH,  Pacif.  Coast  Avif.,  10,  p.  44,  1914 — Santa  Cruz 
Valley,  Tucson,  Arizona;  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  12,  No.  8,  p.  28,  1919 — 
Granada,  Nicaragua;  GRISCOM,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  236,  p.  10,  1926 — Coz- 
umel,  Island  (crit.). 

Ornilhion  incanescens  (not  of  WIED)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1873,  P-  577 — Part» 
Mexico,  Guatemala,  and  Nicaragua. 

Ornithion  imberbe  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  126,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-j, 
San  Andres  Tuxtla,  Presidio,  Cozumel  Isl.,  Escuintla,  Realejo;  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  29,  1888 — part,  Texas  to  Nicaragua. 

Ornithion  imberbe  ridgwayi  BREWSTER,  Bull.  Nutt.  Orn.  Cl.,  7,  p.  208,  1882 — 
Tucson,  Arizona. 

Range:  Southwestern  border  of  United  States  (in  southern  Texas 
and  southern  Arizona) ,' southward  through  Mexico,  Guatemala,  and 
western  Nicaragua  to  northwestern  Costa  Rica  (from  the  Gulf  of 
Nicoya  northwards). 

4:    Arizona  (Tucson  i);  Mexico  (Colima  2;  San  Felipe,  Yucatan  i). 


Genus  XANTHOMYIAS  Berlepsch". 

Xanthomyias  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  490,  1907 — type  by  orig.  desig.  Muscicapa 
virescens  TEMMINCK. 

*Xanthomyias  virescens  virescens  (Temminck}b.     GREENISH  TYRAN- 
NULET. 

Muscicapa  virescens  (NATTERER  MS.)  TEMMINCK,  Nouv.  Rec.  PI.  col.,  livr.  46, 
pi.  275,  fig.  3,  May  1824 — Brazil,  coll.  Natterer  =  Curytiba,  Parana. 

Elainea  holmbergiana  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  120,  1901 — Alto  Parana". 

Tyranniscus  bolivianus  paulistus  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  272,  1902 — 
Bauni,  Sao  Paulo  (type  in  Museu  Paulista  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  6,  p.  346, 
1905  (crit.). 

*  Genus  Xanthomyias  BERLEPSCH. 

Allied  to  Phyllomyias,  but  bill  narrower  and  higher  (less  dilated  and  depressed), 
with  the  culmen  rounded  and  strongly  convex  on  apical  portion. 

b  Xanthomyias  virescens  virescens  (TEMMINCK),  while  somewhat  similar  to  Phyl- 
lomyias fasciatus  brevirostris,  may  be  recognized,  in  addition  to  the  differently-shaped 
bill  and  whitish  mandible,  by  much  brighter,  fresher  green  upper  parts;  like  the  rest 
of  the  lower  surface  bright  yellow  throat,  and  particularly  by  the  two  well-marked, 
pale  yellow  wing-bands,  formed  as  in  Phylloscartes  ventralis. 

0  An  authentic  specimen,  received  from  Bertoni,  in  the  Museu  Paulista  (No.  4741. 
Puerto  Bertoni,  1904),  which  I  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  through  the  cour- 
tesy of  Dr.  H.  von  Ihering,  was  found  to  be  identical  with  some  of  Natterer's  ex- 
amples. 


462  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Elaenea  brevirostris  (not  of  SPIX)  BURMEISTER,  Syst.  t)bers.  Th.  Bras.,  2,  p.  479, 
1856 — Rio  de  Janeiro  and  Novo  Friburgo. 

Phyllomyias  virescens  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  105,  1868 — part,  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  and  Curytiba  (Parand)  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  25,  1905  (char., 
range);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  278,  1907 — Bauru,  Itarare1,  Itapura 
(Sao  Paulo)  and  Paraguay;  CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  583 — Sapucay,  Paraguay 
(spec,  examined). 

Phyllomyias  salvadorii  (not  of  DUBOIS)  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
25,  P-  137,  1902 — Sapucay. 

Xanihomyias  mrescens  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  490,  1907;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  57,  1913 — Puerto  Bertoni;  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12, 
p.  136,  1915 — Brago  do  Sul,  near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo;  CHROSTOWSKI, 
Ann.  Zool.  Mus.  Pol.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  32,  1921 — Antonio  Olyntho,  Parana. 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
and  Minas  Geraes  south  to  Parana;  Paraguay;  northeastern  Argentina 
(Misiones)a. 

4:  Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  2);  Argentina  (Rio  Paranay,  Misi- 
ones  2). 

Xanthomyias  virescens  reiser!  ( Hellmayr) b.   REISER'S  TYRANNULET. 

Phyllomyias  reiseri  HELLMAYR,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  15,  p.  73,  1905 — Grotao,  on  the 
road  from  Sao  Antonio  to  Santa  Philomena,  Piauhy. 

Xanthomyias  reiseri  REISER,  Denks.  math,  naturwiss.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76, 
P-  73.  1910;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  159,  1925 — Grotao. 

Range:    Northeastern  Brazil  (in  State  of  Piauhy). 

Xanthomyias  virescens  urichi  (Chapman}".   URICH'S  TYRANNULET. 

Mecocerculus  urichi  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  12,  p.  155,  1899 — 
Quebrada  Secca,  Bermudez  (type  examined). 

8  Birds  from  Paraguay  are  identical  with  the  Brazilian  ones.  Measurements: 
wing  (male)  60-64,  (female)  56-60;  tail  59-64,  (female)  53-58;  bill  9-10. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Brago  do  Sul,  Espirito  Santo  i;  Therezopolis,  Rio 
2 ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  2 ;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem  i,  Rio  Jordao,  Araguay,  Minas 
Geraes  i;  Ypanema  2,  Itapura  i,  Fazenda  Cayoa,  Salto  Grande  do  Rio  Parana- 
panema  i,  Bauru,  Sao  Paulo  i;  Curytiba  2,  Roc.a  Nova,  Serra  do  Mar,  Parana  i. 
Paraguay:  Sapucay  2,  Bernalcu6,  near  Asunci6n  i,  Puerto  Bertoni  i. 

b  Xanthomyias  virescens  reiseri  (HELLMAYR)  :  Similar  to  X.  v.  virescens,  but 
smaller;  forehead  ashy  gray;  back  of  a  clearer,  much  more  yellowish  green;  wing 
bands  broader;  yellowish  superciliaries  more  conspicuous;  under  parts  paler  yellow, 
obsoletely  flammulated  with  whitish  on  the  chest.  Wing  (male)  54;  tail  50^'.  bill  9. 

Material. — Brazil,  Piauhy:   Grotao  (the  type)  i. 

8  Xanthomyias  virescens  urichi  (CHAPMAN)  :  In  size  nearer  to  X.  v.  virescens,  but 
forehead  tinged  with  ashy  as  in  reiseri;  back  even  duller  green  than  in  virescens; 
throat  more  whitish  and  wing  bands  paler  yellowish  than  in  either  form.  Wing 
(female)  56-58;  tail  53-57;  bill  10. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela,  Bermudez:  Quebrada  Secca  2,  Los  Palmales  i, 
unspecified  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  463 

Phyllomyias  venezuelensis  HARTERT,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  u,  p.  39,  1900 — 'Cumana"  = 

Los  Palmales,  Bermudez  (type  examined). 

Xanthomyias  urichi  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  171,  1914  (crit.). 
Range:    Northeastern    Venezuela    (Los    Palmales    and    Quebrada 
Secca,  State  of  Bermudez). 

*Xanthomyias  sclateri  sclateri  (Berlepsch)*.    SCLATER'S  TYRANNULET. 
Phyllomyias  sclateri  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  49,  p.  90,  1901 — Bueyes,  near  Santa 
Cruz  de  la  Sierra  (type)  and  San  Mateo,  north  of  Cochabamba,  Bolivia  (spec, 
examined);  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  16,  p.  200,  1909 —  Jujuy. 
Xanthomyias  sclateri  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  491,  1907;  LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist. 
Nat.,  i,  p.  26,  1909 — Vipos,  Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.  B.  Aires,  18,  p.  334,  1910 — Vipos;  DINELLI,  El  Hornero, 
i,  p.  144,  1918  (nest  and  eggs  descr.);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  21,  p.  172,  1914 
— Bolivia  and  northwestern  Argentina  (crit.). 

(?)  Phyllomyias  brevirostris  (not  of  SPIX)  LILLO,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  B.  Aires,  8, 
p.  185,  1902 — Vipos;  idem,  Rev.  letr.  cienc.  soc.,  3,  p.  49,  1905 — Vipos. 

Range:     Tropical    Zone    of    Bolivia    (depts.    Cochabamba     and 
Santa  Cruz)  and  northwestern  Argentina  (prov.  Jujuy  and  Tucuma'n). 
i:    Argentina  (Cafetal,  Jujuy  i). 

Xanthomyias  sclateri  subtropicalis  (Chapman)*.   SUBTROPICAL  TYRAN- 
NULET. 

Mecocerculus  subtropicalis  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  262,  1919 — 
San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba  Canyon  (type)  and  Idma,  above  Santa  Ana, 
Peru  (type  examined);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  89,  1921 — same 
localities. 

Range :    Subtropical  Zone  of  southeastern  Peru  (Urubamba  Valley). 

Genus  PHYLLOMYIAS  Cabanis  and  Heine. 

Phyllomyias  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  57,  1859 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(Sclater  1888)  Platyrhynchus  brevirostris  SPIX. 

•  Xanthomyias  sclateri  sclateri  (BERLEPSCH)  :  Similar  in  form  to  X.  virescens 
virescens,  but  under  parts  chiefly  white  shaded  with  pale  grayish  on  throat,  flam- 
mulated  with  pale  yellowish  on  breast  and  sides,  only  the  axillaries  and  under  wing 
coverts  bright  yellow;  crown  grayish;  lores  and  superciliary  streak,  cheeks,  and  an- 
terior auriculars  whitish  instead  of  yellow.  Wing  (male)  62-66,  (female)  59-62; 
tail  58-63,  (female)  53-56;  bill  9. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Bueyes,  near  Santa  Cruz  (type)  i,  San  Mateo, 
Cochabamba  4.  Argentina:  Cafetal,  Jujuy  2,  Vipos,  Tucuman  i. 

b  Xanthomyias  sclateri  subtropicalis  (CHAPMAN)  :  Very  similar  to  X.  s.  sclateri, 
but  decidedly  duller,  more  grayish  green  (somewhat  duller  than  Kronberg's  green 
instead  of  yellowish  oil  green)  above,  with  the  crown  more  grayish;  white  super- 
ciliaries  wider  and  more  pronounced.  Wing  (male)  62-65,  (female)  60;  tail  58-66, 
(female)  55;  bill  8^-9- 

Material  examined. — Peru:  San  Miguel  Bridge  (including  the  type)  3,  foot  of 
Matchu  Picchu  i,  Idma  i. 


464  FIRLD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Phyllomyiasfasciatusbrevirostris  (Spix).  SHORT-BILLED  TYRANNULET. 

Platyrhynchus  brevirostris  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  13,  pi.  15,  fig.  2,  1825 — Rio  de 
Janeiro  (type  lost,  formerly  in  Munich  Museum)*. 

Musdpeta  asilus  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  894,  1831 — Cabo  Frio  and 
Rio  de  Janeiro. 

PTiyllomyias  brevirostris  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  57,  1859 — Brazil; 
PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  105,  1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Registo  do  Sai,  and 
Sapitiba  (Rio),  Ypanema  and  Sao  Luiz,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  idem, 
Nunq.  otios.,  2,  p.  292,  1874 — Novo  Friburgo;  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  22, 
p.  98,  1874 — Cantagallo;  BERLEPSCH  and  IHERING,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  2,  p.  131, 
1885 — Taquara  do  Mundo  Novo,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  121,  1888 — Brazil;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  231, 
1889  (note  on  Wied's  types);  BOUCARD  and  BERLEPSCH,  The  Humming  Bird, 
2,  p.  44,  1892 — Porto  Real,  Rio;  IHERING,  Annuario  Est.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
16,  p.  126,  1899 — Taquara;  idem,  Rev.  Mus.,  Paul.,  3,  p.  190,  1899 — Iguape^ 
Sao  Paulo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  155,  1900 — Cantagallo  and  Novo 
Friburgo;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  646, 
1906  (crit.) ;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  278,  1907 — Iguape1,  Jaboticabal, 
Tiete",  Barretos,  Ubatuba,  Jundiahy,  Alto  da  Serra,  Bauru  (Sao  Paulo),  Ilha 
Grande  (Rio  de  Janeiro),  Marianna  and  Itatiaya  (Minas  Geraes);  LUDER- 
WALDT,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  (Syst.),  27,  p.  354,  1909 — Itatiaya;  BERTONI,  Faun. 
Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay;  DABBENE,  El  Hornero,  i, 
P-  97i  1918 — Iguazii,  Misiones. 

Phyllomyia  brevirostris  REINHARDT,  Vidensk.  Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870, 
p.  347 — Lagoa  Santa,  Minas  Geraes  (spec,  in  Copenhagen  Museum  examined). 

Phyllomyias  incanescens  (not  of  WIED)  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  271,  1902 
— Jaboticabal  and  Jundiahy,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  from  Jundiahy  examined). 

Phyllomyias  brevirostris  brevirostris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  43, 1908  (range); 
idem,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  p.  135,  1912 — Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  (crit.). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo, 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  Minas  Geraes  south  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul;  Para- 
guay; northeastern  Argentina  (Misiones) b. 

i:    Brazil  (Therezopolis,  Rio  i). 

•  Spix's  diagnosis  and  plate  being  barely  recognizable,  it  would  perhaps  be 
better  to  give  preference  to  Musdpeta  asilus  WIED,  accompanied  by  an  excellent 
description. 

b  I  am  quite  unable  to  perceive  any  geographic  variation  in  a  large  series  from  the 
forests  of  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo  down  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.  Specimens  in  worn 
breeding  plumage  become  very  pale  and  closely  resemble  the  northern  form  fasdatus 
to  which  Ihering  had  actually  referred  individuals  from  Jundiahy  and  Ilha  Grande. 
Two  birds  from  Itatiaya  are  deeper  yellow  underneath  than  any  other  specimen  exam- 
ined. It  is  quite  possible  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  interior  districts  of  Sap  Paulo 
whence  I  have  no  material  for  comparison  are  more  properly  referable  to  virescens. 

Material  examined. — Espirito  Santo:  Victoria  2.  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Ilha  Grande 
Rio  i,  Sapitiba  i,  Registo  do  Sai  i,  Therezopolis  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  8,  Sao 
Luiz  i,  Piquete  i,  Ubatuba  i,  Sao  Sebastiao  2,  Iguap^  4,  Jundiahy  i.  Minas 
Geraes:  Lagoa  Santa  i,  Itatiaya  2.  Parana:  Morretes,  Serra  do  Mar  i.  Santa 
Catharina:  Blumenau  i.  Rio  Grande  do  Sul:  Taquara  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  465 

Phyllomyias  fasciatus  virescens  (Allen)*.   ALLEN'S  TYRANNULET. 

Sublegatus  virescens  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.   149,   1889 — 

Chapada,  Matto  Grosso  (type  examined) ;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  337, 1892 — Chapada. 
Phyllomyias  brevirostris  virescens  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  42,  1908 — Goyaz 

(crit.). 

Range:  Interior  of  Brazil,  in  states  of  Goyaz  (Goyaz  City,  Jar- 
agua)  and  Matto  Grosso  (Chapada). 

*Phyllomyias  fasciatus  fasciatus  (Thunberg)b.  WIED'S  TYRANNULET. 

Pipra  fasciata  THUNBERG,  Me"m.  Ac.  Imp.  Sci.  St.  Pe'tersb.,  8,  p.  285,  1822 — 
Brazil  (type  in  Upsala  Museum  examined)8. 

Muscipeta  incanescens  WIED,  Beitr.  Naturg.  Bras.,  3  (2),  p.  898,  1831 — Bahia; 
LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  1876,  p.  497  (crit.). 

Phyllomyias  lividus  (TEMMINCK  MS.)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  176,  1868 — 
Brazil  =  Bahia  (type  in  Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Phyllomyias  berlepschi  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1887,  p.  49 — Bahia;  idem,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  123,  1888 — Bahia. 

Phyllomyias  incanescens  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  147,  1889 
(crit.  note  on  Wied's  types);  BERLEPSCH  and  LEVERKUHN,  Ornis,  6,  p.  15, 
1890  (crit.) ;  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  24,  1905  (synon.); 
IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  279,  1907 — Bahia;  REISER,  Denks.  math, 
naturw.  Kl.  Ak.  Wiss.  Wien,  76,  p.  73,  1910 — Pao  de  Canoa,  Rio  Preto,  Bahia, 
and  Paranagua,  Piauhy;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  159,  1925 — same  localities  (spec,  ex- 
amined). 

Phyllomyias  brevirostris  incanescens  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  43,  1908 — 
Bahia. 

•  Phyllomyias  fasciatus  virescens  (ALLEN)  :  Very  near  P.  /,  fasciatus,  but  crown 
paler,  ashy  gray  rather  than  blackish;  back  more  greenish;  posterior  under  parts 
brighter  and  more  uniform  yellow.  Wing  (three  males)  57-58^;  tail  52-53;  bill  8tf. 

The  validity  of  this  race  requires  corroboration  by  a  larger  series. 

Material  examined. — Goyaz:  Goyaz  City  i,  Jaragua  i;  Chapada,  Matto  Grosso 
(the  type)  i. 

b  Phyllomyias  fasciatus  fasciatus  (THUNBERG)  :  Much  smaller  than  P.  f.  breviros- 
tris and  much  paler;  the  back  being  light  grayish,  tinged  with  olive;  the  crown  gray, 
with  dusky  centers  to  the  feathers;  the  wing-markings  more  whitish;  the  throat 
more  extensively  white;  the  breast  and  abdomen  decidedly  paler  yellow,  the  chest 
underlaid  with  grayish.  Wing  51-58;  tail  45-50;  bill  8-9. 

Birds  from  Piauhy  and  Maranhao  agree  well  with  a  series  of  Bahia  trade  skins. 
An  adult  male  from  the  Rio  Preto,  northwestern  Bahia,  while  identical  in  coloration, 
approaches  cearae  in  size. 

Material  examined. — Bahia:  trade  skins  n,  Pao  de  Canoa,  Rio  Preto  i;  Par- 
nagua,  Piauhy  i;  Maranhao  2;  "Brazil"  (type  of  Pipra  fasciata)  i. 

0  The  type,  an  adult  bird  in  excellent  condition,  is  perfectly  identical  with  the 
original  example  of  Phyllomyias  lividus  PELZELN,  from  Bahia.  Its  measurements 
are  as  follows:  wing  58,  tail  48;  bill  8>£.  It  had  been  forwarded  to  the  British 
Museum  and,  as  recorded  by  Lonnberg  (Ibis,  1903,  p.  241),  was  identified  by  the 
late  Charles  Chubb,  whose  label  it  still  bears,  with  Sublegatus  platyrhynchus  =  S. 
modestus,  an  unconceivable  mistake  which  I  hasten  to  correct.  I  am  much  indebted 
to  Dr.  Lonnberg  for  the  opportunity  of  examining  this  important  specimen. 


466  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:    Eastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Bahia,  Piauhy,  and  Maranhao. 
2:    Maranhao  (Cod6,  Cocos  i;  Alto  Parnahyba  i). 

*Phyllomyias  fasciatus  cearae  subsp.  nov.»    CEAR£  TYRANNULET. 
Range:    Northeastern  Brazil,  in  State  of  Ceara  (Serra  Baturit^). 
5:    Ceara  (Serra  Baturit^  5). 

Phyllomyias  griseocapilla  Sclaterb.   GRAY-CAPPED  TYRANNULET. 

Phyllomyias  griseocapilla  (LAFRESNAYE  MS.)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1861, 
p.  382,  pi.  36,  fig.  2 — Brazil,  Rio  de  Janeiro  (type  examined);  CABANIS, 
Journ.  Orn.,  22,  p.  88,  1874 — Cantagallo  (spec,  examined) ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  122,  1888 — Brazil;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  4,  p.  155, 
1900 — Cantagallo;  idem,  I.e.,  6,  p.  350,  1905 — Iguape",  Sao  Paulo;  idem,  Cat. 
Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  278,  1907 — Iguape"  and  Ubatuba,  Sao  Paulo  (spec,  ex- 
amined); HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  p.  136,  1912 — Braco  do  Sul, 
near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  (crit.). 

Range :  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  in  states  of  Espirito 
Santo  (Victoria),  Rio  de  Janeiro  (Colonia  Alpina,  Serra  dos  Orgaos), 
and  Sao  Paulo  (Iguape*,  Ubatuba). 

Phyllomyias  griseiceps  (Sclater  and  Salvin).    GRAY-HEADED  TYRAN- 
NULET. 

Tyranniscus  griseiceps  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1870,"  p.  841,  843, 
publ.  1871 — Babahoyo  (type)  and  Pallatanga,  Ecuador,  and  Lake  of  Valencia, 
Venezuela;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 — Bartica  Grove  and  Roraima,  Brit. 
Guiana  (spec,  examined);  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  136,  1898 — 

•  Phyllomyias  fasciatus  cearae  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Serra  Baturit6,  Ceara,  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  No. 
50534.  Male.  July  17,  1913-  R-  H.  Becker. 

Adult:  Similar  to  P.  fasciatus  brevirostris,  but  upper  parts  much  duller  and 
less  yellowish,  varying  from  olive  citrine  to  buffy  olive  (instead  of  being  between 
citrine  and  dark  citrine) ;  pileum  darker,  the  feathers  being  centered  with  dusky, 
and  forehead  tinged  with  ashy;  ventral  surface  decidedly  paler,  primrose  rather 
than  pinard  yellow,  with  the  entire  throat  whitish.  Not  unlike  P.  f.  fasciatus 
in  coloration  of  pileum,  but  larger;  back  and  rump  much  greener  and  under  parts 
much  deeper  yellow.  Wing  (male)  61-62,  (female)  56-57;  tail  (male)  54-57, 
(female)  49-51;  bill  7-8. 

Remarks. — While  to  a  certain  extent  intermediate,  this  new  form  appears 
more  nearly  related  to  the  geographically  distant  P.  f.  brevirostris  than  to  P.  f. 
fasciatus  of  the  neighboring  districts.  So  far,  it  is  only  known  from  the  Serra  of 
Baturit6  in  the  State  of  Ceara. 

b  This  species  is  well  characterized  by  the  dark  grayish  brown  cap  (abruptly 
denned  against  the  olive  green  back),  the  large  white  loral  spot,  and  the  grayish 
white  throat  and  middle  line  of  the  belly,  abruptly  contrasting  with  the  light  greenish 
yellow  sides. 

Material  examined. — Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  i ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  4,  Colonia  Alpina, 
Serra  dos  Orgaos  i;  Iguape"  i,  Ubatuba,  Sao  Paulo  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  467 

"Santa  Marta";  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,^1900 — 
Minca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  134,  1888 — Pallatanga,  Babahoyo, 
Bucaramanga,  Maruria,  Bartica  Grove,  Roraima. 

Phyllomyias  cristatus  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  250,  300,  1884 — Bucara- 
manga (type  examined). 

Phyllomyias  griseiceps  caucae  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  34,  p.  645, 
1915 — Miraflores,  east  of  Palmira,  Central  Andes,  Cauca,  Colombia;  idem,  I.e., 
36,  p.  451,  1917 — same  locality. 

Tyranniscus  sp.  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  216,  1862 — Pallatanga, 
Babahoyo;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1869,  p.  252 — Maruria,  Lake 
of  Valencia  (spec,  examined). 

Sublegatus  incanescens  (not  of  WIED)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  124 — 
Minca  (spec,  examined). 

Phyllomyias  griseiceps  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883, 
p.  554 — Chimbo  (spec,  examined) ;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  7,  1899 — Zamora,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined) ;  BER- 
LEPSCH and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  5, 1905 — Minca  (crit.) ;  MENEGAUX, 
Miss.  Serv.  g6ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  654,  1911 — "Quito"; 
HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  78,  1912 — Las 
Quiguas,  Carabobo  (crit.);  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  176,  1921 — 
Mount  Roraima  and  Bartica. 

Phyllomyias  griseiceps  griseiceps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  450,  1917 — Cunday,  Bogotd  region;  Tobo  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  367,  1922 — La  Tigrera,  Santa  Marta  region. 

Range:  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  Ecuador,  Colombia, 
northwestern  Venezuela  (Maruria,  Lake  of  Valencia),  and  (?)  British 
Guiana8. 

Genus  TYRANNISCUS  Cabanis  and  Heineb. 

Tyranniscus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  57,  1859 — type  Tyrannulus 
nigricapillus  LAFRESNAYE. 

»  While  this  species  is  probably  divisible  into  two  or  more  geographic  races,  the 
material  examined  in  the  present  connection  does  not  allow  satisfactory  definition 
of  their  characters.  Two  birds  from  Chimbo  (practically  topptypes  of  griseiceps) 
and  one  from  Zamora,  have  the  crown  nearly  uniform  blackish  and  the  vertical 
feathers  but  slightly  elongated,  while  Colombian  specimens  are  conspicuous  by  their 
full  crest,  the  feathers  being  dark  brown,  distinctly  edged  with  olive  gray.  If  sep- 
arable, their  proper  name  would  be  P.  griseiceps  cristatus.  I  notice,  however,  that 
certain  Bogota  skins  are  hardly  distinguishable  from  those  of  Ecuador.  I  do  not 
think  it  possible  to  maintain  caucae,  based  on  two  specimens  from  the  Central  Andes. 
I  find  much  variation  in  coloration  and  size  among  Bogotd  skins,  the  length  of  the 
wing  ranging  from  50  to  57.  A  single  male  each  from  Santa  Marta  (Minca)  and 
Venezuela  agree  fairly  with  the  average  from  Bogota.  On  the  other  hand,  two  exam- 
ples (both  females)  from  British  Guiana  are  perceptibly  smaller,  the  bill  particularly 
so,  and  very  likely  constitute  a  separable  race. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Chimbo  2,  Zamora  i.  Colombia;  Bucaramanga 
(type  of  P.  cristatus)  i;  Bogotd  17;  Miraflores  i;  Minca,  Santa  Marta  i.  Venezuela: 
Maruria,  Lake  of  Valencia  i,  Las  Quiguas  i.  British  Guiana:  Roraima  i,  Bartica 
Grove  i. 

b  This  genus  appears  to  be  hardly  separable  from  Phyllomyias,  the  only  absolutely 
constant  character  being  the  yellow  edges  to  the  upper  wing-coverts. 


468  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Tyranniscus  nigrocapillus  nigrocapillus  (Lafresnaye).    BLACK-CAPPED 

TYRANNULET. 

Tyrannulus  nigro-capillus  LAFRESNAYE,  Rev.  Zool.,  8,  p.  341,  1845 — Bogota. 

Tyrannulus  nigricapillus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150,  1855 — Bogota; 
idem,  I.e.,  28,  p.  93,  1860 — Puellaro,  Ecuador. 

Tyranniscus  nigricapillus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  57,  1859 — New 
Granada;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  842 — Bogota  and 
Puellaro;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Santa  Elena,  Antioquia;  TACZANOWSKI, 
I.e.,  1874,  P-  536 — Pumamarca,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1880,  p.  203 — Cutervo,  Peru; 
idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  257,  1884 — Pumamarca  and  Cutervo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  131,  1888 — part,  spec,  c-h,  Bogota,  Santa  Elena,  San  Lucas 
and  Puellaro;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  704 — part,  Pichincha  (spec,  ex- 
amined). 

Tyranniscus  nigricapillus  nigricapillus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  453,  1917 — Andes  west  of  Popayan,  Almaguer,  Salento,  and  Santa 
Elena,  Colombia. 

Range:  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zone  of  the  Andes  of  Colombia 
(except  Santa  Marta  range),  Ecuador,  and  Peru  (south  to  Junin)a. 

i:    Peru  (Molinopampa  i). 

*Tyranniscus  nigrocapillus  flavimentum  Chapman*.   YELLOW-CHINNED 
TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  nigrocapillus  flavimentum  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
31,  p.  154,  1912 — San  Lorenzo,  Sierra  Nevada  of  Santa  Marta,  Colombia; 
TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  371,  1922 — San  Lorenzo, 
San  Miguel,  Cerro  de  Caracas,  and  Heights  of  Chirua. 

Tyranniscus  nigricapillus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1875,  p.  234 — Sierra  Nevada  of  Me'rida;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  131,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Me'rida;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  13, 
p.  98,  1899 — La  Concepcion  and  Chirua;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
13,  p.  148,  1900 — El  Libano  and  San  Lorenzo. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta 
Mountains)  and  western  Venezuela  (Sierra  of  Me'rida). 

4:    Venezuela,  Sierra  of  Me'rida  (Valle  i,  Escorial  2,  Nevados  i). 

•  I  am  not  quite  certain  that  specimens  from  Ecuador  and  Peru  are  absolutely 
identical  with  the  typical  Colombian  bird.  The  few  skins  examined  appear  to  be 
rather  blacker  about  the  head  and  more  whitish  on  the  upper  throat. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  "Bogota"  14.  Ecuador:  Pichincha  i.  Peru: 
Cutervo  i,  Molinopampa  i. 

b  Tyranniscus  nigrocapillus  flavimentum  CHAPMAN:  Differs  from  T.  n.  nigrocapil- 
lus by  deep  yellow  (instead  of  whitish)  frontal  edge  and  supraloral  streak;  much 
deeper  yellow  under  parts,  without  any  white  on  the  chin;  honey  yellow  instead  of 
colonial  buff  edges  to  the  secondaries. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  El  Libano  i.  Venezuela:  Sierra  of  Me'rida 
(various  localities  between  2000  and  3000  metr.  alt.)~8. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  469 

*Tyranniscus  uropygialis  (Lawrence)*-    TAWNY-RUMPED  TYRANNULET. 

Mecocerculus  uropygialis  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  266, 1870 — 
"supposed  to  be  Ecuador";  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  28,  1888 — 
Ecuador;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  141,  1889 — Bogotd 
(crit.);  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Mes.  Arc  Me"rid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  849, 
1911 — Chorillos  and  Quito,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
36,  p.  453,  1917 — Choachi,  near  Bogota. 

Tyranniscus  uropygialis  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884, 
p.  296 — Cechce  and  Cerro  Margarita,  Ecuador  (crit.);  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14, 
p.  489,  1907  (crit.);  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — Tabaconas, 
Peru;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  53,  1920 — Ollachea,  Sierra 
of  Carabaya,  Peru  (crit.). 

Tyranniscus  nigricapittus  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  704 — 
part,  Pichincha  and  Coraz6n  (spec,  examined). 

Range:  Subtropical  and  Temperate  Zone  of  Colombia  (Bogota 
region),  Ecuador,  Peru,  and  western  Bolivia  (Cocapata  and  Songo, 
Yungas  of  La  Paz) b. 

i :     Peru  (Huanuco  Mts.,  10,500  ft.  alt.,  i). 

Tyranniscus  cinereiceps  (Sdater)e.  ASHY-HEADED  TYRANNULET. 

Tyrannulus  cinereiceps  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  69,  1860 — Pallatanga, 
Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  283,  1860 — Babahoyo. 

Tyranniscus  cinereiceps  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  216,  1862 — Palla- 
tanga; SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  842,  pi.  53,  fig.  2 — 

•  Tyranniscus  uropygialis  (LAWRENCE):  In  form  nearly  agreeing  with  T.  nigro- 
capillus,  but  back  light  sepia  (instead  of  olive  green),  passing  into  tawny  olive  on 
rump  and  tail-coverts;  wing  bands  cinnamon  buffy  instead  of  pale  yellowish;  cheeks 
and  auriculars  grayish,  streaked  with  white  (instead  of  yellow,  freckled  with  olive); 
throat  grayish  white;  belly  very  much  paler  yellowish,  etc.  Wing  (male)  62-65, 
(female)  58-61;  tail  47-54. 

b  Birds  from  Bolivia  and  Peru  do  not  appear  to  be  separable  from  those  of  Ecua- 
dor and  a  series  of  Bogota  skins.  There  is  much  individual  variation  in  the  intensity 
of  the  wing  bands  and  under  parts. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  8.  Ecuador:  "Quito"  2,  Coraz6n  i, 
Milligalli  i,  Mindo  i,  west  side  of  Pichincha  i,  Cerro  Margarita  i.  Peru:  Huanuco 
Mts.  i,  Surco,  Dept.  Lima  (Feb.  9,  1900,  P.  O.  Simons,  British  Museum)  i,  Ollachea, 
Carabaya  i.  Bolivia:  Cocapata  i,  Songo  i. 

0  Tyranniscus  cinereiceps  (SCLATER)  is  not  unlike  Oreotriccus  plumbeiceps  (LAW- 
RENCE), but  in  addition  to  its  much  shorter  tail,  it  may  be  distinguished  by  the  large 
black  semi-lunar  auricular  patch,  bright  yellow  (instead  of  whitish)  throat,  and  by 
having  the  larger  upper  wing-coverts  broadly  tipped  with  pale  yellow,  so  as  to  pro- 
duce two  conspicuous  cross-bands.  Some  specimens  are  much  paler  below,  but  do  not 
differ  otherwise.  In  immature  plumage  the  rump  is  slightly  washed  with  tawny 
olive. 

Bogota  skins  and  one  male  from  Machay  are  slightly  larger  than  two  others  from 
Intac  (wing  60-63,  against  56-57^;  tail  44-46,  against  43).  No  Peruvian  material 
seen. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador:  Intac  2,  Machay  i.   Colombia:   Bogotd  4. 


470  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pallatanga  and  Bogota;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  536 — Ropaybamba; 
idem,  Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  258,  1884 — Ropaybamba;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BER- 
LEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  90 — Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  131,  pi.  n,  fig.  i,  1888 — Pallatanga,  Bogota; 
GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  iQor,  p.  704 — Intac,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  CHAP- 
MAN, Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  454,  1917 — below  Salento,  above 
Salento,  Santa  Elena,  El  Eden,  Colombia  (crit.);  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  117,  p.  94,  1921 — Idma  and  San  Miguel  Bridge,  Urubamba;  LONN- 
BERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74,  1922 — Niebli,  Ecuador. 

Range:    Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Central  and  Eastern  Andes), 
Ecuador,  and  Peru  (depts.  Junin  and  Cuzco). 

*Tyranniscus    vilissimus    vilissimus    (Sclater    and    Salvin).     PALTRY 
TYRANNULET. 

Elainia  vilissima  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  Ibis,  i,  p.  122,  pi.  4,  fig.  i,  1859 — Coban, 
Vera  Paz,  Guatemala. 

Tyranniscus  vilissimus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  132,  1888 — Coban, 
Vera  Paz,  Calderas,  Volcan  de  Fuego,  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  33,  1888 — Guatemala  and  Honduras  (San  Pedro). 

Tyranniscus  vilissimus  vilissimus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  408,  1907 — Guatemala  and  Honduras  (monog.). 

Range:    Guatemala  and  Honduras  (San  Pedro). 
i:    Guatemala  (Coban,  Vera  Paz  i). 

^Tyranniscus  vilissimus  parvus  Lawrence.    LESSER  PALTRY  TYRAN- 
NULET. 

Tyranniscus parvus LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  4,  p.  12, 1862 — Isthmus  of  Panama;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  132,  1888 — Costa  Rica,  Veragua,  Panama;  SALVIN 
and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  33,  1888 — Costa  Rica  to  Panama; 
RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  505,  1893 — Greytown  and  Rio  Escon- 
dido,  Nicaragua;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  36,  1902 — Boquete, 
Panama;  idem,  Auk,  24,  p.  301,  1907 — Boruca,  Paso  Real,  and  Pozo  del  Rio 
Grande,  Costa  Rica. 

Tyranniscus  vilissimus  parvus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  408, 
1907 — Nicaragua  to  Panama  (monog.,  full  bibliography);  CARRIKER,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  722,  1910 — Costa  Rica  (habits);  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo  and  Coliblanco,  Costa  Rica; 
BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  217,  1922 — Mt.  Sapo, 
Darien. 

Range:    Nicaragua    (Greytown,    Rio    Escondido,    Rio    Grande), 
south  through  Costa  Rica  to  eastern  Panama  (Darien). 

12:    Costa  Rica  (Coliblanco  3,  Guayabo  2,  Boruca  4,  El  General  i, 
Limon  i);  Panama  (Lion  Hill  i). 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  471 

*Tyranniscus  vilissimus  improbus  Sclater  and  Salvin*.    MOUNTAIN 
TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  improbus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "  1870,"  p.  841,  pi.  55, 
fig.  3,  1871 — Andes  of  Me'rida,  Venezuela  (type),  and  "Ocana,"  Colombia; 
WYATT,  Ibis,  1871,  p.  333 — "Naranjo  or  somewhere  between  Ocana  and 
Bucaramanga";  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  133,  1888 — "Me'rida" 
and  "near  Ocana";  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  372, 
1922 — Cincinnati  and  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta. 

Ochthoeca  olivacea  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  152,  1900 — Val- 
paraiso, Santa  Marta  region  (type  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  20, 
p.  242,  1913  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta 
Mountains  and  Andes  of  Santander)  and  western  Venezuela  (Sierra  of 
Me'rida). 

5 :    Colombia  (Paramo  de  Tama  4) ;  Venezuela  (Paramo  de  Tama  i). 

Tyranniscus  vilissimus  petersi  Berlepsch*.   PETERS'S  TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  petersi  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  359,  1907 — Antimano,  near  Caracas, 
Venezuela  (type  examined) ;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A, 
Heft  5,  p.  79,  1912 — Las  Quiguas  and  San  Esteban,  Carabobo. 

Range:  North  coast  mountains  of  Venezuela,  in  Dept.  Federal 
Occidental  (Galipan,  Cerro  del  Avila;  Antimano,  near  Caracas;  Silla 
de  Caracas;  Loma  Redonda)  and  State  of  Carabobo  (Las  Quiguas, 
San  Esteban). 

Tyranniscus   bolivianus   bolivianus    (D'Orbigny).     BOLIVIAN   TYRAN- 
NULET. 

Muscicapa  olivacea  (not  of  VIEILLOTO)  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av., 
i,  Mag.  Zool.,  7,  cl.  2,  p.  54,  1837 — Yungas  of  Bolivia  (types  in  Paris  Museum 
examined). 

B  Tyranniscus  vilissimus  improbus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  is  much  larger  than  T.  v. 
parvus,  attaining  or  even  exceeding,  as  it  does,  the  proportions  of  T.  v.  vilissimus, 
and  may  be  distinguished  from  either  by  dusky  olive  crown,  pale  yellowish  throat, 
and  wholly  yellow  abdomen,  while  the  Central  American  forms  have  only  the  flanks 
and  crissum  light  greenish  yellow. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Valparaiso  i.  Paramo  de  Tama  5.  Venezuela, 
Sierra  of  Me'rida:  El  Valle  7,  El  Escorial  4,  Conejos  i,  unspecified  4. 

b  Tyranniscus  vilissimus  petersi  BERLEPSCH:  Nearly  related  to  T.  v.  improbus, 
but  crown  dark  slate  gray;  loral  spot  and  auricular  patch  deep  black,  consequently 
more  conspicuous;  no  white  frontal  edge;  back  somewhat  darker;  under  parts  much 
paler,  the  throat  nearly  white.  Wing  (male)  58-62,  (female)  54-56;  tail  51^-56, 
(female)  43-48. 

Material  examined. — Antimano  (the  type)  i,  "Caracas"  2,  Galipan,  Cerro  del 
Avila  10,  Silla  de  Caracas  i,  Loma  Redonda,  north  of  Caracas  3;  Las  Quiguas,  upper 
San  Esteban  Valley,  Carabobo  8. 

°Tabl.  enc.  m6th.,  Orn.,  2,  livr.  91,  p.  817,  1922 — based  on  Catesby,  Nat.  Hist. 
Carolina,  i,  pi.  54,  Carolina. 


472  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Muscicapara  boliviano.  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame'r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  328,  1839 — 
new  name  for  Muscicapa  olivacea  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  preoccupied. 

Tyranniscus  viridissimus  (not  of  SCLATER)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  614 — Tilotilo,  Bolivia. 

Tyranniscus  bolivianus  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  134,  1888 — part, 
spec,  c-e,  Tilotilo;  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85,  A,  Heft  10,  p.  53,  1920 — 
Chuhuasi,  Sierra  of  Carabaya;  idem,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  186,  1925 — Yungas 
(note  on  types). 

Range:  Western  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz)  and  extreme  south- 
eastern Peru  (Sierra  of  Carabaya) a. 

Tyranniscus  bolivianus  viridissimus  Sclaterb.  WHITELY'S  TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  viridissimus  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.  for  Dec.  1873,  p.  780,  782, 
1874 — Cosnipata  (type)  and  Guadalupe,  Dept.  Cuzco;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn. 
P6r.,  2,  p.  260,  1884 — same  localities. 

Tyranniscus  gracilipes  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  1867)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  p.  185 — Guadalupe,  Dept.  Cuzco. 

Tyranniscus  bolivianus  (not  of  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  134,  1888 — part,  spec,  a,  b,  Cosnipata  and  Guadalupe;  BERLEPSCH  and 
STOLZMANN,  Omis,  13,  p.  86,  1906 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana. 

Tyranniscus  bolivianus  viridissimus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  94, 
1921 — Idma,  Urubamba  Valley. 

Range:    Southeastern  Peru,  in  Dept.  Cuzco  (Urubamba  Valley). 

^Tyranniscus  chrysops  chrysops  (Sclater).    GOLDEN-FACED  TYRANNU- 
LET. 

Tyrannulus  chrysops  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  26,  p.  458,  1858 — Gualaquiza  and 
Zamora,  eastern  Ecuador;  idem,  I.e.,  27,  p.  144,  1859 — Pallatanga. 

Tyranniscus  flavifrons  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  58,  1859 — New 
Granada  =  Bogota. 

Tyrannulus  flavidifrons  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  69,  1860 — Pallatanga, 
western  Ecuador. 

Tyranniscus  flavidifrons  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  216,  1862 — Palla- 
tanga and  Bogota. 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  216,  1862 — part,  spec, 
a-c,  e,  Zamora,  Gualaquiza,  Pallatanga,  Bogota;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 

•  Material  examined. — Bolivia,  Yungas  of  La  Paz:  Yungas  (types)  2,  Chaco  17, 
Omeja  i,  Sandillani  i,  Songo  4.  Peru:  Chuhuasi  i. 

b  Tyranniscus  bolivianus  viridissimus  SCLATER:  According  to  F.  M.  Chapman 
(I.e.)  "easily  distinguished  from  T.  b.  bolivianus  by  its  much  yellower  coloration, 
particularly  of  the  under  parts." 

I  am  rather  doubtful  as  to  the  validity  of  this  race  since  the  single  specimen  from 
Idma  examined  is  much  like  some  of  the  Bolivian  birds. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  473 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  842 — Ecuador,  Bogota,  Sierra  of  Ocana;  WYATT,  Ibis, 
P-  333 — Herradura,  Pirico,  and  Naranjo,  Santander;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1875,  p.  234 — Sierra  Nevada  of  Me'rida;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p. 
513 — Retire,  Concordia,  and  Santa  Elena,  Colombia;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e., 
1882,  p.  19 — Huambo  and  Chirimoto,  Peru;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  259,  1884 — 
Huambo,  Chirimoto,  Ray-Urmana,  Peru;  BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  301, 
1884 — Bucaramanga;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1883, 
P-  555 — Chimbo;  idem,  I.e.,  1884,  p.  296 — Cayandeled;  idem,  I.e.,  1885, 
p.  90 — Mapoto;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  135,  1888 — part,  spec, 
a-p,  s,  Chirimoto,  Gualaquiza,  Zamora,  Pallatanga,  Sarayacu,  "Jima," 
"Pasto,"  Concordia,  Bogota,  Me'rida;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487,  1898 — 
part,  Chimbo;  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  8,  1899 — part,  spec,  a,  Rio  Zamora. 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  chrysops  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  454, 
1917 — Los  Cisneros,  Puerto  Valdivia,  Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Gallera, 
Ricaurte,  Rio  Frio,  La  Sierra,  Miraflores,  Santa  Elena,  near  San  Agustin,  La 
Palma,  Fusugasuga,  Aguadita,  Honda,  Buenavista,  and  Villavicencio,  Colom- 
bia. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  Peru  (depts.  Amazonas 
and  Loreto),  Ecuador  (eastern  slope,  and  west  of  the  Andes  as  far  north 
as  the  Chimbo  Valley  and  Pallatanga),  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta 
region),  and  western  Venezuela  (Andes  of  Tachira  and  Me'rida)1*. 

4:  Peru  (Poco  Tambo,  southeast  of  Chachapoyas  i);  Colombia 
(La  Sierra,  Central  Andes,  Cauca  2);  Venezuela  (Colon,  Tachira  i). 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  albigularis   Chapman*.    WHITE-THROATED  TY- 

RANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  albigularis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  138,  p.  i,  1924 — 
Esmeraldas,  northwestern  Ecuador. 

Tyrannulus  chrysops  (not  of  SCLATER  1858)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  93, 
1860 — Nanegal. 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  216,  1862 — part,  spec, 
d,  Nanegal;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487,  1898 — part,  Paramba,  Prov. 

a  Specimens  from  the  Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia  (Bogota,  Bucaramanga)  and 
western  Venezuela  (Tachira  and  Me'rida)  agree  in  size  and  coloration  with  two  topo- 
types  from  Zamora.  Two  from  the  Central  Andes  (La  Sierra)  and  two  others  from 
western  Ecuador  (Pallatanga  and  Cayandeled)  average  slightly  larger  and  have  the 
frontlet  rather  brighter  yellow,  but  the  variation  is  too  slight  to  warrant  the  recogni- 
tion of  a  separate  race  flavidifrons.  Five  skins  from  San  Pablo,  Prov.  Tuqueres,  in 
color,  closely  approach  albigularis.  Four  Peruvian  examples  (Huambo  2,  Huaya- 
bamba  i,  Poco  Tambo  i)  again  differ  from  all  the  rest  by  the  broader  as  well  as  deeper 
yellow  frontlet  and  superciliary  streak.  More  satisfactory  material  is  required  to 
establish  any  possible  local  races. 

b  Tyranniscus  chrysops  albigularis  CHAPMAN:  Very  close  to  T.  c.  chrysops,  but 
yellow  markings  on  the  head  paler;  under  parts  less  yellowish,  the  throat  almost 
white,  the  breast  more  purely  gray. 

Material  examined. — Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  6;  Santo  Domingo  5,  Guana - 
cillo  5,  Gualea  4,  Rio  Peripa  i,  Intac  2,  Nono  i. 


474  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Esmeraldas;  SALVADOR  i  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362, 
p.  8,  1899 — part,  spec,  b-d,  Gualea  and  Rio  Peripa;  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  704 — Gualea,  Intac,  and  Nono;  MENEGAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  ge"ogr.  Mes.  Arc 
MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  654,  1911 — Santo  Domingo;  L6NNBERG  and  RENDAHL, 
Ark.  Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  74,  1922 — road  to  Gualea  and  road  to  Nanegal. 

Tyranniscus  parvus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901,  p.  704 — Santo 
Domingo  and  Guanacillo  (spec,  examined). 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador,  from  Esmeraldas  south 
to  Province  of  Guayas  (Naranjo). 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  minimus    Chapman*.    LESSER  GOLDEN-FACED 

TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  minimus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  31,  p.  153, 
1912 — Minca,  Santa  Marta  district;  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  14,  p.  371,  1922 — La  Concepcion,  San  Francisco,  Minca,  Don  Diego, 
Pueblo  Viejo,  and  Chirua  (crit.). 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  (not  of  SCLATER)  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  1880,  p.  124 — 
Minca;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  135,  1888 — part,  spec,  q,  r,  Minca, 
Sierra  of  Santa  Marta;  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  175,  1898 — 
Palomina;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,  1900 — Minca. 

Tyranniscus  chrysops  chrysops  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  191,  p.  9,  1925 — 

Cuchivano  and  San  Antonio,  Bermudez. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  region) 
and  northeastern  Venezuela  (State  of  Bermudez). 

^Tyranniscus  viridiflavus  (Tschudi)b.  TSCHUDI'S  TYRANNULET. 

Elaenia  viridiflava  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  274,  1844 — Peru;  idem, 
Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  160,  pi.  9,  fig.  2,  1846 — " coast  region  of  Peru,"  errore 
(type  in  Neuchatel  Museum  examined). 

•  Tyranniscus  chrysops  minimus  CHAPMAN:  Exactly  like  T.  c.  chrysops,  as  far  as 
color  is  concerned,  but  somewhat  smaller.  Wing  (male)  50-53,  (female)  45K-47I 
tail  44-46^,  (female)  38^-40;  bill  8. 

Three  specimens  from  Bermudez  agree  with  two  Santa  Marta  birds  in  size,  but 
average  slightly  paler  green  above  and  more  yellowish  on  the  abdomen.  The  wing 
measures  in  the  males  50^2,  resp.  52,  in  the  female  45 ^4,  and  if  size  is  made  the  cri- 
terion for  the  separation  of  minimus,  they  have  to  be  placed  with  this  form,  and  not 
with  chrysops. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Minca  i,  Santa  Marta  i.  Venezuela,  Bermu- 
dez: Los  Palmales  i,  Quebrada  Secca  i,  La  Tigrera  i. 

b  Tyranniscus  viridiflavus  (TSCHUDI)  :  Nearly  allied  to,  and  probably  conspecific 
with,  T.  chrysops,  but  crown  more  slaty;  frontal  edge  and  superciliaries  much  paler, 
light  chalcedony  yellow  instead  of  bright  citron  yellow;  back  brighter  green;  under 
parts  barium  yellow  instead  of  pale  grayish.  Wing  54-60,  (female)  52-53;  tail  46-52, 
(female)  41-44;  bill  9. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  unspecified  (the  type)  i;  Garita  del  Sol,  Vitoc  i; 
San  Emilio,  Vitoc  i;  Pozuzo,  Huanuco  i;  Vista  Alegre,  Huanuco  7. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  475 

Tyranniscus  frontalis  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ibis,  (6)  6,  p.  390,  1894 — 

Garita  del  Sol  and  San  Emilio,  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin  (type  examined) ;  idem, 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  363,  pi.  14 — same  localities. 
Tyranniscus  viridiflavus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  p.  536 — Paltay- 

pampa  and  Amable  Maria;  idem,  Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  261,  1884 — same  localities; 

BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  u,  1905  (crit.,  range). 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  central  Peru,  in  depts.  Hudnuco  (Vista 
Alegre,  Pozuzo)  and  Junin  (Paltaypampa,  Amable  Maria,  San  Emilio, 
Garita  del  Sol). 

7:    Peru  (Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Hudnuco  7). 

Tyranniscus  gracilipes  gracilipes  Sclater  and  Salvin*.   SLENDER-FOOTED 
TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  gracilipes  SCLATER  and  SALVIN.  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  981 — Pebas, 
Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  843 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  279 — Chamicuros 
and  Pebas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  614 — Simacu,  Bolivia;  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Per.,  2,  p.  260,  1884 — Pebas  and  Chamicuros;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 
— Roraima,  British  Guiana  (spec,  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus., 
14,  p.  133,  pi.  ii,  fig.  2,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-j,  1,  Simacu,  Pebas,  "Venezuela," 
Roraima,  Rio  Negro;  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  43,  1902 — 
Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  I.e.,  17,  p.  293,  1910 — 
S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto,  and  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  (crit.);  CHERRIE,  Mus. 
Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  228,  1916 — Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco;  CHUBB, 
Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  183,  1921 — Mount  Roraima. 

Myiopatis  pusilla  ?  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  106, 
1868 — part,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Icanna,  and  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  in 
Vienna  Museum  examined). 

Range :  Eastern  Peru  (Pebas,  Chamicuros) ;  northern  Brazil  (upper 
Rio  Madeira  and  Rio  Negro);  northern  Bolivia  (Salinas,  Rio  Beni); 
southern  Venezuela  (Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco) ;  British  Guiana  (Roraima). 

Tyranniscus  gracilipes  cinereicapillus  (Cabanis)*.    ASHY-CAPPED  TY- 
RANNULET. 

•  Tyranniscus  gracilipes  SCLATER  and  SALVIN:  Superficially  resembling  T.  acer, 
but  without  trace  of  white  frontal  edge;  auriculars  greenish  olive  instead  of  grayish 
brown;  malar  region  and  cheeks  yellowish  instead  of  white;  throat  but  slightly  paler 
yellow  (not  at  all  white)  than  the  belly;  chest  bright  olive  yellow,  not  grayish  white, 
flammulated  with  yellowish;  size  on  average  smaller. 

Birds  from  different  countries  show  slight  variations,  but  before  a  good  series  of 
fresh  skins  from  the  type  locality  becomes  available,  it  would  be  hazardous  to  attempt 
any  subdivision  of  the  species.  An  adult  bird  from  Salinas,  Bolivia  is  much  deeper 
yellow  underneath  than  a  number  of  skins  from  the  Rio  Madeira,  while  specimens 
from  Roraima  and  the  Rio  Negro  differ  again  by  duller  greenish  back  and  slenderer 
bill. 

Material  examined. — Brazil,  Rio  Negro:  Barcellos  i,  Marabitanas  i,  Rio 
Iganna  i.  Rio  Madeira:  S.  Isabel,  Rio  Preto  2,  Maroins,  Rio  Machados  i.  Bolivia: 
Salinas,  Beni  i.  Venezuela:  Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco  i.  British  Guiana:  Roraima  4. 

b  Tyranniscus  gracilipes  cinereicapillus  (CABANIS):  Closely  similar  to  T.  g. 
gracilipes,  but  mandible  dark  reddish  instead  of  blackish;  slaty  cap  extended  over 


476  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Phyllomyias  cinereicapilla  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  21,  p.  67,  1873 — Monterico, 
Dept.  Ayacucho,  Peru  (type  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined). 

Phyllomyias  cinereocapilla  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lend.,  1874,  P-  53^ — Mon- 
terico; idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  251,  1884 — Monterico. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  central  Peru  in  depts.  Junin  (Chancha- 
mayo)  and  Ayacucho  (Monterico). 

*Tyranniscus  acer  Salvin  and  Godman.   GUIANA  TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  acer  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  i,  p.  206,  1883 — Bartica  Grove 
and  Camacusa,  British  Guiana  (types  examined);  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  294 — 
Bartica,  Camacusa,  Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  133,  1888 — 
same  localities;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26, 
No.  2,  p.  23,  89,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Para  (crit.);  BEEBE,  Zoologica  (N.  Y.),  2, 
p.  89,  1916 — Para;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  183,  1921 — Bartica, 
Anarica  River,  Roraima,  Camacusa. 

Myiopatis  pusilla  ?  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  106, 
1868 — part,  Barra  do  Rio  Negro  =  Manaos  (spec,  examined). 

Tyranniscus  gracilipes  (not  of  SCLATER  and  SALVIN)  LA  YARD,  Ibis,  1873,  p.  382 — 
Para;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  133,  1888 — part,  spec,  k,  m,  Oyapoc, 
Para;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Paris,  10,  p.  117,  1904 — Mahury, 
French  Guiana;  BERLEPSCH,  Nov.  Zool.,  15,  p.  135,  318,  1908 — Oyapoc  and 
Mahury,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  527,  1908 — Arum- 
atheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  412,  1914 — Pard, 
Mosqueiro,  Providencia,  Peixe-Boi,  Rio  Guama  (Sao  Miguel),  Rio  Tocantins 
(Cameta,  Baiao,  Arumatheua),  Maraj6  (Santa  Ana),  and  Rio  Jamundd 
(Faro) ;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  76,  1918 — vicinity 
of  Paramaribo. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  northern  Brazil  (on 
the  north  bank  from  Maraj6  west  to  Manaos;  south  of  the  Amazon, 
from  the  Tocantins  east  to  western  Maranhao)". 

2:    Brazil,  Maranhao  (Tury-assu  i,  Cod6,  Cocos  i). 

the  nape;  throat  suffused  with  white;  size  apparently  somewhat  larger.  Wing  (female) 
52,  53;  tail  44>£,  45K;  bill  8}4,  9. 

In  addition  to  the  type,  I  have  examined  a  second  female  secured  by  C.  O. 
Schunke  in  May,  1904,  at  Chanchamayo,  in  collection  of  Tring  Museum.  It  agrees  in 
every  particular,  except  that  the  type,  owing  to  its  having  originally  been  preserved 
in  alcohol,  is  paler  throughout. 

The  validity  of  this  race  requires  corroboration  by  a  series,  and  it  is  not  impossible 
that  cinereicapillus,  on  direct  comparison,  might  prove  to  be  the  same  as  T.  gracilipes 
(type  from  Pebas),  in  which  case  the  eastern  form  would  have  to  be  rebaptized. 

a  Specimens  from  Brazil  appear  to  agree  with  the  Guianan  ones  and  certainly 
belong  to  T.  acer  and  not  to  7".  gracilipes. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Bartica  Grove  3,  Rio  Carimang  i,  Ouru- 
mee  i.  French  Guiana:  Mahury  i.  Dutch  Guiana:  near  Paramaribo  3.  Brazil: 
Manaos  i,  Para  i,  Peixe-Boi,  Para  i;  Miritiba  i,  Tury-assu  i,  Cod6,  Cocos,  Maran- 
hao i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  477 

Genus  OREOTRICCUS  Richmond*. 

Oreomyias  (not  of  REICHENOW  1902)  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  491,  1907 — type  by 
orig.  desig.  Pogonotriccus  plumbeiceps  LAWRENCE. 

Oreotriccus  RICHMOND,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  28,  p.  180,  1915 — new  name  for 
Oreomyias  BERLEPSCH,  preoccupied. 

*Oreotriccus  plumbeiceps  (Lawrence).    PLUMBEOUS-CROWNED  TYRAN- 

NULET. 

Pogonotriccus  plumbeiceps  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  267, 
1869 — Bogota;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  99,  1888 — part,  spec,  a, 
Bogota. 

Tyranniscus  plumbeiceps  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885, 
p.  90 — Machay,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
I.e.,  1896,  p.  363 — La  Gloria  and  Garita  del  Sol,  Peru  (spec,  examined). 

Oreomyias  plumbeiceps  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  491,  1907  (crit.). 

Oreotriccus  plumbeiceps  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  446,  1917 
— Las  Lomitas,  San  Antonio,  Gallera  (Western  Andes),  Miraflores,  Salento, 
La  Candela  (Central  Andes),  Colombia;  idem,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  92,  1921 — Idma,  above  Santa  Ana,  Urubamba  Valley,  Peru. 

Range:  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa 
Marta  range),  Ecuador  (Machay),  and  Peru,  south  to  depts.  Junin 
(Chanchamayo  and  Vitoc  valleys)  and  Cuzco  (Idma,  Urubamba  Val- 
ley)1'. 

2:     Peru  (Huachipa,  Dept.  Huanuco  2). 

Genus  TYRANNULUS  Vieillot. 

Tyrannulus  VIEILLOT,  Analyse  nouv.  Orn.  £!<§m.,  p.  31,  1816 — type  by  monotypy 
"Roitelet-M£sange"  BUFFON  =  Sylvia  elata  LATHAM. 

*Tyrannulus  elatus  elatus  (Latham).  YELLOW-CROWNED  TYRANNULET. 

Sylvia  elata  LATHAM,  Ind.  Orn.,  2,  p.  549,  1790 — based  on  Daubenton,  PI.  enl. 
708,  fig.  2,  Cayenne. 

Tyrannulus  reguloid.es  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  10,  p.  521,  Aug.  1888 — 
Diamantina,  near  Santarem  (type  examined);  RIKER  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  7, 
p.  270,  1890 — Diamantina  (crit.). 

•  Oreotriccus  RICHMOND  is  nearly  related  to  Tyranniscus,  but  differs  by  more 
roundish  nostrils  and  proportionately  much  longer  tail  (equal  to,  or  very  little 
shorter  than  the  wing). 

b  Peruvian  specimens  generally  have  the  throat  more  extensively  whitish  and^the 
yellow  wing  markings  rather  more  conspicuous  than  those  from  Colombia^and 
Ecuador. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  6,  Las  Cruces  [  =  San  Antonio],  Western 
Andes  i.  Ecuador:  Machay  i.  Peru:  Huachipa,  Dept.  Hudnuco  2;  Garita^del 
Sol,  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin  i;  La  Gloria,  Chanchamayo,  Dept.  Junin  i. 


478  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Pipra  elata  SPIX,  Av.  Bras.,  2,  p.  7,  pi.  8a,  fig.  2,  1825 — Para. 

Tyrannulus  elatus  VIEILLOT  et  OUDART,  Galerie  Ois.,  i  (2),  p.  93,  pi.  71,  1823 
— Guiana;  CABANIS  in  SCHOMBURGK,  Reisen  Brit.  Guiana,  3,  p.  702,  1848 — 
Cayenne  and  Brazil;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  23,  p.  150,  1855 — Bogota; 
SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1866,  p.  188 — upper  Ucayali;  idem,  I.e.,  1867,  p. 
751 — Chyavetas;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  978 — Pebas;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  279 — upper 
Ucayali,  Chyavetas,  Pebas,  Peru;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  106,  1868 — Borba 
(Rio  Madeira),  Rio  Xie"  and  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  (spec,  examined);  TACZA- 
NOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1882,  p.  19 — Yurimaguas;  idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  256, 
1884 — upper  Ucayali,  Chyavetas,  Pebas,  Yurimaguas,  Moyobamba;  SALVIN, 
Ibis,  1885,  p.  294 — Bartica  Grove;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  128, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-1,  Amazonia,  Pebas,  Oyapock,  Bartica  Grove,  Bogota; 
BERLEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  37,  p.  302,  1889 — Yurimaguas;  BERLEPSCH  and  HAR- 
TERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  42,  1902 — Altagracia,  Nericagua,  and  Maipures,  Rio 
Orinoco,  and  Suapure,  Caura,  Venezuela;  MENEGAUX,  Bull.  Mus.  Hist.  Nat. 
Paris,  10,  p.  117,  1904 — Mahury,  French  Guiana;  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  2.  KL 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  22,  No.  3,  p.  640,  1906 — part,  excl.  Panama  (crit.);  idem, 
Nov.  Zool.,  14,  p.  47,  1907 — Teffe',  Rio  Solimoes;  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  135, 
1908 — Cayenne,  Oyapock,  French  Guiana;  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  281,  1907 — Santarem;  SNETHLAGE,  Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  502,  1908 — Goyana, 
Rio  Tapaj6z;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  526,  1908 — Arumatheua  and  Alcobaca,  Rio  To.- 
cantins;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  292,  1910 — Borba,  Rio  Madeira; 
idem,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  89,  1912 — 
Para;  SNETHLAGE,  Bol.  Mus.  Goeldi,  8,  p.  412,  1914 — Para,  Providencia, 
Rio  Guama  (Sao  Miguel),  Rio  Tocantins  (Alcobaca,  Arumatheua),  Monte 
Alegre,  Rio  Tapaj6z  (Santarem,  Goyana,  Pimental),  Rio  Jamunda  (Faro); 
CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  181,  1921 — Bartica,  Anarica  River,  Mt. 
Roraima,  Camacusa. 

Tyrannulus  elatus  reguloides  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  792, 
1907 — part,  Peruvian,  Brazilian,  and  Venezuelan  references  and  localities; 
CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  453,  1917 — part,  La  Morelia, 
Colombia. 

Tyrannulus  elatus  elatus  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  228,  1916 — 
Orinoco  region;  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  62,  p.  76,  1918 — 
vicinity  of  Paramaribo. 

Range:  French,  Dutch,  and  British  Guiana;  Venezuela  (Orinoco- 
Caura  basin,  and  forest  region  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo  in  states  of 
Trujillo  and  Zulia) ;  northern  Brazil,  south  to  the  Madeira  and  Punis 
Rivers,  east  to  western  Maranhao;  eastern  Colombia  (Rio  Caqueta) 
and  northeastern  Peru8. 

8  Specimens  from  the  lower  Amazon  (reguloides)  are  perfectly  identical  with 
others  from  the  Guianas  and  Peru,  nor  am  I  able  to  separate  by  any  character  four 
skins  from  the  heavily  forested  region  south  of  Lake  Maracaibo. 

Material  examined. — French  Guiana:  Cayenne  5.  British  Guiana:  Bartica 
Grove  i.  Brazil:  Para  4;  Santarem  i;  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  2;  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro 
5;  Teffe1,  Rio  Solimoes  i.  Peru:  Yurimaguas  i,  Iquitos  i,  Moyobamba  i.  Colombia: 
"Bogota"  5.  Venezuela:  La  Ceiba,  Trujillo  2;  Cat atumbo  River,  Zulia  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  479 

8:  Venezuela  (La  Ceiba,  Trujillo  2;  Catatumbo  River,  Zulia  2); 
Brazil  (Utinga,  near  Para  i;  Rosario,  Maranhao  i);  Peru  (Yurimaguas 
i,  Moyobamba  i). 

^Tyrannulus  elatus  panamensis  Thayer  and  Bangs*.    WESTERN  YEL- 
LOW-CROWNED TYRANNULET. 

Tyrannulus  reguloides  panamensis  THAYER  and  BANGS,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
46,  p.  218,  1906 — Savanna  of  Panama. 

Tyrannulus  elatus  (not  of  LATHAM)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  24,  p.  141,  1856 — 
David;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Remedies,  Colombia;  BER- 
LEPSCH,  Journ.  Orn.,  32,  p.  300,  1884 — Bucaramanga ;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit. 
Mus.,  14,  p.  128,  1888 — part,  spec,  m-p,  Bogota,  Bucaramanga,  Remedios, 
Paraiso;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  31,  1888 — 
part,  Panama  and  Colombia;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool. 
Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  8,  1899 — Balzar,  Ecuador;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  148,  1900 — Bonda;  HALLINAN,  Auk,  41,  p.  319,  1924 — 
Gorgona,  Panama. 

Tyranniscus  elatus  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  147 — David. 

Tyrannulus  elata  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Pambilar  and  San  Javier, 
Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador. 

Tyrannulus  reguloides  (not  of  RIDGWAY)  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  362,  igoi — Divala, 
Chiriqui. 

Tyrannulus  elatus  reguloides  (not  of  RIDGWAY  1888)  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  794,  1907 — part,  Panama,  Colombia  and  Ecuador  ref- 
erences and  localities;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  453, 
1917 — part,  Quibdo,  Buenaventura,  Barbacoas,  Puerto  Valdivia,  Cali,  Rio 
Frio,  Calamar,  and  Honda,  Colombia;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad., 
1918,  p.  269 — Toro  Point,  Panama. 

Tyrannulus  elatus  panamensis  TODD  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14, 
P-  373.  1922 — Mamatoco,  Don  Diego,  and  Dibulla,  Santa  Marta  region  (crit.). 

Range:  Panama  (from  Chiriqui  eastwards);  Colombia  (Pacific 
coast ;  Santa  Marta  district ;  Cauca  and  Magdalena  valleys) ;  and  western 
Ecuador  (south  to  Balzar,  Prov.  Guayas). 

i :    Colombia  (Barbacoas,  Narifio  i). 

•  Tyrannulus  elatus  panamensis  THAYER  and  BANGS:  Closely  similar  to  T7e. 
elatus,  but  slightly  larger,  with  heavier  bill;  under  parts  brighter  yellow,  less  shaded 
with  greenish  on  chest  and  sides;  back  somewhat  brighter  greenish.  Wing  (male) 
51-54,  (female)  48-51;  tail  39-42- 

I  quite  agree  with  Mr.  Tbdd  that,  if  any  distinction  be  made,  birds  from  west  of 
the  Andes  should  be  ranged  with  panamensis  to  which  three  examples  from  Ecuador 
must  also  be  referred.  A  series  from  Bucaramanga  likewise  belongs  to  this  bright- 
colored  race  which  is,  furthermore,  common  in  native  Bogotd  collections.  I  have 
however,  also  seen  typical  elatus  from  Bogota,  these  specimens  having  probably 
been  taken  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Eastern  Andes. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Panama  City  i.  Colombia:  Barbacoas  i; 
Bucaramanga  7,  "Bogota"  30.  Ecuador:  Pambilar  i.  San  Javier  i,  Balzar  i. 


480  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Genus  ACROCHORDOPUS  Berlepsch  and  Hellmayr". 

Acrochordopus  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  26,  Jan.  1905 — 
type  Phyttomyias  subviridis  PELZELN  =  Phyttomyias  burmeisteri  CABANIS  and 
HEINE. 

Idiotriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  210,  Sept.  1905 — type 
Pogonotriccus  zeledoni  LAWRENCE. 

Acrochordopus   burmeisteri   (Cabanis    and    Heine)b.      BURMEISTER'S 
TYRANNULET. 

Phyllomyias  burmeisteri  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  57,  1859 — Brazil 
(type  examined);  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  122,  1888 — Rio  de 
Janeiro  (spec,  examined). 

Phyllomyias  subviridis  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  105,  175,  1868 — Ypanema,  Sao 
Paulo  (type),  Curytiba,  Parand,  and  Rio  de  Janeiro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum 
examined). 

Phyttomyias  berkpschi  (not  of  SCLATER  1887)  SALVADORI,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino, 
12,  No.  292,  p.  15,  1897 — San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy  (type  in  Turin  Museum  ex- 
amined). 

Phyllomyias  brevirostris  var.  salvadorii  (sic)  DUBOIS,  Syn.  Av.,  livr.  4,  p.  238, 
1900 — new  name  for  Phyllomyias  berlepschi  SALVADORI,  preoccupied. 

Idiotriccus  secundus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  29,  p.  96,  1916 — Rio  Surutu, 
Prov.  del  Sara,  Bolivia  (type  examined). 

Phyllomyias  salvadorii  SCLATER,  Bull.  B.  O.  C.,  12,  p.  52,  1902 — Tafi,  Tucuman. 

•  Acrochordopus  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  in  general  appearance,  is  not  unlike 
Xanthomyias  BERLEPSCH,  but  may  be  immediately  recognized  by  its  pycnaspidean 
tarsal  envelope,  with  scutella  on  lower  portion  of  both  acrotarsium  and  planta  tarsi 
roughened  and  subtuberculate,  and  its  much  shorter  tail. 

b  Acrochordopus  burmeisteri  (CABANIS  and  HEINE),  in  style  of  coloration,  bears  a 
strong  resemblance  to  Xanthomyias  v.  virescens,  but  differs  by  lacking  the  two  pale 
yellow  bands  across  the  wing,  only  the  greater  wing-coverts  being  edged  with  olive 
yellow  along  the  outer  webs.  Besides,  the  tail  is  much  shorter  and  the  bill  higher, 
more  compressed  at  base,  and  with  the  culmen  more  strongly  convex,  while  the 
peculiar  tarsal  covering  constitutes  another  striking  character.  Wing  (male)  62-67, 
(female)  60-63;  tail  46-53. 

The  type  of  P.  burmeisteri  in  the  Heine  Collection  which  I  have  recently  compared 
with  two  of  the  original  examples  of  P.  subviridis  and  two  topotypes  of  X.  virescens, 
proves  to  be  a  very  characteristic  example  of  the  first-named  species,  agreeing  in 
proportions  (wing  62;  tail  46),  coloration,  and  tarsal  covering  with  Natterer's  skins. 
When  the  late  Count  Berlepsch  (as  recorded  in  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p.  25,  1905)  many 
years  ago  identified  it  with  Xanthomyias  v.  virescens,  he  was  unaware  of  the  existence 
of  two  closely  similar,  though  genetically  distinct  species  in  southern  Brazil,  and  failed 
to  appreciate  the  significance  of  the  differences,  although  they  were  duly  noted  in  his 
manuscript,  now  in  my  possession. 

Specimens  from  northwestern  Argentina  and  Bolivia  (salvadorii  DUBOIS)  are 
slightly  larger,  but  not  otherwise  different. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro  i,  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo  2,  Yporanga, 
Sao  Paulo  i,  Curytiba,  Parand.  i,  unspecified  (the  type)  i.  Paraguay:  Sapucay  4. 
Argentina:  Tucuman  i,  San  Lorenzo,  Jujuy  i.  Bolivia:  Rio  Surutu,  Prov.  del 
Sara  2. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  481 

Myiopatis  subviridis  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  5,  p.  271,  1902 — Rincao,  Sao 
Paulo. 

Acrochordopus  subviridis  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  p  26, 
i9°5 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sao  Paulo  (Ypanema,  Rincao,  Yporanga),  Parana 
(Curytiba)  (crit.);  IHERING,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i,  p.  279,  1907 — Ypiranga, 
Avanhandava,  and  Bebedouro,  Sao  Paulo,  (?)  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul; 
LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  i,  p.  41,  1909 — Tucuman  (spec,  examined);  CHUBB, 
Ibis,  1910,  p.  583 — Sapucay,  Paraguay  (spec,  examined);  DABBENE,  Anal. 
Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat.,  18,  p.  336,  1910 — Tucuman,  Jujuy,  Salta;  BERTONI, 
Faun.  Parag.,  p.  58,  1914 — Puerto  Bertoni,  Paraguay;  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool., 
21,  p.  172,  1914  (crit.,  meas.,  range). 

Range:  Southeastern  Brazil,  from  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Parand 
(Curytiba) ;  Paraguay  (Sapucay,  Puerto  Bertoni) ;  northwestern  Argen- 
tina (in  prov.  Tucuman,  Salta,  and  Jujuy);  eastern  Bolivia  (Rio 
Surutu,  Prov.  del  Sara,  Dept.  Santa  Cruz). 

Acrochordopus   zeledoni   zeledoni    (Lawrence)*.     ZELEDON'S    TYRAN- 

NULET. 

Pogonotriccus  (?)  zeledoni  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  144, 
March  1869 — Dota  and  Barranca,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  19,  1888 — same  localities;  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl. 
Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  35,  1902 — Boquete,  Chiriqui  (spec,  examined). 

Idiotriccus  zeledoni  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  797,  1907 — 
Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui. 

Range:  Costa  Rica  (Barranca  and  Dota)  and  western  Panama 
(Boquete,  Chiriqui). 

Acrochordopus   zeledoni   leucogonys    (Sclater   and  Salviri).     WHITE- 
FRONTED  TYRANNULET. 

Tyranniscus  leucogonys  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  "1870,"  p.  841, 
pl-  53.  fig-  i»  1871 — Bogota;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  136,  1888 — 
Bogota. 

Tyranniscus  cinereiceps  (not  of  SCLATER)  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1883,  p.  555 — Chimbo,  Ecuador  (see  I.e.,  1885,  p.  90,  sub.  No.  134). 

a  Acrochordopus  zeledoni  zeledoni  (LAWRENCE)  is  no  doubt  conspecific  with 
"Tyranniscus"  leucogonys,  of  Colombia,  but  differs  by  decidedly  smaller  bill,  brighter 
yellowish  green  back,  deeper  yellow  wing  markings,  and  richer  yellow  under  parts, 
with  the  flammulations  on  foreneck  and  breast  more  greenish  and  more  prominent. 
Wing  (female)  60-6 1;  tail  47-48;  bill  8-9. 

Except  for  its  slightly  wider,  shorter  and  more  depressed  bill,  A.  zeledoni  agrees 
in  structure  with  the  genotype.  It  is,  however,  very  different  from  Pogonotriccus 
ophthalmicus,  and  aside  from  structural  characters  (shape  of  bill,  absence  of  rictal 
bristles,  tarsal  envelope)  may  be  recognized  by  its  flammulated  chest  and  the  absence 
of  the  black  semilunar  patch  on  the  auriculars. 

Material  examined. — Panama:  Boquete  2, 


482  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Acrochordopus  leucogonys  BERLEPSCH  and  HELLMAYR,  Journ.  Orn.,  53,  P-  26, 

1905  (crit.). 
Acrochordopus  zeledoni  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 

Hist.,  36,  p.  451,  1917 — Buenavista,  above  Villavicencio,  Colombia  (crit.). 
Range :    Tropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (Buenavista,  above  Villavicen- 
cio; Bogota),  Ecuador  (Chimbo),  and  Peru  (Marcapata,  Dept.  Cuzco)». 

Genus  MICROTRICCUS  Ridgwayb. 

Microtriccus  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  18,  p.  210,  1905 — type  Tyrannulus 
semiflavus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN. 

Microtriccus  semiflavus  semiflavus   (Sclater  and  Salvin).    YELLOW- 
BELLIED  TYRANNULET: 

Tyrannulus  semiflavus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  300,  1860 — 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz,  Guatemala;  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  8, 
p.  182,  1867 — Greytown,  Nicaragua;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  129, 
1888 — Vera  Paz  and  Choctum,  Guatemala;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol. 
Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  32,  pi.  36,  fig.  i,  1888 — Teapa  in  Tabasco  (Mexico), 
Choctum  (Guatemala),  and  Greytown  (Nicaragua);  RICHMOND,  Proc.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  16,  p.  505,  1893 — Rio  Escondido,  Nicaragua. 
Ornithion  semiflavum  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  492,  1907. 

Microtriccus  semiflavus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  791,  1907 — 
from  southern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica  (monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 
Mus.,  6,  p.  673,  1910 — Pozo  Azul  de  Pirris,  El  General  de  Terraba,  Boruca, 
Pacific  Costa  Rica. 

Microtriccus  semiflavus  semiflavus  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  303,  1907 — Boruca. 
Range:    Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco,  and 
Chiapas),  through  Guatemala,  Honduras,  and  Nicaragua  south  to  the 
Pacific  lowlands  of  Costa  Ricac. 

*Microtriccus  semiflavus  brunneicapillus  (LawrenceY-   BROWN-CAPPED 

TYRANNULET. 

•A  single  adult  male  from  Marcapata,  alt.  3000  ft.,  April  9,  1900,  secured  by 
Otto  Garlepp  (Berlepsch  Collection)  hardly  differs  from  a  series  of  Bogotd  skins  by 
slightly  darker  crown  and  more  greenish  chest,  while  a  female  from  Chimbo,  accord- 
ing to  a  note  communicated  by  the  late  Count  Berlepsch,  is  smaller  (wing  55^2, 
against  59-65 ;  tail  40^3,  against  43-47)  than  any  other  example  examined  by  him. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  "Bogotd"  (including  the  type)  10,  Buenavista  i. 
Peru:  Marcapata  i. 

b  While  agreeing  with  Mr.  Ridgway  that  this  genus  is  quite  distinct  from  Orni- 
thion and  Tyrannulus,  I  am  not  prepared  to  follow  this  author  in  transferring  it, 
along  with  some  other  groups,  to  the  family  of  Cotingidae.  See  also  Todd,  Ann. 
Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  322,  1922. 

"Material  examined. — Guatemala:  Vera  Paz  2.  Honduras:  San  Pedro  Mts. 
(male,  Feb.  5,  1892,  H.  W.  Wittkugel)  i.  Costa  Rica:  Boruca  i. 

d  Microtriccus  semiflavus  brunneicapillus  (LAWRENCE)  :  Differs  from  M,  s.  semi- 
flavus by  larger  bill,  sooty  brown  (instead  of  slate  color)  pileum,  more  white  on  fore- 
head, somewhat  shorter  superciliary  streak,  and  lighter  greenish  auriculars. 

A  specimen  from  Darien  (C.  Viguier,  in  coll.  Paris  Museum)  seems  to  agree  with 
others  from  Costa  Rica,  while  a  single  male  from  Paramba  is  slightly  duller  green 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  483 

Tyrannulus  brunneicapillus  LAWRENCE,  Ibis,  4,  p.  12,  1862 — Panama  =  Lion 
Hill;  idem,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  7,  p.  473,  1862 — Lion  Hill;  SCLATER 
and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  359 — Lion  Hill  (crit.);  LAWRENCE,  Ann. 
Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  in,  1868 — Angostura,  Costa  Rica;  SCLATER,  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  129,  1888 — Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GODMAN, 
Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  32,  1888 — Costa  Rica  (Angostura)  and 
Panama  (Lion  Hill). 

Ornithion  brunneicapillum  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487,  1898 — Paramba, 
Ecuador  (spec,  examined) ;  BERLEPSCH,  Ornis,  14,  p.  492,  1907. 

Microtriccus  brunneicapillus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  792, 
1907 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6, 
p.  673,  1910 — Jimenez,  Guacimo,  and  El  Hogar,  Caribbean  Costa  Rica 
(habits). 

Microtriccus  brunneicapillus  brunneicapillus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  36,  p.  452,  1917 — Alto  Bonito  and  Buenaventura,  Pacific  coast,  and 
Puerto  Berrio,  lower  Magdalena,  Colombia. 

Range:  Caribbean  slope  of  Costa  Rica,  south  through  Panama  and 
Colombia  (Pacific  coast;  Magdalena  Valley;  "Bogota")  to  northwestern 
Ecuador  (Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas). 

i:    Costa  Rica  (Turrialba  i). 

Microtriccus  semiflavus  dilutus  Todd*.    VENEZUELAN  BROWN-CAPPED 

TYRANNULET. 

Microtriccus  brunneicapillus  dilutus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  171, 
1913 — Las  Quiguas,  Carabobo,  Venezuela;  idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Car- 
negie Mus.,  14,  p.  370,  1922 — La  Tigrera,  Don  Diego,  and  Dibulla,  Santa 
Marta  region. 

Microtriccus  brunneicapillus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  164,  1912 — San  Esteban,  Venezuela. 

Range:  Caribbean  coast  of  northwestern  Venezuela  (San  Esteban 
and  Las  Quiguas,  State  of  Carabobo)  and  northern  Colombia  (Santa 
Marta  district). 

Genus  ORNITHION  Hartlaub. 

Ornithion  HARTLAUB,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  35,  1853 — type  Ornithion  inerme  HART- 
LAUB. 

above  and  paler  yellow  below.  A  Bogotd  skin  in  the  Berlepsch  Collection  has  the 
under  surface  even  paler  and  can  hardly  be  distinguished  from  a  topotype  of  M.  s. 
dilutus. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Turrialba  2.  Panama:  Lion  Hill  2,  Darien  i. 
Colombia:  Bogotd  i.  Ecuador:  Paramba  i. 

a  Microtriccus  semiflavus  dilutus  TODD:  Exceedingly  close  to  M.  s.  brunneicapillus, 
but  perhaps  distinguishable  by  paler  yellow  under  parts,  with  more  white  on  the  chin 
and  less  greenish  shading  on  the  sides  of  the  chest.  Wing  (female)  45;  tail  25^. 

The  single  specimen  from  San  Esteban  examined  by  me  does  not  permit  any  con- 
clusion as  to  the  validity  of  this  race.  According  to  Todd  and  Carriker  (I.e.),  birds 
from  Santa  Marta  are  likewise  referable  to  it. 


484  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 
Ornithium  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  57,  1859 — emendation. 

Ornithion  inerme  Hartlaub*.   HARTLAUB'S  TYRANNULET. 

Ornithion  inerme  HARTLAUB,  Journ.  Orn.,  i,  p.  35,  1853 — South  Am  erica  =  Bahia; 
SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1873,  P-  577 — Guiana  (crit.);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  293 — Bartica  Grove,  Brit.  Guiana;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  125, 
1888 — Bartica  and  Carimang  River  (British  Guiana),  Oyapock  (French 
Guiana),  Sarayacu  (Ecuador);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9, 
p.  42,  1902 — Suapure,  Caura  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  15,  p.  136, 
320,  1908 — Oyapock  and  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni,  French  Guiana;  SNETHLAGE, 
Journ.  Orn.,  56,  p.  526,  1908 — Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins;  idem,  Bol.  Mus. 
Goeldi,  8,  p.  412,  1914 — Para,  Rio  Guamd  (Santa  Maria  do  Sao  Miguel),  Rio 
Tocantins  (Arumatheua);  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci.  Bull.,  2,  p.  227, 
1916 — Maipures,  Orinoco,  and  Suapure,  Caura;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana, 
2,  p.  179,  1921 — Kamakabra  Creek,  Bartica,  and  Camarang  River. 

Myiopatis  pusilla  (?)  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  106, 
1868 — part,  No.  837,  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro,  and  Bahia  (spec,  in  Vienna 
Museum  examined). 

Range:  French  and  British  Guiana;  southern  Venezuela  (Suapure, 
Rio  Caura;  Maipures,  Rio  Orinoco);  eastern  Ecuador  (Sarayacu); 
northern  Brazil,  from  the  Rio  Negro  (Marabitanas)  and  the  Tapaj6z  to 
Para,  south  to  Bahia. 

Genus  LEPTOPOGON  Cabanis. 

Leptopogon  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  275,  1844 — type  by  subs,  desig. 
(GRAY,  1855)  Leptopogon  super ciliaris  TSCHUDI. 

Leptopogon  super  ciliaris  albidiventer  Hellmayrb.   WHITE-BELLIED  LEP- 
TOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  albidiventer  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  305, 
1918 — Quebrada  onda,  Yungas  of  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 

•  A  very  characteristic  species  on  account  of  its  strongly  defined  white  supraloral 
streak,  slate  gray  cap,  and  double-banded  wings.  Specimens  from  different  localities 
show  certain  variation  which  may  be  either  seasonal  or  racial. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  3;  Benevides  3,  Arumatheua,  Rio  Tocantins 
i;  Santarem  i,  Apacy  i,  Miritituba  i,  Villa  Braga,  Rio  Tapaj6z  i;  Marabitanas, 
Rio  Negro  i.  French  Guiana:  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  i,  Pied  Saut,  Oyapock  i. 
Venezuela:  Suapure,  Caura  i. 

b  Leptopogon  superciliaris  albidiventer  HELLMAYR  :  Similar  to  L.  s.  superciliaris, 
but  wing-bands  white  to  pale  primrose  yellow  (instead  of  buff  yellow  to  ochraceous 
buff);  under  parts  much  paler,  the  throat  being  whitish,  the  chest  pale  grayish  in- 
stead of  olivaceous,  and  the  abdomen  yellowish  white  or  pale  Naples  yellow;  arillars 
and  under  wing-coverts  pale  yellowish  instead  of  buff.  Wing  (male)  68-72,  (female) 
63-67;  tail  62-68,  (female)  58-64;  bill  12-13. 

Birds  from  Marcapata  agree  with  a  Bolivian  series,  but  average  perhaps  slightly 
more  yellowish  on  the  abdomen. 

Material  examined. — Bolivia:  Quebrada  onda  2,  Omeja  i,  Chaco  i,  Cillutincara 
i,  Songo  2.  Peru:  Marcapata  4. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR.  485 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  613 — Carguarani,  Yungas  of  La  Paz;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  2,  p.  85,  1889 — Yungas;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  115, 
1888 — part,  spec,  h,  "Kawarani,"  Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN, 
Ornis,  13,  p.  86,  1906 — Idma,  Urubamba  Valley ;  HARTERT  and  GOODSON, 
Nov.  Zool.,  24,  p.  413,  1917 — Santo  Domingo  and  Caradoc,  Marcapata, 
southeastern  Peru. 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  subsp.  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  113, 
1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata  (crit.). 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  superciliaris  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117, 
p.  94,  1921 — Idma,  Urubamba  Valley. 

Range:  Bolivia  (Yungas  of  La  Paz  and  Cochabamba)  and  south- 
eastern Peru  (Marcapata;  Carabaya;  Urubamba  Valley). 

*Leptopogon  superciliaris  superciliaris  Tschudi*.    GRAY-CAPPED  LEP- 
TOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  275,  1844 — Peru; 
idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  161,  pi.  10,  fig.  2,  1846 — fringes  of  the  forests  of 
central  Peru,  we  suggest  Montana  of  Vitoc,  Dept.  Junin;  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  26,  p.  71,  1858 — Rio  Napo;  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1870,  p.  197 — Calovevora 
(Veragua),  Bogaba  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui;  TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  P-  536 — 
Monterico,  Paltaypampa,  Ropaybamba;  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  19 — Huambo; 
idem,  Orn.  PeY.,  2,  p.  246,  1884 — Peruvian  localities;  idem  and  BERLEPSCH, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  89 — Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B. 
Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  115,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-e,  h-m,  Costa  Rica,  Calovevora 
(Veragua),  Chiriqui,  Sarayacu,  Rio  Napo,  Bogota,  Huambo;  SALVIN  and 
GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  24,  1888 — part,  excl.  Bolivia; 
BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  363 — La  Merced, 
Chanchamayo;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  51,  p.  306,  1899 — vicinity 
of  Bogota;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  465,  1907 — part, 
excl.  western  Ecuador  and  Bolivia;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  710, 
1910 — Guayabo,  Carrillo,  El  General,  Costa  Rica;  FERRY,  Field  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.  Pub.,  Orn.  Ser.,  i,  p.  267,  1910 — Guayabo,  Costa  Rica. 

•  In  opposition  to  L.  5.  albidiventer  and  L.  s.  venezuelensis,  this  form  shows  con- 
siderable variation  in  the  color  of  the  wing  bands,  and  every  shade  between  cream 
buff  and  light  ochraceous  tawny  is  represented  in  our  series  from  Huanuco.  A 
specimen  from  Chanchamayo  (which  we  may  take  for  typical  superciliaris)  agrees 
in  coloration  of  under  parts  with  birds  from  Huanuco  and  northwards,  being  much 
more  deeply  colored  than  the  pale-bellied  albidiventer,  from  Marcapata. 

I  dp  not  see  my  way  of  separating  the  birds  of  eastern  Ecuador  and  Colombia. 
The  wing  bands  in  Bogotd  skins  are  even  more  variable,  and  the  palest  extreme 
closely  matches  venezuelensis.  The  majority,  however,  cannot  be  told  from  the 
Peruvian  average.  I  am  not  so  certain  of  the  identity  of  the  Costa  Rican  form. 
Our  only  example  differs  from  any  South  American  skin  by  brighter  green  back  and 
less  slaty,  more  olivaceous  head.  Mr.  Bangs,  however,  with  ten  from  Costa  Rica 
and  five  from  Colombia  before  him  declares  them  to  be  indistinguishable. 

Material  examined. — Costa  Rica:  Guayabo  i.  Colombia:  Bogotd  6,  N6vita  i. 
Ecuador:  Machay  i.  Peru:  Huambo  2,  Rioja  i,  Huachipa,  Huanuco  7,  Vista 
Alegre,  Huanuco  2,  La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Junin  i. 


486  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Leptopogon  poliocephalus  CABANIS  and  HEINE,  Mus.  Hein.,  2,  p.  55,   1859 — 

"New  Granada"  =  Bogota. 
Leptopogon  auritus  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  *34 — Amable  Maria, 

Dept.  Junin;  idem,  I.e.,  p.  536 — Amable  Maria,  Pumamarca,  Ropaybamba; 

idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  19 — Ray-Urmana. 
Leptopogon  superciliaris  poliocephalus  HELLMAYR,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1132 — 

part,  N6vita,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  449, 

1917 — Alto  Bonito,   Dabeiba,   Peque,   Cocal,   Miraflores,   Buena vista,  and 

Villavicencio,  Colombia;  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — Perico, 

Peru. 
Idiotriceus  zeledoni  (errore)  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  672,  1910 — 

Carrillo  and  Las  Mesas,  Costa  Rica  (fide  W.  E.  C.  Todd  in  litt.). 

Range:  Tropical  and  Subtropical  Zone  of  Costa  Rica,  Veragua, 
Colombia  (except  southwestern  section),  eastern  Ecuador,  and  Peru, 
south  to  Dept.  Junin. 

ii :  Costa  Rica  (Guayabo  i);  Peru  (Rioja  i;  Huachipa,  Dept. 
Huanuco  7;  Vista  Alegre,  Dept.  Huanuco  2). 

Leptopogon   superciliaris  transandinus    Berlepsch  and    Taczanowski*. 

TRANSANDEAN  LEPTOPOGON. 
Leptopogon  superciliaris  transandinus  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S. 

Lond.,  1883,  p.  553 — Chimbo,  Ecuador  (type  examined);  MENEGAUX,  Miss. 

Serv.  g£ogr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  Equat.,  9,  p.  654,  1911 — Gualea  and  Santo 

Domingo. 
Leptopogon  superciliaris  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  28,  p.  69, 

1860 — Pallatanga;  idem,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  115,  1888 — part,  spec,  f, 

g,  Balzar  and  Pallatanga;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — Paramba, 

Prov.  Esmeraldas  (spec,  examined). 
Leptopogon  transandinus  SALVADOR!  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 

No.  362,  p.  7,  1899 — Rio  Peripa,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 
Leptopogon  superciliaris  poliocephalus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  HELLMAYR, 

P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1132 — part,  San  Pablo. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador  and  extreme  south- 
western Colombia  (San  Pablo,  Prov.  Tuqueres). 

*Leptopogon  superciliaris  venezuelensis  Hartert  and  Goodsonb.   VENE- 
ZUELAN LEPTOPOGON. 

•  Leptopogon  superciliaris  transandinus  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI:  Very 
close  to  L.  s.  superciliaris,  but  pileum  darker,  more  blackish,  with  less  white  on  the 
forehead;  size  somewhat  smaller.  Wing  (male)  64-68,  (female)  60-62;  tail  58-61, 
(female)  52-54;  bill  12-13. 

The  specimen  from  San  Pablo,  on  reexamination,  proves  to  be  identical  in  colora- 
tion with  others  from  Ecuador,  but  is  slightly  larger. 

Material  examined. — Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Paramba  2,  Lita  i ;  Chimbo  4, 
Rio  Peripa  i.  Colombia:  San  Pablo,  Prov.  Tuqueres  i. 

b  Leptopogon  superciliaris  venezuelensis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON:  Nearly  allied  to 
L.  s.  superciliaris,  but  wing  bands  paler,  primrose  yellow  (never  ochraceous) ;  lower 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  487 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  venezuelensis  HARTERT  and  GOODSON,  Nov.  Zool.,  24, 
p.  413,  1917 — Cumbre  de  Valencia,  above  Puerto  Cabello,  Carabobo,  Vene- 
zuela. 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  PHELPS  and  CHAPMAN,  Auk,  14, 
P-  365,  369,  1897 — Caripe",  Bermudez;  ROBINSON,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  24, 
p.  173,  1901 — San  Julian,  near  La  Guaira;  CHERRIE,  Mus.  Brookl.  Inst.,  Sci. 
Bull.,  i,  p.  361,  1908 — Carenage  and  Aripo,  Trinidad. 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  poliocephalus  (not  of  CABANIS  and  HEINE)  HELLMAYR 
and  SEILERN,  Arch.  Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  78,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia. 

Range:  Caribbean  coast  of  Venezuela  (from  Bermudez  to  Cara- 
bobo) and  Island  of  Trinidad. 

3:    Venezuela  (Caracas  i,  Macuto,  Caracas  2). 

Leptopogon  nigrifrons  Salvin  and  Godman*.     BLACK-FRONTED   LEP- 
TOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  nigrifrons  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Ibis,  (5)  2,  p.  446,  1884 — Roraima, 
British  Museum  (type  in  British  Museum  examined);  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885, 
p.  293 — Roraima;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  119,  1888 — Roraima. 

Range :     Mount  Roraima  in  British  Guiana. 

*Leptopogon    amaurocephalus    amaurocephalus     Tschudi.      BROWN- 
CAPPED  LEPTOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  (CABANIS  MS.)  TSCHUDI,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  162, 
footnote,  1846 — Sao  Paulo,  Brazil;  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  104,  1868 — 
Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba  (Parana),  and  Goyaz;  REINHARDT,  Vidensk. 
Medd.  naturhist.  Foren.,  1870,  p.  349 — Sete  Lagoas  (Minas  Geraes),  Franca 
(Sao  Paulo),  and  Rio  de  Janeiro;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  117, 
1888 — part,  spec,  a-d,  Ypanema,  Bahia,  "Pelotas,  Rio  Grande  do  Sul," 
Pernambuco;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  4,  p.  334,  1892 — Chapada, 
Matto  Grosso;  IHERING,  Rev.  Mus.  Paul.,  3,  p.  190,  1899 — Iguap£,  Sao 
Paulo;  idem,  I.e.,  4,  p.  230,  1900  (egg  descr.);  idem,  Cat.  Faun.  Braz.,  i, 
p.  277,  1907 — Iguap6,  Ubatuba,  Sao  Sebastiao,  Alto  da  Serra,  Itatiba,  Avan- 
handava,  Itapura  (Sao  Paulo),  Ourinho-  (Parana),  Ilha  Grande  (Rio  de 
Janeiro),  Porto  Cachoeiro  (Espirito  Santo),  Puerto  Bertoni  (Paraguay); 

parts  paler  yellow,  with  less  greenish  suffusion  on  foreneck.   Wing  65-68,  (female) 
61-66;  tail  60-64,  (female)  56-62;  bill  12-13. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Hills  of  Quebrada  Secca,  Bermudez  2,  Caripe", 
Bermudez  i;  Caracas  i,  Macuto,  Caracas  2,  Loma  Redonda,  north  of  Caracas  2; 
San  Esteban  i,  Cumbre  de  Valencia,  Carabobo  2.  Trinidad:  Aripo  (Cave  Mountain, 
2000  to  2250  ft.  alt.)  9. 

s  Leptopogon  nigrifrons  SALVIN  and  GODMAN:  Allied  to  L.  superciliaris,  but  with 
a  broad  black  band  across  the  forehead;  under  parts  grayish  white,  faintly  tinged 
with  yellowish  on  flanks  and  tail-coverts;  wing  bands  pale  yellow  as  in  L.  s.  vene- 
zuelensis. 

This  bird,  known  from  a  single  adult  female  in  the  British  Museum,  is  probably 
conspecific  with  L.  superciliaris. 


488  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

LILLO,  Apunt.  Hist.  Nat.,  I,  p.  26,  1909 — Ledesma,  Jujuy  (spec,  examined); 
CHUBB,  Ibis,  1910,  p.  582 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  WETMORE,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  133,  p.  326,  1926 — Las  Palmas,  Chaco. 

Hapalocercus  plumbeipes  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  123,  Jan.  1901 — Asun- 
ci6n,  Paraguay. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  icastus  OBERHOLSER,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  14, 
p.  187,  Dec.  1901 — Sapucay,  Paraguay;  idem,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  25, 
p.  138,  1902 — Sapucay. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  var.  icastus  DABBENE,  Anal.  Mus.  Nac.  Hist.  Nat. 
B.  Aires,  18,  p.  332,  1910 — Alto  Parana,  and  Ledesma,  Jujuy. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  plumbeipes  BERTONI,  Faun.  Parag.,  p.  56,  1913 — 
Alto  Parana;  idem,  El  Hornero,  i,  p.  190,  1918  (nest  and  egg  descr.). 

Range:  Brazil,  from  Maranhao  and  Pernambuco  south  to  Matto 
Grosso  and  Santa  Catharina;  Paraguay;  northern  Argentina  (Misiones, 
Chaco,  and  Jujuy) ;  and  eastern  Bolivia  (Dept.  Santa  Cruz)a. 

6:  Brazil  (Uruciim  de  Corumba,  Matto  Grosso  i;  Sao  Antonio, 
Goyaz  i;  Tranqueira,  Maranhao  i);  Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo  i, 
Buenavista  2). 

^Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  peruvianus  Sdater  and  Salvinb.    PERU- 
VIAN LEPTOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  peruvianus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1867,  p.  757 — Chya- 
vetas,  Peru;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  278— Chyavetas;  TACZANOWSKI,  Orn.  Pe"r., 
2,  p.  248,  1884 — Chyavetas. 

a  I  have  not  seen  enough  material  to  be  certain  that  L.  a.  amaurocephalus,  as 
understood  here,  does  not  require  subdivision.  Specimens  from  Paraguay  (plum- 
beipes BERTONI  =icastus  OBERHOLSER)  appear  to  be  identical  with  a  topotypical 
series  from  Sao  Paulo  and  others  from  Rio  and  Santa  Catharina.  An  adult  male  from 
Jujuy  (Ledesma)  and  five  specimens  from  Bolivia  have  the  crown  less  dusky,  more 
tinged  with  olivaceous,  thus  forming  the  transition  to  peruvianus.  There  is,  however, 
so  much  individual  variation  that  far  more  material  than  I  have  been  able  to  examine 
will  be  needed  for  defining  any  possible  local  races. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Maranhao  i;  Bahia2;  Agua  Suja,  near  Bagagem, 
Minas  Geraes  i ;  Sao  Antonio,  Goyaz  i ;  Urucum,  Matto  Grosso  i ;  Rio  de  Janeiro  2 ;  Sao 
Paulo  (Ypanema,  Victoria,  etc.)  8;  Curytiba,  Parana  i ;  Blumenau,  Santa  Catharina  i. 
Paraguay:  Sapucay  4.  Argentina:  Ledesma,  Jujuy  i.  Bolivia:  Santa  Cruz  2,  Buena- 
vista 2,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  i. 

b  Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  peruvianus  SCLATER  and  SALVIN  :  A  single  adult 
male  from  Samiria  (Rio  Maranon,  Peru)  differs  from  L.  a.  amaurocephalus  by  the 
decidedly  paler  brown  crown  passing  gradually  into  the  darker  green  back,  and  very 
small  size  (wing  60;  tail  50).  Four  birds  from  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana  seem  to  agree 
in  coloration,  but  are  much  larger  (wing  of  male  66^-67^,  female  63^-65;  tail  59, 
(female)  56-58;  bill  13^-15).  Sixteen  Bogota  skins  are  variable  in  size  and  colora- 
tion, some  being  like  those  from  Guiana,  while  others  have  the  cap  very  nearly  as 
deep  brown  as  pileatus.  Our  specimens  from  El  Guayabal  resemble  the  average  from 
Bogota. 

Until  better  series  with  reliable  data  are  available,  it  is,  of  course,  impossible  to 
correctly  interpret  the  significance  of  this  variation. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  489 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1866,  p.  567 — northeastern  Peru  =  Nauta;  idem,  I.e.,  1873,  p.  278 — Nauta; 
TACZANOWSKI,  I.e.,  1874,  p.  535 — Monterico;  SALVIN,  Ibis,  1885,  p.  293 — 
Merume"  Mts.  and  Roraima,  Brit.  Guiana;  CHUBB,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2, 
p.  173,  1921 — same  localities;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36, 
p.  450,  1917 — Chicoral  and  Villa vicencio,  Colombia. 

[Leptopogon  amaurocephalus]  subsp.  peruviana  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14, 
p.  117,  1888 — Chyavetas,  Nauta,  Roraima,  Merume"  Mts. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  peruvianus  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1896,  p.  363 — La  Merced,  Chanchamayo,  Peru. 

Range:  Eastern  Peru  (Nauta,  Samiria,  Chyavetas,  La  Merced); 
(?)  north  to  Colombia  and  east  to  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Merume' 
Mountains). 

2:  Colombia  (El  Guayabal,  ten  miles  north  of  San  Jose*  de  Cucuta, 
Santander  2). 

Leptopogon   amaurocephalus   diversus    Todd*.     SANTA   MARTA   LEP- 
TOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  diversus  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  26,  p.  171, 

1913 — Mamatoco,  Santa  Marta  region;  idem  and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie 

Mus.,  14,  p.  356,  1922 — La  Tigrera,  Mamatoco,  Fundacion,  and  Tucurinca. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

13,  p.  149,  1900 — Bonda. 

Range:     Northern  Colombia  (Santa  Marta  district). 

^Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  faustus   Bangs*.     COSTA  RICAN   LEP- 
TOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  faustus  BANGS,  Auk,  24,  p.  300,  1907 — Boruca, 
Costa  Rica;  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  6,  p.  710,  1907 — Tenorio,  Mira- 
velles,  Costa  Rica  (crit.). 

Leptopogon  pileatus  (not  of  CABANIS)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  116, 

1888 — part,  spec,  g-i,  "Valza"  (Costa  Rica),  Calovevora  (Veragua)  and  San 

*        Pablo  Station  (Panama);  SALVIN  and  GODMAN,  Biol.  Centr.-Amer.,  Aves,  2, 

p.  25,  1888 — part;  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  463,  1907 — 

part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama  references  and  localities. 

Range:    Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (east  to  the  Railroad  line). 
i:    Costa  Rica  (Orosi  i). 

•  Leplopogon  amaurocephalus  diversus  TODD:  This  form  which  we  have  not  seen 
is  described  as  a  pale  littoral  race,  distinguishable  from  both  amaurocephalus  and 
faustus  by  the  lighter  and  more  uniform  coloration  of  the  under  surface. 

b  Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  faustus  BANGS  :  Very  similar  to  L.  a.  pileatus,  but 
back  slightly  lighter  green  and  abdomen  paler,  about  primrose  yellow. 

This  race,  too,  appears  to  me  of  doubtful  validity,  but  having  only  three  speci- 
mens for  comparison  with  two  from  Guatemala  I  am  hardly  in  a  position  to  decide 
the  question. 


490  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

*Leptopogon  amaurocephalus  pileatus    Cdbanis.     GUATEMALAN  LEP- 
TOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  pileatus  CABANIS,  Journ.  Orn.,  13,  p.  414,  1865 — Guatemala;  SCLATER, 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  116,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-e,  Oaxaca  (Mexico)  and 
Choctum,  Vera  Paz  (Guatemala);  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50, 
Part  4,  p.  463,  1907 — part,  Mexican  and  Guatemalan  references  and  lo- 
calities. 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz,  Tabasco,  and 
Chiapas)  and  Guatemala. 

i:    Guatemala  (unspecified  i). 

^Leptopogon  erythrops  Sdater.   RUFOUS-FACED  LEPTOPOGON. 

Tyrannula  rufipectus  (not  Tyrannulus  rufopectus  LESSON  1844)  LAFRESNAYE, 
Rev.  Zool.,  9,  p.  207,  1846 — "Colombie"  =  Bogota  (type  in  Mus.  Comp. 
Zool.  examined). 

Leptopogon  erythrops  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1862,  p.  in — Bogota  (type  in 
British  Museum  examined) ;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  512 — Medellin 
and  Santa  Elena,  Colombia;  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  89 — 
Machay  and  Mapoto,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges. 
Orn.,  4,  p.  184,  1887 — Bogotd;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  119,  pi.  10, 
1888 — Bogotd,  Medellin,  Santa  Elena;  SALVADOR:  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus. 
Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  7,  1899 — San  Jos6,  Ecuador;  CHAPMAN,  Bull. 
Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  450,  1917 — Salento,  Santa  Elena,  La  Palma, 
La  Candela,  Aguadita,  above  Fusugasuga,  Colombia. 

Leptopogon  rufipectus  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  198,  1917  (crit.). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  eastern  Ecuador  and  of  Central  and 
Eastern  Andes  of  Colombia*. 

i:    Colombia  (El  Roble,  Quindio  Andes  i). 

Leptopogon  taczanowskii  Hellmayrb.   TACZANOWSKI'S  LEPTOPOGON. 

Leptopogon  rufipectus  (not  Tyrannula  rufipectus  LAFRESNAYE)  TACZANOWSKI, 
Orn.  Pe"r.,  2,  p.  249,  1884 — Ropaybamba,  and  Ray-Urmana,  above  Chirimoto, 
Peru;  BERLEPSCH  and  TACZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  363 — Maray- 
nioc;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  117,  p.  94,  1921 — Idma  and  San  Miguel 
Bridge,  Urubamba  Valley. 

Leptopogon  taczanowskii  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  13,  p.  198,  1917 — new 
name  for  Leptopogon  rufipectus  TACZANOWSKI,  preoccupied. 

•  Specimens  from  Ecuador  are  somewhat  smaller  (wing  of  males  67^-69,  against 
72-75;  tail  60-62,  against  65-68). 

Material  examined. — Colombia:    Bogota  4,  El  Roble  i.    Ecuador:    Machay  3. 

b  Leptopogon  taczanowskii  HELLMAYR:  Nearly  allied  to  L.  erythrops,  but  foreneck 
and  chest  dull  greenish,  tinged  with  buffy  olive;  throat  grayish;  frontal  edge  and 
sides  of  head  whitish  instead  of  buff,  etc.  Wing  (male)  69^;  tail  64;  bill  n. 

Material  examined. — Peru:   Maraynioc  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  491 

Leptopogon  inca  BANGS  and  PENARD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  35,  p.  225,  1922 — 
new  name  for  Leptopogon  rufipectus  TACZANOWSKI,  preoccupied. 

Range:    Subtropical   Zone  of  eastern  Peru,   from  the  Valley  of 
Huayabamba  south  to  the  Urubamba  region. 


Genus  MIONECTES  Cabanis. 

Mionectes  CABANIS,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  275,  1844 — type  by  orig.  desig. 
Mionectes  poliocephalus  TSCHUDI. 

Mionectes    striaticoUis"    striaticollis     (Lajresnaye    and    D'Orbigny). 
STRIPED-NECKED  MIONECTES. 

Muscicapa  striaticollis  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY,  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 
7,  cl.  2,  p.  51,  1837 — "  Yuracares,"  Bolivia  (type  in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapara  striaticollis  D'ORBIGNY,  Voyage  Ame"r.  me'rid.,  Ois.,  p.  323,  pi.  35, 
fig.  2,  1839 — Yungas  and  "Yuracares." 

Mionectes  striaticollis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1879,  p.  613 — Tilo- 
tilo,  Yungas  of  La  Paz;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  in,  1888 — part, 
spec,  a-c,  Tilotilo,  Bolivia;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13,  p.  112, 
1906 — Huaynapata  (Marcapata)  and  Rio  Cadena. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  striaticollis  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  264, 
1919 — Locotal,  Incachaca,  Yungas,  Dept.  Cochabamba;  idem,  Amer.  Mus. 
Novit.,  118,  p.  10,  1924 — Subtropical  Zone  of  Bolivia  and  southern  Peru 
(Inambari,  Dept.  Puno;  San  Miguel  Bridge  and  Idma,  Dept.  Cuzco);  HELL- 
MAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  180,  1925 — Yuracares  (note  on  type). 

Mionectes  striaticollis  poliocephalus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  117,  p.  93,  1921 — San  Miguel  Bridge  and  Idma  (above  Santa  Ana), 
Urubamba  Valley,  Peru. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Bolivia  (depts.  La  Paz  and  Cocha- 
bamba) and  southeastern  Peru  (depts.  Puno  and  Cuzco) b. 

*Mionectes  striaticollis  poliocephalus  Tschudi0.  TSCHUDI'S  MIONECTES. 

•  In  the  adult  male  of  M.  striaticollis  and  its  races,  the  second  primary  (from 
without)  is  strongly  attenuated  on  its  apical  half,  gradually  decreasing  in  width  and 
terminating  in  an  acuminate  point. 

b  Birds  from  southeastern  Peru,  by  rather  deeper  yellow  abdomen  and  less  dis- 
tinctly streaked  flanks,  slightly  diverge  toward  poliocephalus. 

Material  examined. — 'Bolivia,  Yungas  of  La  Paz:  Chaco  9;  "Yuracares"  (the 
type)  i;  S.  Jacinto,  Dept.  Cochabamba  i.  Peru:  Huaynapata,  Marcapata  i,  Idma, 
above  Santa  Ana  2. 

0  Mionectes  striaticollis  poliocephalus  TSCHUDI  :  Differs  from  M.  s.  striaticollis 
by  the  darker  slate  gray  of  the  head  being  more  or  less  suffused  with  olive  green  on 
hind  crown,  auriculars  and  nape;  darker  gray  throat,  with  much  narrower  whitish 
streaking;  deeper  yellow  abdomen,  with  fewer  streaks  on  the  flanks;  the  absence  of 


492  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mionectes  poliocephalus  TSCHUDI,  Arch.  Naturg.,  10  (i),  p.  275,  1844 — Peru; 
idem,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  148,  pi.  10,  fig.  i,  1846 — wooded  region  of  Peru, 
between  nth  and  iath  deg.  south,  lat.,  we  suggest  Valley  of  Vitoc,  Dept. 
Junin. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZANOWSKI, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  535 — part,  Paltaypampa  (spec,  in  Warsaw  Museum 
examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1879,  p.  233 — Tambillo  (spec,  examined);  idem,  I.e., 
1882,  p.  19 — part,  Chirimoto,  Tamiapampa,  Huambo  (spec,  examined);  idem, 
Orn.  P£r.,  2,  p.  244,  1884 — part,  descr.  adult,  Paltaypampa,  Tambillo,  Chiri- 
moto, Tamiapampa,  Huambo;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  in,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  d,  Tamiapampa;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1896,  p.  362 — part,  Garita  del  Sol,  Puyas-Yacu,  Peru  (spec,  in  Warsaw 
Museum  examined). 

Mionectes  striaticollis  poliocephalus  BANGS  and  NOBLE,  Auk,  35,  p.  454,  1918 — 
Tabaconas;  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  10,  1924 — Utcuyacu, 
Chelpes,  and  Rumicruz,  Dept.  Junin. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  northern  and  central  Peru,  south  to 
Dept.  Junin. 

2:    Peru  (Vista  Alegre  i,  Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  i). 

*Mionectes  striaticollis  columbianus  Chapman*.   COLOMBIAN  MIONEC- 
TES. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  columbianus  CHAPMAN,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  32,  p.  264, 
1919 — Santa  Elena,  Antioquia,  Colombia. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  Cat.  Coll. 
Amer.  Birds,  p.  213,  1862 — part,  Bogota;  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond., 
1879,  p.  512 — Santa  Elena  (eggs  descr.);  TACZANOWSKI  and  BERLEPSCH,  I.e., 
1885,  p.  90 — Mapoto,  Machay,  Banos,  eastern  Ecuador  (spec,  examined); 

white  streaks  on  the  chest;  finally  by  the  blackish  apical  portion  of  the  lower  man- 
dible. 

Certain  individuals  from  the  Dept.  Junin  (topotypical)  form  the  passage  to 
striaticollis  while  others  agree  with  birds  from  more  northern  districts. 

Material  examined. — Dept.  Junin:  Maraynioc  2,  Paltaypampa  2,  Garita  del 
Sol  2.  Dept.  Huanuco:  Vista  Alegre  i,  Chinchao  i.  Northern  Peru:  Tamiapampa 
i,  Huambo  i,  Tambillo  3. 

B  Mionectes  striaticollis  columbianus  CHAPMAN:  Very  similar  to  M.  s.  poliocepha- 
lus, but  plumbeous  of  hind  crown,  auriculars,  sides  of  neck,  and  lower  throat  even 
more  strongly  washed  with  olivaceous. 

This  rather  ill-defined  race  was  originally  compared  with  specimens  from  south- 
eastern Peru,  supposed  to  represent  poliocephalus,  but  which  appear  to  be  referable 
to  typical  striaticollis.  The  points  of  distinction  between  birds  from  Colombia  and 
Ecuador  on  one  side,  and  those  from  northern  Peru  on  the  other,  are  at  best  slight 
average  characters,  a  good  many  examples  being  quite  indistinguishable.  The  case 
is  further  complicated  by  M .  poliocephalus  having  been  based  on  birds  from  Junin 
which  are  sometimes  intermediate  to  striaticollis.  Skins  from  eastern  Ecuador  are 
obviously  identical  with  those  from  Colombia. 

Material  examined. — Colombia:  Bogotd  7,  El  Roble,  Quindio  Andes  2,  Santa 
Elena  i,  La  Candela,  Huila  i.  Ecuador:  Jima  i,  Bafios  i,  Mapoto  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  493 

SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  in,  1888 — part,  spec,  e-k,  Medellin, 
Santa  Elena,  Bogota;  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14, 
No.  262,  p.  6,  1899 — part,  spec,  ex  Pun. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  poliocephalus  (not  of  TSCHUDI)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  23,  p.  74,  1910 — San  Antonio,  Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  448,  1917 — San  Antonio  and  Cerro  Munchique  (Western 
Andes),  La  Manuelita,  Salento,  Santa  Elena,  La  Candela,  near  San  Agustin 
(Central  Andes),  Fusugasugd  (Eastern  Andes). 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Colombia  (except  Santa  Marta  region) 
and  eastern  Ecuador. 

i:    Colombia  (La  Candela,  Huila  i). 

Mionectes  striaticollis  viridiceps  Chapman11.  GREEN-HEADED  MIONEC- 
TES. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  viridiceps  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  118,  p.  9,  1924 — 
above  Zaruma,  Ecuador. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S. 
Lond.,  1859,  p.  144 — Pallatanga;  idem,  I.e.,  1860,  p.  93 — Nanegal;  idem,  Cat. 
Coll.  Amer.  Birds,  p.  213,  1862 — part,  Pallatanga;  BERLEPSCH  and  TAC- 
ZANOWSKI,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1884,  p.  296 — Surupata  and  Chaguarpata  (spec, 
examined);  BERLEPSCH,  I.e.,  1885,  p.  120 — Pallatanga. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1885,  p.  115 — 
Surupata  and  Chaguarpata;  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  112,  1888 — 
part,  spec,  k-m,  Pallatanga;  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  5,  p.  487,  1898 — Chimbo 
(spec,  examined);  SALVADORI  and  FESTA,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No. 
362,  p.  6,  1899 — Rio  Peripa  and  Niebli  (crit.);  GOODFELLOW,  Ibis,  1901, 
p.  704 — part,  San  Nicolas,  Gualea  and  Canzacotab  (spec,  examined);  MENE- 
GAUX,  Miss.  Serv.  gebgr.  Mes.  Arc  MeYid.  fiquat.,  9,  p.  653,  1911 — Santo 
Domingo. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  hederaceus  (not  of  BANGS)  LONNBERG  and  RENDAHL,  Ark. 
Zool.,  14,  No.  25,  p.  73,  1922 — Gualea. 

•  Mionectes  striaticollis  viridiceps  CHAPMAN:  Nearest  to  M.  s.  columbianus,  but 
head  and  throat  entirely  without,  or  with  a  mere  suggestion  of  plumbeous,  the  pileum 
being  green,  just  a  shade  darker  than  the  back,  the  throat  green  with  whitish  or 
yellowish  white  shaft  streaks.  Wing  (adult  male)  70,  (female)  63-64;  tail  52-53, 
(female)  48-51. 

This  interesting  form,  by  the  absence  of  plumbeous  about  the  head,  approaches 
the  type  of  coloration  of  M.  olivaceus.  The  narrowed,  acuminate  second  primary 
(from  without)  of  the  adult  male,  however,  clearly  determines  its  position  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  striaticollis  group.  From  M.  o.  hederaceus,  likewise  found  in  western 
Ecuador,  it  is  readily  distinguished,  in  addition  to  the  differently  shaped  second 
primary,  by  much  brighter  green  back,  conspicuous  ochreous  buff  wing  markings, 
much  deeper  yellow  abdomen,  and  brighter  green  throat  with  narrower,  more 
sharply  defined  streaks. 

Material  examined. — Chaguarpata  i,  Surupata  i,  Chimbo  (1000  ft.)  i,  Gualea  i, 
El  Chiral  2,  above  Zaruma  3,  "Pichincha"  2,  Pallatanga  i,  "Papallacta"  3. 

b  Goodfellow's  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum  are  partly  labelled  "Pichincha," 
others — ^without  question  erroneously — "Papallacta."  One  of  the  "Pichincha" 
examples  is  referable  to  M.  o.  hederaceus. 


494  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Range:  Western  Ecuador  (except  Prov.  Esmeraldas),  chiefly  in  the 
Subtropical  Zone. 

*Mionectes  olivaceus*  olivaceus  Lawrence.    OLIVACEOUS  MIONECTES. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  LAWRENCE,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  9,  p.  in,  1868 — 
Barranca  and  Dota,  Costa  Rica;  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1870,  p.  196 — 
Calovevora,  Chitra,  Boquete  de  Chitra,  and  Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Panama; 
SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  112,  1888 — part,  spec,  a-j,  Costa  Rica, 
Veragua,  Chiriqui,  Lion  Hill,  Panama;  SALVIN  and  GOD  MAN,  Biol.  Centr.- 
Amer.,  Aves,  2,  p.  22,  1888 — part,  Costa  Rica  and  Panama;  BANGS,  Proc. 
New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  35,  1902 — Boquete,  Panama. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  olivaceus  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  461, 
1907 — Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (monog.);  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus., 
6,  p.  711,  1910 — La  Lagunaria  de  Dota,  Cariblanco  de  Sarapiqui,  Carrillo, 
Cerro  de  Santa  Maria,  Azahar  de  Cartago,  La  Hondura,  Juan  Vinas,  Costa 
Rica;  STONE,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1918,  p.  265 — Gatun. 

Range :  Tropical  Zone  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui ; 
Veragua;  Canal  Zone)b. 

2:    Costa  Rica  (Juan  Vinas  i,  unspecified  i). 

*Mionectes  olivaceus  hederaceus  Bangs0.   BANGS'S  MIONECTES. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  hederaceus  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  23,  p.  73,  1910 — 
Pavas  (type)  and  Rio  Bitaco,  Western  Andes  of  Colombia;  HELLMAYR, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1911,  p.  1131 — San  Joaquim  (Bahia  del  Choco)  and  N6vita, 
Colombia;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  36,  p.  448,  1917 — Novita 
Trail,  Juntas  de  Tamana,  San  Jos6,  Los  Cisneros,  Las  Lomitas,  Cocal,  Bar- 
bacoas,  and  Puerto  Valdivia,  lower  Cauca;  BANGS  and  B  ARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus. 
Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  218,  1922 — Mount  Sap6,  Darien;  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus. 
Novit.,  118,  p.  10,  1924 — Mindo,  Naranjo  (Prov.  Guayas),  Las  Pifias,  Alamor 
Range,  Ecuador. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  HARTERT,  Nov.  Zool.,  9,  p.  607,  1902 — 
Lita  and  Paramba,  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  Ecuador  (spec,  examined). 

•  The  adult  male  of  M.  olivaceus  and  its  races  differs  from  the  M .  striaticollis 
group  in  the  shape  of  the  second  primary  (from  without)  which,  instead  of  being 
gradually  attenuated  and  acuminate,  is  conspicuously  expanded  and  rounded  at  the 
tip,  while  there  is  a  long,  deep  subapical  incision  terminated  basally  by  an  abrupt 
notch  on  the  inner  web  of  the  feather. 

b  A  single  specimen  from  Veragua  (Boquete  de  Chitra)  agrees  with  a  series  from 
Costa  Rica  and  three  from  Boquete  (Chiriqui).  No  material  seen  from  the  Canal 
Zone  of  Panama. 

c  Mionectes  olivaceus  hederaceus  BANGS:  Nearest  to  M.  o.  olivaceus,  but  upper 
parts  much  darker,  less  yellowish  green;  pileum  darker;  streaking  of  throat  and 
breast  wider  and  more  pronounced;  abdomen  much  paler  yellow;  pale  basis  to  lower 
mandible  more  distinct. 

Material  examined. — Boca  de  Calima,  Rio  San  Juan  2,  San  Joaquim  2,  N6vita  5, 
Barbacoas  i.  Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Paramba  12,  Bulun  2,  Lita  i,  Cachyjacu 
i;  "Pichincha"  i,  "Quito"  i;  Las  Pifias,  Alamor  Range  i;  Naranjo,  Prov.  Guayas  i. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  495 

Range:  Eastern  Panama  (Tacarcuna,  Mt.  Sapo,  Darien),  south 
through  Pacific  Colombia  (including  the  lower  Cauca  Valley)  to  west- 
ern Ecuador". 

2:    Colombia  (Barbacoas  i);  Ecuador  (Bulun  i). 

Mionectes  olivaceus  pallidus  Chapman*.   PALLID  MIONECTES. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  pallidus  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  33,  p.  177, 
1914 — Buena vista,  above  Villa vicencio,  base  of  Eastern  Andes,  Colombia; 
idem,  I.e.,  36,  p.  448,  1917 — Buenavista. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  eastern  Colombia  (Buenavista,  above 
Villavicencio ;  also  in  native  Bogota  collections). 

*Mionectes  olivaceus  fasciaticollis  Chapman".   PERUVIAN  MIONECTES. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  fasciaticollis  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  67,  p.  9,  1923 — 
Tulumayo,  Vitoc  Valley,  Peru  (type)  and  Zamora,  Ecuador. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  TACZANOWSKid, 
P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1874,  P-  435 — part,  Monterico  (spec,  in  Warsaw  Museum 
examined);  idem,  I.e.,  1882,  p.  19 — part,  Huambo  (spec,  in  Warsaw  Museum 
examined);  idem,  Orn.  Pe>.,  2,  p.  245,  1884 — part,  descr.  "juv.",  Monterico, 
Huambo;  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANNd,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1896,  p.  362 — part, 
"  d"  juv.,"  La  Gloria,  Vitoc  (spec,  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined);  SALVADOR! 
and  FESTAd,  Boll.  Mus.  Zool.  Torino,  14,  No.  362,  p.  6,  1899 — part,  Rio 
Zamora  and  Gualaquiza  (spec,  examined). 

Mionectes  olivaceus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BERLEPSCH  and  STOLZMANN,  Ornis,  13, 
p.  112,  1906 — Huaynapata,  Marcapata  (spec,  in  Warsaw  Museum  examined). 

•  While  apparently  quite  common  in  Prov.  Esmeraldas,  this  species  seems  to  be 
of  rare  occurrence  in  the  more  southerly  districts  of  western  Ecuador.  We  have  seen 
as  yet  only  one  each  from  "Pichincha,  Naranjo,  and  even  as  far  south  as  Las  Pinas 
(Alamor  Range),  Prov.  Loja.  F.  M.  Chapman  records  two  additional  specimens 
from  Mindo. 

b  Mionectes  olivaceus  pallidus  CHAPMAN:  Nearly  allied  to  M.  o.  hederaceus,  but 
the  throat  and  foreneck,  instead  of  being  longitudinally  streaked  with  dull  olive 
green  and  pale  yellow,  are  light  olive  yellow,  irregularly  freckled  and  barred  with  dark 
olive  (not  unlike  M.  o.  galbinus);  the  breast  and  abdomen  deeper  yellow;  the  upper 
parts  brighter  green,  with  the  pUeum  rather  darker,  and  the  ochraceous  markings  on 
the  wing  coverts  as  a  rule  deeper  in  tone.  Wing  (male)  69-71;  tail  53-55. 

Material  examined. — Buenavista  i,  "Bogota"  6. 

0  Mionectes  olivaceus  fasciaticollis  CHAPMAN:  Exceedingly  close  to  M.  o.  pallidus, 
but  pileum  not  so  dark,  almost  uniform  with  the  back,  and  abdomen  generally  some- 
what richer  yellow.  I  cannot  perceive  any  difference  in  the  markings  of  the  throat 
between  this  and  the  preceding  form,  and  feel  rather  doubtful  about  its  validity. 

Material  examined. — Peru:  Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya  2;  Huaynapata,  Marca- 
pata i ;  Monterico,  Ayacucho  i ;  La  Gloria,  Vitoc  i,  San  Ramon,  Junin  i ;  Huachipa  5, 
Chinchao,  Huanuco  i;  Huambo  i.  Ecuador:  Zamora  2,  "Rio  Napo"  i. 

d  The  authors  cited  above  considered  the  specimens  of  M.  o.  fasciaticollis  to  rep- 
resent the  immature  plumage  of  "striaticollis,  as  reexamination  of  their  respective 
material  revealed. 


496  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  pallidus  (not  of  CHAPMAN)  HELLMAYR,  Arch.  Naturg.,  85, 
A,  Heft  10,  p.  51,  1921 — Yahuarmayo,  Carabaya  (crit.). 

Range:  Tropical  and  lower  Subtropical  Zone  of  Peru  (south  to 
Carabaya)  and  eastern  Ecuador. 

7:  Peru  (Huachipa  5,  Chinchao,  Dept.  Huanuco  i;  San  Ramon, 
Dept.  Junin  i). 

Mionectes  olivaceus  galbinus  Bangs':  SANTA  MARTA  MIONECTES. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  galbinus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  3,  p.  85,  1902 — 
La  Concepcion,  Santa  Marta  Mts.,  Colombia;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus. 
Nat.  Hist.,  21,  p.  278,  1905 — Santa  Marta  region;  TODD  and  CARRIKER, 
Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  357,  1922 — Valparaiso  [  =  Cincinnati],  Las  Taguas, 
Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Las  Vegas,  San  Lorenzo,  and  Don  Diego. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  BANGS,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  12,  p.  158, 
1898 — Pueblo  Viejo;  ALLEN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  13,  p.  149,  1900 — 
Minca,  Onaca,  Valparaiso,  and  El  Libano. 

Range :    Subtropical  Zone  of  the  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  Colombia. 

*Mionectes  olivaceus  venezuelensis  Ridgwayb.    VENEZUELAN  MION- 
ECTES. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  venezuelensis  RIDGWAY,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  19,  p.  116, 
1906 — Guacharo,  Bermudez,  Venezuela;  HELLMAYR  and  SEILERN,  Arch. 
Naturg.,  78,  A,  Heft  5,  p.  77,  1912 — Cumbre  de  Valencia  and  Cumbre  Chi- 
quita,  Carabobo;  CHAPMAN,  Amer.  Mus.  Novit.,  191,  p.  9,  1925 — Trinidad, 
Bermudez. 

•  Mionectes  olivaceus  galbinus  BANGS:  Nearest  to  M.  o.  pallidus,  but  upper  parts 
much  brighter  and  more  yellowish  green,  the  pileum  greener;  edges  to  upper  wing 
coverts  less  conspicuous;  lower  surface  much  richer  yellow,  throat  also  more  yellow- 
ish, though  similarly  marked.  Wing  (male)  69-70,  (female)  63-65;  tail  56,  (female) 
50-52. 

Material  examined. — La  Concepcion  i,  El  Libano  i,  Valparaiso  4. 

b  Mionectes  olivaceus  venezuelensis  RIDGWAY:  Somewhat  intermediate  between 
pallidus  and  galbinus;  differing  from  the  former  by  brighter  green  upper  parts,  less 
distinct  wing  markings,  and  deeper  yellow  under  surface;  from  the  latter  by  less 
yellowish  green  back,  duller  crown  and  sides  of  head,  and  decidedly  paler  yellow 
abdomen.  The  throat  is  narrowly  streaked  with  yellowish  rather  than  barred  or 
freckled  with  olive.  Wing  (male)  67-73,  (female)  61-66;  tail  55-60,  (female)  50-54. 

Birds  from  Trinidad  are  identical  with  a  series  from  Bermudez  and  the  Caracas 
region,  while  those  from  MeYida  and  Paramo  de  Tama,  by  the  markings  of  the  throat 
and  more  distinct  buffy  edges  to  the  wing  coverts,  often  show  a  slight  approach  to 
pallidus. 

Material  examined. — Trinidad:  Aripo  (2000  to  2200  ft.)  9.  Venezuela,  Bermu- 
dez: Los  Palmales  5,  Campos  Alegre  Valley  i,  La  Tigrera  i,  hills  of  Quebrada 
Secca  2,  La  Montana  del  Guacharo  i.  Dept.  Federal  Occidental:  Galipan,  Cerro  del 
Avila  1 6,  Lpma  Redonda  7.  Carabobo:  Cumbre  de  Valencia  4,  San  Esteban  i, 
Cumbre  Chiquita  i.  Merida:  El  Valle  4,  Escorial  7,  Lagunillas  i,  El  Pantano  i, 
Merida  4.  Colombia:  Paramo  de  Tama  3. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  497 

Elania  striaticollis  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  LEOTAUD,  Ois.  Trinidad, 
p.  238,  1866 — Trinidad. 

Mionectes  striaticollis  SCLATER  and  SALVIN,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  1868,  p.  628 — San 
Esteban. 

Mionectes  olivaceus  (not  of  LAWRENCE)  SCLATER,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.,  14,  p.  112, 
1888 — part,  spec,  t,  u,  San  Esteban;  CHAPMAN,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

6,  p.  38,  1894 — Trinidad;  PHELPS,  Auk,  14,  p.  365,  1897 — Carip6,  Bermudez. 

Range:  Subtropical  Zone  of  Trinidad  and  northern  Venezuela, 
from  Bermudez  to  the  Colombian  line  (Paramo  de  Tama). 

5:  Venezuela  (Maracay,  Aragua  i;  Nevados,  Me"rida  i);  Colombia 
(Paramo  de  Tama  3). 

Genus  PIPROMORPHA  Gray. 

Pipromorpha  GRAYb,  Cat.  Gen.  Subgen.  Birds,  p.  146,  1855 — type  Muscicapa  olea- 
ginea  LICHTENSTEIN. 

*Pipromorpha  oleaginea  oleaginea  (Lichtenstein) .    OLEAGINOUS  PIP- 
ROMORPHA. 

Muscicapa  oleaginea  LICHTENSTEIN,  Verz.  Dubl.  Berliner  Mus.,  p.  55,  1823 — 
Bahia  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined). 

Muscicapa  chloronotus  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY",  Syn.  Av.,  i,  in  Mag.  Zool., 

7,  p.   51,    1837 — Yuracares,   Bolivia   (types  in  Paris  Museum  examined); 
HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  32,  p.  179,  1925  (crit.). 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  wattacei  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  301,  1919 
— Pard  (type  in  British  Museum  examined). 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  hauxwelli  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  302, 
1919 — Pebas,  Peru  (type  examined). 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  chapmani  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  302, 
1919 — "  Villa vicencio  to  Medina,"  Colombia  (type  examined). 

Mionectes  oleagineus  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  104,  1868 — part,  Engenho  do 
Gama  (Matto  Grosso),  Marabitanas,  Barcellos,  and  Barra  [  =  Mandos],  Rio 
Negro  (spec,  in  Vienna  Museum  examined);  BERLEPSCH,  Zeits.  ges.  Orn.,  4, 
p.  184,  1887 — Bogota  (spec,  examined);  BERLEPSCH  and  HARTERT,  Nov. 

•  This  genus  is  doubtfully  separable  from  Mionectes,  the  only  difference  of  impor- 
tance consisting  in  the  shape  of  the  second  primary  (from  without),  as  correctly 
pointed  out  by  W.  E.  C.  Todd.  This  author  having  presented  us  with  a  thorough 
revision  of  this  group  (Prpc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  173-192,  1921),  it  has  been 
deemed  unnecessary  to  go  into  details  as  regards  synonymy.  Besides  all  original 
descriptions,  only  a  few  references  have  been  quoted,  while  for  a  complete  bibliogra- 
phy the  reader  is  referred  to  Mr.  Todd's  paper. 

b  Pipromorpha  BONAPARTE  (Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  Zool.,  (4)  i,  p.  134,  1854 — ex  SCHIFF 
MS.)  is  a  nomen  nudum. 

0  Muscicapa  chloronotis  (sic)  LESSON  (Traite"  d'Orn.,  p.  392,  1831),  quoted  by 
Lafresnaye  and  D'Orbigny,  is  a  nomen  nudum. 


498  FIELD  MUSEUM  OP  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Zool.,  9,  p.  41,  1902 — Nericagua,  Rio  Orinoco,  and  Suapure,  La  Pricion, 
Nicare,  and  La  Union,  Caura,  Venezuela  (spec,  examined). 

Mionectes  oleagineus  oleagineus  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  17,  p.  292,  1910 — Calama 
and  Jamarysinho,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  reexamined) ;  idem,  Abhandl.  math, 
phys.  Kl.  Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  106,  1912 — Faz.  Nazareth,  Mexiana 
(spec,  reexamined). 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  oleaginea  and  P.  o.  chloronota  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  34,  p.  181,  182,  1921  (monog.). 

Range:  Northern  and  central  Brazil,  south  to  Bahia  and  Matto 
Grosso  (Engenho  do  Gama,  Rio  Guapore") ;  French,  Dutch,  and  British 
Guiana;  Venezuela  (Orinoco-Caura  basin);  eastern  Colombia  (Rio 
Caqueta;  Rio  Putumayo;  Villavicencio ;  "Bogota");  eastern  Ecuador 
(Sarayacu);  eastern  Peru;  northern  and  eastern  Bolivia". 

8:  Brazil  (Sao  Amaro,  Bahia  2;  Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  i;  Serra  da 
Lua,  near  Boavista,  Rio  Branco  i);  Venezuela  (La  Vuelta,  Caura  i); 
Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo  2,  mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio  i). 

^Pipromorpha    oleaginea    pallidiventris    (Hellmayr)b.     PALE -BELLIED 
PIPROMORPHA. 

Mionectes  oleagineus  pallidiventris  HELLMAYR,  Nov.  Zool.,  13,  p.  22,  1906 — San 
Antonio,  Bermudez,  Venezuela  (type);  Caparo  and  Valencia,  Trinidad; 
Castare,  Tobago. 

•  I  am  unable  to  discover  any  tangible  difference  between  ten  specimens  from 
Bahia  (oleagineus)  and  a  considerable  series  from  Amazonia  (chloronotus).  Birds 
from  Upper  Amazonia  (including  the  types  of  chapmani  and  hauxwelli)  appear  to  me 
inseparable  from  others  taken  in  Bolivia  and  on  the  Brazilian  Amazon.  By  reexam- 
ination  of  the  respective  types  I  have  ascertained  that  all  the  names  given  in  the 
above  synonymy  refer  to  the  species  with  ochraceous  apical  edges  to  the  secondaries 
and  upper  wing  coverts. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Bahia  (trade  skins)  7,  Bahia  (the  type)  i,  Sao 
Amaro,  Bahia  2;  Sao  Luiz,  Maranhao  i;  Para  i;  Sao  Antonio  do  Prata,  Para  2; 
Mexiana  2 ;  Manaos  i ;  Barcellos,  Rio  Negro  i ;  Marabitanas,  Rio  Negro  i ;  Calama, 
Rio  Madeira  4;  Engenho  do  Gama,  Matto  Grosso  i.  Bolivia:  Yuracares  (types  of 
M.  chloronotus)  2,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  i,  mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio  i,  Songo  i.  Peru: 
upper  Ucayali  2,  Pebas  2,  Rio  Tigre  i.  Ecuador:  Sarayacu  i.  Colombia:  Cuembi, 
Rio  Putumayo  i,  "Bpgotd"  6,  Villavicencio  to  Medina  i.  Venezuela:  Nericagua  i, 
Caura  5.  British  Guiana  (various  localities)  8. 

b  Pipromorpha  oleaginea  pallidiventris  (HELLMAYR)  :  Closely  similar  to  P.  o. 
oleaginea,  but  somewhat  paler,  less  ochraceous  below,  with  less  olivaceous  shading  on 
throat  and  breast;  upper  parts  on  average  paler  olive  green. 

This  rather  unsatisfactory  race  appears  to  be  restricted  to  the  northeastern  section 
of  Venezuela  and  the  neighboring  islands.  A  large  series  from  Trinidad  is  absolutely 
identical  with  mainland  specimens.  Birds  from  Tobago  do  not  seem  to  be  separable 
either,  only  one  (out  of  five  fresh  skins)  differing  by  slightly  more  greenish  throat  and 
rather  darker  abdomen.  The  types  of  P.  o.  tobagoensis  are  old  soiled  skins,  which 
accounts  for  their  unusually  dark  coloration. 

Material  examined. — Venezuela:  Bermudez  (San  Antonio,  Campos  Alegre,  etc.) 
7.  Trinidad:  Caparo  3,  Carenage  10,  Chaguaramas  i,  Santa  Cruz  i,  Aripo  i. 
Tobago  8. 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  499 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  tobagoensis  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  302, 
1919 — Tobago  (type  examined). 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  pallidiventris  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  185, 
1921  (monog.). 

Range:  Northeastern  Venezuela,  in  State  of  Bermudez  (hinterland 
of  Cumana),  and  the  Islands  of  Trinidad  and  Tobago. 

i :    Tobago. 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  parca  (Bangs)*.   BANGS'S  PIPROMORPHA. 

Mionectes  oleagineus  parcus  BANGS,  Proc.  New  Engl.  Zool.  Cl.,  2,  p.  20,  1900 — 
Loma  del  Leon,  Panama. 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  parca  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  457, 
1907  (monog.);  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  186,  1921  (monog.);  idem, 
and  CARRIKER,  Ann.  Carnegie  Mus.,  14,  p.  358,  1922 — Bonda,  Buritaca, 
Mamatoco,  La  Tigrera,  Las  Vegas,  Minca,  and  Don  Diego,  Santa  Marta 
region;  BANGS  and  BARBOUR,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  65,  p.  218,  1922 — Mt. 
Sap6,  Rio  Esndpe,  and  Jesusito,  Darien. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  northern  Colombia,  south  to  the  Cauca 
and  Magdalena  valleys,  and  eastern  Panama  (Darien;  Panama  Railroad; 
Pearl  Islands). 

*Pipromorpha  oleaginea  pacifica  Toddb.   PACIFIC  PIPROMORPHA. 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  pacifica  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  187,  1921 — 
Bucay,  Guayas,  southwestern  Ecuador. 

Range:  Tropical  Zone  of  western  Ecuador,  from  Esmeraldas  south 
to  Chimbo. 

i:    Ecuador  (Pambilar,  Prov.  Esmeraldas  i). 

^Pipromorpha  oleaginea  dyscola  (Bangs}0.  COSTA  RICAN  PIPROMORPHA. 

•  Pipromorpha  oleaginea  parca  (BANGS)  differs  from  P.  o.  pallidiventris  by  de- 
cidedly paler,  more  buffy  yellow  under  parts,  and  lighter  rump  and  tail. 

Nineteen  specimens  from  Colombia  (Santa  Marta)  and  Panama  examined. 

b  Pipromorpha  oleaginea  pacifica  TODD:  Nearest  to  P.  o.  parca,  but  upper  parts 
brighter,  more  yellowish  green,  the  rump  tinged  with  buffy;  abdomen  still  paler, 
more  yellowish,  less  buffy.  Wing  (male)  65,  (female)  58-60;  tail  52,  (female)  45-47. 

In  the  light-colored  abdomen  this  form  approaches  P.  o.  dyscola,  but  lacks  the 
greenish  tinge  on  throat  and  foreneck,  and  is  much  brighter  green  above  while  the 
larger  upper  wing-coverts  are  distinctly  margined  with  ochraceous. 

Material  examined.— Ecuador,  Prov.  Esmeraldas:  Pambilar  i,  Carondelet  i; 
Chimbo  i. 

0 1  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  the  Central  American  races  are  conspecific 
with  P.  oleaginea.  While  intergradation  is  admittedly  not  complete,  they  agree  in 
possessing  distinct  yellowish  apical  edges  on  the  secondaries,  but  may  be  distinguished 
by  lacking  the  pale  markings  on  the  wing  coverts,  duller  upper  parts,  and  much 
more  greenish  throat. 


500  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

Mionectes  assimilis  dyscolus  BANGS,  Auk,  18,  p.  362,  1901 — Divala,  western 
Panama. 

Pipromorpha  assimilis  dyscola  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4,  p.  455, 
1907 — part,  western  Costa  Rica  and  Panama  (monog.);  TODD,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  188,  1921 — Pacific  slope  of  Costa  Rica  to  Panama  (monog.). 

Range:  Pacific  slope  of  Costa  Rica  and  western  Panama  (Chiriqui; 
(?)  Veragua). 

3:  Costa  Rica  (Boruca  i,  El  General  i);  Panama  (Boquete,  Chiri- 
qui i). 

*Pipromorpha  oleaginea  assimilis  (Sclater).  MEXICAN  PIPROMORPHA. 

Mionectes  assimilis  SCLATER,  P.  Z.  S.  Lond.,  27,  p.  46,  1859 — Cordoba,  Vera  Cruz, 
Mexico. 

Mionectes  semischistaceus  CHERRIE,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  15,  p.  27,  1892 — 
Guayabal,  Costa  Rica  (type  in  U.  S.  National  Museum  examined"). 

(?)  Pipromorpha  assimilis  obscura  DICKEY  and  VAN  ROSSEM,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  38,  p.  133,  1925 — San  Salvador15. 

Pipromorpha  assimilis  assimilis  RIDGWAY,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  50,  Part  4, 
p.  454,  1917 — southern  Mexico  to  Honduras  (monog.);  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  34,  p.  189,  1921 — southern  Mexico  to  eastern  Costa  Rica  (monog.). 

Range:  Southern  Mexico  (in  states  of  Vera  Cruz  and  Tabasco) 
and  south  through  Guatemala,  British  Honduras,  Honduras,  and 
Nicaragua  to  eastern  Costa  Rica. 

8:  Guatemala  (Patulul,  Solola  i,  Coban  i);  Nicaragua  (San  Emilis, 
Lake  Nicaragua  3) ;  Costa  Rica  (El  Hogar  i ,  Siquirres  i ,  Old  Harbor, 
Talamanca  i). 

*Pipromorpha  macconnelli0  macconnelli  Chiibb.    MACCONNELL'S  PIP- 
ROMORPHA. 

•  Mr.  W.  E.  C.  Todd  (I.e.,  p.  191)  is  no  doubt  correct  in  pronouncing  the  type  to 
be  an  abnormally  colored  individual  of  the  ordinary  form  occurring  in  eastern  Costa 
Rica. 

b  The  authors  have  yet  to  prove  that  the  unique  type  represents  anything  more 
than  an  intergrade  between  assimilis  and  dyscola  which  in  many  cases  are  hard 
enough  to  distinguish. 

0  Pipromorpha  macconnelli  chiefly  differs  from  P.  oleaginea  by  lacking  the  buffy 
edges  to  the  wing  coverts  and  inner  secondaries  which,  on  their  exposed  portion,  are 
but  little  duller  (citrine)  than  the  olive  green  back. 

Representatives  of  this  bird,  until  recently  confused  with  its  ally,  are  associated 
with  races  of  P.  oleaginea  throughout  a  large  section  of  its  range.  Unless  regarded  as 
of  specific  value,  the  differences  could  only  be  explained  as  constituting  dimorphic 
forms  of  a  single  systematic  unit.  Against  this  theory,  however,  speaks  the  fact  that 
the  plain-winged  type  (macconnelli)  is  unknown  in  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  Tobago, 
Brazil  north  of  the  Amazon,  Peru,  Ecuador,  and  Colombia. 

The  late  Charles  Chubb,  when  describing  P.  o.  macconnelli,  did  not  realize  the 
significance  of  the  wing  pattern.  An  inspection,  in  the  McConnell  collection,  now 


1927.  BIRDS  OF  THE  AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR.  501 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  macconnelli  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  303, 
1919 — Camacabra  Creek,  British  Guiana  (type  in  British  Museum  exam- 
ined); idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  170,  1921 — part. 

Pipromorpha  macconnelli  macconnelli  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  178, 
1921 — French  and  British  Guiana  and  adjacent  northern  Brazil  (monog.). 

Range:  British  and  French  Guiana  and  adjacent  northern  Brazil 
(upper  Rocana). 

2:    British  Guiana  (Hyde  Park,  Demerara  River  2). 

Pipromorpha  macconnelli  roraimae  Chubb*.    RORAIMA  PIPROMORPHA. 

Pipromorpha  oleaginea  roraimae  CHUBB,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (9)  4,  p.  303, 
1919 — Roraima  (type)  and  Merume"  Mts.,  British  Guiana  (type  examined); 
idem,  Birds  Brit.  Guiana,  2,  p.  172,  1921 — same  localities. 

Range:  Mountain  ranges  of  British  Guiana  (Roraima,  Merume' 
Mts.). 

^Pipromorpha  macconnelli  amazona  Toddb.  AMAZONIAN  PIPROMORPHA. 

Pipromorpha  macconnelli  amazona  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  179,  1921 
— Buenavista,  near  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Bolivia. 

Mionectes  oleagineus  (not  of  LICHTENSTEIN)  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  104,  1868 — 
part,  Borba,  Rio  Madeira  (spec,  examined). 

Mionectes  oleagineus  oleagineus  (errore)  HELLMAYR,  Abhandl.  math.  phys.  Kl. 
Bayr.  Ak.  Wiss.,  26,  No.  2,  p.  22,  1912 — Peixe-Boi,  Para  (spec,  reexamined). 

Range:  Northern  Brazil,  south  of  the  Amazon  east  to  Para,  and 
eastern  Bolivia. 

in  the  British  Museum,  of  the  thirty-two  specimens  referred  to  this  form  disclosed 
that  only  two-thirds  of  the  material  belonged  to  macconnelli,  while  the  remainder 
have  to  be  ranged  under  P.  o.  oleaginea.  Fortunately,  however,  the  marked  type  of 
P.  macconnelli,  from  Camacabra  Creek,  is  an  extremely  characteristic  individual  of 
the  plain-winged  form  to  which  the  name  had  been  applied  by  Mr.  Todd. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana  (including  the  type)  24.  French  Guiana: 
Cayenne  i,  Saint  Jean  du  Maroni  i. 

a  Pipromorpha  macconnelli  roraimae  CHUBB:  Similar  to  P.  m.  macconnelli,  but 
more  richly  colored,  the  back  being  of  a  fresher  olive  green  ,with  the  edges  of  the 
wing-  and  tail-feathers  dull  orange  citrine;  the  abdomen  of  a  deeper,  yellow  ocher 
tinge;  the  throat  and  chest  more  strongly  shaded  with  citrine.  Wing  (male)  63-64, 
(female)  59;  tail  46-51;  bill  11^-13. 

This  intensely  colored  form  evidently  replaces  typical  macconnelli  in  the  moun- 
tainous districts  of  British  Guiana. 

Material  examined. — British  Guiana:  Roraima  (including  the  type)  3,  Merume' 
Mts.  2. 

b  Pipromorpha  macconnelli  amazona  TODD  :  Very  similar  to  P.  m.  macconnelli,  but 
under  parts  brighter,  the  abdomen  light  buffy  orange  yellow,  somewhat  darker  on 
the  crissum. 

Material  examined. — Brazil:  Peixe-Boi,  Pard  i,  Benevides  6,  Ourem  i;  Borba, 
Rio  Madeira  i.  Bolivia:  Buenavista  2,  Rio  Espirito  Santo  i,  Tres  Arroyos  i. 


502  FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY — ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  XIII. 

2:  Bolivia  (Rio  Espirito  Santo,  mouth  of  Rio  San  Antonio  i,  Tres 
Arroyos  i). 

*Pipromorpha  rufiventris  (Cabanis)*.   RUFOUS-BELLIED  PIPROMORPHA. 

Mionectes  rufiventris  CABANIS  in  Tschudi,  Faun.  Peru.,  Aves,  p.  148,  note,  1846 — 
Brazil  (type  in  Berlin  Museum  examined);  PELZELN,  Orn.  Bras.,  2,  p.  104, 
1868 — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Registo  do  Sai  (Rio),  Ypanema  (Sao  Paulo),  Curytiba 
(Parana)  (spec,  examined);  HELLMAYR,  Verh.  Orn.  Ges.  Bay.,  12,  p.  134, 
1915 — Braco  do  Sul,  near  Victoria,  Espirito  Santo  (crit.). 

Muscipeta  chloronotos  (not  of  LAFRESNAYE  and  D'ORBIGNY)  PUCHERAN,  Arch. 
Mus.  Paris,  7,  p.  335,  1855 — Brazil,  coll.  Delalande=Rio  de  Janeiro  (type 
in  Paris  Museum  examined). 

Hemitriscus  barbarenae  BERTONI,  Av.  Nuev.  Parag.,  p.  124,  1901 — Alto  Parand, 
Paraguay. 

Pipromorpha  rufiventris  TODD,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  34,  p.  176,  1921  (monog.). 

Range:  Wooded  region  of  southeastern  Brazil,  from  Espirito  Santo 
and  Rio  de  Janeiro  to  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  adjacent  districts  of 
Paraguay  and  Argentina  (Misiones) b. 

2 :  Brazil  (Sao  Sebastiao,  Sao  Paulo  i) ;  Argentina  (Puerto  Segundo, 
Misiones  i). 

s  Pipromorpha  rufiventris  (CABANIS)  :  Resembling  P.  macconnelli  in  absence  of 
buffy  wing  markings,  but  larger,  particularly  with  longer  tail;  head  all  round  chiefly 
neutral  gray;  back  duller  green;  posterior  under  parts  deeper,  more  cinnamon  color. 
Wing  (male)  67-71,  (female)  63-65;  tail  57-62,  (female)  54-55;  bill  11-13. 

Material  examined. — Espirito  Santo:  Braco  do  Sul  i.  Rio  de  Janeiro:  Rio  4, 
Registo  do  Sai  i.  Sao  Paulo:  Ypanema  2,  Sao  Sebastiao  4.  Argentina:  Puerto 
Segundo,  Misiones  i. 

b  Mionectes  rufiventris  BURMEISTER  (Reise  La  Plata  St.,  2,  p.  453,  1861 — Tucu- 
man),  quoted  by  W.  E.  C.  Todd,  refers  to  Myiotheretes  striaticollis  pallidus  BER- 
LEPSCH. 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

FEB  171333 

UNIVERSIH  Of  JLtmOlS 


INDEX 


Bold-faced  type  denotes  names  adopted  in  this  work. 


abingdoni,  Pyrocephalus 93 

acadica,  Muscicapa 209 

accola,  Elaenia 437 

accola,  Myiopagis 437 

acer,  Tyranniscus 476 

Acrochordopus 480 

acrophila,  Ochthoeca 393 

actiosus,  Myiarchus 175 

acutipennis,  Hapalocercus 362 

acutipennis,  Pseudocolopteryx. . . .  362 

Ada 67 

aequatorialis,  Anaeretes 373 

aequatorialis,  Megalophus 260 

aequatorialis,  Rhynchocyclus.  ...  276 

aequatorialis,  Spizitornis 373 

aequatorialis,  Tolmomyias 276 

aequinoctialis,  Cyclorhynchus. ...  289 

aequinoctialis,  Rhynchocyclus 289 

affinis,  Elaenea 444 

affinis,  Suiriri 444 

affinis,  Tyrannula 212 

agilis,  Euscarthmus 378 

agilis,  Muscicapa 215 

agilis,  Uromyias 378 

agraphia,  Anaeretes 379 

agraphia,  Uromyias 379 

Agriornis i 

albescens,  Pachyrhamphus 442 

albicapilla,  Muscicapa 429 

albicauda,  Agriornis 9 

albicauda,  Dasycephala 9 

albiceps,  Elaenia 412 

albiceps,  Muscipeta 412 

albicuia,  Muscicapa 431 

albicollis,  Contopus 190 

albicollis,  Tyrannus 10,117 

albidiadema,  Ochthoeca 51 

albidiadema,  Setophaga 51 

albifrons,  Hapalocercus 345 

albifrons,  Muscisaxicola 27 

albifrons,  Ptyonura 27 

albigularis,  Empidonax 219 

albigularis,  Tyranniscus 473 

albilora,  Muscisaxicola 23 

albimentum,  Muscisaxicola 30 

albinucha,  Pachyrhamphus 391 

albinucha,  Xenopsaris 391 

albiventer,  Fluvicola 82 

albiventer,  Muscicapa 82,85 

albiventris,  Elainea 415 

albiventris,  Myiornis 338 

albiventris,  Orchilus 338 

albiventris,  Spizitornis 377 

albi vertex,  Elaenia 421 

albocapillus,  Platyrhyncus 262 


albocinereus,  Sirystes 120 

albo-coronata,  Serpophaga 382 

albo-cristatus,  Tyrannulus 382 

albogrisea,  Serpophaga 441 

albogriseus,  Lipaugus 121 

albogriseus,  Sirystes 121 

albogriseus,  Tyrannus 13 

albogularis,  Platyrinchus 268 

albogularis,  Tyrannus 105 

albovittatus,  Coryphotriccus 136 

albovittatus,  Pitangus 137 

alector,  Muscicapa 65 

alectrura,  Muscicapa 65 

Alectrurus 65 

Alectura 65 

alleni,  Pogonotriccus 346 

alnorum,  Empidonax 208 

alpina,  Muscisaxicola 27 

alpina,  Taenioptera 27 

alticola,  Cyanotis 370 

alticola,  Tachuris 369 

altirostris,  Empidochanes 224 

alutus,  Mecocerculus 397 

amaurocephalus,  Leptopogon ....  487 

amazona,  Pipromorpha 501 

amazonicus,  Euscarthmornis 314 

amazonicus,  Euscarthmus 314 

amazonicus,  Myiobius 235 

amazonicus,  Platyrinchus 263 

ambulans,  Tyrannus 98 

amnicola,  Sayornis 57 

Anairetes 370 

analis,  Muscipeta 72 

andecola,  Agriornis 4 

andecola,  Pepoaza •     4 

andina,  Lichenops 79 

andinus,  Empidonax 197 

andrei,  Taeniotriccus 327 

angustifasciata,  Ochthoeca 51 

angustirostris,  Muscicapa 351 

angustirostris,  Phylloscartes 351 

angustirostris,  Sayornis 57 

animosa,  Muscicapa 102 

anthracinus,  Cnipolegus 70 

anthracinus,  Knipolegus 70 

antillarum,  Myiarchus 169 

antillarum,  Tyrannus 169 

Aphanotriccus 233 

apicalis,  Euscarthmus 309 

apicalis,  Myiarchus 180 

Apolites 148 

apolites,  Laphyctes 106 

apolites,  Tyrannus 105 

aquatica,  Sayornis 56 

arausiaca,  Muscicapa 190 


503 


5°4 


INDEX 


ardosiaca,  Tyrannula 200 

ardosiacus,  Myiochanes 200 

arechavaletae,  Elainea 415 

arenacea,  Ochthoeca 224 

arenarum,  Elainea 449 

arenarum,  Sublegatus 449 

arequipae,  Spizitprnis 375 

argentinus,  Empidochanes 218 

argentinus,  Empidonax 218 

Arundinicola 85 

asemus,  Rhynchocyclus 278 

asemus,  Tolmomyias 278 

asilus,  Muscipeta 464 

assimilis,  Mionectes 500 

assimilis,  Myiobius 244 

assimilis,  Pipromorpha 500 

assimilis,  Pyrrhomyias 244 

assimilis,  Rhynchocyclus 275 

assimilis,  Tolmomyias 275 

Atalotriccus 335 

aterrimus,  Knipolegus 69 

atimastus,  Sirystes 120 

atra,  Muscicapa 55 

atra,  Pipra 60 

atrata,  Muscicapa 56 

atricapillus,  Orchilus 339 

atricapillus,  Perissotriccus 339 

atricaudus,  Myiobius 239 

atriceps,  Empidonax 220 

atriceps,  Megastoma 131 

atriceps,  Myiarchus 182 

atriceps,  Tyrannus 55 

atrifrons,  Tyrannus 127 

atripennis,  Fluvicola 84 

atrirostris,  Empidonax 448 

atropurpureus,  Myiarchus 90 

audax,  Muscicapa 122 

audax,  Praedo 234 

Aulanax 55 

aurantiiventris,  Mitrephanes 228 

aurantiiventris,  Mitrephorus 228 

aurantip-atro-cristatus, 

Empidonomus 115 

aurantio-atro-cristatus,  Tyrannus.  115 

aureatus,  Myiobius 237 

aureiventris,  Myiobius 243 

aureiventris,  Myiotriccus 243 

auriceps,  Myiobius. 250 

auricularis,  Myiornis 337 

auricularis,  Platyrhynchos 337 

auriflamma,  Tyrannus 115 

auritus,  Leptopogon 486 

aurora,  Muscicapa 164 

aurulentus,  Rhynchocyclus 285 

aurulentus,  Tohnomyias 285 

australis,  Empidonax 219 

australis,  Myiarchus 177 

australis,  Taenioptera 40 

axillaris,  Empidonax 213 

azarae,  Fluvicola 19 

azarae,  Regulus 368 

azarii,  Alectura 65 


bahamensis,  Blacicus 204 

bahamensis,  Empidonax 204 

bahamensis,  Pitangus 156 

bahamensis,  Tolmarchus 156 

bahiae,  Empidagra 445 

bahiae,  Myiarchus 165 

bahiae,  Stigmatura 380 

bahiae,  Suiriri 444 

bairdi,  Empidonax 214 

bairdi,  Myiodynastes 127 

bairdi,  Saurophagus 127 

bangsi,  Myiarchus 183 

barbadensis,  Elaenia 408 

barbarenae,  Hemitriscus 502 

barbata,  Muscicapa 234 

barbatus,  Myiobius 234 

barbirostris,  Myiarchus 186 

barbirostris,  Tyrannula 186 

bardus,  Craspedoprion 290 

bardus,  Rhynchocyclus 290 

beckeri,  Todirostrum 307 

bellicosa,  Hirundinea 256 

bellicosus,  Tyrannus 256 

bellulus,  Tyrannus 64 

bellus,  Myiobius 248 

bellus,  Myiophobus 248 

bentaveo,  Tyrannus 131 

berlepschi,  Cpnopias 135 

berlepschi,  Mitrephanes 229 

berlepschii,  Myiarchus 168 

berlepschi,  Ochthoeca 45 

berlepschi,  Phyllomyias 465,480 

berlepschi,  Pseudotriccus 340 

berlepschi,  Rhynchocyclus 279 

bicolor,  Muscicapa 81 

bif  asciatus,  Platyrinchus 265 

bimaculata,  Muscipeta 223 

bimaculatus,  Cnemotriccus 222 

Blacicus 204 

blancoi,  Blacicus 206 

blatteus,  Pyrocephalus 92 

Blechropus 67 

bloxami,  Sylvia 371 

bogotensis,  Elaenia 432 

bogotensis,  Habrura 366 

bogotensis,  Myiochanes 195 

bogotensis,  Tyrannula 196 

boisspnneaui,  Tyrannula 41 

boliviana,  Elaenia 406 

boliviana,  Muscicapara 472 

bolivianus,  Empidonax 209 

bolivianus,  Pitangus 153 

bolivianus,  Saurophagus 153 

bolivianus,  Tyranniscus 471 

borbae,  Rhynchocyclus 286 

borbae,  Tolmomyias 286 

borealis,  Tyrannus 189 

boreus,  Myiarchus 159 

brachyptera,  Elaenia 421 

brachyrhynchus,  Contopus 199 

brachyrhynchus,  Myiochanes.  ...  199 

brachytarsus,  Contopus 195 

bracliytarsus,  Empidonax 198 


INDEX 


505 


brachytarsus,  Myiochanes 198 

brachyurus,  Myiarchus 161 

brevicauda,  Muscigralla 95 

brevipennis,  Habrura 365 

brevipennis,  Myiarchus 163 

brevirostris,  Cyclorhynchus 291 

brevirostris,  Elaenia 445 

brevirostris,  Muscicapa 402 

brevirostris,  Muscipeta 445 

brevirostris,  Phyllomyias 464 

brevirostris,  Platyrhynchus 464 

brevirostris,  Rhynchocyclus 291 

brewsteri,  Empidonax 209 

browni,  Elaenia 426 

brunnea,  Muscisaxicola 32 

brunnea,  Pipra 250 

brunneicapillus,  Microtriccus. . .  .  482 

brunneicapillus,  Tyrannulus 483 

brunneicapillus,  Blacicus 206 

brunneiceps,  Myiarchus 183 

brunneifrons,  Ochthoeca 44 

brunneifrons,  Terenotriccus 231 

brunneomarginatus,  Mecocerculus  393 

brunnescens,  Empidonax 216 

brunneus,  Empidonax 216 

budytoides,  Culicivora 379 

budytoides,  Stigmatura 379 

burmeisteri,  Acrochordopus 480 

burmeisteri,  Phyllomyias 480 

byronensis,  Regulus 368 

cabanisi,  Cnemotriccus 224 

cabanisi,  Cnipplegus 73 

cabanisi,  Empidochanes 224 

cabanisi,  Empidonax 224 

cabanisi,  Knipolegus 73 

Caenotriccus 342 

caloptera,  Formicivora 399 

calopterum,  Todirostrum 296 

calopterus,  Mecocerculus 399 

Camptostoma 453 

cana,  Muscipeta 193 

cana,  Serpophaga 386 

cancroma,  Platyrhynchos 266 

cancrominus,  Platyrinchus 269 

canescens,  Empidonax 212 

canescens,  Myiochanes 197 

caniceps,  Elaenia 439 

caniceps,  Euscarthmus 305 

caniceps,  Megarynchus 134 

caniceps,  Todirostrum 305 

caniceps,  Tyrannula 439 

cantans,  Myiarchus 173 

capistrata,  Muscisaxicola 25 

capistrata,  Ptyonura 25 

capitale,  Todirostrum 309 

capitalis,  Aphanotriccus 233 

capitalis,  Myiobius 233 

Capsiempis 354 

caribaea,  Muscipeta 204 

caribaeus,  Blacicus 204 

caribbaeus,  Myiarchus 180 


cariboea,  Tyrannula 205 

carnivorus,  Tyrannus 131 

carolensis,  Pyrocephalus 93 

carolinensis,  Lanius  tyrannus  v  . .    102 

cassinii,  Tyrannus 104 

castelnaui,  Onychorhynchus 259 

caucae,  Camptostoma 460 

caucae,  Phyllomyias 467 

caucensis,  Pitangus 150 

caudacuta,  Culicivora 367 

caudacuta,  Muscicapa 367 

caudata,  Capsiempis 389 

caudata,  Inezia 389 

caudifasciatus,  Tolmarchus 157 

caudifasciatus,  Tyrannus 157 

cayanensis,  Muscicapa 138 

cayanensis,  Myiozetetes 138 

cayennensis,  Muscipeta 138 

caymanensis,  Elaenia 409 

caymanensis,  Pitangus 157 

caymanensis,  Tolmarchus 157 

cearae,  Euscarthmus 321 

cearae,  Phyllomyias 466 

cearae,  Todirostrum 299 

centraUs,  Ochthoeca 49 

Centrites 34 

Centrophanes 33 

cephalotes,  Myiarchus 179 

Ceratotricctts 309 

cervineiventris,  Rhynchocyclus. . .   205 

chapmani,  Pipromorpha 497 

cherriei,  Elaenia 429 

cherriei,  Rhynchocyclus 277 

cherriei,  Tolmomyias 277 

cbilensis,  Elaenia 413 

chilensis,  Ochthoeca 30 

chilensis,  Pitangus i 

chinchorrensis,  Elaenia 407 

chiriquensis,  Elaenia 420 

chlorepiscius,  Myiarchus 164 

chloroleuca,  Phyllooecia 349 

chloronotos,  Muscipeta 502 

chloronotus,  Muscicapa 497 

chloronotus,  Tyrannus 108 

chrysocepbalus,  Myiodynastes .  .  .   127 
chrysocephalus,  Scaphorhynchus .    127 

chrysoceps,  Platyrhynchus 250 

chrysochloris,  Muscicapa 96 

chrysocrotaphum,  Todirostrum. .  .  294 

chrysogaster,  Megarynchus 133 

Chrysolophus 97 

chrysops,  Tyranniscus 472 

chrysops,  Tyrannulus 472 

cinchoneti,  Conopias 135 

cinchoneti,  Tyrannus 135 

cineracea,  Tyrannula 202 

cineraceus,  Myiochanes 202 

cinerascens,  Camptostoma 455 

cinerascens,  Hylophilus 455 

cinerascens,  Myiarchus 160 

cinerascens,  Myiodynastes 129 

cinerascens,  Tyrannula 160 

cinerea,  Elaenia 440 


506 


INDEX 


cinerea,  Muscisaxicola 28 

cinerea,  Serpophaga 385 

cinerea,  Xolmis 10 

canereicapilla,  Phyllomyias 476 

cinereicapillus,  Tyranniscus 475 

cinereiceps,  Cyclorhynchus 280 

cinereiceps,  Tolmomyias 280 

cinereiceps,  Tyranniscus 469 

cinereiceps,  Tyrannulus 469 

cinereicollis,  Euscarthmus 337 

cinereifrons,  Elaenia 442 

cinereigulare,  Oncostoma 310 

cinereigulare,  Todirostrum 310 

cinerescens,  Elaenia 410 

cinereum,  Tpdirostrum 297 

cinereus,  Cnipolegus 77 

cinereus,  Euscarthmus 385 

cinereus,  Leptopogon 385 

cinereus,  Myiochanes 193 

cinereus,  Platyrhynchus 193 

cinereus,  Todus 297 

cinereus,  Tyrannus 10 

cineritius,  Empidonax 213 

cinnamocephala,  Serphophaga 358 

cinnamomea,  Muscipeta 244 

cinnamomea,  Pyrrhomyias 244 

cinnamomeiventris,  Muscicapa. . .  50 

cinnamomeiventris,  Ochthoeca ...  50 

circumcinctus,  Tyrannus 117 

citreola,  Arundinicola 363 

citrina,  Muscipeta 117 

citrinifrons,  Ochthoeca 52 

citrinopygus,  Myiobius 236 

climazura,  Fluvicola 83 

climazura,  Oenanthe 83 

Cnemarchus 38 

Cnemotriccus 221 

Cnipodectes 271 

coalei,  Myiarchus 181 

colUngwoodi,  Rhynchocyclus 285 

colon,  Muscicapa 60 

Colonia 60 

colonus,  Colonia 60 

colonus,  Muscicapa 60 

Colopterus 333 

Colopteryx 333 

coloreum,  Todirostrum 299 

Colorhamphus 400 

columbiana,  Muscisaxicola 27 

columbianus,  Knipolegus 226 

columbianus,  Mionectes 492 

columbianus,  Myiozetetes 143 

columbianus,  Orodynastes 37 

comata,  Muscicapa 67 

Cometornis 329 

commersonii,  Muscicapa 78 

complexa,  Elaenia 409 

congener,  Lophotriccus 331 

connectens,  Myiarchus 184 

connectens,  Pseudomyiobius 341 

connectens,  Pseudotriccus 341 

connivens,  Myiozetetes 142 

Conopias 134 


consobrina,  Ochthoeca 399 

Contopus 190 

cooperi,  Muscicapa 189 

cooperi,  Tyrannula 162 

Copurus 60 

coronata,  Muscicapa 87,258 

coronata,  Xolmis 14 

coronatus,  Onychorhynchus 258 

coronatus,  Platyrinchus 270 

coronatus,  Tyrannus 14 

Coryphotriccus 136 

cotta,  Elaenia 433 

couchii,  Tyrannus 109 

Craspedoprion 287 

crassirostris,  Tyrannus 112 

crinitus,  Myiarchus 159 

crinitus,  Triccus 303 

crinitus,  Turdus 159 

cristata,  Elaenia 419 

cristata,  Motacilla 333 

cristata,  Muscicapa 72 

cristatellus,  Anaeretes 382 

cristatus,  Blechropus 68 

cristatus,  Phyllomyias 467 

cristatus,  Todus 258 

crudelis,  Tyrannus 107 

crypterythrus,  Myiobius 254 

crypterythrus,  Myiophobus 253 

cryptoxanthus,  Myiobius 254 

cryptoxanthus,  Myiophobus 254 

cubensis,  Tyrannus 112 

Culicivora 367 

cunninghami,  Gubernetes 64 

curatus,  Spizitornis 372 

cursoria,  Fluvicola 84 

curtipes,  Tyrannula 193 

curvirostris,  Sitta in 

cuzcoensis,  Spizitornis 376 

cyanicollis,  Sylvia 454 

cyanirostris,  Knipolegus 72 

cyanirostris,  Muscicapa 72 

Cyanotis 368 

Cybernetes 63 

Cyclorhynchus 287 

delicata,  Elaenia 435 

Deltarhynchus 188 

denigratus,  Myiarchus 170 

depressirostris,  Contopus 198 

derbianus,  Pitangus 148 

derbianus,  Saurophagus 148 

Despotes 100 

despotes,  Muscicapa 107 

despotes,  Tyrannus 107 

diadema,  Myiobius 53 

diadema,  Ochthoeca 53 

difficilis,  Empidonax 213 

difficilis,  Guracava 354 

difficilis,  Phylloscartes 354 

dilutus,  Microtriccus 483 

dilutus,  Platytriccus 269 

dinellianus,  Pseudocolopteryx. . . .  360 

diops,  Hemitriccus 343 


INDEX 


507 


diops,  Muscicapa 343 

distinctus,  Coryphotriccus 137 

diversus,  Leptopogon 489 

dominicana,  Muscicapa 85 

dominicana,  Xolmis 13 

dominicanus,  Tyrannus 13 

dominicensis,  Myiarchus.' 169 

dominicensis,  Sayornis 205 

dominicensis,  Tyrannula  stolida, 

var ; 169 

dominicensis,  Tyrannus no 

dorsalis,  Sylvia 34 

dubius,  Pyrocephalus 93 

duncani,  Myiodynastes 126 

Dymonax 102 

dyscola,  Pipromorpha 499 

dyscolus,  Mionectes 500 

ecaudatum,  Todirostrum 338 

ecaudatus,  Perissotriccus 338 

Elaenia 401 

Elainopsis 402 

elata,  Sylvia : 477 

elatus,  Tyrannulus 477 

elegans,  Muscicapa 382,434 

elegans,  Vermivora 371 

eminulus,  Mitrephanes 229 

Empidagra 442 

Empidias 55 

Empidochanes 246 

Empidonax 206 

Empidonomus 112 

Entomophagus 81 

Entotriccus 76 

Eribates 187 

erythrocercus,  Myiarchus 164 

erythronotos,  A[nthusJ 34 

erythrops,  Leptopogon 490 

erythroptera,  Tyrannula 137 

erythropterus,  Lichenops 78 

erythropterus,  Myiozetetes 137 

erythropygia,  Taenioptera 38 

erythropygius,  Cnemarchus 38 

erythrurus,  Myiobius 230 

erythrurus,  Terenotriccus 230 

euleri,  Empidochanes 216 

euleri,  Empidonax 216 

eulophotes,  Lophotriccus 332 

euplastus,  Mecocerculus 398 

Eupsilostoma 345 

Euscarthmornis 311 

Euscarthmus 357 

examinatus,  Rhynchocyclus 277 

exile,  Todirostrum 335 

eximia,  Muscicapa 345 

eximius,  Pogonotriccus 345 

exortivus,  Rhynchocyclus 279 

exortivus,  Tolmomyias 279 

fallax,  Elaenia 429 

fasciata,  Muscicapa 251 

f asciata,  Pipra 465 


f asciaticollis,  Mionectes 495 

fasciatus,  Myiarchus 69 

fasciatus,  Myiophobus 251 

fasciatus,  Phyllomyias 465 

f  austus,  Leptopogon 489 

fernandeziana,  Culicivora 374 

fernandezianus,  Spizitornis 374 

ferocior,  Myiarchus 172 

ferox,  Muscicapa 176 

ferox,  Myiarchus 176 

ferruginea,  Hirundinea 255 

ferruginea,  Tyrannula 250 

ferrugineiceps,  Elainea 248 

ferrugineus,  Todus 255 

filicauda,  Platyrhynchus 60 

finitimum,  Todirostrum 300 

flammiceps,  Muscicapa 250 

flammiceps,  Myiophobus 249 

flammulatus,  Deltarhynchus 188 

flammulatus,  Hemitriccus 344 

flammulatus,  Myiarchus 188 

flaveola,  Capsiempis 355 

flaveola,  Muscicapa 355 

flavescens,  Empidonax 214 

fluviatilis,  Muscisaxicola 33 

flavicans,  Myiobius 246 

flavicans,  Myiophobus 246 

flaviceps,  Megastoma 131 

flavicola,  Capsiempis 357 

flavidifrons,  Tyrannulus 472 

flavifrons,  Todirostrum 296 

flavifrons,  Tyranniscus 472 

flavigularis,  Machetornis 99 

flavigularis,  Platyrinchus 264 

flavimentum,  Tyranniscus 468 

flavinucha,  Muscisaxicola 24 

flavirostris,  Anaeretes 374 

flavirostris,  Spizitornis 374 

flaviventer,  Platyrhynchus 355 

flaviventre,  Camptostoma 460 

flaviventris,  Alecturus 363 

flaviventris,  Blacicus 216 

flaviventris,  Empidonax 207 

flaviventris,  Leptotriccus 349 

flaviventris,  Muscipeta 284 

flaviventris,  Octhoeca 215 

flaviventris,  Pogonotriccus 348 

flaviventris,  Pseudocolopteryx 363 

flaviventris,  Tolmomyias 284 

flaviventris,  Tyrannula 207 

flavi vertex,  Elaenia 433 

flavivertex,  Muscisaxicola 24 

flavocinerea,  Stigmatura 381 

flavo-cinereus,  Phylloscartes 381 

flavogaster,  Elaenia 402 

flavogaster,  Pipra 402 

flavo-olivaceus,  Rhynchocyclus. . .   280 

flavo-olivaceus,  Tolmomyias 280 

flavotectus,  Rhynchocyclus 282 

flavotectus,  Tolmomyias 281 

flavovirens,  Leptopogon 352 

flavovirens,  Phylloscartes 351 

flavus,  Corvus 151 


508 


INDEX 


flavus,  Craspedoprion 290 

flavtis,  Megarynchus 155 

flavus,  Rhynchocyclus 289 

Fluvicola 81 

forficata,  Muscicapa 100 

forficata,  Muscivora 100 

forficatus,  Gubernetes 64 

fortirostris,  Myiarchus 172 

f  ortis,  Agriorms 2 

frantzii,  Elaenia 427 

fraterculus,  Onychorhynchus 261 

frazari,  Contopus 205 

fringillaris,  Empidochanes 222,223 

frontalis,  Muscisaxicola 26 

frontalis,  Ochthoeca 51 

frontalis,  Ptyonura 26 

frontalis,  Sublegatus 445 

frontalis,  Tyranniscus 475 

frontalis,  Tyrannula 51 

fuliginosa,  Muscicapa 190 

fulva,  Alauda 34 

fulviceps,  Euscarthmus 359 

fulvicrissalis,  Agriornis 8 

fulvifrons,  Muscicapa 220 

fulvifrons,  Empidonax 220 

fulvigularis,  Myiobius 232 

fulvigularis,  Terenotriccus 232 

fulvipectus,  Cyclorhynchus 292 

fulvipectus,  Empidonax 212 

fulvipectus,  Rhynchocyclus 292 

fumicolor,  Ochthoeca 44 

fumifrons,  Saxicola 30 

fumifrons,  Todirostrum 303 

fumigata,  Ochthodiaeta 40 

fumigata,  Tyrannula 40 

fumigatus,  Myiochanes 200 

fumigatus,  Sayornis 57 

fumigatus,  Tyrannus 200 

fumosus,  Cnemotriccus 223 

fumosus,  Empidochanes 224 

funebris,  Copurus 61 

furcata,  Muscicapa 106 

furcatum,  Todirostrum 309 

furcatus,  Ceratotriccus 309 

furfurosus,  Myiobius 252 

furfurosus,  Myiophobus 252 

fusca,  Muscicapa 55 

fuscicapilla,  Colonia 61 

fuscicapillus,  Copurus 61 

fuscata,  Muscipeta 222 

fuscatior,  Empidochanes 225 

fuscatus,  Cnemotriccus 222 

fuscicauda,  Ramphotrigon 293 

fusciceps,  Empidonax 221 

fusco-capilla,  Muscicapa 53 

fuscorufa,  Ochthodiaeta 42 

fuscus,  Platyrhynchos 262 

gabbii,  Pitangus 158 

gabbii,  Tolmarchus 158 

gaimardii,  Elaenia 431 

gaimardii,  Muscicapara 431 

galbinus,  Mionectes 496 


galeata,  Motacilla 333 

galeata,  Muscicapa 68 

galeatus,  Colopteryx 333 

Gallita 65 

garretti,  Muscisaxicola 25 

gigas,  Elaenia 418 

glaber,  Sublegatus 448 

gloriosus,  Rhynchocyclus 285 

godmani,  Leptopogon 346 

gossii,  Tyrannula 187 

gracilipes,  Todirostrum 303 

gracilipes,  Tyranniscus 475 

gracilirostris,  Myiarchus 180 

gracilis,  Elainea 422 

gracilis,  Empidonax 210 

granadense,  Todirostrum 318 

granadensis,  Euscarthmornis .  ...  318 

granadensis,  Myiozetetes 145 

grandis,  Myiozetetes 143 

grata,  Elainea 435 

gratiosa,  Ochthoeca 54 

gratiosus,  Mecocerculus 54 

grisea,  Muscisaxicola 28 

grisea,  Serpophaga 386 

griseiceps,  Atalotriccus 336 

griseiceps,  Colopteryx 336 

griseiceps,  Euscarthmornis 313 

griseiceps,  Euscarthmus 313 

griseiceps,  Phyllomyias 466 

griseiceps,  Platyrinchus 263 

griseiceps,  Tyranniscus 466 

griseigularis,  Empidonax 207 

griseimentalis,  Rhynchocyclus 291 

griseipectus,  Empidonax 219 

griseipectus,  Euscarthmornis 315 

griseipectus,  Euscarthmus 315 

griseocapilla,  Phyllomyias 466 

griseocularis,  Sublegatus 445 

griseogularis,  Elaenia 410 

griseolum,  Todirostrum 307 

grisescens,  Rhynchocyclus 273 

griseus,  Empidonax 211 

griseus,  Todus 293 

griseus,  Tyrannus no 

gualaquizae,  Pogonotriccus 346 

guatimalensis,  Saurophagus 148 

Gubernetes 63 

guianarum,  Blacicus 195 

guianensis,  Elaenia 430 

guianensis,  Myiozetetes 138 

guianensis,  Rhynchocyclus 288 

guillemini,  Muscipeta 424 

guirayetapa,  Alecturus 66 

gularis,  Elainea 394 

gularis,  Muscicapa 316 

gumia,  Platyrinchus 270 

Guracava 350 

guttatum,  Todirostrum 295 

gutturalis,  Tyrannus i 

Habrura 364 

hammondii,  Empidonax 210 

hammondii,  Tyrannula 210 


INDEX 


509 


Hapalocercus 358 

Hapalura 367 

haplopteryx,  Caenotriccus 342 

harterti,  Myiozetetes 140 

hatcheri,  Muscisaxicola 24 

hauxwelli,  Pipromorpha 497 

hederaceus,  Mionectes 494 

heinei,  Pyrrhomyias 243 

helenae,  Serpophaga 390 

hellmayri,  Mecocerculus 398 

hellmayri,  Myiozetetes 139 

hellmayri,  Sisopygis 96 

hellmayri,  Terenotriccus 231 

helviventris,  Hapalocercus 363 

hemichrysus,  Hypermitres 130 

hemichrysus,  Myiodynastes 130 

Hemipenthica 10 

Hemitriccus 343 

Hemitriscus 343 

heterogyna,  Knipolegus 71 

heterurus,  Pyrocephalus 90 

hirundinaceus,  Platyrhynchus. . . .  256 

Hirundinea 255 

hispaniolensis,  Blacicus 205 

hollandi,  Hapalocercus 361 

holmbergiana,  Elainea 461 

holospodia,  Taenioptera 27 

Horizopus 190 

huancabambae,  Spizitornis 376 

hudsoni,  Cnipolegus 75 

hudsoni,  Phaeotriccus 75 

Hylonax 187 

Hypermitres 122 

hypochlorus,  Lophotriccus 331 

hypoleuca,  Serpophaga 387 

hypospodia,  Elainea 415 

hypospodium,  Todirostrum 308 

hypoxanthus,  Empidonax 207 

icastus,  Leptopogon 488 

icterophrys,  Muscicapa 96 

icterophrys,  Myiozetetes 143 

icterophrys,  Satrapa 96 

icterophrys,  Tyrannula 135 

Ictiniscus 80 

Idioptilon 328 

Idiotriccus 480 

ignea,  Taenioptera 19 

illigeri,  Todirostrum 294 

illigeri,  Triccus 294 

imberbe,  Camptostoma 460 

impiger,  Euscarthmornis 321 

impiger,  Euscarthmus 321 

implacens,  Elaenia. 437 

improbus,  Tyranniscus 471 

improvisa,  Suiriri 443 

inca,  Tyrannus 115 

incanescens,  Muscipeta 465 

inca,  Leptopogon 491 

incomta,  Elainea 450 

incomta,  Phaeomyias 450 

inerme,  Ornithion 484 

Inezia 389 


inflava,  Phaeomyias 452 

inornata,  Conopias 135 

inornata,  Serpophaga 384 

inornatus,  Colopteryx 333 

inornatus,  Euscarthmornis 322 

inornatus,  Euscarthmus 322 

inornatus,  Myiozetetes 136 

inquietus,  Myiarchus 161 

inquisitor,  Rhynchocyclus 284 

insolens,  Agriornis 5 

insolens,  Myiodynastes 125 

insularis,  Platyrinchus 266 

insulicola,  Empidonax 213 

insulicola,  Myiarchus 178 

intercedens,  Pyrocephalus 93 

intermedia,  Agriornis 5 

intermedia,  Inezia 390 

intermedius,  Craspedoprion 288 

intermedius,  Myiodynastes 129 

intrepidus,  Tyrannus 102 

inzonata,  Stigmatura 380 

iohannis,  Euscarthmornis 313 

iohannis,  Euscarthmus 314 

irritabilis,  Tyrannus 159 

irupero,  Tyrannus 15 

irupero,  Xolmis 15 

jaliscensis  Elaenia 438 

jaliscensis,  Myiopagis 438 

jamaicensis,  Pitangus 157 

jamaicensis,  Tolmarchus 157 

jelskii,  Ochthoeca 52 

jesupi,  Ochthoeca 54 

joazeiro,  Muscicapa 98 

johnstpnei,  Empidonax 216 

josephinae,  Euscarthmus 323 

josepbinae,  Microcochlearius 322 

juninensis,  Muscisaxicola 23 

juruanum,  Ornithion 457 

Kaupprnis 159 

keaysi,  Ochthoeca 342 

kittlitzi,  Pyrope 9 

klagesi,  Rhynchocyclus 284 

klagesi,  Taeniotriccus 328 

Knipolegus 67 

lafresnayi,  Cnipolegus 69 

Laphyctes 102 

latirostre,  Todirostrum 304 

latirostris,  Aulanax 57 

latirostris,  Blacicus 206 

latirostris,  Euscarthmus 304 

latirostris,  Myiobius 206 

latirostris,  Sayornis 57 

lawrencei,  Empidonax 215 

lawrencei,  Muscicapa. 185 

lawrenceii,  Myiarchus 185 

Legatus 117 

legatus,  Muscicapa 117 

lembeyei,  Muscicapa 55 


INDEX 


lenzi,  Todirostrum 326 

Leptocercus 358 

Leptopogon 484 

Leptotriccus 349 

Lepturus 358 

lessoni,  Octhoeca 49 

Lessonia 33 

leucocephala,  Arundinicola 85 

leucocephala,  Pipra 85 

leucocilla,  Muscipeta 60 

leucogaster,  Corvus 151 

leucogaster,  Euscarthmus 315 

leucogaster,  Tyrannus 103 

leucogonys,  Acrochordopus 48 1 

leucogonys,  Tyranniscus 481' 

leucometopa,  Ochthoeca 46 

leuconota,  Colonia 63 

leuconotus,  Copurus 63 

leucophaius,  Legatus 117 

leucophaius,  Platyrhynchos 117 

leucophrys,  Capsiempis 356 

leucophrys,  Elaenea 395 

leucophrys,  Fluvicola 47 

leucophrys,  Mecocerculus 392 

leucophrys,  Muscicapa 392 

leucophrys,  Ochthoeca 47 

leucophthalmus,  Renggerornis 454 

leucoptera,  Perspicilla 78 

leucoryphus,  Platyrhynchos 262 

leucospodia,  Elaenia 441 

leucotis,  Tyrannus 1 14 

leucura,  Agriornis 7 

leucura,  Serpophaga 399 

libertatis,  Tachuris 370 

Lichenops 77 

lictor,  Lanius 154 

lictor,  Pitangus 154 

limbatus,  Euscarthmus 312 

lippus,  Spizitornis 372 

litae,  Myiobius 248 

litae,  Myiophobus 247 

littoralis,  Elainea 94 

littoralis,  Ochthornis 94 

livida,  Agriornis i 

lividus,  Phyllomyias 465 

lividus,  Tamnophilus i 

longicauda,  Muscicapa 64 

longipennis,  Muscicapa 60 

longipennis,  Tyrannus 80 

lophotes,  Elainea 419 

lophotes,  Knipolegus 67 

Lophotriccus 328 

lucaysiensis,  Myiarchus 171 

lucaysiensis,  Tyrannula  stolida, 

var 171 

ludoviciana,  Muscicapa 159 

luggeri,  Tyrannus 147 

lugubris,  Contopus 202 

lugubris,  Myiochanes 202 

lugubris,  Ochthodiaeta 41 

lundii,  Elainea 422 

luteiventris,  Elaenia 146 

luteiventris,  Lophotriccus 329 


luteiventris,  Myiodynastes 122 

luteiventris,  Myiozetetes 146 

macconnelli,  Elaenia 404 

macconnelli,  Lophotriccus 333 

macconnelli,  Pipromorpha 500 

Machetornis 97 

macilvainii,  Elaenia 432 

macloviana,  Muscisaxicola 29 

macloviana,  Sylvia 29 

maculata,  Muscicapa 122 

macula  turn,  Todirostrum 301 

maculatus,  Myiodynastes 122 

maculatus,  Todus 301 

maculirostris,  Muscisaxicola 31 

magister,  Myiarchus 162 

magnanimus,  Tyrannus 151 

magnirostris,  Capsiempis 356 

magnirostris,  Eribates 187 

magnirostris,  Tyrannula 187 

magnirostris,  Tyrannus 112,131 

major,  Pyrocephalus 89 

ma.iorinus,  Nuttallornis 189 

margaritacea,  Fluvicola 319 

margaritaceiventer,  Euscarthmor- 

nis 319 

margaritaceiventer,  Todirostrum.  319 

marginalis,  Agriornis i 

marginata,  Muscicapa 284 

marginatus,  Dicrurus 80 

marginatus,  Myiozetetes 143 

marginatus,  Rhynchocyclus 281 

maritima,  Agriornis 6 

maritima,  Pepoaza 6 

martinica,  Elaenia 407 

martinica,  Muscicapa 407 

martinicensis,  Blacicus 206 

mastacalis,  Muscicapa 235 

mastacalis,  Myiobius 235 

matutinus,  Tyrannus 102,110 

maximiliani,  Pitangus 152 

maximiliani,  Saurophagus 152 

Mecocerculus 392 

megacephala,  Tyrannula 281 

megacephalus,  Todus 337 

megacephalus,  Tolmomyias 281 

Megalophus 258 

Megarynchus 130 

Megastoma 130 

melancholicus,  Tyrannus 106 

melanocephalus,  Todus 297 

melanomystax,  Poecilotriccus ....  325 

Melittarchus 102 

meloryphus,  Euscarthmus 358 

meloxantha,  Muscicapa 297 

mentalis,  Muscisaxicola 30 

mesoleuca,  Elaenia 416 

mesoleuca,  Muscicapa 189 

mesoleucus,  Nuttallornis 189 

mesorhynchus,  Rhynchocyclus ...  291 

mexicana,  Muscivora 260 

mexicana,  Tyrannula 160 

mexicanus,  Megarynchus 133 


INDEX 


mexicanus,  Onychorhynchus 260 

mexicanus,  Pyrocephalus 92 

mexicanus,  Scaphorhynchus 133 

mexicanus,  Tyrannus 100 

Microcochlearius 322 

microptera,  Agriornis 3 

Microtriccus 482 

miles,  Muscicapa 98 

Milvulus 100 

milvulus,  Tyrannus 101 

minima,  Elaenia. . .  . ., 438 

minima,  Tyrannula 209 

minima,  Snethlagea 324 

minimus,  Myiopagis 438 

minimus,  Pachyrhamphus 365 

minimus,  Empidonax 209 

minimus,  Pyrocephalus 94 

minimus,  Tyranniscus 474 

minor,  Cnipodectes 272 

minor,  Empidonomus 1 16 

minor,  Euscarthmus 323 

minor,  Leptopogon 399 

minor,  Lophotriccus . 329 

minor,  Mecocerculus 399 

minor,  Myiochanes. 204 

minor,  Myiodynastes 128 

minor,  Snethlagea 323 

minor,  Xenopsaris 391 

minutus,  Euscarthmus 337 

Mionectes 491 

mirandae,  Todirostrum 305 

miserabilis,  Perissotriccus 339 

Mitrephanes 227 

Mitrephorus 227 

modesta,  Elaenia 411 

modesta,  Muscipeta 445 

modesta,  Phyllomyia 445 

modesta,  Tyrannula 355 

modestus,  Myiobius 240 

modes tus,  Sublegatus 445 

moesta,  Muscicapa 15 

monacha,  Muscicapa 60 

monachus,  Tyrannus 101 

montana,  Agriornis 7 

montana,  Pepoaza 7 

montensis,  Myiopatis 395 

morenoanus,  Myiophthorus 67 

morenoi,  Muscisaxicola 43 

multicolor,  Todirostrum 326 

munda,  Serpophaga 384 

murina,  Elainea 401 

murina,  Ochthoeca 94 

murina,  Pepoaza 17 

murina,  Phaeomyias 449 

murina,  Xolmis 17 

murinus,  Platyrhynchus 449 

Muscifur 159 

Muscigralla 94 

Muscipeta 258 

Muscipipra 80 

Muscisaxicola 20 

Muscivora 100 

musica,  Tyrannula 203 


Myiacleptes 134 

Myiarchus 158,392 

Myiobius 234 

Myiochanes 190 

Myiodynastes 121 

Myionax : . .  159 

Myiopagis 402 

Myiopatis 453 

Myiophila 81 

Myiophobus 246 

Myiophthorus 66 

Myiornis 337 

Myiosympotes 360 

Myiotheretes 37 

Myiotriccus 241 

Myiozetetes 137 

mystacea,  Muscicapa 84 

mystaceus,  Platyrinchus 265 

mystax,  Muscicapa 84 

naevia,  Muscicapa 251 

nanus,  Pyrocephalus 93 

napaeum,  Camptostoma 458 

napaeum,  Ornithion 458 

napensis,  Stigmatura 380 

nationi,  Myiobius 249 

nattereri,  Euscarthmornis 315 

nattereri,  Euscarthmus 316 

nattereri,  Platyrinchus 263 

neglectus,  Platyrinchus 268 

neglectus,  Platytriccus 268 

neglectus,  Tyrannus 105 

nelsoni,  Myiarchus 162 

nemoralis,  Empidonax 215 

nengeta,  Lanius 10 

Nengetus 10 

Neoxolmis 39 

Nesotriccus 188 

nicaraguae,  Mitrephanes 228 

nidipendulus,  Euscarthmornis. ...  311 

nidipendulus,  Euscarthmus 311 

nigerrima,  Muscicapa 68 

nigerrimus,  Knipolegus 68 

nigrescens,  Myiochanes 197 

nigri,  Alauda 34 

nigricans,  Muscicapa 78 

nigricans,  Sayornis 56 

nigricans,  Serpophaga 387 

nigricans,  Sylvia 387 

nigricans,  Tyrannula 56 

nigricapillus,  Myiarchus 183 

nigriceps,  Mecocerculus 395 

nigriceps,  Myiarchus 182 

nigriceps,  Todirostrum 294 

nigrifrons,  Leptopogon 487 

nigrifrons,  Muscisaxicola 26 

nigrita,  Ochthoeca 50 

nigrocapillus,  Tyranniscus 468 

nigro-capillus,  Tyrannulus 468 

nigrocristatus,  Anaeretes 378 

nigrocristatus,  Spizitornis 377 

nivea,  Xolmis 17 

niveigularis,  Tyrannus 104 


512 


INDEX 


nobilis,  Myiodynastes 124 

notatus,  Mecocerculus 394 

Notorchilus 337 

nuchalis,  Platyrynchos 288 

nugator,  Myiarchus 167 

nunciola,  Muscicapa 55 

Nuttallprnis 189 

nuttingi,  Myiarchus 161 

oberij  Myiarchus 167 

obscura,  Elaenia 424 

obscura,  Muscipeta 424 

obscura,  Pipromorpha 500 

obscura,  Taenioptera 10 

obscura,  Tyrannula 211 

obscurior,  Myiozetetes 146 

obscurior,  Sublegatus 447 

obscurus,  Pyrocephalus 89,90 

obsoleta,  Muscicapa 454 

obsoleta,  Musciphaga 344 

obsoletum,  Camptostoma 454 

obsoletus,  Hemitriccus 344 

occidentalis,  Empidonax 214 

occidentalis,  Muscivora 260 

occidentalis,  Onychorhynchus 260 

occidentalis,  Tyrannus 109 

occipitalis,  Muscisaxicola 22 

ochraceiventris,  Mitrephorus 249 

ochraceiventris,  Myiophobus 248 

ochraceus,  Contopus 203 

ochraceus,  Myiochanes 203 

ochropterus,  Euscarthmus 304 

Ochthites 95 

Ochthodiaeta 40 

Ochthoeca 42 

Ochthornis 94 

ockendeni,  Knipolegus 71 

ocularis,  Euscarthmus 319 

oenanthoides,  Fluvicola 42 

oenanthoides,  Ochthoeca 42 

oleaginea,  Muscicapa 497 

oleaginea,  Pipromorpha 497 

oliva,  Muscicapa 215 

olivacea,  Muscicapa 47 1 

olivacea,  Ochthoeca 47 1 

olivaceum,  Camptostoma 457 

olivaceum,  Oncpstoma 310 

olivaceum,  Ornithion 457 

olivaceum,  Todirostrum 310 

olivaceus,  Mionectes 494 

olivaceus,  Mitrephanes 229 

olivaceus,  Platyrhynchos 288 

olivaceus,  Rhynchocyclus 288 

olivascens,  Myiarchus 186 

olivina,  Elaenia 428 

omnicolor,  Regulus 368 

Oncostoma 310 

Onychopterus 159 

Onychorhynchus 258 

ophthalmicus,  Pogonotriccus 345 

orbitalis,  Capsiempis 348 

orbitalis,  Pogonotriccus 347 

orbitatus,  Euscarthmornis 312 


orbitatus,  Euscarthmus 312 

Orchilus 328 

oreas,  Centrites 36 

oreas,  Lessonia 36 

orenocensis,  Cnipolegus 74 

orenocensis,  Knipolegus 74 

orenocensis,  Serpophaga 390 

Oreomyias 477 

Oreotriccus 477 

orientalis,  Ochthoeca 52 

ornata,  Tyrannula 241 

ornatus,  Myiotriccus 241 

Ornithion 483 

Ornithium 484 

Orodynastes 37 

ottonis,  Pogonotriccus 347 

oustaleti,  Leptopogon 353 

oustaleti,  Phylloscartes 353 

pacifica,  Ochthoeca 43 

pacific  a,  Pipromorpha 499 

pacificus,  Craspedoprion 291 

pacificus,  Myiozetetes 143 

pacificus,  Rhynchocyclus 290 

pagana,  Muscicapa 402 

pallatangae,  Elaenia 428 

pallens,  Elaenia 436 

pallens,  Myiopagis 436 

pallens,  Snethlagea 324 

pallescens,  Mitrephorus 220 

pallescens,  Myiarchus 166 

pallescens,  Myiochanes 194 

pallescens,  Rhynchocyclus 273 

pallida,  Serpophaga 387 

pallida,  Tyrannula 59 

pallidiceps,  Muscisaxicola 21 

pallidior,  Hirundinea 257 

pallidiventris,  Contopus 203 

pallidiventris,  Myiochanes 203 

pallidiventris,  Pipromorpha 498 

pallidus,  Blacicus 205 

pallidus,  Mionectes 495 

pallidus,  Myiobius 205 

pallidus,  Myiotheretes 38 

palpebrosum,  Todirpstrum 312 

pammictus,  Hemitriccus 353 

pammictus,  Phylloscartes 353 

panamensis,  Myiarchus 175 

panamensis,  Pitangus 156 

panamensis,  Tyrannulus 479 

parambae,  Elaenia 441 

parambae,  Serpophaga 441 

parca,  Pipromorpha 499 

parulus,  Muscicapa 370 

parulus,  Spitzitornis 370 

parvirostris,  Colorhamphus 401 

parvirostris,  Elaenia 414 

parvirostris,  Empidonomus 114 

parvirostris,  Megarhynchus 132 

parvirostris,  Myiobius 401 

parvirostris,  Pyrocephalus 87 

parvus,  Cpryphotriccus 136 

parvus,  Pitangus 136 


INDEX 


parvus,  Tyranniscus 470 

patagonicus,  Spizitornis 372 

paulistus,  Euscarthmornis 311 

paulistus,  Euscarthmus.  .  .- 311 

paulistus,  Phylloscartes 352 

paulistus,  Tyranniscus 461 

paulus,  Hapalocercus 358 

paznae,  Agriornis 4 

pectoralis,  Empidonax 210 

pectoralis,  Habrura 364 

pectoralis,  Sylvia 364 

pectoralis,  Todirhamphus 318 

pelzelni,  Elaenia 418 

pelzelni,  Euscarthmus 319 

pelzelni,  Myiarchus 171 

pelzelni,  Pseudotriccus 340 

penardi,  Todirostrum 304 

peninsulae,  Contopus 192 

peninsulae,  Myiochanes 192 

Pepoaza 10 

pepoaza,  Tyrannus 10 

Perissotriccus 338 

perniz,  Ochthodiaeta. 42 

perplexus,  Empidonax 213 

Perspicilla 77 

perspicillata,  Lichenops 77 

perspicillata,  Motacilla 77 

pertinax,  Contopus 203 

pertinax,  Myiarchus 160 

pertinax,  Myiochanes 203 

peruanus,  Cnemotriccus 226 

peruanus,  Empidochanes 226 

peruviana,  Tyrannula 147 

peru vi anus,  Leptopogon 488 

peruvianus,  Myiobius 238 

peruvianus,  Poecilotriccus 327 

peruvianus,  Tolmomyias 276 

petersi,  Tyranniscus 471 

phaenoleuca,  Muscicapa 101 

phaeocephalus,  Myiarchus 174 

phaeocercus,  Mitrephanes 228 

phaeocercus,  Mitrephorus 228 

Phaeomyias 449 

phaeonotus,  Myiarchus 174 

Phaeotriccus 75 

phoebe,  Muscicapa 55 

phoebe,  Sayornis 55 

phoenicomitra,  Myiobius 247 

phoenicomitra,  Myiophobus 247 

phoenicura,  Tyrannula 243 

phoenicurus,  Myiotriccus 242 

Phoneutria 255 

Phyllomyias 463 

Phyllooecia 349 

Phylloscartes 350 

pica,  Fluvicola 81 

pica,  Muscicapa 81 

picata,  Muscicapa 13 

picatum,  Todirostrum 309 

pictum,  Todirostrum 295 

pilaris,  Atalotriccus 335 

pilaris,  Colopterus 335 

pileata,  Muscicapa 215 


pileatus,  Contopus 193 

pileatus,  Euscarthmus 330 

pileatus,  Leptopogon 490 

pileatus,  Lophotriccus 330 

pipiri,  Tyrannus 102 

Pipromorpha 497 

pitangua,  Megarynchus 130 

Pitangus 148 

pitangva,  Lanius 130 

piurae,  Ochthoeca 46 

placens,  Elaenia 437 

Placostomus 262 

Planchesia 190 

platurus,  Platyrhynchos 60 

platyrhyncha,  Phyllomyias 445 

platyrhynchos,  Platyrinchus 262 

platyrhynchos,  Todus 262 

platyrhynchus,  Myiarchus 185 

Platyrinchus 261 

Platytriccus 262 

plebeius,  Contopus 192 

plumbeiceps,  Euscarthmornis.  ...  316 

plumbeiceps,  Oreotriccus 477 

plumbeiceps,  Pogonotriccus 477 

plumbeiceps,  Todirostrum 316 

plumbeipes,  Hapalocercus 488 

plumbeum,  Todirostrum 297 

plumulosus,  Regulus 371 

poecilocerca,  Serpophaga 398 

poecilocercus,  Empidochanes 76 

poecilocercus,  Mecocerculus 398 

poecilocercus,  Phaeotriccus 76 

poecilonota,  Colonia 62 

poecilonotus,  Copurus 62 

poecilotis,  Leptopogon 347 

poecilotis,  Pogonotriccus 347 

Poecilotriccus 325 

poecilurus,  Cnemotriccus 225 

poecilurus,  Empidochanes 226 

Pogonotriccus 345 

poliocephalum,  Todirostrum 296 

poliocephalus,  Leptopogon 486 

police ephalus,  Mionectes 491 

poliocephalus,  Rhynchocyclus. ...   283 

poliocephalus,  Todus 296 

poliocephalus,  Tolmomyias 282 

poliogastra,  Ochthoeca 50 

polionota,  Ochthoeca 43 

polioptilus,  Myiochanes 202 

poliosoma,  Agriornis 8 

pollens,  Agriornis 9 

polyglotta,  Muscicapa 10 

Polystictus 364 

portovelae,  Myiobius 239 

Praedo 233 

Prospoietus 391 

Psalidura 66 

psalura,  Muscicapa 66 

Pseudocolopterus 360 

Pseudocolopteryx 360 

pseudogillia,  Platyrhynchus 84 

Pseudomyiobius 340 

Pseudotriccus 340 


INDEX 


Ptyonura 20 

pudica,  Elaenia 426 

pulchella,  Ochthpeca 53 

pule  helium,  Todirostrum 296 

pulcher,  Myiobius 248 

pulcher,  Myiophobus 248 

pullata,  Muscicapa 80 

pullata,  Planchesia 190 

pulverius,  Empidonax 212 

punensis,  Contopus 197 

punensis,  Myiochanes 197 

pusilla,  Tyrannula 209 

pus  ilium,  Camptostoma 459 

pusillum,  Eupsilostoma 456 

pusillum,  Myiopatis 459 

pusillus,  Cnipolegus 76 

pusillus,  Saurophagus 155 

pygmaeus,  Empidonax 220 

Pyrocephalus 86 

Pyrope 10 

pyrope,  Muscicapa 19 

pyrope,  Xolmis 19 

Pyrrhomyias 243 

pyrrhophaius,  Tyrannus 256 

pyrrhops,  Euscarthmus 318 

pyrrhops,  Euscarthmornis 318 

pyrrhoptera,  Pyrrhomyias 245 

pyrrhopterus,  Myiobius 245 

pyrrhotis,  Orchilus 337 

querula,  Muscicapa 190 

querulus,  Myiarchus 185 

quiescens,  Sayornis 60 

Ramphotrigon 292 

rapax,  Muscicapa 190 

regius,  Megarynchus 125 

regius,  Todus , 258 

reguloides,  Culicivora 376 

reguloides,  Spizitornis 376 

reguloides,  Tyrannulus 477 

reiseri,  Phyllomyias 462 

reiseri,  Xanthomyias 462 

remota,  Elaenia 410 

Renggerornis 454 

residuus,  Myiarchus 159 

rex,  Muscicapa 102 

rhizophora,  Myiochanes 198 

Rhynchocyclus 287 

richardsonii,  Myiochanes 191 

richardspnii,  Tyrannula 191 

ridgwayi,  Empidonax 208 

ridgwayi,  Myiobius 241 

ridgwayi,  Nesptriccus 188 

ridgwayi,  Ornithion 461 

ridleyana,  Elaenia 423 

riisii,  Elaenia 408 

risora,  Muscicapa 66 

risora,  Yetapa 66 

rixosa,  Machetornis 98 

rixosus,  Tyrannus 98 

rondoni,  Myiopagis 435 


roraimae,  Mecocerculus 396 

roraimae,  Myiobius 255 

roraimae,  Myiophobus 254 

roraimae,  Pipromorpha 501 

roseus,  Tyrannus 106 

rostratus,  Platyrhynchos 262 

rostratus,  Todus 262 

rostratus,  Tyrannus in 

rothschildi,  Idioptilon 328 

rubetra,  Taenioptera 18 

rubetra,  Xolmis 18 

rubicundus,  Empidonax 221 

rubigastra,  Sylvia. 368 

rubinus,  Muscicapa 86 

rubinus,  Pyrocephalus 86 

rubricapilla,  Muscisaxicola 23 

rubrigastra,  Tachuris 368 

rufa,  Alauda 34 

rufa,  Lessonia 34 

rufescens,  Muscisaxicola 32 

rufescens,  Myiobius 249 

rufescens,  Myiophobus 249 

ruficapilla,  Muscicapa 72 

ruficapillus,  Sylvia 358 

ruficauda,  Muscipeta 114 

ruficauda,  Platyrhynchus 292 

ruficauda,  Ramphotrigon 292 

ruficaudatus,  Myiarchus 170 

ruficeps,  Caenotriccus 342 

ruficeps,  Elaenia 424 

ruficeps,  Lepturus 358 

ruficeps,  Megastoma 131 

ruficeps,  Muscicapa 342 

ruficeps,  Poecilotriccus 325 

ruficeps,  Todirhamphus 326 

rufigene,  Todirostrum 326 

rufigenis,  Poecilotriccus 326 

rufigularis,  Euscarthmornis 317 

rufigularis,  Euscarthmus 317 

rufilatum,  Todirostrum 316 

rufina,  Muscicapa 113 

rufinus,  Empidonomus 113 

rufi-pectoralis,  Fluvicola 48 

rufipectoralis,  Ochthoeca 48 

rufipectus,  Leptopogon 490 

rufipectus,  Tyrannula 490 

rufipennis,  Cnemarchus 39 

rufipennis,  Muscisaxicola 39 

rufipennis,  Myiozetetes 139 

rufipennis,  Pitangus 149 

rufipennis,  Saurophagus 149 

rufipes,  Euscarthmus 319 

rufiventris,  Mionectes 502 

rufiventris,  Neoxolmis 39 

rufiventris,  Pipromorpha 502 

rufiventris,  Tyrannus 37,39 

rufivertex,  Muscisaxicola 20 

rufogularis,  Muscicapa 69 

rufomarginatus,  Euscarthmus.  . . .  360 

rufomarginatus,  Hapalocercus. . .  .  360 

rufomarginatus,  Mecocerculus 393 

rufomarginatus,  Myiarchus 185 

rufomarginatus,  Ochthoeca 393 


INDEX 


ruf opectus,  Ochthoeca 49 

rufopectus,  Tyrannulus 49 

rupestris,  Muscicapa 256 

russatus,  Euscarthmornis 317 

russatus,  Euscarthmus 317 

rustica,  Elainea 425 

sagrae,  Muscicapa 170 

sagrae,  Myiarchus 170 

salvadorii,  Phyllomyias 480 

salvini,  Cnemotriccus 227 

salvini,  Empidochanes 227 

salvini,  Empidonax 214 

salvini,  Ochthoeca 95 

salvini,  Tumbezia 95 

sanborni,  Muscisaxicola 20 

sanctae-luciae,  Myiarchus 168 

Satellus 102 

Satrapa 96 

satrapa,  Laphyctes 109 

saturatus,  Contopus 191 

saturatus,  Myiobius 253 

saturatus,  Myiophobus 253 

saturatus,  Platyrinchus 264 

saturatus,  Pyrocephalus 91 

Saurophagus 148 

savana,  Tyrannus 101 

saya,  Muscicapa 59 

saya,  Sayornis 59 

Sayornis 54 

Scaphorynchus 130 

schistaceiceps,  Todirostrum 306 

schottii,  Contopus 198 

schulzi,  Todirostrum 308 

sclateri,  Anaeretes 361 

sclateri,  Camptostoma 456 

sclateri,  Hirundinea 255 

sclateri,  Knipolegus 74 

sclateri,  Myiarchus 169 

sclateri,  Ornithion 457 

sclateri,  Phyllomyias 463 

sclateri,  Pseudocolopteryx 361 

sclateri,  Rhynchocyclus 283 

sclateri,  Todirostrum 300 

sclateri,  Tolmomyias 283 

sclateri,  Triccus 300 

sclateri,  Xanthomyias 463 

scotius,  Rhynchocyclus 273 

secundus,  Idiotriccus 480 

semiatra,  Muscicapa 56 

semiflava,  Capsiempis 357 

semiflava,  Elainea 357 

semiflavus,  Microtriccus 482 

semiflavus,  Myiobius 236 

semiflavus,  Tyrannulus 482 

semifusca,  Phyllomyias 450 

semipagana,  Elaenia 405 

semirufus,  Myiarchus 187 

semischistaceus,  Mionectes 500 

Semnarchus 102 

senex,  Euscarthmus 309 

senex,  Platyrinchus 262 

senex,  Todirostrum 308 


septentrionalis,  Empidonomus.. . .  115 

septentrionalis,  Euscarthmornis.  .  322 

septentrionalis,  Euscarthmus 322 

Sericoptila 67 

Serphophaga 382 

Serpophaga 381 

setophagoides,  Mecocerculus 394 

setpphagoides,  Tyrannula 394 

sibilans,  Muscicapa 119 

sibilator,  Muscicapa 119 

sibilator,  Sirystes 119 

signata,  Ochthodiaeta 41 

signatum,  Todirostrum 302 

similis,  Muscicapa 138,141 

similis,  Myiozetetes 141 

simplex,  Caenotriccus 342 

simplex,  Pseudotriccus 341 

Sirystes 119 

Sisopygis 96 

Snethlagea 323 

snethlagei,  Myiobius 240 

solitaria,  Agriornis 4 

solitarius,  Myiodynastes 125 

solitarius,  Tyrannus 125 

sordidata,  Elaenia 421 

sordidulus,  Contopus 192 

sordidulus,  Myiochanes 192 

sordidus,  Anthus 34 

sordidus,  Myiarchus 173 

sororia,  Elaenia 422 

spectabilis,  Elaenia 406 

spiciferum,  Todirostrum 333 

Spizitornis 370 

spodionota,  Ochthoeca 53 

spodiops,  Euscarthmornis 312 

spodiops,  Euscarthmus 312 

squamaecrista,  F 329 

squamaecrista,  Lophotriccus 329 

squamicristatus,  Lophotriccus. . .  .  329 

stellatus,  Myiobius 242 

stellatus,  Myiotriccus 242 

stenura,  Muscicapa 367 

stictoptera,  Elainia 396 

stictopterus,  Mecocerculus 396 

Stigmatura 379 

stolidus,  Myiarchus 170 

stolidus,  Myiobius 170 

stolzmanni,  Elaenia •. . . .  425 

straminea,  Muscicapa 382 

stramineo-ventris,  Muscicapa ....  364 

strepera,  Elaenia 417 

striaticeps,  Entotriccus 77 

striaticeps,  Hapalocercus 361 

striaticeps,  Muscisaxicola 77 

striaticolle,  Todirostrum 312 

striaticollis,  Euscarthmornis 312 

striaticollis,  Mionectes 491 

striaticollis,  Muscicapa 491 

striaticollis,  Myiotheretes 37 

striaticollis,  Taenioptera 37 

striatus,  Agriornis 3 

strigilata,  Muscipeta 87 

subbrunneus,  Cnipodectes 272 


INDEX 


subbrunneus,  Cyclorhynchus 272 

subcanescens,  Sirystes 121 

subcristata,  Serppphaga 382 

subcristata,  Sylvia 382 

subcristatus,  Lophotriccus 333 

subflava,  Inezia 389 

subflava,  Serphpphaga 389 

subflavum,  Ornithion 460 

Sublegatus 445 

subniger,  Copurus 61 

subochraceus,  Myiobius 249 

subpagana,  Elaenia 404 

subplacens,  Elaenia 439 

subtropicalis,  Mecocerculus 463 

subtropicalis,  Xanthpmyias 463 

subviridis,  Phyllomyias 480 

successor,  Legatus 117 

suffusus,  Myiobius 239 

Suiriri 442 

suiriri,  Muscicapa 442 

suiriri,  Suiriri 442 

sulphuraceus,  Tyrannus 108 

sulphuratus,  Lanius 151 

sulphuratus,  Pitangus 151 

sulphurea,  Muscicapa 147 

sulphurea,  Tyrannopsis 147 

sulphureipygia,  Tyrannula 236 

sulphureipygius,  Myiobius 236 

sulphurescens,  Platyrhynchus . . . .   273 

sulphurescens,  Tplmomyias 273 

superciliare,  Todirostrum 306 

superciliaris,  Euscarthmus 367 

superciliaris,  Habrura 366 

superciliaris,  Leptoppgon 485 

superciliaris,  Leptotriccus 400 

superciliaris,  Mecocerculus 400 

superciliaris,  Myiobius 247 

superciliaris,  Myiodynastes 130 

superciliaris,  Myiopatis 449 

superciliaris,  Platyrinchus 271 

superciliosa,  Ochthoeca 44 

superciliosa,  Tyrannula 134 

superciliosus,  Myiobius 247 

superciliosus,  Myiophobus 247 

surinamense,  Todirostrum 301 

surinamensis,  Empidochanes 224 

surinamensis,  Myiochanes 195 

swainsoni,  Muscivora 260 

swainsoni,  Myiarchus 173 

swainsoni,  Onychorhynchus 259 

swainsonii,  Saurophagus 155 

sylvestris,  Sylvia 1 95 

sylvia,  Todirostrum 307 

sylvia,  Todus 307 

sylyiolus,  Leptotriccus 349 

Syrichtha 190 

Tachuris 367 

taczanowskii,  Elainea 440 

taczanowskii,  Leptopogon 490 

Taenioptera 10 

taenioptera,  Muscicapa 10 

taeniopterus,  Mecocerculus 397 


Taeniotriccus 327 

tambillana,  Elaenia 426 

Tamnplanius i 

taylori,  Pitangus 158 

taylori,  Tolmarchus 158 

tectricialis,  Ochtboeca 48 

tenuirostris,  Camptostoma 453 

tenuirostris,  Mitrephanes 227 

tenuirostris,  Phaeomyias 453 

Terenptriccus 230 

texensis,  Muscicapa 144 

texensis,  Myiozetetes 144 

Theromyias 55 

thoracica,  Ochthoeca 51 

timidus,  Empidonax 219 

titiri,  Tyrannus no 

tobagensis,  Myiarchus 166 

tobagoensis,  Pipromorpha 499 

toddi,  Myiarchus 175 

Todirostrum 293 

Tolmarchus 156 

Tolmomyias 273 

traillii,  Empidonax 208 

traillii,  Muscicapa 208 

transandinus,  Leptopogon 486 

trepidus,  Empidonax 212 

tresmariae,  Myiarchus 186 

Triccus 294 

tricolor,  Alectrurus 65 

tricolor,  Gallita 65 

tricolor,  Myiarchus . 181 

trinitatis,  Elaenia 429 

trinitatis,  Pitangus 150 

tristis,  Leptopogon 351 

tristis,  Myiobius 1 86 

trivirgata,  Conopias 134 

trivirgata,  Muscicapa 134 

tschudii,  Tyrannula 114 

tuberculifer,  M}darchus 180 

tuberculifer,  Tyrannus 180 

tucumana,  Ochthoeca 47 

tumbezana,  Phaeomyias 452 

tumbezana,  Phyllomyias 452 

Tumbezia 95 

Tyranniscus 467 

Tyrannopsis 147 

Tyrannulus.  . . , 477 

tyrannulus,  Muscicapa 163 

tyrannulus,  Myiarchus 163 

Tyranrais 102 

tyrannus,  Lanius 102 

tyrannus,  Muscicapa 101 

tyrannus,  Muscivora 101 

tyrannus,  Tyrannus 102 

unicolor,  Cnipolegus 72 

urichi,  Mecocerculus 462 

urichi,  Xanthomyias 462 

Uromyias 378 

uropygialis,  Mecocerculus 469 

uropygialis,  Tyranniscus 469 

validus,  Hylonax 187 


INDEX 


validus,  Myiarchus 187 

varia,  Muscicapa 113 

variegata,  Elaenia 119 

variegata,  Pepoaza 40 

variegatus,  Anthus 34 

variegatus,  Legatus 119 

varius,  Empidonomus 113 

velata,  Muscicapa 12 

velata,  Xolmis 12 

veliei,  Contopus 191 

venezuelanus,  Cnemotriccus 226 

venezuelanus,  Myiobius 247 

venezuelanus,  Myiodynastes 129 

venezuelanus,  Myiophobus 246 

venezuelanus,  Pogonotriccus 348 

venezuelensis,  Atalotriccus 336 

venezuelensis,  Leptopogon 486 

venezuelensis,  Mionectes. . .  • 496 

venezuelensis,  Myiarchus 178 

venezuelensis,  Phyllomyias 463 

ventralis,  Muscicapa 350 

ventralis,  Phylloscartes 350 

verticalis,  Tyrannus 104 

verticata,  Serphophaga 382 

vetula,  Muscicapa 80 

vetula,  Muscipipra 80 

vicinior,  Myiodynastes 122 

vicinus,  Contopus 190 

vieilloti,  Tyrannulus 368 

vieillotii,  Muscipeta 244 

vieillotii,  Tyrannus 103 

vieillotioides,  Muscicapa 243 

vieillotioides,  Pyrrhomyias 243 

vilis,  Euscarthmus 343 

vilissima,  Elainia 470 

vilissimus,  Tyranniscus 470 

villosus,  Myiobius 238 

violentus,  Tyrannus 101 

virens,  Muscicapa 190 

virens,  Myiochanes 190 

vireoninus,  Empidochanes 224 

virescens,  Empidonax 207 

virescens,  Muscicapa 461 

virescens,  Phyllomyias 465 

virescens,  Phylloscartes 352 

virescens,  Platyrhynchos 207 

virescens,  Sublegatus 465 

virescens,  Xanthomyias 461 

virgata,  Muscicapa 251 

virginea,  Muscicapa 159 

viridanum,  Todirpstrum 301 

viridescens,  Empidonax 214 


viridescens,  Euscarthmus 345 

viridicata,  Elaenia 434 

viridicata,  Sylvia 434 

viridiceps,  Euscarthmornis 316 

viridiceps,  Euscarthmus 317 

viridiceps,  Mionectes 493 

viridiceps,  Rhynchocyclus 287 

viridiceps,  Tolmomyias 287 

viridiflava,  Elaenia 474 

viridiflavus,  Tyranniscus 474 

viridissimus,  Tyranniscus 472 

vitiosus,  Cometornis 332 

vitiosus,  Lophotriccus 332 

vittigera,  Muscicapa 14 

vociferans,  Tyrannus 103 

vorax,  Tyrannus in 

wagae,  Myiopatis 452 

wagae,  Phaeomyias 451 

wallacei,  Pipromorpha 497 

whitelyanus,  Atalotriccus 336 

whitelyi,  Elaenia 420 

wiedii,  Elainea 445 

wilcoxi,  Atalotriccus 335 

wrightii,  Empidonax 211 

wuchereri,  Euscarthmornis 320 

wuchereri,  Euscarthmus 321 

Xanthomyias 461 

xanthopygus,  Platyrhynchus 236 

Xenopsaris 391 

Xenurus 65 

xinguensis,  Knipolegus 74 

Xolmis 10 

Yetapa 66 

yetapa,  Gubernetes 64 

yetapa,  Muscicapa 64 

yiperu,  Muscicapa 64 

yperu,  Gubernetes 64 

yucatanensis,  Myiarchus 169 

yucatanensis,  Myiopagis 438 

yukonensis,  Sayornis 59 

zamorae,  Platyrinchus 267 

zarumae,  Myiochanes 201 

zeledoni,  Acrochordopus 481 

zeledoni,  Lophotriccus 329 

zeledoni,  Pogonotriccus 481 

zosterops,  Euscarthmornis 314 

zosterops,  Euscarthmus 314 

zuliensis,  Empidochanes 215 


UK  UBRARy  OF  THF 

FEB  17  19,38 

OF  ULINO/S 


